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    A330 Normal Law: Putting Fly-by-Wire Into Perspective
    A330 Normal Law: Putting Fly-by-Wire Into Perspective
    A330 Normal Law: Putting Fly-by-Wire Into Perspective
    Ebook37 pages29 minutes

    A330 Normal Law: Putting Fly-by-Wire Into Perspective

    By Bill Palmer

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    About this ebook

    From the author of Understanding Air France 447, Bill Palmer explains the Airbus A330 fly-by-wire system's Normal flight control law.

    Normal Law is the normal operating mode of the Airbus fly-by-wire flight control system. Described is a short history of fly-by-wire technology and how the Normal Law handling characteristics and flight envelope protections function and work together.

    This document describes the A330 in particular though other Airbus fly-by-wire aircraft are similar but have subtle differences inconsequential to most readers.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherBill Palmer
    Release dateMay 17, 2020
    ISBN9780463242551
    A330 Normal Law: Putting Fly-by-Wire Into Perspective
    Author

    Bill Palmer

    Bill Palmer is a currently an A330 captain for a major international airline. As a member of his airline's A330 development team for the introduction of the airplane to its fleet, he has been intimately involved in A330 fleet since 2002. He was the lead author and editor for the airline's A330 systems manual, and has written numerous A330 training publications. He has served as an airplane and simulator instructor, check airman, designated examiner, and also on training related projects from video production to simulator certification. Bill started flying at the age of 15, soloed on his 16th birthday and completed his private certificate at 17. He attended Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and holds a BS in Aeronautical Science. He earned his flight instructor certificate in 1978 and has been instructing almost non-stop since then, while holding airplane, instrument, multi-engine, and ground instructor certificates. Besides light aircraft he has also taught on the 727, 757, A320, DC-10, and A330, and written manuals for the DC-10, A330, B-787, and A350 fleets. He has also produced numerous training publications and videos for the various fleets as well. Bill holds an ATP with type ratings in A320, A330, A350, B757/767, B777, DC10, and commercial glider and flight engineer-turbojet ratings.

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      Book preview

      A330 Normal Law - Bill Palmer

      A-330 Normal Law

      Bill Palmer

      Fly-By-Wire History

      We often think of fly-by-wire technology as a fairly recent innovation. In fact, it has been around about half as long as powered flight itself, and probably longer than most of the pilots flying it. Its capabilities have grown with the power of computers and the introduction of digital processors in the 1970’s.

      The first non-experimental aircraft that was designed and flown with a fly-by-wire flight control system was the Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow (a delta-wing supersonic interceptor: 1958). Though the airplane was subsequently canceled, its analog fly-by-wire system included the first artificial feel mechanism.

      Analog refers to a computer system comprised of circuitry that uses variable internal voltages, frequencies and switches to carry out its logic, rather than the discreet values and software of a digital computer.

      The first pure electronic fly-by-wire aircraft with no mechanical or hydraulic backup was the Apollo Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV), first flown in 1964. It led to the development of the Lunar landing training Vehicle (LLTV) used for Lunar Module astronaut training. The LLRV and LLTVs were spider-like vehicles that simulated the  gravity of the moon and handling of the Lunar Module. It too was an analog system. One of the two LLRVs and two of three LLTVs were destroyed in crashes (all ejected safely).

      The Concorde was the first civilian fly-by-wire aircraft (first flow in in 1969, entering service in 1976). Its controls were operated with a full-authority analog system for all control surfaces. It transmitted the pilot control inputs to the control surfaces while adding stabilizing terms.

      In the late 60s and early 70s, a fly-by-wire control using Nz feedback response (vertical acceleration) was developed and referred to as C law. NASA

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