GSM Call Flow Procedures Overview

GSM CALL FLOW PROCEDURES
Quality of Service Team
Compiled By: Sarmad khalique
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GSM Signalling Matrix:

Databases
PSTN
DTAP
BSSMAP
DTAP
RR
RIL3
RSM 08.58
RSM 08.58
BSS MAP
MAP TCAP
ISUP
TUP
BSSAP
BSSAP
RIL3
SCCP
LAPDm LAPDm
SCCP MTP Level 2 & 3 MTP Level 1 MSC A
LAPD
LAPD G.703
MTP Level 2, 3
Rad Int MS Air
Rad Int G.703 BTS Abis
MTP Level 1
BSC
The fig above gives an overview of GSM Protocol Matrix. The MSC uses ISUP/TUP protocols for PSTN signaling. It has MAP for signaling to database applications like HLR, VLR, EIR, AUC, SMSSC, and GMSC. On the A interface it has GSM specific protocol as BSSAP. The BSSAP comprises of DTAP and BSSMAP. DTAP signaling is direct signaling between mobile and MSC, whereas BSSMAP is mobile related signaling between MSC and BSC. The BSC also uses the BSSAP but only the BSSMAP part of it for MSC. On the BTS side GSM has defined its own set of protocols in 08.58 which have no official name but we term it as RSM (Radio Subsystem Management. The BSC on layer 2 uses Lapd (Link Access Procedures on D - Channel) which is an ISDN protocol and includes functions for error correction and detection and frame delimitation by insertion of flags. The BTS on the mobile has again set of GSM protocols for physical layer which is the Radio Air Interface and uses Lapdm for Layer 2 signaling. This is a modified Lapd protocol with one difference being some Lapd functions like error correction are removed and used at Layer 1, and second major difference being the Lapdm messages cannot be lengthy due limitation of burst length. The BTS on the Mobile user part uses RIL3 which is again a GSM protocol for Radio Resource Management. The Mobile on the other hand in RIL3 has DTAP for MSC signaling and RR for Radio Resource signaling.
MAP (Mobile Application Part) Messages:

MAP messages are between Switching and Database interfaces MAP messages are not present on the Air Interface Not much significance related to Drive Testing Can be useful in analyzing some Protocol failures experienced on the air interface during drive testing.
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BSSAP (BSS Application Part):
DTAP
BTS DTAP
BSC BSSMAP
BSSMAP
MSC BSSMAP
DTAP
Distribution Layer BSSAP SCCP MTP
Distribution Layer BSSAP SCCP MTP
BSSAP is used between BSC and MSC on A interface. It uses the services of MTP and SCCP and hence it is based on C7. BSSAP deals with signaling between MSC and BSC and also MSC and Mobile. BSSAP has two subsets the DTAP and the BSSMAP. DTAP deals with the signaling messages directly between the MSC and Mobile. The BSC and/or BTS just routes theses messages. DTAP messages are all connection oriented messaged. BSSMAP messages are MS related messages but originate and terminate at the BSC, from where BSC modifies the message and send it across in different message (RSM, 08.58 messages). The distribution layer does the function of distribution of message to DTAP and BSSMAP. It does this by identifying certain parameter in the BSSAP message which is explained on next message. BSSAP supports both connectionless and connectionoriented signaling. Messages like paging, reset are sent in CL mode, (Message lists are give further).
BSSMAP:
Between BSC and MSC Linked to certain messages on the Air Interface Useful in troubleshooting certain Blocked Calls and Dropped Calls problems in conjunction with Drive Testing
DTAP (Direct Transfer Application Part):

Transparent Messages between MSC and MS Further divided into sub-categories ( MM ,CC,SMS,SS)
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BSSMAP Messages:
Connectionless Messages Block Block Acknowledge Paging Reset Reset Acknowledge Reset Circuit Reset Circuit Acknowledge Resource Indication Resource Request Unblock Unblocking Acknowledge Connection Oriented Messages Assignment Complete Assignment Failure Assignment Request Candidate Response Cipher Mode Command Cipher Mode Complete Classmark Update Complete Layer 3 Information Handover Candidate Enquiry Handover Command Handover Complete Handover Detect Handover Failure Handover Performed Handover Request Handover Request Acknowledge Handover Required Reject Trace Invocation Queuing Indication
Types of DTAP Messages:

CC : Call control and call related SS Messages Related to call setup and activation/deactivation of SS between. MM : Mobility Management Messages Location updates, security procedures and connection management. SS : Non-Call related Supplementary Messages Like call barring, call forwarding etc. SMS : Short Message Service Messages Related of transmission and reception of SMS
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DTAP Messages:
MM Message Authentication Request Authentication Response CM Re-Establishment Request CM Service Accept CM Service Reject CM Service Request Identity Request Identity Response IMSI Detach Location Updating Accept Location Updating Reject Location Updating Request TMSI Reallocation Command TMSI Reallocation Complete CC Messages Alerting Call Confirmed Call Proceeding Connect Connect Acknowledge Disconnect Emergency Setup Facility Hold Hold Acknowledge Modify Modify Complete Notify Progress Release Release Complete Retrieve Retrieve Acknowledge Setup SS Messages Hold Hold Acknowledge Hold Reject Retrieve Retrieve Acknowledge Retrieve Reject Facility Register SMS Messages CP-Ack CP-Data
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CP-Error RP-Ack RP-Data RP-Error Note: All types of DTAP messages described above are RIL 3 (Radio Interface layer 3) messages.
Air Interface:
DTAP RR
04.08/ 04.10
04.08/ 04.10
RIL3
RIL3
LAPDm
LAPDm
04.04 04.04
Rad Int MS
Rad Int BTS
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Radio Interface (Layer 1):

Following are the functions of layer 1: Mapping of Logical Channels to Physical Channel Channel Coding Ciphering Cell Selection and Reselection Connection Establishment on Logical Channels Measurement of serving and neighboring cells signal level Setting of Timing Advance Transmit Power Control as commanded by BTS.
Radio Interface (Layer 3) Messages Categories:

DTAP Messages: Transparent to BSC, CC, MM, SS, SMS as described earlier. RR Messages: Radio Resource messages specific to BTS and MS. Test Messages: Related to testing procedure (Like Loop back etc). RR Messages: Assignment Command Assignment Complete Assignment Failure Channel Mode Modify Channel Mode Modify Acknowledge Channel Release Channel Request Ciphering Mode Command Ciphering Mode Complete Classmark Change Frequency Redefinition Handover Access Handover Command Handover Complete Handover Failure Immediate Assignment Immediate Assignment Extended Immediate Assignment Reject Measurement Report Paging Request Type 1 Paging Request Type 2 Paging Request Type 3 System Information Type 1 System Information Type 2 System Information Type 3 System Information Type 4 System Information Type 5 System Information Type 6 System Information Type 2bis . etc.
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Mobile Phone Mode:

BCCH & PCH RACH & AGCH SDCCH Initial Message Initial Message Ack
RR Idle Mode RR Connection Establishment Mode RR Connected Mode MM Connection Establishment Mode MM Connected Mode
Call Control Process
CC Release MM Release RR Release

Non-call Related Call Related
Access Procedure
(RACH/AGCH)
Access Procedure
(RACH/AGCH)
MM CM Procedure
(SDDCH) MM Common Procedures (SDDCH) MM Specific Procedures (SDDCH) Release Procedures (SDDCH)
MM CM Procedure
(SDDCH) MM Common Procedures (SDDCH) CC Procedures
(SDDCH)
RR Procedures
(TCH)
CC Procedures
(TCH)
Release Procedures (SDDCH)
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Air Interface - Layer 2 Signaling:
04.08/ 04.10
DTAP
04.08/ 04.10
RIL3
RR
RIL3
LAPDm
LAPDm
04.04 04.04
Rad Int MS
Rad Int BTS
LAPDm (Link Access Protocol on Dm):

LAPDm signaling is done using Frames. LAPDm frames contain Address, Control and L3 information. LAPDm has a window size of 1 (every frame sent must be acknowledged before next is sent, in acknowledge mode) Lapdm frame supports maximum 23 octets only Lapdm frame structure has no flags (since blocks channels available). Lapdm has two SAPI (Service Access Point Identifier). SAPI 0 for RR and DTAP signaling & SAPI 3 for SMS.
The data Link of LAPD is based on HDLC and uses two modes of operations, the Acknowledge mode and Unacknowledged mode. In the acknowledge mode every frame sent must receive acknowledgement whereas for unacknowledged mode no acknowledge is required for the frames sent. There in general 3 types of HDLC and hence LAPD frames U - Frames which set up the acknowledge mode and does unacknowledged mode Information transfer I - Frames which the actual signaling or information data in acknowledge mode S-Frame which maintains the flow of I-frames by acknowledging or requesting retransmission of I-frames.
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LAPD Frames:
Unnumbered Frames: SABM (Set Asynchronous Balance mode): This frame is sent to begin acknowledge mode of information transfer (I -frame) Disc (Disconnect Mode): This frame is sent to terminate acknowledge mode of Information Transfer UI (Unnumbered Information): This is used for Unacknowledged Information transfer UA (Unnumbered Acknowledge): This is used to acknowledge the SABM & DISC frames DM (Disconnect Mode): This indicates the disconnection and SABM could be performed These frames don't use sequencing [N(R) & N(S)] Information Frames: These frames are used to transfer Layer 3 Information (RSL, OML, L2M messages) in sequence that is in acknowledged mode. These frames use Sequencing Supervisory Frames: RR (Receive Ready): Positive Acknowledgement. RNR (Receive Not Ready): Stop sending messages (buffer is full). REJ (Reject) : Negative Acknowledgement These Frames uses Sequencing [only N (R)]
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LAPDm Frames Flow:
Acknowledge Mode
Layer 2 SABM
Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 2 Layer 2
UA I - frame (C) RR I - frame (R) RR Disc DM (or UA)
Call Procedures are explained in great detail in the next section.
MS Terminated Call Procedure

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MSC
VLR
HLR
GMSC
IAI (TUP)
PSTN
MAP_SEND_ROUTING_ INFORMATION MAP_PROVIDE_ROAMING_ NUMBER
MAP_PROVIDE_ROAMING_ NUMBER ACK MAP_SEND_ROUTING_ INFORMATION ACK
IAI (TUP)
MAP_SEND_INFO_I/C_CALL
MAP_PAGE
MS Terminated Call Procedure Continue 1
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MS
Um interface
BTS
Abis interface
BSC
A interface
MSC
T3113 + (IMSI/TMSI,LAI or CGI) Paging Command Paging Request (L2-UI) (IMSI/TMSI,pag group,ch)
Paging(UDT)
BSSMAP
RR(PCH)
(IMSI/TMSI) Channel Request
RR(RACH)
T3120 +
Channel Required
Channel Activation
Channel Activation ACK
Immediate Assign Command T3101 + (L2 - UI)
RR(AGCH)
T3120 -
Immediate Assignment
Paging RESP (L2-SABM)
RR(SDCCH)
EST IND(Paging Resp) T3101 -
RR(SDCCH)
L2 - UA
Paging Resp CR(COMPL - L3 - INFO) (CKSN,MS ID,CGI,CLrk2) CC T3113 -
BSSMAP
Paging
MS Terminated Call Procedure Continue 2 Um interface MS BTS Abis interface BSC A interface MSC
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B interface VLR
MAP_PROCESS_ACCESS_REQ
MAP_AUTHENTICATE AUTH REQUEST (DT1) DATA REQ<AUTH> AUTH REQUEST (CKSN, RAND) T3260 +
DTAP-MM
MM(SDCCH)
AUTH RESPONSE
MM(SDCCH)
DATA IND<AUTH> AUTH RESPONSE (DT1) T3260 (SRES)
DTAP-MM
MAP_AUTHENTICATE ACK
MAP_SET_CIPHERING_MODE CIPHER MOD CMD(DT1) ENCR CMD
BSSMAP
(algo nb,key)
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
CIPHER MOD CMD
CIPHER MOD COM DATA IND <CIPH MOD COM> CIPHER MOD COM(DT1)
BSSMAP
MAP_PROCESS_ACCESS_REQ_ACK
MAP_FORWARD_NEW_TMSI TMSI REAL CMD (DT1) DATA REQ
DTAP-MM
(new TMSI,LAI)
MM(SDCCH) MM(SDCCH)
TMSI REAL CMD
<TMSI REAL CMD>
TMSI REAL COM DATA IND <TMSI REAL COM> TMSI REAL COM (DT1)
DTAP-MM
MAP_FORWARD_NEW_TMSI ACK
MS Terminated Call Procedure Continue 3
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Um interface MS BTS
Abis interface BSC
A interface MSC
B interface VLR
MAP_COMPLETE_CALL
SET-UP (DT1) T303 +
DTAP-CC
DATA REQ <SET UP>
CC(SDCCH)
SET-UP
CC(SDCCH)
CALL CONFIRMED
DATA IND <CALL CONF> CALL CONF (DT1) T303 T310 +
DTAP-CC
MS Terminated Call Procedure Continue 4 MS Um interface BTS Abis interface BSC A interface
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MSC
ASSIGN REQ(DT1) (Ch type,CIC,L3 hd) PHYS CTX REQ
TNT2 +
BSSMAP
PHYS CTX CONF (BS/MS POW,TA)
Channel ACTIV (TCH)
T9103 +
QUEUING(DT1)
BSSMAP
Channel Activation ACK T9103 -
DATA REQ <ASSIGN CMD>
RR(SDCCH)
ASSIGN CMD RELEASE REQ (local end) (L2 - SABM) EST IND
RR(FACCH) RR(FACCH)
(L2 - UA)
RR(FACCH)
ASSIGN COM DATA IND <ASSIGN COM> ASSIGN COM(DT1) TNT2 -
BSSMAP
RF CHAN REL (SDCCH) RF CHAN REL ACK
CC
Radio-resource assignment
MS Terminated Call Procedure Continue 5 Um interface MS BTS

ALERTING
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Abis interface BSC
A interface
E interface MSC GMSC
PSTN
CC(FACCH)
DATA IND <ALERT> ALERTING (DT1) T310 T301 + DTAP-CC ACM(TUP)
CC(FACCH)
CONNECT
T313 + ACM(TUP) DATA IND <CONNECT> CONNECT (DT1) T301 -
DTAP-CC ANC(TUP)
CONNECT ACK (DT1) DTAP-CC
ANC(TUP)
DATA REQ <CONNECT ACK>
CC(FACCH)
CONNECT ACK T313 -
MS Terminated Call Procedure Continue 6 (Mobile Release First) MS Um BTS Abis BSC A MSC E
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GMSC
PSTN
CC(FACCH)
DISCONNECT DATA IND <DISC> DISCONNECT(DT1) DTAP-CC CBK(TUP)
CBK(TUP)
RELEASE(DT1) DATA REQ RELEASE <REL> T308 + DTAP-CC
CC(FACCH)
CLF(TUP)
RELEASE COM DATA IND <RELASE COM>
CC(FACCH)
RELEASE COM(DT1) T308 DTAP-CC CLF(TUP)
CLEAR CMD(DT1) TNT3 + CHAN REL T3109 + <CHAN REL> DEACT SACCH DEACT SACCH ACK DATA REQ
BSSMAP
RR(FACCH)
RLG(TUP)
RR(FACCH) RR(FACCH)
(L2 - DISC)
(L2 - UA) REL IND
T3109 T3111 + CLEAR COM(DT1) TNT3 -
RLG(TUP)
RF CHAN REL T3111 RF CHAN REL ACK
BSSMAP
<RLSD> <RLC>
Radio-resource release
MS Terminated Call Procedure Continue 7 Um (Mobile Release last) Abis A BSC E
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MS
BTS
MSC
GMSC
PSTN
CLF(TUP)
CLF(TUP) DISCONNECT(DT1) DATA REQ <DISC> T305 + DTAP-CC
CC(FACCH) CC(FACCH)
DISCONNECT
RELEASE DATA IND <REL> RELEASE(DT1) T305 DTAP-CC RLG(TUP)
RELEASE COM(DT1) DATA REQ
DTAP-CC
RLG(TUP)
CC(FACCH)
RELEASE COM
<RELASE COM>
CLEAR CMD(DT1) TNT3 + DATA REQ CHAN REL T3109 +
BSSMAP
<CHAN REL> DEACT SACCH
RR(FACCH)
RR(FACCH) RR(FACCH)
(L2 - DISC) DEACT SACCH ACK (L2 - UA) REL IND T3109 T3111 + RF CHAN REL T3111 RF CHAN REL ACK CLEAR COM(DT1) TNT3 -
BSSMAP
<RLSD> <RLC>
Mobile - Originating Call Procedure
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MS
Um interface
BTS
Abis interface
BSC
A interface
MSC
B interface VLR
RR(RACH)
Channel Request T3120 + Channel Required
Channel Activation
Immediate Assign Command T3101 + (L2 - UI) Immediate Assignment
RR(AGCH)
T3120 -
(SDCCH ID)
RR(SDCCH)
CM SERV REQ (L2-SABM) T303 + EST IND<CM SERV REQ> T3101 CR(COMPL - L3 - INFO) <CM SERV REQ> (CKSN,MS ID,SER type,CLmk)
RR(SDCCH)
L2 - UA
BSSMAP
CC
Mobile - Originating Call Procedure Continue 1 Um interface MS BTS Abis interface BSC A interface MSC
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B interface VLR
MAP_AUTHENTICATE
AUTH REQUEST (DT1) DATA REQ<AUTH> AUTH REQUEST (CKSN, RAND) T3260 +
DTAP-MM
MM(SDCCH)
AUTH RESPONSE
MM(SDCCH)
DTAP-MM
BSSMAP
(algo nb,key)
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
CIPHER MOD CMD
BSSMAP
MAP_FORWARD_NEW_TMSI TMSI REAL CMD (DT1) DATA REQ
DTAP-MM
(new TMSI,LAI)
MM(SDCCH) MM(SDCCH)
TMSI REAL CMD TMSI REAL COM
<TMSI REAL CMD>
DATA IND <TMSI REAL COM> TMSI REAL COM (DT1)
DTAP-MM
Mobile - Originating Call Procedure Continue2 Um interface MS BTS Abis interface BSC A interface MSC
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B interface VLR
CC(SDCCH)
SET-UP
DATA IND <SET UP> SET-UP (DT1)
DTAP-CC
MAP_SEND_INFO_FOR_O/G_CALL
MAP_COMPLETE_CALL
CALL PROCEEDING (DT1)
DTAP-CC
DATA REQ <CALL PROC>
CC(SDCCH) T303 T310 +
CALL PROCEEDING
Mobile - Originating Call Procedure Continue 3 MS Um interface BTS Abis interface BSC A interface
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MSC
ASSIGN REQ(DT1)
TNT2 +
(Ch type,CIC,L3 hd)

PHYS CTX REQ
BSSMAP
PHYS CTX CONF (BS/MS POW,TA)
Channel ACTIV (TCH) T9103 +
QUEUING(DT1)
BSSMAP
Channel Activation ACK T9103 -
DATA REQ <ASSIGN CMD>
RR(SDCCH)
ASSIGN CMD RELEASE REQ (local end) (L2 - SABM) EST IND
RR(FACCH) RR(FACCH)
(L2 - UA)
RR(FACCH)
ASSIGN COM DATA IND <ASSIGN COM> ASSIGN COM(DT1) TNT2 RF CHAN REL (SDCCH) RF CHAN REL ACK CC
BSSMAP
Radio-resource assignment
Mobile - Originating Call Procedure Continue 4 Um interface MS BTS Abis interface BSC A interface E interface MSC GMSC
IAI(TUP)
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PSTN
IAI(TUP)
ACM(TUP)
ACM(TUP) ALERTING (DT1) DATA REQ ALERTING
DTAP-CC
CC(FACCH)
<ALERT>
T310 ANC(TUP)
ANC(TUP) CONNECT (DT1) T313 + DATA REQ CONNECT <CONNECT>
DTAP-CC
CC(FACCH)
CC(FACCH)
CONNECT ACK
DATA IND <CONNECT ACK> CONNECT ACK (DT1) T313 -
DTAP-CC
Mobile - Originating Call Procedure Continue 5 (Mobile Release First) MS Um BTS Abis BSC A MSC E
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GMSC
PSTN
CC(FACCH)
DISCONNECT DATA IND <DISC> DISCONNECT(DT1) T305 +
DTAP-CC DTAP-CC
RELEASE(DT1)
DATA REQ RELEASE <REL> T305 T308 +
CC(FACCH) CC(FACCH)
RELEASE COM DATA IND <RELASE COM> RELEASE COM(DT1) T308 -
DTAP-CC
CLEAR CMD(DT1) TNT3 + DATA REQ CHAN REL T3109 +
BSSMAP
RR(FACCH)
RR(FACCH)
(L2 - DISC)
DEACT SACCH ACK REL IND T3109 T3111 +
RR(FACCH)
(L2 - UA)
CLEAR COM(DT1) TNT3 -
BSSMAP
<RLSD> <RLC>
CLF(TUP) CLF(TUP) RLG(TUP) RLG(TUP)
Mobile - Originating Call Procedure Continue 6 (Mobile Release Last) MS Um BTS Abis BSC A MSC E
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GMSC
PSTN
CBK(TUP)
CBK(TUP) DISCONNECT(DT1) DATA REQ T305 +
DTAP-CC
CC(FACCH) CC(FACCH)
DISCONNECT RELEASE
<DISC>
DATA IND <REL> RELEASE(DT1) T305 T308 +
DTAP-CC
CLF(TUP) CLF(TUP)
CC(FACCH)
RELEASE COM DATA IND <RELASE COM> RELEASE COM(DT1) T308 -
RLG(TUP) RLG(TUP)
DTAP-CC
CLEAR CMD(DT1) TNT3 + DATA REQ CHAN REL T3109 + <CHAN REL> DEACT SACCH (L2 - DISC)
BSSMAP
RR(FACCH)
RR(FACCH) RR(FACCH)
DEACT SACCH ACK REL IND T3109 T3111 +
(L2 - UA)
CLEAR COM(DT1) TNT3 -
BSSMAP
<RLSD> <RLC>
INTRA_VLR LOCATION UPDATING OR IMSI ATTACH( in old VLR )
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MS
Um interface
BTS
Abis interface
BSC
A interface
MSC
RR(RACH)
Channel Activation
Immediate Assign Command T3101 + (L2 - UI) Immediate Assignment T3120 (SDCCH ID)
RR(AGCH)
RR(SDCCH)
LOC UPDAT REQ T3210 + (L2-SABM)
**
EST IND<LOC UPA REQ> T3101 -
RR(SDCCH)
L2 - UA CR(COMPL - L3 - INFO) <LOC UPDAT REQ>
(CKSN,MS ID,LUT,LAI,CLmk1)
CC
BSSMAP
** : This message is sent by the MS to the network either to request update of its location (normal updating or periodic updating) or to request IMSI attach .
INTRA_VLR LOCATION UPDATING OR IMSI ATTACH( in old VLR ) Um interface Continue 1 Abis interface A interface
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MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
B interface
MAP_UPDATE_ LOCATION_AREA MAP_AUTHENTICATE
VLR
AUTH REQUEST (DT1) DATA REQ<AUTH> AUTH REQUEST (CKSN, RAND)
T3260 + DTAP-MM
MM(SDCCH)
AUTH RESPONSE
MM(SDCCH)
DATA IND<AUTH> AUTH RESPONSE (DT1)
T3260 - DTAP-MM
(SRES) MAP_AUTHENTICATE ACK
BSSMAP
(algo nb,key)
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
CIPHER MOD CMD
BSSMAP
MAP_FORWARD_NEW_TMSI
TMSI REAL CMD (DT1) DATA REQ
DTAP-MM
(new TMSI,LAI)
MAP_UPDATE_LOCATION _AREA ACK
MM(SDCCH) MM(SDCCH)
TMSI REAL CMD
<TMSI REAL CMD>
TMSI REAL COM DATA IND <TMSI REAL COM> TMSI REAL COM (DT1)
DTAP-MM
INTRA_VLR LOCATION UPDATING OR IMSI ATTACH( in old VLR ) Continue 2 Um Abis A
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MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
Loc Updat Acc(DT1)
DTAP-MM
DATA REQ <Loc Upd Acc>
MM(SDCCH)
Loc Upd Acc T3210 -
CLEAR CMD(DT1) TNT3 + DATA REQ CHAN REL <CHAN REL> DEACT SACCH (L2 - DISC) DEACT SACCH ACK (L2 - UA) T3109 +
BSSMAP
RR(SDCCH)
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
REL IND RF CHAN REL
T3109 CLEAR COM(DT1)
TNT3 -
BSSMAP
RF CHAN REL ACK <RLSD>
<RLC>
INTER_VLR LOCATION UPDATING (MS Send IMSI) OR IMSI ATTACH( not in old VLR )
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MS
Um interface
BTS
Abis interface
BSC
A interface
MSC
RR(RACH)
Channel Activation
RR(AGCH)
RR(SDCCH)
LOC UPDAT REQ ** T3210 + (L2-SABM) EST IND<LOC UPA REQ> T3101 -
RR(SDCCH)
(CKSN,IMSI,LUT,LAI,CLmk1)
CC
BSSMAP
** : This message is sent by the MS to the network either to request update of its location (normal updating or periodic updating) or to request IMSI attach .
INTER_VLR LOCATION UPDATING (MS Send IMSI) OR IMSI ATTACH( not in old VLR ) Continue 1 MS Um BTS Abis BSC A MSC B
MAP_UPDATE_
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PVLR VLR
D
HLR
LOCATION_AREA MAP_UPDATE_LOCATION MAP_CANCEL_ LOCATION MAP_CANCEL_ LOCATION ACK MAP_AUTHENTICATE AUTH REQUEST (DT1) DATA REQ<AUTH> T3260 + (CKSN, RAND)
DTAP-MM
MM(SDCCH) MM(SDCCH)
AUTH REQUEST AUTH RESPONSE DATA IND<AUTH> AUTH RESPONSE (DT1) (SRES) T3260 -
DTAP-MM
MAP_AUTHENTICATE ACK MAP_SET_CIPHERING_MODE
CIPHER MOD CMD(DT1) ENCR CMD CIPHER MOD CMD CIPHER MOD COM DATA IND <CIPH MOD COM> CIPHER MOD COM(DT1)
BSSMAP
(algo nb,key)
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
BSSMAP
MAP_FORWARD_NEW_TMSI
TMSI REAL CMD (DT1) DATA REQ
DTAP-MM
(new TMSI,LAI)
MM(SDCCH) MM(SDCCH)
<TMSI REAL CMD>
DATA IND <TMSI REAL COM> TMSI REAL COM (DT1)
DTAP-MM
MAP_FORWARD_NEW_TMSI ACK MAP_INSERT_SUBSCRIBER_DATA MAP_INSERT_SUBSCRIBER_DATA ACK
MAP_UPDATE_LOCATION ACK MAP_UPDATE_ LOCATION_AREA ACK
INTER_VLR LOCATION UPDATING (MS Send IMSI) OR IMSI ATTACH( not in old VLR ) 31 of 53 Continue 2 MS Um BTS Abis BSC A MSC
Loc Updat Acc(DT1)
DTAP-MM
MM(SDCCH)
Loc Upd Acc T3210 -
BSSMAP
RR(SDCCH)
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
REL IND RF CHAN REL
TNT3 -
BSSMAP
<RLC>
INTER_VLR LOCATION UPDATING (MS Send TMSI) OR IMSI ATTACH( not in old VLR )
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MS
Um interface
BTS
Abis interface
BSC
A interface
MSC
RR(RACH)
Channel Activation
RR(AGCH)
RR(SDCCH)
LOC UPDAT REQ T3210 + (L2-SABM) EST IND<LOC UPA REQ> T3101 -
RR(SDCCH)
(CKSN,TMSI,LUT,LAI,CLmk1)
CC
BSSMAP
INTER_VLR LOCATION UPDATING (MS Send TMSI) OR IMSI ATTACH( not in old VLR ) 33 of 53 Continue 1 MS Um BTS Abis BSC A MSC B
MAP_UPDATE_
PVLR VLR
D
HLR
LOCATION_AREA
Identity Request
MAP_PROVIDE_IMSI
MAP_SEND_IDENTIFICATION MAP_SEND_ IDENTIFICATION ACK MAP_UPDATE_LOCATION MAP_CANCEL_ LOCATION MAP_CANCEL_ LOCATION ACK
Identity ResponseMAP_PROVIDE_IMSI ACK In case of IMSI can not be retrieve from PVLR
MAP_AUTHENTICATE AUTH REQUEST (DT1) DATA REQ<AUTH>
MM(SDCCH)
AUTH REQUEST DATA IND<AUTH>
T3260 + (CKSN, RAND)
DTAP-MM
MM(SDCCH) AUTH RESPONSE
AUTH RESPONSE (DT1) (SRES) T3260 -
DTAP-MM
MAP_AUTHENTICATE ACK MAP_SET_CIPHERING_MODE
ENCR CMD
CIPHER MOD CMD(DT1) BSSMAP
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
CIPHER MOD CMD CIPHER MOD COM DATA IND <CIPH MOD COM>
(algo nb,key)
CIPHER MOD COM(DT1)
BSSMAP
MAP_FORWARD_NEW_TMSI TMSI REAL CMD (DT1) DTAP-MM
MM(SDCCH) MM(SDCCH)
DATA REQ <TMSI REAL CMD> DATA IND <TMSI REAL COM>
(new TMSI,LAI)
TMSI REAL COM (DT1)
DTAP-MM
MAP_FORWARD_NEW_TMSI ACK MAP_INSERT_SUBSCRIBER_DATA MAP_INSERT_SUBSCRIBER_DATA ACK
MAP_UPDATE_LOCATION ACK MAP_UPDATE_ LOCATION_AREA ACK
INTER_VLR LOCATION UPDATING (MS Send TMSI) OR IMSI ATTACH( not in old VLR ) 34 of 53 Continue 2 MS Um BTS Abis BSC A MSC
Loc Updat Acc(DT1)
DTAP-MM
MM(SDCCH)
Loc Upd Acc T3210 -
BSSMAP
RR(SDCCH)
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
REL IND RF CHAN REL
TNT3 -
BSSMAP
<RLC>
Intra_Cell HandOver
35 of 53
A MSC BSC
A-bis BTS
Um
MS
<L2-UI> MEAS REP
RR(SACCH)
MEAS REP
CHAN ACTIV (ch typ,Ciph K) (HO Ref) CHAN ACT ACK
DATA REQ <ASSIGN CMD> ASSIGN CMD T3107 + Old channel local end release
RR(FACCH)
L2-SABM EST IND
RR(New FACCH)
L2-UI
RR(FACCH)
ASSIGN COM T3107 DATA IND <ASSIGN COM> HO PERFOMED(DT1)
RR(FACCH)
BSSMAP
(Cause: intra_cell) RF CHA REL (old TCH)
RF CHA REL ACK
Intra-BSS Handover
36 of 53
A MSC BTS1
A-bis BSC
A-bis BTS2
Um
MS
<L2-UI> MEAS REP
RR(SACCH)
MEAS REP
CHAN ACTIV (ch typ,Ciph K) (HO Ref) CHAN ACT ACK DATA REQ <HO CMD> T3103 + HO COMMAND
BSSMAP
RR(FACCH)
HO ACCESS
T3124 +
RR(New FACCH)
HO ACCESS HO DETECT PHYS INFO T3124 -
RR(FACCH) RR(FACCH)
PHYS INFO L2-SABM ESTA IND L2-UI HO COMPLET
RR(FACCH) RR(FACCH) RR(FACCH) RR(FACCH)
DATA IND RF CHA REL (old TCH) T3103 <HO COMPL>
RF CHA REL ACK
BSSMAP
HO PERFOMED(DT1)
(Cause)
Intra-MSC Handover
37 of 53
A-bis BTS1
Serving BSS
A BSC1 MSC
A BSC2
A-bis BTS2
Target BSS
Um
MS
<L2-UI> MEAS REP
RR(SACCH)
MEAS RES
HO REQU(DT1) T7 + Cell Id lst,Cause BSSMAP
BSSMAP HO REQUEST(DT1) T101 + CR(Ch typ,Clmk) (Cell, Ciph K)
CHAN ACTIV CC CHA ACT ACK BSSMAP T7 T8 + HO CMD(DT1) T102 + BSSMAP (Cell,Ch Inf,Ho Ref) HO REQ ACK(DT1) T101 T9113 +
DATA REQ <HO CMD> HO COMMAND
BSSMAP
RR(FACCH)
Intra-MSC Handover Continue 1 A-bis BTS1

Serving BSS
38 of 53
A BSC1 MSC
A BSC2
A-bis BTS2
Target BSS
Um
MS
HO ACCESS T3124 +
RR(new FACCH)
HO ACCESS
RR(FACCH)
HO DETECT PHYS INFO T3124 -
RR(FACCH)
PHYS INFO
RR(FACCH)
L2-SABM ESTA IND L2-UI
RR(FACCH)
RR(FACCH)
HO COMPLET DATA IND <HO COMPL> BSSMAP CLEAR CMD(DT1) RF CHAN REL (old TCH) RF CHAN RELACK CLEAR CMP(DT1) TNT3 <RLSD> <RLC> T8 HO COMPLET(DT1) T102 T9113 -
RR(FACCH)
TNT3 +
BSSMAP
BSSMAP
Inter-MSC Handover
39 of 53
B VLRB MSCB
E MSCA
A BSCA
A-bis BTSA
Um
MS
<L2-UI> MEAS REP
MEAS REP
RR(SA CCH)
BSSMAP
MAP_ALLOCATE _HO_NUMBER MAP_SEND_ HO_REPORT MAP_SEND_ HO_REPORT ACK HO REQ(DT1) + BSSMAP T201 CR(Ch typ,Clmk) (Cell, Ciph K) CC MAP_PREPARE_ HANDOVER
HO REQU(DT1) Cell Id lst,Cause
<HO Request>
BSCB
BTSB
CHAN ACTIV
CHA ACT ACK
BSSMAP
HO REQ ACK(DT1) T201 MAP_PREPARE_HANDOVER ACK T210 + <HO Request ACK>
IAM(TUP) T210 ACM(TUP) T204 + HO CMD(DT1) T103 +
BSCA
DATA REQ
BTSA
BSSMAP
(Cell,Ch Inf,Ho Ref)
<HO CMD>
HO COMMAND
RR(FA CCH)
After HO Succeed BSSMAP

CLEAR CMD(DT1) TNT3 + RF CHA REL (old TCH) RF CHA REL ACK
BSSMAP
CLEAR CMP(DT1) TNT3 -
Inter-MSC Handover Continue 1 B VLRB MSCA E MSCB A BSCB A-bis BTSB
40 of 53
Um
MS
RR(New FACCH)
HO ACCESS
HO ACCESS HO DETECTION HO DETECT(DT1) PHYS INFO
RR(FA CCH) RR(FA CCH) RR(FA CCH) RR(FA CCH) RR(FA CCH) RR(FA CCH)
BSSMAP
MAP_PROCESS_ACCESS _SIGNALLING
PHYS INFO
<HO Detect>
ESTA IND
L2-SABM
L2-UI
HO COMPLET DATA IND HO COMMPLETE(DT1) T204 (Cause) <HO COMPL>
BSSMAP
T103 -
MAP_SEND_END_SIGNAL <HO Complete>
ANC(TUP)
Subsequent Inter-MSC Handover

41 of 53
B VLRC MSCC
E MSCA
E MSCB
Um A-bis BSCB BTSB

<L2-UI> MEAS REP MEAS REP
MS
RR(SA CCH)
BSSMAP
MAP_PREPARE_ Subs_HANDOVER MAP_PREPARE_ HANDOVER
<HO Request>
MAP_ALLOCATE _HO_NUMBER MAP_SEND_ HO_REPORT MAP_SEND_ HO_REPORT ACK
<HO Request>
BSCC
HO REQ(DT1) T201 + CR(Ch typ,Clmk) CC CHAN ACTIV
BTSC
(Cell, Ciph K)
BSSMAP BSSMAP
T201 -
CHA ACT ACK HO REQ ACK(DT1) MAP_PREPARE_HANDOVER ACK T210 + <HO Request ACK> IAM(TUP) T210 ACM(TUP) T204 + MAP_PREPARE_
BSCB
BTSB
Subs_HANDOVER ACK T103 + HO CMD(DT1)
BSSMAP
DATA REQ <HO CMD> HO COMMAND
(Cell,Ch Inf,Ho Ref)
RR(FA CCH)
After HO Succeed BSSMAP TNT3 +

CLEAR CMD(DT1) RF CHA REL (old TCH) RF CHA REL ACK
BSSMAP
CLEAR CMP(DT1) TNT3 -
Subsequent Inter-MSC Handover Continue 1 B MSCB MSCA E MSCC A BSCC A-bis BTSC
42 of 53
Um
MS
RR(New FACCH)
HO ACCESS
HO ACCESS HO DETECTION HO DETECT(DT1) PHYS INFO
BSSMAP
MAP_PROCESS_ACCESS _SIGNALLING
PHYS INFO
<HO Detect>
ESTA IND
L2-SABM
L2-UI
BSSMAP
MAP_SEND_END_SIGNAL T103 <HO Complete> ANC(TUP) REL(TUP)
RLC(TUP)
MAP_SEND_END_SIGNAL ACK
Subsequent Inter-MSC Handback

43 of 53
B VLRA MSCA
E MSCB
A BSCB
A-bis BTSB
Um
MS
<L2-UI> MEAS REP
MEAS REP
RR(SA CCH)
BSSMAP
MAP_PREPARE_ MAP_ALLOCATE _HO_NUMBER MAP_SEND_ HO_REPORT MAP_SEND_ HO_REPORT ACK HO REQ(DT1) Subs_HANDOVER
<HO Request>
BSCA
BTSA
BSSMAP
CR(Ch typ,Clmk) (Cell, Ciph K) CC
CHAN ACTIV
CHA ACT ACK
BSSMAP
HO REQ ACK(DT1)
MAP_PREPARE_Subs_ HANDOVER ACK T104 + <HO Request ACK>
BSSMAP
HO CMD(DT1) (Cell,Ch Inf,Ho Ref)
BSCB
DATA REQ
BTSB
<HO CMD>
HO COMMAND
RR(FA CCH)
After HO Succeed BSSMAP

CLEAR CMD(DT1) RF CHA REL (old TCH) RF CHA REL ACK
BSSMAP
CLEAR CMP(DT1)
Subsequent Inter-MSC Handback Continue 1 E MSCB MSCA A BSCA A-bis BTSA
44 of 53
Um
MS
RR(New
HO ACCESS
FACCH)
HO ACCESS HO DETECTION PHYS INFO
PHYS INFO
L2-SABM ESTA IND L2-UI
BSSMAP
REL(TUP)
RLC(TUP)
MAP_SEND_END_SIGNAL ACK
<HO Complete>
IMSI DETACH
45 of 53
MS
Um interface
BTS
Abis interface
BSC
A interface
MSC
B interface
VLR
** RR(RACH) Channel Request Channel Required
Channel Activation
UNIT DATA REQ (L2 - UI) Immediate Assignment <IMM ASSIGNMENT>
RR(AGCH)
(SDCCH ID)
RR(SDCCH)
IMSI DETACH IND (L2-SABM) EST IND <IMSI DETACH IND>
RR(SDCCH)
L2 - UA
CR(COMPL - L3 - INFO)
<IMSI DETACH IND> (MS ID) MAP_DETACH_IMSI
BSSMAP
** : If no RR connection exists, the MM sublayer within the mobile station will request the RR sublayer to establish a RR connection. If establishment of the RR connection is not possible because a suitable cell is not (or not yet) available then, the mobile station shall try for a period of at least 5 seconds and for not more than a period of 20 seconds to find a suitable cell. If a suitable cell is found during this time then, the mobile station shall request the RR sublayer to establish an RR connection, otherwise the IMSI detach is aborted. If a RR connection exists, the MM sublayer will release locally any ongoing MM connections before the IMSI DETACH IND message is sent.
IMSI DETACH Continue 1 Um Abis A
46 of 53
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
CLEAR CMD(DT1) DATA REQ CHAN REL <CHAN REL> DEACT SACCH (L2 - DISC) DEACT SACCH ACK (L2 - UA)
BSSMAP
RR(SDCCH)
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
REL IND RF CHAN REL CLEAR COM(DT1)
BSSMAP
<RLC>
Mobile - Originating SMS Procedure
47 of 53
MS
Um interface
BTS
Abis
BSC
MSC
VLR
RR(RACH)
Channel Request
Channel Required
Channel Activation
Immediate Assign Command (L2 - UI) Immediate Assignment
RR(AGCH)
(SDCCH ID)
RR(SDCCH)
CM SERV REQ (L2-SABM)
EST IND<CM SERV REQ>
RR(SDCCH)
L2 - UA CR(COMPL - L3 - INFO) <CM SERV REQ> (CKSN,MS ID,SER type,CLmk) CC
BSSMAP
Mobile - Originating SMS Procedure Continue 1 Um interface MS BTS Abis interface BSC A interface MSC
48 of 53
B interface VLR
MAP_AUTHENTICATE
DTAP-MM
MM(SDCCH)
AUTH RESPONSE
MM(SDCCH)
DTAP-MM
BSSMAP
(algo nb,key)
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
CIPHER MOD CMD
BSSMAP
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
SABM (SAPI=3) EST IND (SAPI=3) UA (SAPI=3)
Mobile - Originating SMS Procedure Continue 2 Um MS

SMS(SDCCH) SMS(SDCCH)
49 of 53
Abis BTS BSC
A MSC VLR SMS_GMSC SC
CP-DATA(RP-DATA) CP-ACK MAP_SEND_INFO_MO_SMS
MAP_COMPLETE_CALL
MAP_MO_FORWARD_SMS SM-RL Data Req
SM-RL Req Ind. MAP_MO_FORWARD_SMS_ACK
CP-DATA(RP-ACK)
CP-ACK
CLEAR CMD(DT1) DATA REQ <CHAN REL>
BSSMAP
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
CHAN REL DEACT SACCH DISC (SAPI=0) DEACT SACCH ACK
RR(SDCCH)
UA (SAPI=0)
REL IND
RF CHAN REL
RF CHAN REL ACK
CLEAR COM(DT1)
BSSMAP
<RLSD> <RLC>
Mobile - Terminated SMS Procedure
50 of 53
C interface SC SMS_GMSC HLR
C interface MSC
B interface VLR MS
RS-MT-DATA.REQ
MAP_SEND_ROUTING_INFO_FOR_SM
MAP_SEND_ROUTING_INFO_FOR_SM_ACK
MAP_MT_FORWARD_SM
MAP_SEND_INFO_FOR_MT_SMS
MAP_PAGE
Mobile - Terminated SMS Procedure Continue 1
51 of 53
MS
Um interface
BTS
Abis interface
BSC
A interface
MSC
Paging(UDT) Paging Command
RR(PCH) RR(RACH)
Paging Request (L2-UI)
Channel Request Channel Required
Channel Activation
Immediate Assign Command
(L2 - UI)
RR(AGCH)
Immediate Assignment (SDCCH ID)
RR(SDCCH)
Paging RESP (L2-SABM)
EST IND<Paging Resp>
RR(SDCCH)
L2 - UA
CR(COMPL - L3 - INFO)
BSSMAP (CKSN,MS ID,SER type,CLmk)

CC
<Paging Resp>
Mobile - Terminated SMS Procedure Continue 2 Um interface MS BTS Abis interface BSC A interface MSC
52 of 53
B interface VLR
MAP_AUTHENTICATE MAP_PROCESS_ACCESS_REQ
DTAP-MM
MM(SDCCH)
AUTH RESPONSE
MM(SDCCH)
DTAP-MM
BSSMAP
(algo nb,key)
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
CIPHER MOD CMD
BSSMAP
MAP_COMPLETE_CALL
Mobile - Terminated SMS Procedure Continue 3 Um MS BTS Abis BSC

CP-DATA(RP-DATA) EST REQ (SAPI=3)
53 of 53
A MSC
E SMS_GMSC SC
SABM (SAPI=3)
UA (SAPI=3) EST CONF (SAPI=3) CP-ACK MAP_MT_FORWARD_SM_ACK CP-DATA(RP-ACK)
CP-ACK
HLR
MAP_REPORT_SM_DELIVERY_STATUS CLEAR CMD(DT1) DATA REQ
BSSMAP
RS-Report Ind.
RR(SDCCH) RR(SDCCH)
CHAN REL
DISC (SAPI=0) DEACT SACCH ACK
RR(SDCCH)
UA (SAPI=0)
REL IND
RF CHAN REL
RF CHAN REL ACK CLEAR COM(DT1)
BSSMAP
<RLSD>
<RLC>

GSM Call Flow Procedures Overview

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GSM Call Flow Procedures Overview

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GSM CALL FLOW PROCEDURES

Quality of Service Team

Compiled By: Sarmad khalique

GSM Signalling Matrix:

SCCP MTP Level 2 & 3 MTP Level 1 MSC A

Rad Int MS Air

Rad Int G.703 BTS Abis

MAP (Mobile Application Part) Messages:

BSSAP (BSS Application Part):

Distribution Layer BSSAP SCCP MTP

Distribution Layer BSSAP SCCP MTP

DTAP (Direct Transfer Application Part):

Types of DTAP Messages:

Rad Int BTS

Radio Interface (Layer 1):

Radio Interface (Layer 3) Messages Categories:

Mobile Phone Mode:

Call Control Process

CC Release MM Release RR Release

Release Procedures (SDDCH)

Air Interface - Layer 2 Signaling:

Rad Int BTS

LAPDm (Link Access Protocol on Dm):

LAPDm Frames Flow:

Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 2 Layer 2

UA I - frame (C) RR I - frame (R) RR Disc DM (or UA)

Call Procedures are explained in great detail in the next section.

MS Terminated Call Procedure

MAP_SEND_ROUTING_ INFORMATION MAP_PROVIDE_ROAMING_ NUMBER

MAP_PROVIDE_ROAMING_ NUMBER ACK MAP_SEND_ROUTING_ INFORMATION ACK

MS Terminated Call Procedure Continue 1

(IMSI/TMSI) Channel Request

Channel Activation ACK

Immediate Assign Command T3101 + (L2 - UI)

Paging RESP (L2-SABM)

Paging Resp CR(COMPL - L3 - INFO) (CKSN,MS ID,CGI,CLrk2) CC T3113 -

MAP_SET_CIPHERING_MODE CIPHER MOD CMD(DT1) ENCR CMD

CIPHER MOD CMD

MAP_FORWARD_NEW_TMSI TMSI REAL CMD (DT1) DATA REQ

TMSI REAL CMD

<TMSI REAL CMD>

MS Terminated Call Procedure Continue 3

Abis interface BSC

SET-UP (DT1) T303 +

DATA REQ <SET UP>

DATA IND <CALL CONF> CALL CONF (DT1) T303 T310 +

ASSIGN REQ(DT1) (Ch type,CIC,L3 hd) PHYS CTX REQ

PHYS CTX CONF (BS/MS POW,TA)

Channel ACTIV (TCH)

Channel Activation ACK T9103 -

DATA REQ <ASSIGN CMD>

ASSIGN COM DATA IND <ASSIGN COM> ASSIGN COM(DT1) TNT2 -

RF CHAN REL (SDCCH) RF CHAN REL ACK

MS Terminated Call Procedure Continue 5 Um interface MS BTS

Abis interface BSC

E interface MSC GMSC

T313 + ACM(TUP) DATA IND <CONNECT> CONNECT (DT1) T301 -

CONNECT ACK (DT1) DTAP-CC

DATA REQ <CONNECT ACK>

CONNECT ACK T313 -

DISCONNECT DATA IND <DISC> DISCONNECT(DT1) DTAP-CC CBK(TUP)

RELEASE COM(DT1) T308 DTAP-CC CLF(TUP)