http://ru.scribd.

com/doc/126521656
2002DAN383.710-713.SistemaPrincipovDljaSohranenija
: . .
//
() 2002. . 383. 5. .710-713.
. .

 574.6: 574.64: 502.4+502.72+502.752

( ): Unio tumidus, Mytilus
galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas, ,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
, , ,
; ,
(): (, 1998, .362, .
574-576; , 2001, .378, .283-285) ,

,
.
,
. ,
,
( ) . ,
( ),

,
.
( ).
:
(), ().
. .
Abstract:
Ostroumov S.A. SYSTEM OF PRINCIPLES FOR PROTECTING THE BIOGEOCENOTIC FUNCTION
AND BIODIVERSITY OF FILTER-FEEDERS. -Doklady Akademii Nauk (DAN). 2002.
Vol. 383. No. 5. P.710-713. translated into English:
System of principles for conservation of the biogeocenotic function and the biodiversity of
filter-feeders. Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002. Vol. 383: 147-150. Bibliogr.15
refs. ISSN 0012-4966. Distributed by Springer, orderdept@springer-sbm.com.

As a result of our studies of filter-feeders (DAN, 1998, Vol. 362, p. 574-576; DAN,
2001,Vol. 378, p.283-285 ), it is clear that the filtering activity of populations of
filter-feeders in natural habitats might be significantly reduced if the
concentrations of some pollutants reach certain levels. The role of filter-feeders as
factors of water purification in ecosystems is so important that their inhibition is a
danger for the entire ecosystem. We think that not only the biodiversity of filterfeeders but also their level of functional (filtration) activity is to be protected. In
order to do so, we suggest establishing a new type of protected areas whose main
purpose is to protect functionally active populations of filter-feeders, including
bivalves and other organisms. The author suggests that those protected areas
could be named hydrobiological (some variants: biofiltering, or malacological)
reserves (some variants: refuges, sanctuaries, etc.). 5 principles of nature
conservation requirements in malacological and hydrobiological reserves (Tabl.
3), among them principle 2, "conservation of filtration activity of organisms and
populations"; 5 detergents (1-50 mg/L) inhibited the filtration activity of Unio
tumidus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas (Tabl. 2); effects on the
efficiency of elimination (EEE) of suspended matter from water were measured
(Tabl. 2); the number of days (0.3 10) needed to filter the volume of aquatic
(freshwater and marine) ecosystem by the local bivalves (a review of data from
literature) (Tabl. 1). "I suggest that the existing system of protected terrestrial and
water areas should be supplemented with special sites intended to conserve
populations of filter-feeding hydrobionts. In addition to biodiversity conservation,
these populations should be conserved because they fulfil a very important
biogeocenotic function of water filtration and purification" (p.149). "The system of
five principlesis proposed to provide an ecological basis of the environment
conservation conditions at these sites (malacological and hydrobiological
reserves)" (p.149).]. DOI 10.1023/A:1015398125876.
: , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , ,
; , ,
1 2 , , Bay of Brest, , , Oosterschelde, ,
Wadden Sea, , , "", , ,
Rutilus rutilus, Rana ridibunda, , , , , ,
, Unio tumidus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas, , ,
, , , ; IXI; -; Lanza; ; , .
KEY WORDS: biodiversity, the system of protected areas, conservation of aquatic ecosystems, conservation of the filtration activity of
organisms and populations, conservation of biomass and productivity of aquatic communities and populations of aquatic organisms,
conservation of populations of organisms, survival, the life cycle of aquatic, filter-feeders, the removal of particulate matter from the
water, purification, habitat preservation, water ecosystems, the filtering function of populations of aquatic organisms, aquatic organisms,
zoobenthos, the principles of protection regime, the population of filter feeders, bivalves, regimes of conservation, Bay of Brest, France,
estuary Oostershelde, Netherlands, Wadden Sea, North America, Western Europe, sea, nature reserve "Voronezh", roach Rutilus rutilus,
frog Rana ridibunda, Voronezh, Lake Kostomuksha, Karelia, Lake Zheleznogorsky, Kursk region, Unio tumidus, Mytilus
galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas, the impact on the efficiency of removal of particulate matter, detergents, laundry detergent, IXI;
Deni-Automat; Lanza; Vesna- Delikat, Red Books, hydrobiological or malacological reserves.

574.6: 574.64: 502.4+502.72+502.752

2002 . . .
. . . ,
, 119234 ,
.. 30.11.2001

[1]
.

[2-4] [6, 7]

, , ,
. ,

.

,

-
(

);
.
,
;
,
;
.

).
(36
, 34
2000 ) [8]
.

[9].


.
. [7 ], [4] .

"" (
,
, Rutilus rutilus,
Rana ridibunda) [10].

- . , . (),
. [10]
(, [8, 9, 11, 12]).
,
. ,
,
. :
-

;
-
;
- .

,

[11, 12]

[9].

,
(, [2-7, 13-15]).

0.7 ( , South San Francisco Bay) 25 (
, Narragansett Bay) [5].
1 2 4.9 263
5

 [5].
. 1.
,
,
,
(, [13, 14]).
,
,

.
(,
. . 2)
[15].
,

.
.

.

,

, . 3.

.
1.

.

,
[11, 12 ].

2.

,

[13 15]. ,
6

 ,
19 - 20 , 5-6

[6, 7, 13, 14], [2-7].
,
,
.
3.

.
(,
) ,
,
,
.
4. (
),
,

. ,
(glochidia),
. ,

[15]. ,

.

, ,
.
5.
( )
,
.
, ,
.
,

7

 .
.
(
),
.
,
,
( 2),
( 3) . ,
,

, 4 5.

. ,
,

.
,
. , ,
[15],

. ,
,
.


, ,
,
.

. ,
,
. , ,
, ..
refugium, sanctuary, protected area .

.
8

 ,

,
-
,

.
( ),

( ).
.., . . , ..,
, . . ,
. . ,
. . ,
..,
..,
.., ASLO, NABS, Peter J. Wangersky,
J. Widdows, N. Walz
, , . . ..
,
. . . the Open
Society Support Foundation, grant RSS No. 1306/1999.


1. .., .., .., ..
. .: -. 1997. 576 .
2.
. .
. .: , 1981. 248 .
3. ..
. : , 1975. 208 .
4. .., .. .
: . 1990. 248 .
5. Dame R.F. Ecology of Marine Bivalves. Boca Raton et al.: CRC
Press. 1996. 277 p.
6. ..
. .: -, 2000. 116 .
7. ..

.
. .: , 2000.
8. . .: .
2001. 864 .
9. The IUCN Invertebrate Red data Book. Gland: IUCN. 1983. 632 p.
10. .., ..
. .
. 2001. 148 .
11. .., .. .
.: . 1985. 176 .
12. Yablokov A.V., Ostroumov S.A. Conservation of Living Nature
and Resources: Problems, Trends and Prospects. Berlin et al.: SpringerVerlag. 1991. 272 p.
13. .. // 2000. . 372. 2. . 279-282.
14. .. // . 2000, . 374, 3. .427- 429.
15. .. // 2002. . 382. 1. . 138-141.

10

. 1.
- ( , . [5, 7]).

(Bay of Brest)

(Oosterschelde),

2.8
3.7

Wadden Sea

5.8

,
Wadden

Sea

2.1
0.3-10

1 2 , 3

1 2 , 3

1-10

11

. 2.

[ 7 ]

Unio tumidus

1, 50 /

112.2 186.7

Mytilus

2, 20 /

127.7- 276.4

Crassostrea gigas

3, 30 /

153.2 10800

Crassostrea gigas

4, 20 /

153.4 261.7

Crassostrea gigas

5, 1 /

121.0 - 200

galloprovincialis

.
(. [7]). 1 ; 2
- IXI;

-;

-Lanza;

-.

12

. 3.
(
)
(


)
1

.
2




[2-7,
13-15].
3




(.

)
4

(


,
),



(. [15])

5





(
;
)

13

 SciPeople
(2009).
, ,
.
,
, -
()
(..
).
, ,

(). , 2009
, ,
()
Daphnia magna, , ..

[16].

, [17],

(2007),

.. [18].
[19],
[

20 ].

. ,

[21, 22].
[23].

 ,
.
:
http ://scipeople.ru /users/2943391/
http ://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsa/

:
16. .., .. :
// . 2009,
. 425, No. 2, . 271272.
17. .. ,
[= Pollution, self-purification and restoration of aquatic ecosystems]. .: .
2005. 100 . ISBN 5-317-01213-9.
18. .., .., ..
. . .: . . . ,
. . : , 2005.
100 . // - 2007 . 43, 6 - . 111- 113.
19. Ostroumov S.A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca
Raton, London, New York. 2006. 279 p.
20. .. . : Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor &
Francis. Boca Raton, London, New York. 2006. 279 p. //
, 2009, 2, .40.
21 .., . (Widdows J.).
- : //
. .16. . 2004. 4. . 38 - 41. [
0.3 5 / -
Mytilus edulis M. galloprovincialis
].
22. Ostroumov S.A., Widdows J. Inhibition of mussel suspension feeding by surfactants of
three classes. // Hydrobiologia. 2006. Vol. 556, No. 1. P. 381 386. [Effects of SDS,
TDTMA, and Triton X-100 on M. edulis and M. edulis / M. galloprovincialis. Effects of
three surfactants on the filtration rates by marine mussels were studied. The xenobiotics
tested represented anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants
(tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, a representative of a class of cationic
2

surfactants; sodium dodecyl sulphate, a representative of anionic alkyl sulfates; and

Triton X-100, a representative of non-ionic hydroxyethylated alkyl phenols). All three
surfactants inhibited the clearance rates. The significance of the results for the ecology of
marine ecosystems is discussed].
23. . .
. . -. 2008. 200 . ISBN 978-5-317-02625-7.