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Most of the countries in the Middle East account f or the highest pollution rates in the world. Pakistan is the third most polluted countries in the world and one of the countries with the highest levels of air pollution caused by cars with 11,000 vehicles per hour on the roads. T he United Arab Emirates is also one of the most polluted countries in the world where 42% of the air pollution comes f rom cars. In Saudi Arabia, vehicle exhaust is responsible f or 50% of hydrocarbon pollution in the air. Further, 80% of the air pollution in Iran is caused by 3.5 million cars in Tehran alone. In Af rican countries, Senegal has one of the highest levels of car exhaust pollution in the world. 85% of the cars are old, ranging f rom 15-20 years where 40% have diesel engines. Also, in Cairo, Egypt alone which has 2.1 million vehicles as of 2007, 300,000 motorbikes release 150,000 tons of pollution every year. In addition, 95% of the two-stroke motorbikes emit hydrocarbons equivalent to emissions of f rom 10-15 gasoline-operated cars.
neural tube def ects or premature births. Aside f rom its harmf ul ef f ects on humans, car pollution also af f ects the environment. T he gases coming out f rom cars contribute to global warming. It can also be deposited on the soil and water surf aces, thus entering the f ood chain. As a result, these pollutants af f ect the reproductive, respiratory, immune and neurological systems of the animals. Another harmf ul ef f ect on the environment is that nitrogen oxide and sulf ur oxide f rom automobiles are major contributors to acid rain, which in ef f ect changes the pH level of the water and soils that can harm the organisms. Apart f rom this, vehicle emissions can af f ect the ozone layer when chlorine or bromine-heavy substances are being released. T he ozone layer helps protect the Earth f rom the suns ultraviolet rays and through these pollutants, ozone layer can be depleted thereby reducing protection against the sun.