Mediating the Uprising: Narratives of Gender and Marriage in Syrian Television Drama
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While for some screenwriters a return to pre-2011 life would be welcome after so much bloodshed, others advocated profound cultural and social transformation, instead. They employed marriage and gender metaphors in the stories they wrote to engage in political critique, even at the risk of creating marketing difficulties for the shows or they created escapist stories such as transnational adaptations and Old Damascus tales. Serving as heritage preservation, Mediating the Uprising underscores that television drama creators in Syria have many ways of engaging in protest, with gender and marriage at the heart of the polemic.
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Mediating the Uprising - Rebecca Joubin
Mediating the Uprising
The Politics of Marriage and Gender: Global Issues in Local Contexts
Series Editor: Péter Berta
The Politics of Marriage and Gender: Global Issues in Local Contexts series from Rutgers University Press fills a gap in research by examining the politics of marriage and related practices, ideologies, and interpretations, and addresses the key question of how the politics of marriage has affected social, cultural, and political processes, relations, and boundaries. The series looks at the complex relationships between the politics of marriage and gender, ethnic, national, religious, racial, and class identities, and analyzes how these relationships contribute to the development and management of social and political differences, inequalities, and conflicts.
Joanne Payton, Honor and the Political Economy of Marriage: Violence against Women in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Rama Srinivasan, Courting Desire: Litigating for Love in North India
Hui Liu, Corinne Reczek, and Lindsey Wilkinson, eds., Marriage and Health: The Well-Being of Same-Sex Couples
Sara Smith, Intimate Geopolitics: Love, Territory, and the Future on India’s Northern Threshold
Rebecca Joubin, Mediating the Uprising: Narratives of Gender and Marriage in Syrian Television Drama
Mediating the Uprising
Narratives of Gender and Marriage in Syrian Television Drama
REBECCA JOUBIN
RUTGERS UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW BRUNSWICK, CAMDEN, AND NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, AND LONDON
LCCN: 2019030611
A British Cataloging-in-Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright © 2020 by Rebecca Joubin
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Please contact Rutgers University Press, 106 Somerset Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. The only exception to this prohibition is fair use
as defined by U.S. copyright law.
The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992.
www.rutgersuniversitypress.org
Manufactured in the United States of America
For my daughter, Jana
CONTENTS
Series Foreword by Péter Berta
List of Abbreviations
Note on Transliteration
Chronology of the Syrian Uprising
Introduction: New Directions in Television Drama amid an Uprising
1Mediating the Uprising
2Sociopolitical Satire in the Multiyear Syrian Sketch SeriesBuq‘at Daw’(Spotlight): Artistic Resistance via Gender and Marriage Metaphors, 2001–2019
3The Rise and Fall of theQabaday(Tough Man): (De)constructing Fatherhood as Political Protest
4The Politics of Love and Desire in Post-Uprising Syrian and Transnational Arab Television Drama
5The Politics of Queer Representations in Syrian Television Drama Past and Present
Conclusion
Appendix A: Miniseries for Ramadan, 2011–2018
Appendix B: Percentages of Miniseries, 2011–2018
Appendix C: Miniseries for Ramadan, 2019
Appendix D: Percentages of Miniseries, 2019
Acknowledgments
Notes
Bibliography
Filmography
Index
SERIES FOREWORD
The politics of marriage (and divorce) is an often-used strategic tool in various social, cultural, economic, and political identity projects as well as in symbolic conflicts between ethnic, national, or religious communities. Despite having multiple strategic applicabilities, pervasiveness in everyday life, and huge significance in performing and managing identities, the politics of marriage is surprisingly underrepresented both in the international book publishing market and in the social sciences.
The Politics of Marriage and Gender: Global Issues in Local Contexts is a series from Rutgers University Press examining the politics of marriage as a phenomenon embedded in and intensely interacting with much broader social, cultural, economic, and political processes and practices such as globalization; transnationalization; international migration; human trafficking; vertical social mobility; the creation of symbolic boundaries between ethnic populations, nations, religious denominations, or classes; family formation; and struggles for women’s and children’s rights. The series primarily aims to analyze practices, ideologies, and interpretations related to the politics of marriage and to outline the dynamics and diversity of relatedness—interplay and interdependence, for instance—between the politics of marriage and the broader processes and practices mentioned above. In other words, most books in the series devote special attention to how the politics of marriage and these processes and practices mutually shape and explain each other.
The series concentrates on, among other things, the complex relationships between the politics of marriage and gender, ethnic, national, religious, racial, and class identities globally, and examines how these relationships contribute to the development and management of social, cultural, and political differences, inequalities, and conflicts.
The series seeks to publish single-authored books and edited volumes that develop a gap-filling and thought-provoking critical perspective, that are well-balanced between a high degree of theoretical sophistication and empirical richness, and that cross or rethink disciplinary, methodological, or theoretical boundaries. The thematic scope of the series is intentionally left broad to encourage creative submissions that fit within the perspectives outlined above.
Among the potential topics closely connected with the problem sensitivity of the series are honor
-based violence; arranged (forced, child, etc.) marriage; transnational marriage markets, migration, and brokerage; intersections of marriage and religion/class/race; the politics of agency and power within marriage; reconfiguration of family: same-sex marriage/union; the politics of love, intimacy, and desire; marriage and multicultural families; the (religious, legal, etc.) politics of divorce; the causes, forms, and consequences of polygamy in contemporary societies; sport marriage; refusing marriage; and so forth.
MEDIATING THE UPRISING IS A UNIQUE, insightful, and thought-provoking summary of why and how metaphors of marriage and gender are used strategically in postrevolutionary Syrian television drama. The chapters brilliantly outline how (the subculture of) post-uprising television miniseries can mediate—through staging and framing the themes of love, sexuality, and marriage—political critique of the state and current power relations; social critique of the ethics of sociability amid war and bloodshed; and, finally, a cultural critique of certain gender and marital roles and identities. Mediating the Uprising offers an excellent insight not only into the dynamics of (narrative, value-based) conflicts between the political regime and the opposition, but also into how the politics of nostalgia, fatherhood, and masculinity work; how various (often contesting) interpretations and visions of the nation’s past and future are negotiated; and how cultural forms and mechanisms of everyday resistance against oppression are deployed in contemporary Syrian society. Using the lens of marriage and gender, the ultimate aim of Joubin’s nuanced and impressive monograph is to demonstrate and analyze continuities and discontinuities in Syrian television drama, politics, and society—convincingly highlighting (via investigating, among other things, seven seasons of drama, press releases, anecdotes, and interviews) how art and the drama creators themselves are involved in shaping the ongoing public debate on the meanings and consequences of the 2011 Syrian revolution.
PÉTER BERTA
University College London
School of Slavonic and
East European Studies
ABBREVIATIONS
NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION
Arabic words, names, and reference material have been translated according to the system used by the International Journal of Middle East Studies. I have omitted diacritical marks, but have maintained the constant ayn (‘) and the hamza glottal stop (’). Commonly known Arabic words have not been italicized. Many Syrian writers, directors, and actors transliterate their names on their Facebook pages and websites in a simplified manner. In order to avoid irregularity and confusion in my book, however, I have spelled the majority of names according to the IJMES system. To preserve the Syrian ambiance, I have translated titles of miniseries as they are pronounced in colloquial. Furthermore, expressions quoted by drama creators have been transliterated in colloquial. In these cases, the ta’-marbuta is pronounced eh
rather than a,
as in Modern Standard Arabic. However, I have transliterated Arabic bibliography and endnote material according to Modern Standard Arabic. For reasons of clarity, in my transliterations I have kept the letter qaf as in standard Arabic. Unless otherwise indicated, all transliterations of dialogue from the musalsalat from Arabic into English are my own.
CHRONOLOGY OF THE SYRIAN UPRISING
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017