Galleria Borghese: Visitor's Guide
By Anna Coliva
()
About this ebook
The guide is richly illustrated with carefully selected colour photographs of the masterpieces in the gallery, each of which is accompanied by a short explanatory text designed to be read while standing before the selected work.
This is the first guide to include the artworks in the Gallery’s lovely Storerooms (admission by booking in advance), giving visitors the opportunity to extend their visit beyond the twenty rooms of the Museum.
The cover flaps contain the museum plans, which can be unfolded for easy consultation.
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Book preview
Galleria Borghese - Anna Coliva
GALLERIA
BORGHESE
VISITOR’S GUIDE
BASEMENT
ENTRANCE HALL, RECEPTION, AND AMENITIES
GROUND FLOOR
SCULPTURES
FIRST FLOOR
PICTURE GALLERY
SECOND FLOOR
STOREROOMS
GALLERIA
BORGHESE
VISITOR'S GUIDE
by Anna Coliva
© 2019 Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali,
Galleria Borghese and Anna Coliva
(All rights reserved)
EBOOK ISBN 978-88-98302-58-1
Printed in Italy
Publisher
Gebart S.p.A.
Via Prenestina 683 – 00155 Rome
Tel. 06 2285442 – Fax 06 22754229
www.gebart.it
Editor-in-chief
Stefania Spirito
Bibliographical research, illustrations and editing
Sofia Barchiesi
Graphic design
Sebastiano Girardi Studio
Layout
Berardi Design
Translation
Oona Smyth
Photolithography
Miligraf S.r.l, Roma
Printing
Arti Grafiche Picene S.r.l., Pomezia (Rome)
Photographic credits
© 2019 Courtesy of Ministero
per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Galleria Borghese
Although every effort has been made to identify sources of images used, copyright holders are invited to contact the publisher relative to eventual omissions.
Acknowledgements
The publisher would like to thank Lia di Giacomo and Maria Castellino from the Archivio iconografico del Polo Museale del Lazio; Geraldine Leandri and Maria Giovan- na Sardi, MiBAC art historians and all of the Museum’s security staff.
Cover illustration
Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Apollo and Daphne,
1622/1625, Room of Apollo and Daphne (Room III),
Galleria Borghese, Rome
Facing title page
Room of the Sun (Room II),
Galleria Borghese, Rome
CONTENTS
ROOMS
INTRODUCTION
GROUND FLOOR
P Portico
H Hall of Mariano Rossi
I Room of the Vase
II Room of the Sun
III Room of Apollo and Daphne
C Chapel
IV Gallery of the Emperors
V Room of the Hermaphrodite
VI Room of the Gladiator
VII The Egyptian Room
VIII Room of Silenus
FIRST FLOOR / PICTURE GALLERY
EH Entrance Hall
IX Room of the Three Graces
X Room of Sleep
XI Small Gallery
XII Room of the Bacchanti
XIII Room of Fame
XIV Gallery of Lanfranco
XV Room of Aurora
PS Passageway
XVI Room of Flora
XVII Room of the Count of Angers
XVIII Room of Jupiter and Antiope
XIX Room of Helen and Paris
XX Room of the Centaur
SECOND FLOOR / STOREROOMS
Storerooms
APPENDIX
Essential bibliography
Index of names
PICTURE GALLERY
INTRODUCTION
The Galleria Borghese, originally known as the Villa outside Porta Pinciana
, was built for Scipione Caffarelli Borghese (1577-1633). Con- struction began in 1607 and by 1616, the villa was completed and all of the collections installed. The façade alone featured one hundred and forty-four bas-reliefs, seventy busts and an exquisite embellishment, which is itself a work of art, as can be seen in the lovely painting by Johann Wilhem Baur on display on the second floor of the museum.
The fortune required to complete such an ambitious project and assemble a collection held to be one of the most beautiful in the world came to Scipione by virtue of being the nephew of Pope Paul V, who was elected to the papal throne on 16 May 1605; soon after his election (in July), the pope conferred a cardinalship upon Scipio- ne, who thus obtained all the stipends – and powers – that this of- fice entitled him to. These privileges were not the fruit of a personal whim but connected to the complex phenomenon of nepotism. By the time of Sixtus V, this practice was a consolidated tradition assign- ing clearly defined political and cultural functions to the pope’s car- dinal-nephew. Rome was a complete anomaly in having an elective rather than a hereditary absolute monarchy, meaning that it had to create its own heir to whom sovereign power could be transmitted, taking swift steps to concentrate wealth and power in this figure.
Every new pope needed to erect residences worthy of his rank as sovereign that would be filled with collections, the true instruments of power.
The Villa Borghese was as idiosyncratic as its owner, evoking Sci- pione’s personal tastes as well as displaying his power. Its unique his- tory stems from its origins as a building fulfilling a sole function, not as a dwelling but as a showplace designed to hold collections, distinguishing it from all other contemporary models of building. It adopted a completely new concept, that of a museum showcasing collections that required none of the comfort and luxury necessary for residential or representational purposes. In fact, it was never pro- vided with apartments, only rooms and galleries designed to display or stage the collection. Even the furnishings complied with these thematic and compositional requirements, and were designed as part of an artistic rather than a residential setting. Unlike other magnifi- cent 16th- and 17th-century palaces, the villa was never provided with a Statue
or Picture Gallery
because the works in its holdings were on display in every single room. Masterpieces of antique statuary fol- lowed by large-scale sculpture groups by Bernini were set up in rooms that were then named after them: the Room of the Vase, the Room of the Hermaphrodite and so on, as they are still known today.
Modern visitors can still perceive this, feeling all the power of a place deriving not only from the extraordinary masterpieces that can be admired there but also from the supreme harmony that conceals a complex underlying idea determined by beauty, by the transfigurative power of the myth embodied in the countless stories and seductive fables narrated through the painted and sculpted figures that still en- chant us today.
It was clear from the start that this was a place created to bring together but also to produce works of art like the ones that Scipione commissioned from contemporary artists. In fact, Villa Borghese had its own printed museum guide, the first of its kind, written by Jaco- mo Manilli, the Guardarobba (1650) or custodian of the Villa.
The idea of a museum ante litteram was clearly perceived within the Borghese family at the time and by their later descendants. In 1770, when Marcantonio IV (1730-1800) and his brilliant architect Antonio Asprucci (1723-1808) completely renovated the villa’s decorative schemes, they moved the masterpieces of sculpture, whether antique works or ‘modern’ creations by Bernini, to the centre of their rooms, raising them up on high pedestals, yet again anticipating what would become the standard display arrangements in that new inven- tion of modern culture: the museum. This was a place extending its continuity into the real theatre of human life for guests, visitors, and curious travellers for whom antiquity and myth were tangible