5 Minute History Great Battles
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5 Minute History Great Battles - Scott Addington
CONTENTS
Title
Introduction
Mons
The First Battle of the Marne
The Battle of Tannenberg
The First Battle of Ypres
Neuve Chapelle
Gallipoli
Loos
Jutland
Verdun
The Somme
The Brusilov Offensive
The Battle of Messines Ridge and Third Ypres
Cambrai
Kaiserschlacht
The Battle of Amiens
Bibliography
Copyright
INTRODUCTION
THE FIRST WORLD War lasted for four years, four months and fourteen days, and accounted for over 35 million casualties, almost half of which died; indeed, 230 soldiers perished every hour of the conflict over those four-and-a-bit years. The attrition rate was, and still is, truly astounding.
For a soldier in the front-line trenches, there was a continual fight with the enemy, even if there was no official battle or ‘big push’ raging. Trench raids, snipers, grenades and, of course, the shelling from enemy artillery caused front-line soldiers on both sides to be in almost constant danger. If this wasn’t enough, on top of these daily terrors there were numerous large-scale offensives that have gone down in history as some of the most destructive and bloodiest battles ever waged.
As well as the huge loss of life, these battles are important due to their use of new technology. This was a time when the science of warfare was developing fast; poison gas, underground mines, grenades, mobile flame-throwers, tanks, advances in artillery tactics and the use of the air force for integrated air and ground offensives were all refined on the battlefields of the First World War. It was also when warfare reached beyond the professional soldier. Millions of ordinary men from all over Europe signed up to fight for their country. Even today the newspapers and online communities are full of newly discovered family heroes and their stories, and more often than not, this story involves one of the major battles such as Mons, Loos, the Somme or Passchendaele.
In trying to describe these battles for this 5 Minute History I have tried to be as succinct as possible without losing sight of the main points for the reader. I have also included a few interesting facts to add a bit of context, plus, with the inclusion of several eyewitness accounts, I have tried to inject a personal touch to these enormous battles. These are particularly fascinating and I have been moved when piecing them all together!
I hope you enjoy this brief overview of some of the most pivotal battles of the First World War and I hope it inspires you to read some of the brilliant in-depth accounts of these clashes that can be found both online and in physical bookshops.
SMA
Spring 2014
MONS
JUST A MATTER of weeks after declaring war on Germany, 80,000 members of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) along with 30,000 horses and 315 guns of assorted size and calibre had landed in France and were marching straight towards the enemy who were passing through Belgium on their way to Paris.
It was on 22 August 1914 that the British got their first glimpse of a German soldier. During a routine reconnaissance patrol four enemy cavalrymen of the 2nd Cuirassiers were spotted by a forward patrol of the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, who immediately gave chase and opened fire. Captain Hornby of 1st Troop led his men in the pursuit and charged the Germans, killing several. He returned with his sword presented, revealing German blood.
DID YOU KNOW?
Four Victoria Crosses were won during the first day of fighting at Mons. They were awarded to Lieutenant M.J. Dease, Private S.F. Godley, Captain T. Wright and Corporal C.A. Jarvis.
Meanwhile, to the rear, the rest of the British Expeditionary Force decided to entrench roughly along a loose line at the Mons-Conde canal. They didn’t really know how many Germans were on the other side of the waterway, but they would find out soon enough. Less than