North Indian Proverbs (Folklore History Series)
By R. C. Temple
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North Indian Proverbs (Folklore History Series) - R. C. Temple
NORTH INDIAN PROVERBS.
BY CAPT. R. C. TEMPLE.
WHEN I was asked to undertake the editing of Dr. Fallon’s posthumous work, A Dictionary of Hindustání Proverbs, I found that the work was practically compiled, and so far complete that I did not feel justified in adding to it. In the edition therefore under publication. I have merely contented myself with testing each rendering, a work which has involved the retranslation of nearly every proverb in this huge collection. Dr. Fallon, though unrivalled as a collector, was a bad translator; and, a is well known, persisted in his style of translation against all advice. A proverb of course is only really understood by a native; and, as its application is often merely arbitrary, or at best a selection out of many possible applications, it would be folly to work out renderings without the aid of natives; so in editing the Hindustání Proverbs I am working with two separate sets of munshís (literate natives), living apart in Dehlí and Ambálá, so that I get renderings which I can test one against the other; and it is astonishing to find how often the munshís differ among themselves as to the right sense of a proverb. One proverb suggests another, so I am constantly picking up through my munshís new ones not to be found in Fallon’s Dictionary, or important variants of those he gives. I think the best course, for the present at any rate, is to publish these in this journal, and so I send an instalment, and will send more as the work progresses from time to time. I am sending about 400 now, and this may sound a great number to have escaped Fallon, but bis collection numbers over 12,000; and the fact is that proverbs in India are so numerous, and their variants so many and so constantly in use, that it is not at all likely that Fallon’s collection is anything approaching to completeness.
In his term Hindustání Proverbs, as in his Hindustání Dictionary, Fallon uses the word Hindustání in its widest application. Properly speaking, Hindustání or Urdú was the language which arose as a lingua franca on the irruption of the Muhammadans into India, and is in fact an Arabico-Persianised form of the bháshá or speech of the people, i.e. of Hindí. Urdú is still