Art Activities for Groups: Providing Therapy, Fun, and Function
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About this ebook
Art Activities for Groups: Providing Therapy, Fun, and Function provides therapists and activities professionals with 48 interesting and innovative art activities for populations with different cognitive levels and physical abilities. The projects involve the use of several different media including: collage, paint, and drawing. Suggestions include how best to facilitate the activity, including the use of music and verbal clues, creating social interaction and personal enjoyment. The activities are most appropriate for groups of seniors, groups of children and youth (3rd grade on up), and therapy or counseling groups of any age dealing with the specific issues covered by the activity.
What makes Art Activities for Groups useful is that the activities have been tested with different types of groups. Each activity includes an introduction detailing the best size of the group, the functioning ability required of the group, and the time needed to complete the project. Helpful suggestions give directions for facilitating the activity, assembling the materials, and preparation needed prior to beginning each project.
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Book preview
Art Activities for Groups - Diane Fausek-Steinbach
Chapter One. Introduction
Benefits of Art as an Activity
The use of art processes as part of a group is beneficial for many reasons. It presents all populations with challenges in both the physical realm and the psychological realm. It allows the participant to internalize a concept, apply it to his or her own unique self, and to create a concrete expression of that process. This system of thought applies to all of your clients, from lowest to highest functioning, and even to you, yourself. Some of the basic goals and benefits of art as therapy are as follows:
Physical: Fine and gross motor skills are challenged. Clients with physical disabilities, paralysis, joint limitations, or shakiness due to disease process are challenged to complete a task with or without assistance. They may be asked to stretch farther, to use adaptive equipment to overcome, or to embrace their shaky lines as part of their own style.
Clients with higher-level physical functioning may be challenged differently in regards to motor skills. They may be asked to assist another, or to work as part of a group, stretching to blend a mural, manipulating a thin thread around a tree limb, or by using their own bodies as part of a living artwork.
Psychological: For clients with cognitive impairments, tasks involving color identification, following directions, and reminiscence are a challenge. The group leader may learn valuable information about the clients during a simple collage process that s/he may be able to share with other service providers, such as gauging levels of confusion and suggesting ways to reinforce reality orientation.
For a general population, a client is asked to self-evaluate, reflect on personality traits, goals, negative behaviors, and relationships. Art activities provide an opportunity to look at ourselves, and to see a self-portrait in many different forms: fabric collage, abstract watercolor paintings, anything we touch with a pencil or paintbrush.
The pairing of artist and art media, which is anything used in the process of creating, e.g., paint, clay, paper, nature objects, etc., is a very satisfying venture. The physical act of making art is therapeutic in and of itself. The irregular rhythm of paintbrush to paint, paint to canvas can hypnotize us, allowing us to put aside the internal dialogue we hear daylong and to lose ourselves in the creative process. The act of wedging clay, the systematic thud of clay on a board, kneading it back and forth as you would bread dough, can release stress and anxiety. Finger painting to music, feeling the wet, cool paint on the smooth surface while following a melody all leads us down a road of relaxation and timelessness.
As a therapist or activity leader, you are often faced with less than supportive comments about art programs and the resulting artwork. Remember that in art, as in life, it is the journey, not the destination, that brings us the most wealth.
Finding Your Inspiration
Creating meaningful and unique art experiences for your clients is a challenging and time consuming job, however, joining art media to issues of your population is really easier than you think.
Artists, art teachers, and art therapists are all offered a wide array of products to boost individual creativity. A stroll through your nearby fine arts supply or craft store may inspire many thoughts about how today’s products can assist you in addressing your clients’ needs. Products such as blank puzzles, blank playing cards, and blank rulers are some of the new products used in a few of the processes in this book. Using some of these products excites the artist because it offers new opportunity for theme related art imaging. It breaks the artist out of the mold of draw or paint
and challenges ideas about what self-expression can be.
Traditional art media cannot be overlooked either! They, by their very nature of fluidity, texture, and color, can be used to inspire your clients to express themselves.
A trip through your supply cabinet or a flip through the pages of an art supply catalog is a great place to come up with inspiration.
How to Connect Media to Artists
In order to best help your clients successfully use art materials, you must look both at the nature of the materials and the nature of the artist. Find out what the artists’ issues are and pair them with a medium that will either challenge them or let them feel safe, whichever is appropriate. For example, watercolor paints by their nature are fluid, unpredictable, colorfully intense, or obscure. They are hard to control for some, and require fast application.
How does that relate to your population? If your clients are confused, frightened by change, and have control issues, watercolor paints may be frustrating to them. They would be faced with the difficulty of trying to control something uncontrollable. If you want to challenge their abilities to let go
and be spontaneous, perhaps an abstract watercolor-to-music process would be appropriate. If you want to focus on their issues of control and offer them a safe haven from a changing world around them, watercolors would not be a good medium.
Familiarity is also a good place to begin a challenge to your clients. Take a familiar object, story, or material, and add a twist. The Cards You Are Dealt
process begins with a familiar object — a deck of cards — and then challenges the artist to put his/her own creativity to the test. Since the materials are familiar and easy to handle and manipulate, the artist is free to spend his/her time thinking and creating, instead of worrying about the unpredictability of the next 45 minutes.
Here is a general guide to media and client connections:
Watercolor paints
Nature: Fluid, unpredictable, hard to control, fast moving
Issues: High-level clients with control issues to challenge, low-level clients for sensory stimulation
Fabrics
Nature: Familiar, textural, patterned
Issues: Great for the client who is confused, very recognizable and easy to relate to. Must be precut or prepared
Drawing pastels
Nature:
Chalks — can get intense colors on dark backgrounds, smudgy — good for blending colors or creating abstract art
Oil Pastels — vibrant colors, easier application, creamy oil texture for blending, more of a fine-arts feel
Issues: Do not use with clients who are perfectionists and easily discouraged. The smudging can be very frustrating for some. Good to use with all high-level clients due to its ease of use and the fine quality results. Low-level clients may find it takes too much time to cover areas with color.
Clay — handbuilding
Nature: Cold, stiff, must be handled with some knowledge of the medium, may have product loss through breakage in kiln, cracking as it dries
Issues: High-level clients who may not be spontaneous and like to be precise in the making of an art form. Must spend ample time teaching and learning the basics of clay work
Thinking Adaptations
When preparing a lesson plan for your group, think about the individuals and any special needs they may have. Always make sure that everyone in the group can do the process and create adaptations or adaptive equipment if needed.
For members of the group who have the use of only one hand or have problems with materials moving on them while they work, make small weight bags using sand or metal washers, covered in fabric. Think about raising the table with blocks of wood with a groove cut for the table leg for people in wheelchairs or Geri chairs. Precut materials if using scissors is difficult for your clients, making sure to offer enough variety of sizes and shapes. Try out your process before group time, look for possible frustrations, and come up with solutions before your clients have problems. Being quick with a fix alleviates the nervousness one might feel due to needing special help. When you have a complicated process in mind, recruit some volunteers or students to help each member along the way.
Getting Materials for Free
Art departments tend to get a variety of items donated by concerned and helpful family members and staff. Now I will tell you how to get the things you want for free! For fabrics, patterned and otherwise, develop a relationship with your local interior design or upholstery store. Go there in person, introduce yourself, explain a little about what you do and who you work for, and ask for any outdated sample books or end of bolt remnants they might have. Leave your name and number for them to call you when they have some for you to pick up and never turn it down no matter how much you may have accumulated. Share your wealth with art departments in other institutions. Art supply stores are sometimes willing to part with slightly damaged matte boards or papers, and again, meeting your new contact personally makes all the difference. If they can put a face, a name, and a good cause together you will indeed benefit from their generosity. Mention your ability to give them a public thank you with your displayed artwork. Your family members and staff are all possible customers for this business and will more likely go to a business they recognize as being a caring neighbor.
Using this Book with Clients
Finally, you are ready to proceed into a collection of tried and true art processes. Each process explains what population it may be best for, and any materials and adaptations needed. Read through the whole process before bringing it to your group to make sure it is appropriate for the member’s nature.
Art is a powerful tool and