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    Power Electronics Applied to Industrial Systems and Transports, Volume 3: Switching Power Supplies
    Power Electronics Applied to Industrial Systems and Transports, Volume 3: Switching Power Supplies
    Power Electronics Applied to Industrial Systems and Transports, Volume 3: Switching Power Supplies
    Ebook227 pages1 hour

    Power Electronics Applied to Industrial Systems and Transports, Volume 3: Switching Power Supplies

    By Nicolas Patin

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    About this ebook

    Some power electronic converters are specifically designed to power equipment under a smoothed DC voltage. Therefore, the filtering part necessarily involves the use of auxiliary passive components (inductors and capacitors). This book deals with technical aspects such as classical separation between isolated and non-isolated power supplies, and soft switching through a special converter. It addresses the problem of regulating the output voltage of the switching power supplies in terms of modeling and obtaining transfer of SMPS functions.

    Power Electronics for Industry and Transport, Volume 3,     offers a case study of an isolated flyback power which the complete design is presented: the active and passive components are sized based on the specifications initially set. Particular attention is given to the converter output capacitors and all the surrounding organs.
    • Introducing Essential notions in power electronics from both the theoretical and technological perspectives
    • Detailed chapters with a focus on switch-mode power supplies, another key area in which power electronics is used is in the supply of energy to a variety of electronic equipment for signal and information processing
    • Presented from a user's perspective to enable you to apply the theory of power electronics to practical applications
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherElsevier Science
    Release dateMay 7, 2015
    ISBN9780081004623
    Power Electronics Applied to Industrial Systems and Transports, Volume 3: Switching Power Supplies
    Author

    Nicolas Patin

    Nicolas Patin's research activities are based around PWM inverter circuits (electric and hybrid vehicles) and the aging of electrolytic capacitors.

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      Book preview

      Power Electronics Applied to Industrial Systems and Transports, Volume 3 - Nicolas Patin

      Power Electronics Applied to Industrial Systems and Transports

      Volume 3 Switching Power Supplies

      Nicolas Patin

      Table of Contents

      Cover image

      Title page

      Copyright page

      Preface

      1: Non-Isolated Switch-Mode Power Supplies

      Abstract

      1.1 Buck converters

      1.2 Dimensioning a ferrite core inductance

      1.3 Boost converters

      1.4 Buck-boost converters

      2: Isolated Converters

      Abstract

      2.1 Forward converters

      2.2 Flyback converters

      2.3 Dimensioning a flyback transformer

      2.4 Dimensioning a forward transformer

      2.5 Snubbers

      3: Resonant Converters and Soft Switching

      Abstract

      3.1 Soft switching

      3.2 Study of a resonant inverter

      3.3 Study of the full converter

      4: Converter Modeling for Control

      Abstract

      4.1 Principles

      4.2 Continuous conduction modeling

      4.3 Discontinuous conduction modeling

      4.4 PWM control modeling and global modeling for control

      4.5 General block diagram of a voltage-regulated power supply

      5: Case Study – the Flyback Power Supply

      Abstract

      5.1 Specification

      5.2 Dimensioning switches

      5.3 Calculation of passive components

      5.4 Dimensioning coupled inductances

      5.5 Transistor control and snubber calculation

      5.6 PWM control and regulation

      Appendix 1: Formulas for Electrical Engineering and Electromagnetism

      A1.1 Sinusoidal quantities

      A1.2 General characteristics of signals in electrical engineering

      A1.3 Energy and power

      A1.4 Mathematics for electromagnetism

      Appendix 2: Technical Documentation for Components

      A2.1 MOSFET power transistor

      A2.2 Schottky diode

      A2.3 MOSFET power transistor driver

      Bibliography

      Index

      Copyright

      First published 2015 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Press Ltd and Elsevier Ltd

      Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

      ISTE Press Ltd

      27-37 St George’s Road

      London SW19 4EU

      UK

      www.iste.co.uk

      Elsevier Ltd

      The Boulevard, Langford Lane

      Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB

      UK

      www.elsevier.com

      Notices

      Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

      Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

      To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

      For information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at http://store.elsevier.com/

      © ISTE Press Ltd 2015

      The rights of Nicolas Patin to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

      British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

      A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

      Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

      A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

      ISBN 978-1-78548-002-7

      Printed and bound in the UK and US

      Preface

      Volume 3 of this series deals with a specific category of converters for power electronics in the form of switch-mode power supplies. The main function of these components is to provide a continuous voltage to a load, smoothed by filtering elements (and sometimes regulated). In many cases, this requires a high-quality voltage supply (e.g. for electronic chips including components such as microprocessors) to guarantee successful operation. In this context, linear power supplies (ballast type) are often used, but switch-mode supplies are increasingly widespread, allowing high efficiency, and potentially improving the battery life of mobile equipment, for instance, alongside a reduction in the size of cooling elements and/or component heating.

      Two main families of switch-mode power supplies will be considered in this volume: non-isolated power supplies (buck, boost and buck-boost) will be covered in Chapter 1, while Chapter 2 will cover isolated power supplies (flyback and forward). The list of structures presented does not provide exhaustive coverage of topologies found in publications on the subject, but it covers most requirements and includes most of the solutions used in industrial contexts. Note, however, that all of these converters operate using hard switching (i.e. with significant switching losses). This means that frequency increases are difficult, or impossible, preventing the miniaturization of passive components used in filtering. To overcome this difficulty, some converter topologies use the resonant behavior of LC-type cells, generating a considerable reduction in losses by carrying out soft zero voltage switching (ZVS) or zero current switching (ZCS). These converters will be presented in Chapter 3, based on a structure using a resonant inverter associated with a rectifier. The regulation issue mentioned above belongs to the field of automatics (and lies outside the scope of this book), but proportional integral (PI) regulator tuning approaches (for closed-loop control) generally pass through a modeling stage. Chapter 4 presents Middlebrook’s approach for average modeling of switch-mode power supplies, which is used to define converter transfer functions. This method will be applied to non-isolated power supplies in order to establish models for continuous conduction mode. We will simply describe the models used in discontinuous mode, which are more difficult to obtain. In conclusion to this volume, we will present a case study of the detailed design and dimensioning of a flyback power supply, including the choice of power components (e.g. transistor, diodes, coupled inductances and capacitors) and control elements (e.g. metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) gate driver, isolated voltage and current measurements) connected to a microcontroller.

      This volume also includes two appendices. Appendix 1 provides general formulas for electrical engineering (and is identical to that included in previous volumes). Appendix 2 supplies the full data sheets for key components of the flyback power supply studied in Chapter 5.

      Nicolas Patin, Compiègne, France, February 2015

      1

      Non-Isolated Switch-Mode Power Supplies

      Abstract

      The buck converter is a single-quadrant chopper, as studied in Chapter 1 of Volume 2 [PAT 15b]. The load is made up of an inductance L in series with the association of the actual load (presumed to be a current source Is) in parallel with a filtering capacitor C. In these conditions, for a correctly dimensioned power supply, the assembly (Is,C) may be considered to be analogous to the electromotive force (e.m.f.) Ea of a direct current (DC) machine, and the inductance L may be considered to play the same role as the armature inductance in the machine.

      Keywords

      Boost converters

      Buck converters

      Critical conduction point

      FeSi core

      Forward isolated power supply

      Inductive storage chopper

      Power factor correctors (PFCs)

      1.1 Buck converters

      The buck converter is a single-quadrant chopper, as studied in Chapter 1 of Volume 2 [PAT 15b]. The load is made up of an inductance L in series with the association of the actual load (presumed to be a current source Is) in parallel with a filtering capacitor C (see Figure 1.1).

      Figure 1.1 Diagram of a buck converter

      In these conditions, for a correctly dimensioned power supply, the assembly (Is,C) may be considered to be analogous to the electromotive force (e.m.f.) Ea of a direct current (DC) machine, and the inductance L may be considered to play the same role as the armature inductance in the machine. Consequently, the results established in Chapter 1 of Volume 2 [is obtained, where α is the

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