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ELECTRICAL TERMS
ELECTRICITY - IS THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS; IS A NAME GIVEN TO THE CAUSE OF ELECTRIC PHENOMENA OR MANIFESTATION. PROTON ELECTRON NEUTRON - POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES. - NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE - NOT ELECTRICALLY CHARGED

IONS - TERM APPLIED TO AN ATOM OR MOLECULES W/C IS NOT ELECTRICALLY BALANCED (THERE IS A LOSS OR GAIN OF ONE OR MORE ELECTRONS). VOLTAGE CONDUCTOR. - IS THE ELECTRICAL PRESSURE THAT CAUSES THE ELECTRONS TO MOVE THRU A

VOLTS - UNIT OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL; SMALL UNIT OF POWER IN ELECTRIC CURRENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE FLOWING THRU THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE TERMINAL; UNIT OF EMF. EMF AMPERAGE - THE FORCE THAT MAKES ELECTRONS MOVE IN A CIRCUIT. - THE FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT IN A CIRCUIT, EXPRESSED IN AMP.

AMPERE - A UNIT OF THE RATE OF FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT (AN EMT OF 1 VOLT ACROSS A RESISTANCE OF 1 OHM RESULTS IN A CURRENT FLOW OF 1 AMP) UNIT OF MEASURING ELECTRIC CURRENT. CURRENT CONDUCTOR . - THE FLOW OF ELECTRICITY IN CIRCUIT; RATE OF W/C ELECTRICITY FLOWS THRU A

RESISTANCE - THE OPPOSITION OR FRICTION TO THE FLOW OF CURRENT (RECIPROCAL OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE.) OHM RESISTOR CAPACITOR RHEOSTAT - UNIT OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE. - CONTROL THE FLOW OF CURRENT IN ELECTL CIRCUIT. - STORE ELECTRIC BATTERY. - CONTROL INTENSITY OF CURRENT FLOW.

OHMS LAW (GEORGE SIMON OHMS) - RELATION BETWEEN PRESSURE, CURRENT & RESISTANCE. I = CURRENT (AMP) V = EMP (VOLT) R = RESISTANCE (OHM) BATTERY A DEVICE CONSISTING OF SEVERAL CELLS CONNECTED TOGETHER & GENERATE EMF BY CHEMICAL ACTION. REGULATOR A DEVICE USED TO REGULATE THE FLOW OF ELECTRICITY; CONTROLS THE FLOW OF CURRENT TO THE DISTRIBUTION ELEMENTS. ANNUNCIATOR A SIGNALING DEVICE, USSUALLY ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, GIVING AN AUDIBLE SIGNAL & A VISUAL INDICATION WHEN ENERGIZED BY PRESSING A BUTTON.

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CIRCUIT THE ELECTRICAL PATH ; REFERS TO THE WIRE INSTALLATION IN THE HOUSES THAT SUPPLIES CURRENT TO LIGHT & CONVENIENCE OUTLET TYPES: 1. 2. SERIES CKT A CIRCUIT W/C SUPPLIES ELECTRIC POWER TO A NUMBER OF DEVICES CONNECTED; PARALLEL CKT ELECTRICAL WIRING CONNECTION;

SHORT CIRCUIT HIGH CURRENT FLOW CAUSED BY AN ABNORMAL CONNECTION IN AN ELECL CKT; WILL OCCUR WHEN FAULTY APPLIANCES OR EXPOSED WIRES TOUCH A CONDUCTOR.(CONTACT OF 2 LIVE WIRES.) CONDUCTOR ARE SUBSTANCES THAT CARRIES OR ALLOWS THE FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT; OFFERS LOW RESISTANCE TO THE FLOW OF ELECL CIRCUIT; INSULATOR AMPACITY SUBSTANCES THAT RESIST THE FLOW OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT; MATL USED TO STOP THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRICITY OR HEAT. THE ABILITY OF A CONDUCTOR TO CARRY ELECTRIC CURRENT W/O OVERHEATING; IS A CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY.

FEEDER IS A CIRCUIT CONDUCTOR BET. THE SERVICE EQUIPMENTT & THE BRANCH CIRCUIT OVER CURRENT DEVICE. JUMPER A PIECE OF METAL OR AN ELECL CONDUCTOR USSED TO BYPASS AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE IN AN ELECTRICAL SYSTEM. COPPER SILVER LEAD CORD WIRES WIRE MOST PREFERRED MATERIAL OF AN ELECTRIC WIRE BEST CONDUCTOR OF ELECTRICITY POOREST CONDUCTOR OF ELECTRICITY TERM GIVEN TO AN INSULATED WIRE AKA - CONDUCTOR A FILAMENT OR SLENDER ROD OF DRAWN METAL (AWG#8 OR SMALLER)

CABLE LARGER THAN WIRE; AN ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR CONSISTING OF A GROUP OF SMALLER DIAMETER CONDUCTOR STRANDS TWISTED TOGETHER. CONDUIT A TUBE OR PIPE USED TO PROTECT ELECTRIC WIRING; IS A PIPE CONTAINING THE WIRES; A STEEL OR NON- METALIC PIPE INTO W/C CABLES ARE DRAWN ; PROTECT ELECL WIRING; PIPE COMMONLY USED AS ELECTRICAL RACEWAY FOR HIDING WIRES. RACEWAY ARE CHANNELS DESIGNED FOR HOLDINGS WIRES, AND/OR CABLES, W/C ARE EITHER MADE OF METAL OR INSULATING MATERIAL RIGID CONDUIT ELECTRICAL ROUGH IN. CABLE TRAY ASSEMBLY OF METAL WORKS W/C IS USED TO SUPPORT INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS, SIMILAR IN FUNCTION TO METAL CABLE DUCTS BUT CONSISTING AF A LADDER LIKE METAL FRAME WORK ON THE BOTTOM & SIDE W/ THE TOP OPEN. OUTLETS POINTS IN THE WIRING SYSTEM AT W/C CURRENT IS TAPPED TO SUPPLY UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT; AN OUTLET IS ANY POINT THAT SUPPLIES ELECTRICITY. KINDS: 1. C. O.

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2. 3. L.O. INTENDED FOR DIRECT CONNECTION OF A LIGHTING FIXTURE. RECEPTACLE OUTLET WHERE ONE OR MORE RECEPTACLES ARE INSTALLED.

RECEPTACLE CONTACT DEVICES INSTALLED AT THE OUTLET FOR THE CONNECTION OF A SINGLE ATTACHMENT PLUG. SWITCH DEVICE W/ SERVES TO OPEN OR CLOSE THE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT. JUNCTION BOX MASTER & SLAVE STATION; A BOX W/ BANK COVER W/C SERVES THE PURPOSE OF JOINING DIFF RUNS OF RACEWAY OR CABLE, & PROVIDED W/ SUFFICIENT SPACE FOR CONNECTION & BRANCHING OF THE ENCLOSED CIRCUIT. UTILITY BOX BOX USED FOR MOUNTING LIGHT CONTROL. BRANCH CIRCUIT THE CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS BET. THE FINAL OVERCURRENT DEVICE PROTECTING THE CIRCUIT & THE OUTLETS. OVERCURRENT ANY CURRENT IN EXCESS OF THE RATED CURRENT CAPACITY OF THE EQUIPMENT OR THE RATED AMPACITY OF THE CONDUCTOR. PROTECTION FOR OVERCURRENT: SAFETY SWITCH PROTECTS EQUIPT & APPLIANCES IN CASE OF CURREBT FUNCTUATION CIRCUIT BREAKER IS AN OVERCURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICE (FUNCTION AS A SWITCH) EQUIPPED W/ AN AUTOMATIC TRIPPING DEVICE TO PROTECT THE BRANCH CIRCUIT FROM OVERLOAD & GROUND FAULT; SAFETY MEASURE AGAINST TOO MUCH PRESSURE. FUSE OVERCURRENT DEVICE W/ A CIRCUIT OPENING FUSIBLE ELEMENT W/C OPENS WHEN THERE IS AN OVERCURRENT IN THE CKT. (RENEWABLE OR ONE TIME);CONSIDERED AS THE SIMPLEST & MOST COMMON CKT PROTECTIVE DEVICE; CHEAPEST TYPE OF TIME AUTOMATIC CIRCUIT OPENING DEVICE. DISTRIBUTION PANEL AN EQUIPMENT AT THE SERVICE ENTRANCE THAT DISTRIBUTES THE ELECTRICITY THRU THE BUILDING. PANEL BOARD SINGLE PANEL. A LARGE SINGLE PANEL, FRAME OR ASSEMBLY OF PANELS IN THE FORM OF

SERVICE ENTRANCE THE WIRE FROM THE MERALCO POLE TO THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT OF THE BLDG. ; UNDERGROUND. SWITCH BOARD A LARGE SINGLE ELECTRIC CONTROL PANEL, FRAME, OR ASSEMBLY OF PANELS W/C ARE MOUNTED SWITCHES, PROTECTIVE DEVICES, BUSES,ETC.

ELETRICAL SYSTEM OF A BUILDING (SYSTEM COMPONENTS)

1. WIRINGS WIRES & CABLES FEE DER (BIGGER CABLE) ELECTRICAL RACEWAY (BIG) CONDUIT (SMALL) 2. POWER HANDLING EQUIPMEMR a. b. c. d. TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT BREAKER SWITCH BOARD FUSE BOX

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e. 3. a. b. c. d. PANEL BOARD APPLIANCE CONSUMES ELECTRICAL ENERGY (GENERIC TERM IS LOAD) DEVICE DOES NOT CONSUME ELECTRICAL ENERGY BUT RATHER CHANNELS IT EQUIPMENT APPLIANCES, FIXTURES, APPARATUS FITTINGS AN ACCESSORY.

UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT

ONE (1) HORSEPOWER = 746 WATTS. WATT RATE OF POWER USED (ENERGY CONSUMED); UNIT OF POWER; VOLTS X AMPERE. CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT 1. 2. DIRECT CURRENT (DC) CURRENT W/C FLOWS IN ONLY ONE DIRECTION; FLOW OF CURRENT THAT TAKE PLACE AT CONSTANT TIME RATE. ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) FLOW OF CURRENT IS PERIODICALLY VARYING IN TIME RATE & DIRECTION.

POWER EQUALS AMPERE x VOLTAGE ENERGY POWER x TIME KILOWATT EQUAL TO 1.34 HORSE POWER (HP) KILOWATT-HOUR METER AN INSTRUUMENT USED TO MEASURES THE ENERGY CONSUMED OVER A PERIOD OF TIME. WATTMETER AN INST. THAT MEASURES THE AMT OF INSTANTANEOUS POWER OR POWER IN USE AT ANY ONE TIME; ELECTRIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENT. AMMETER USED TO MEASURE ELECTRIC CURRENT; DEVICE USED TO MEASURE RATE OF FLOW OF ELECTRICITY. (HIGH INSUL. RESISTANCE) OHMMETER AN INST. USED TO MEASURE THE RESISTANCE OF A CONDUCTOR. VOLTMETER AN INST. USED FOR MEASURING THE VOLTAGE DROP BET. ANY TWO POINTS IN AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT. VOLTAGE DROP THE DIFF. FROM EMF BET. 2 PTS IN AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT. TRANSFORMER A DEVICE TO CONVERT ELECTL ENERGY INTO HIGHER OR LOWER VOLTAGE; A DYNAMO ELECTRIC DEVICE USED FOR CHANGING ONE CURRENT TO ANOTHER ; DEVICE USED TO TRANSFORM AC OF ONE VOLTAGE TO A.C. OF ANOTHER VOLTAGE. RECTIFIER A DEVICE USED TO CONVERTS AC TO DC CURRENT. GENERATOR A DEVICE FOR ENERGY FROM MECHL TO ELECL ENERGY; MACHINE THAT CONVERTS MECHL TO ELECL ENERGY. MOTOR A MACHINE W/C CONVERTS ELECTRIC POWER INTO MECHL POWER. ALTERNATOR A DEVICE FOR GENERATING AN ALTERNATING EMF; IS A GENERATOR OF AN AC. IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY BY MEANS OF A ROTOR.

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AVERAGE LOAD RATING IN WATTS LIGHT OUTLET CONVENIENCE OUTLET RANGE REFRIGERATOR ACU hp. ACU 1 hp. WIRE SIZE No. SIZE (mm) # 14 = 2.0 mm #12 = 3.5 mm #10 = 5.5 mm #8 = 8.0 mm 100w 200w 8,000w 800w 1,200w 2,400w CONDUIT DIAMETER INCHES MILLIMETER = 15 mm diameter = 20 mm diameter = 20 mm diameter 1 = 25 mm diameter AMPACITY MAX. 20 AMP 30 AMP 40 AMP 55 AMP 6 L.O & C.O. 8 L.O.& C.O. / REF ACU & MOTORS RANGE & MOTORS APPLICATION WASHING MACHINE HAND IRON WATER PUMP WATER HEATER 1,200w 1,700w 300w 1,500w

FLEXIBLE METAL CLAD CABLE (BX) - MOST COMMON TYPE OF CABLE RUN W/ O RACEWAY; NEC TYPE AC METAL CLAD CABLE.

TH - MOISTURE RESISTANT THERMOPLASTIC THW MOISTURE & HEAT RESISTANT THERMOPLASTIC (DRY & WET LOCATION) XHHN MOISTURE & HEAT RESISTANT CROSS LINKED THERMOSETTING POLYETHELENE

CONVERSION : WIRE SIZE IN mm DIAMETER = CIRCULAR MILS x 0.0005067

ACOUSTICS & LIGHTING

ACOUSTICS - THE SCIENCE OF SOUND, INCLUDING THE GENERATION, TRANSMISSION & EFFECTS OF SOUND WAVES . SOUND - IS A SENSATION FELT BY THE BRAIN RESULTING FFROM THE DISTURBANCE OF MOLECULES IN THE AIR . NOISE - UNPLEASANT & UNWANTED SOUND. ECHO - IS A DISTINCT, SEPARATE OR DELAXED SOUND HEARD, AS A RESULT OF REFLECTION OF SOUND COMING FROM ANY SMOOTH WALLS OR SURFACES IS ASOUND WAVE THAT REFLECTED OR BOUNCED BACK W/ SUCH MAGNITUDE & DELAY. REVERBERATION - PROLONGATION OF SOUND CAUSED BY PERSISTENCE OF SOUND

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ENERGY W/IN A ROOM FOR A CERTAIN PERIOD OF TIME . DECIBEL - MEASURE OF LOUDNESS OF SOUND; UNIT OF LOUDNESS OR ENERGY OF SOUND BRIGHTNESS - SUBJECTIVE IMPRESSION OF LIGHT REACHING THE EYE; RATE OF FLOW OF RADIANT ENERGY EVALUATED W/ RESPECT TO THE VISCIAL SENSATION. DECAY TIME - REVERBERATION TIME LUMEN - UNIT OF LUMINOUS FLUX; QUANTITY OF LIGHT MEASUREMENT; UNIT OF LIGHT ENERGY USED TO SPECIFY LIGHT OUTPUT OF SOURCES. LUMINOUS FLUX - THE TIME RATE OF FLOW OF LIGHT CANDELA - THE UNIT OF LUMINOUS INTENSIT; EQUAL TO ONE (1) CANDLEPOWER CANDLEPOWER - LUMINOUS INTENSITY OR INTENSITY OF LIGHT PRODUCED BY LIGHT SOURCE MEASURED IN CANDELAS FOOTCANDLE - UNIT OF ILLUMINATION; UNIT MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT FOOTLAMBER - UNIT OF LUMINANACE; UNIT OF BRIGHTNES ILLUMINANCE - THE DENSITY OF THE LUMINOUS FLUX INCIDENT ON A SURFACE LUMINANCE (BRIGHTNESS) - THE LUMINOUS INTENSITY OF THE SURFACE IN A GIVEN DIRECTION PER UNIT OF PROJECTED AREA OF THE SURFACE AS VIEWED FROM THAT DIRECTION LUX - UNIT OF LUMINANCE INTENSITY - AMOUNT OF ENERGY OF SOUND LUMINAIRE - COMPLETE LIGHTING UNIT COSISTING OF LAMP OR LAMPS TOGETHER W/ THE PARTS DESIGNED TO DISTRIBUTE LIGHT, TO POSITION & PROTECT LIGHT, & CONNECT LAMPS TO POWER SUPPLY; A DEVICE OR FIXTURE W/C SUPPORT THE SOURCE OF ELECTRIC LIGHT & REDIRECT IT DIFFUSER - DEVICE TO REDIRECT OR SSCATTER THE LIGHT FROM A SOURCE REFLECTOR - DEVICE USED TO REDIRECT LIGHT FROM A SOURCE REFRACTOR - DEVISE USED TO REDIRECT RAY OF LIGHT BAFFLE - OPAQUE OR TRANSLUCENT ELEMENT USED TO SHEILD LIGHT SOURCE FROM DIRECT VIEW AT CERTAIN ANGLES LOUVERS - SERIES OF BAFFLES USED TO SHEILD LIGHT SOURCES VALENCE - LONGITUDINAL SHEILDING MEMBER MOUNTED ACROSS THE TOP OF A WINDOW OR ALONG A WALL TO CONCEAL LIGHT SOURCES W/C PROVIDE UP AND DOWN LIGHT ACCENT LIGHT - DIRECTIONAL LIGHT W/C EMPHAZISES OBJECTS OR DRAWS ATTENTION TO A PART OF VISUAL FIELD CORNICE LIGHTING - LIGHTING FROM SOURCES EBHIND PANEL TO WALL & ATTACHED TO CEILING . (LIGHT IS DISTRIBUTED OVER WALLS)

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FLOOD LAMP - INCANDESCENT LAMP W/C PRODUCES A RELATIVELY WIDE BEAM OF LIGHT SOFFIT LIGHTING - LIGHTING FROM SURFACES IN UNDERSURFACES OF BEAM, BALCONY, VAULT, ETC. LAMP - MAN MADE SOURCE OF LIGHT BULB OTHER ENVELOPE OF LIGHT SOURCE, USALLY QUARTS OR GLASS CREEP - REFLECTION OF SOUND ON CURVED SURFACE HUE - OTHER TERM FOR COLOR SHADE - BLACK + P TINT - WHITE + p 50 WATTS x 1ft LEVEL - LIGHT REQD FOR DRAFTSMAN FLUTTER ECHO - RAPID SUCCESSION OF REFLESTED SOUNDWAVES RESULTING FROM A SINGLE INITIAL SOUND PULSE FOCUSING - OCCURS WHEN SOUND WAVES ARE REFLECTED FROM CONCAVE SURFACES & BUILD UP DIFFUSION - SOUND LEVEL IS EVERYWHERE THE SAME

5 TYPES OF LIGHTING : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. DIRECT SHINES DIRE CTLY ON AN OBJECT. INDIRECT REFLECTED FROM LARGE SURFACES. SEMI-DIRECT SHINES MAINLY DOWN AS DIRECT LIGHT. SEMI- INDIRECT SMALL PORTION OF SEMI-DIRECT LIGHT IS DIRECTED UPWARD. DIFFUSED SPREAD EVENLY IN ALL DIRECTIONS.

THREE (3) METHODS OF GOOD LIGHTING 1. 2. 3. GENERAL LIGHTING SPREADS AN EVEN, LOW LEVEL LIGHT THROUGHOUT A ROOM.. SPECIFIC (LOCAL) LIGHTING DIRECTS LIGHT TO AN AREA USED FOR A SPECIFIC VISUAL TASK. DECORATIVE LIGHTING MAKES USE OF LIGHTS TO DEVP DIFFERENT MOODS AND TO ACCENT OBJECTS FOR INTEREST. THREE (3) GROUPS OF LIGHT FIXTURES:

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1. VALANCE IS A LONG SOURCE OF LIGHT OVER A WINDOW. ITS LIGHTS ILLUMINATES THE WALL & DRAPERIES FOR THE SPACIOUS EFFECT THAT DAYLIGHT GIVES A ROOM. 2. WALL BRACKET BALANCES THE LIGHT OF A VALANCE. IT GIVES AN UPWARD DOWNWARD WASH OF LIGHT DIFFICULT TO OBTAIN ON AN INNER WALL. 3. CORNICE IS ATTACHED TO THE WALL & CAN BE USED W/ OR W/OUT DRAPES. ALL LGIHT FROM THIS FIXTURE IS DIRECTED DOWNWARD, TO GIVE AN IMPRESSION OF HEIGHT TO THE ROOM.

TYPES OF CEILING FIXTURES: 1. RECESSED LIGHTING 2. ATTACHED 3. HANGING 4. CORNICE 5. SOFFIT 6. LUMINOUS CEILING

TYPES OF WALL FIXTURES:] 1. COVE LIGHTING 2. ACCENT LIGHTING 3. VALANCE LIGHTING 4. WALL BRACKET LIGHTING

ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL

TWO (2) TYPES OF ELEVATOR: 1. HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR 2. ELECTRIC ELEVATORS TYPES OF ELEVATOR TRACTION MACHINE 1. GEARLESS TRACTION MACHINE 2. GEARED TRACTION MACHINE OTHER PARTS OF ELECTL ELEV. 1. CONTROL PANEL 2. MOTOR GENERATOR 3. GOVERNOR 4. GUIDE SHOES 5. LIMIT SWITCHES 6. BUFFER

MAJOR PARTS OF ELECT. ELEVATOR 1. CAR 2. CABLE

MAJOR PARTS OF A HYDRAULIC ELEV 1. CAR OR CAB 2. PLUNGER

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3. ELEVATOR MACHINE 4. COUNTER WEIGHTS 5. GUIDE RAILS 6. SHAFT HOISTWAY 7. ELEVATOR PIT 8. PENTHOUSE 9. CONTROL EQUIPMENT OTHER PARTS OF HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR: 1. FLOOR STOP & LIMIT SWITCH 2. CREEPAGE & LEVELING CAR SWITCH 3. CAR GATE SWITCH 4. GATE VALVE 5. CONTROLLER 6. MOTOR & PUMP W/ TANK MAJOR PARTS OF ESCALATOR: 1. TRUSS 2. SPROCKET ASSEMBLY 3. DRIVING MAN 4. BALUSTRADE ASSEMBLY 5. HANDRAIL 6. ENDLESS BELT ROD. ARRAGEMENT: 1. CRISS-CROSS 2. PARALLEL 3. GUIDE RAILS 4. GUIDE SHOES 5. SPRING BUFFER 6. SHAFT OR HOISTWAY 7. ELEV. MACHINE ROOM 8. ELEV. PIT 9. CONTROL UNIT OTHER PARTS OF ELECT ELEV: 1. TRACKS 2. EMERGY BRAKES 3. CONTROLLER 4. EMERGENCY STOP BUTTON 5. KEY-OPERATED SWITCHES

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PLUMBING AND SANITARY TERMS

BIBB FAUCET CAP PLUG SYNONYMOUS WITH FAUCET, COCK, TAP. PLUG, ET. (FAUCET) A VALVE ON A WATER PIPE BY MEANS OF W/C WATER CAN BE DRAWN FROM OF HELD WITH IN THE PIPE. A FITTING INTO WHICH THE END OF A PIPE IS SREWED FOR THE PURPOSE OF CLOSING THE END OF THE PIPE. A PIPE FITTING WITH OUTSIDE THREAD & PROTECTING HEADS THAT IS USED FOR CLOSING THE OPENING IN ANOTHER FITTING (CLEAN OUT, P. TRAP). NIPPLE SLEEVE COUPLING PIPE FITTING WITH OUTSIDE THREAD FOR CONNECTING TWO PIPES. A PIPE COUPLING. A PIPE FITTING WITH INSIDE THREAD FOR CONNECTING TWO PIPES; METHOD OF PIPE CONNECTION; A SHORT INTERNALLY THREADED SECTION OF A PIPE USED TO JOIN TWO PIPES OR CONDUIT. UNION SERVICE ELL, STREET ELL A MALLEABLE-IRON FITTING FOR THREADEDPIPE, HAVING 45 DEGREE OR 90 DEGREE BEND, WITH INSIDE THREAD ON ONE END & OUTSIDE THREAD ON THE OTHER. REDUCER ARE FITTING USED TO CONNECT PIPES OF DIFF. SIZES IN THE SAME LINE ; A PIPE COUPLING, WITH INSIDE THREADS, HAVING ONE END WITH SMALLER DIAMETER THAN THE OTHER. INCREASER ELBOW TEE A COUPLING WITH ONE END IS LARGER THAN THE OTHER. A FITTING JOINING TWO PIPES AT AN ANGLE. T SHAPED FITTING WITH TWO OUTLET S, ONE AT 90 DEGREE TO THE CONECTION TO THE MAIN LINE; FITTING SHOULD NEVER BE USED WITH PIPES CARRYING SEWAGE BUT MAY BE USED W/ VENT PIPES ; CHANGE IN DRAINAGE NOR DIRECTION. RISER A WATER SUPPLY PIPE THAT EXTENDS VERTICALLY ONE FULL STOREY OR MORE TO CONVEY WATER TO BRANCHES OF FIXTURES . (VERTICAL PIPE IN H2O SUPPLY LINE.) SERVICE PIPE THE PIPE FROM THE WATER MAIN OR SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY TO THE BUILDING SERVED. A PIPE FITTING USED TO CONNECT THE ENDS OF TWO PIPES, NEITHER OF WHICH CAN BE TURNED.

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HYDRANT HOSE REEL A CYLINDRICAL RESERVOIR USSUALLY OF METAL; AN APPRATUS FOR DRAWING WATER DIRECTLY FROM A MAIN. A CYLINDRICAL DEVICE WHICH TURN ON AN AXIS AROUND WHICH A FIRE HOSE IS WOUND & CONNECTED. TYPES OF VALVES & CONTROLS a. GATE VALVE A VALVE IN WHICH THE FLOW OF WATER IS CUT OFF BY MEANS OF A CIRCULAR DISK. THIS VALVE IS USED WHEN A NORMAL FULLY OPEN OR CLOSED POSITIONS IS DESIRED. EITHER END MAY BE USED AS AN INLET. GLOBE VALVE CHECK VALVE ANGLE VALVE USED WHEN IT IS DESIRED TO THROTTLE THE WATER SUPPLY. SAME END MUST ALWAYS BE USED AS AN INLET. A VALVE THAT AUTOMATICALLY CLOSES TO PREVENT THE FLOW OF WATER IN A REVERSE DIRECTION. CHANGES THE DIRECTION OF THE FLOW OF WATER AS WELL AS CONTROL IT. ACT SOMEWHAT LIKE GLOVE VALVE BUT ARE USUALLY USED FOR A RIGHT ANGLE TIRN. FLUSH VALVE FORM A VALVE USED IN A FLUSH TUNK FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONTROLLING THE FLUSHING OF FIXTURES. TYPES OF CHECK VALVE: SWING CHECK VALVE HAS PIVOTED FLAP WHICH IS READILY PUSHED OPEN BY PRESSURE NOR OR LIFT CHECK VALVE CONSIST OF A LOOSE DISK WHICH CLOSES BY GRAVITY WHEN THE PRESSURE ON BOTH SIDES ARE EQUAL. BALL CLOCK A FAUCET OPENED OR CLOSED BY THE FALL OR RISE OF A BALL FLOATING ON THE SURFACE OF WATER W/ A SPHERICAL FLOAT. CORPORATION COCK A STOP VALVE PLACED IN A SERVICE PIPE CLOSE TO ITS CONNECTION W/ A WATER MAIN; A DEVICE INSTALLED WHEN TAPPING A CITY WATER MAIN WITH PRESSURE. KINDS OF FAUCET: KEY COCK COMPRESSION COCK HOSE BIBB SELF CLOSING FAUCET

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TWO TYPES OF SPRINKLER: UPRIGHT PENDENT USED ABOVE PIPING WHEN PIPING IS EXPOSED. THIS TYPE PROJECTS THRU A FINISHED CEILING WHEN PIPING IS CONCEALED.

THRREE WAYS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION: UPFEED SYSTEM FROM NORMAL WATER PRESSURE FROM PUBLIC WATER MAIN LOW RISE BLDGS. PNEUMATIC TANK FROM AIR PRESSURE FROM SUNCTION TANK FOR TALL BLDGS. W/C CANNOT BE REACHED BY NORMALWATER PRESSURE. DOWNFEED SYSTEM BY GRAVITY FROM OVERHEAD TANKS ARE SUPPORTED BY STRUCTURAL FRAMES. COLOR CODE FOR PIPES: POTABLE WATER ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIAL SEWAGE STAND PIPE HOT WATER PRESSURE. BACK FLOW TERM ONLY FOR WATER. REVERSAL OF FLOW OF WATER (DRAWBACK) THE FLOW OF WATER INTO A WATERSUPPLY SYSTEM FROM ANY SOURCE OTHER THAN ITS REGULAR SOURCE. BACK SIPHONAGE A SUCTION CREATED BY THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS IN PIPES. VACUUM AN AIR PRESSURE LESS THAN ATMOSPHERIC. VENT A PIPE OR OPENING USED FOR ENSURING THE CIRCULATION OF AIR IN A PLUMBING SYSTEM & FOR REDUCING THE PRESSURE EXETED ON TRAP SEALS. IS A DEVICE INSTALLED IN A HOUSE DRAIN INTENDED TO PREVENT THE THE BACKFLOW OF SEWAGE; DEVICE THAT PREVENT THE LOSS OF SEAL BY SIPHONAGE, BACK PRESSURE, ETC. VENT STACK (DRY) A VERTICAL VENT PIPE INSTALLED PRIMARILIY FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING CIRCULATION OF AIR (MAIN VENT,) - BLUE - ORANGE OR LT GRAY - GRAY - ORANGE BROWN - RED - WHITE BENDS EQUIVALENT IN DEGREES x 360 = 90 1/8 x 360=45 1/5 x 360=72 1/16 x 360= 22.5 G.I. PIPES = 6.00m LENGTH MAX. PVC PIPES = 3.00m LENGTH MAX.

COMMUNICATION CABLE - YELLOW

BACK PRESSURE AIR PRESSURE IN DRAINAGE PIPESN GREATER THAN ATMOSPHERIC

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STACK VENT (WET)

IS THE EXTENSION OF A SOIL OR WASTE STACK ABOVE THE HIGHEST HORIZONTAL DRAIN CONNECTED TO THE STACK .

WET VENT (TERM FOR SECONDARY BRANCH) DRY VENT BACK VENT PIPE (INDIVIDUAL VENT PIPE) THE PART OF A VENT LINE WHICH CONNECTS DIRECTLY WITH AN INDIVIDUAL TRAP UNDERNEATH OR BEHIND THE FIXTURE & EXTENDS TO THE BRANCH OR MAIN, SOIL, OR WASTE PIPE AT ANY POINT HIGHER THAN THE FIXTURE TRAP IT SERVES. UNIT VENT DUAL VENT BRANCH VENT GROUP VENT CIRCUIT VENT AN ARRANGEMENT OF VENTING SO INSTALLED THAT ONE VENT PIPE WILL SERVE TWO (2) TRAPS. A.K.A.UNIT VENT OR COMMON VENT. DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO A VENT STACK. A BRANCH VENT THAT PERFORMS ITS FUNCTION FOR TWO (2) OR MORE TRAPS. (SEE DUAL & UNIT VENT.) A GROUP VENT EXTENDING FROM IN FRONT OF THE LAST FIXTURE CONNECTION ON A HORIZONTAL BRACNH TO THE VENT STACK. (SEE ALSO LOOP VENT, BRANCH VENT.); PIPE CONNECTED TO A HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPE RECEIVING THE DISCHARGE. ( MIN OF 5 FIXTURES OR POSSIBLE OF 20 FIXTURES). RELIEF VENT A VENT THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF WHICH IS TO PROVIDE CIRCULATION OF AIR BETWEEN DRAINAGE & VENT SYSTEM, ( IS USED IF THERE ARE MORE THAN 10 FIXTURES) CONTINOUS VENT STACK SOIL STACK I S A VERTICAL VENT THAT IS CONTINUATION OF THE A GENERAL TERM USED FOR ANY VERTICAL LINE OF SOILWASTE OR VENT PIPING. A VERTICAL SOIL PIPE CONVEYING FECAL MATTER & DRAIN, TO WHICH THE VENT CONNECTS (OR USTR). A VENT PIPE CONNESTING FROM ABRANCH OF THE WET VENT IS THAT PORTION OF A VENT PIPE THRU WHICH LIQUID WASTE FLOW. A VENT THAT DOES NOT CARRY WATER OR WATER-BORNE WASTES.

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LIQUID WASTE; A VERTICAL PIPE WHICH RECEIVES THE DISCHARGE FROM WATER CLOSET. WASTE STACK COMM0N VENT FIXTURE VERTICAL PIPE WHICH RECEIVES THE DISCHARGE OF FIXTURES OTHER THAN WATER CLOSET. USED FOR BACK TO BACK FIXTURES (SEE UNIT/ DUAL VENT). A RECEPTACLE ATTACHED TO A PLUMBING SYSTEM OTHER THAN A TRAP IN WHICH WATER OR WASTES MAY BE COLLECTED OR RETAILED FOR ULTIMATE DISCHARGE INTO THE PLUMBING SYSTEM. FIXTURE UNIT FIXTURE DRAIN FIXTURE BRANCH GRADE (PITCH) 71/2 GAL/MIN (WATER CONSUMPTION). THE DRAIN FROM THE TRAP OF FIXTURE TO THE JUCNTION OF THE DRAIN WITH ANY OTHER DRAIN PIPE. THE SUPPLY PIPE BETWEEN THE FIXTURE & THE WATER DISTRUBUTING PIPE . THE SLOPE OR FALL OF A LINE OF PIPE IN REFERENCE TO A HORIZONTAL PLANE USUALLY EXPRESSED IN PERCENT (2% SLOPE & PROVIDE A STRAP @ EVERY 3.0 MTS.) LATRINE A WATER CLOSET CONSISTING OF A CONTINOUS TROUGH CONTAINING WATER . THE TROUGH EXTENDS UNDER TWO (2) OR MORE ADJACENT SEATS. (PROHIBITED BY HEALTH AUTHORITIES FOR PERMANENT INSTALLATIONS). SEPTIC VAULT SEPTIC TANK 1 CHAMBER IS A WATERTIGHT RECEPTACLE WHICH RECEIVES THE DISCHARGE OF A PLUMBING SYSTEM OR PART THEREOF. (2 CHAMBER)

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