Reducing Disaster Risk by Managing Urban Land Use: Guidance Notes for Planners
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Reducing Disaster Risk by Managing Urban Land Use - Asian Development Bank
REDUCING DISASTER RISK BY MANAGING URBAN LAND USE
Guidance Notes for Planners
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)
© 2016 Asian Development Bank
6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines
Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444
www.adb.org; openaccess.adb.org
Some rights reserved. Published in 2016.
Printed in the Philippines.
ISBN 978-92-9257-475-8 (Print), 978-92-9257-476-5 (e-ISBN)
Publication Stock No. TIM167940-2
Cataloging-In-Publication Data
Asian Development Bank.
Reducing disaster risk by managing urban land use: Guidance notes for planners.
Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2016.
1. Disaster risk reduction. 2. Urban development. 3. Land use management. I. Asian Development Bank.
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CONTENTS
FIGURES, TABLES, AND BOXES
FIGURES
TABLES
BOXES
PHOTO: ADB
FOREWORD
Urban areas in Asian countries continue to face significant disaster risk. While this is partly due to the interplay of economic and physical geography which has resulted in many Asian cities being located in natural hazard-prone areas, such as coasts and riverbeds, it is the rapid unplanned growth of cities—the alterations in the land use pattern; the location and choice of infrastructure, businesses, and housing, which is further increasing the exposure and vulnerability of urban populations and their physical assets to natural hazards. With the changing intensity and, in some cases, frequency of hazards with climate change, it is expected that urban areas in Asia will continue to be impacted by extreme events.
However, this need not be the case. The current trend of growing disaster risk in Asian cities can be reduced, halted, and even reversed, by adopting urban land use management processes, which provide opportunities to better understand how natural hazards in and around urban areas interact with existing and future urban growth patterns and the types of investments that can be undertaken to promote development in a risk-sensitive manner. While many land use management processes—land use planning, development control instruments, greenfield development, and urban redevelopment—are well established in most Asian cities, there remain large gaps in implementation. With large investments in infrastructure and services expected over the next several decades in Asian cities and the potential that land use management processes bring in reducing and/or at least limiting disaster risk, practicing risk-sensitive land use management has become more important than ever.
Reducing disaster risk through urban land use management processes requires long-term systemic thinking. It requires inputs from various disciplines and across different stakeholders; and, above all, it requires a good understanding of the land’s natural, socioeconomic, and political dimensions. Urban planners with their proficiency in land use management and understanding of complex political economy are a unique resource. While institutionalization of urban planning as a profession within the larger process of city management remains uneven in Asian countries, greater effort is needed to strengthen a city’s overall planning capacity so that important functions related to risk-sensitive development can be fully discharged. In cases, where such capacity exists—either at the city or national level or within national planning agencies—the urban planners as a professional group needs to step up and embrace disaster risk reduction and utilize the land use management-related tools at their disposal to reduce disaster risk, and contribute to strengthening urban resilience and sustainable urban development.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was prepared under the regional technical assistance project Addressing Disaster Risk through Improved Indicators and Land Use Management (TA7929-REG) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Project implementation was overseen by Preety Bhandari, director, Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management Division (SDCD), concurrently technical advisor (Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management); managed by Arghya Sinha Roy, disaster risk management specialist (Climate Change Adaptation), SDCD; with support from Mary Jane V. David, senior public management officer (Disaster Risk Management), SDCD and Grendel J. Saldevar-Perez, operations assistant, SDCD.
The project team at ADB would like to extend its appreciation to the officials and stakeholders from the three cities which were selected as case studies under the project—Da Nang in Viet Nam, Kathmandu Valley in Nepal, and Naga City in the Philippines.