ABO Analysis

American Board of Orthodontics

Dr. Rajiv Yadav. M.S.D. Ortho.

What is ABO Analysis?

Standard cephalometric analysis proposed by the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) Compilation of other analyses: Downs Steiners McNamara Wits Appraisal Tweeds Rickets

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

Cranial Base
S 130 N

Cranial Base

BaS-N

130

Skeletal landmarks: Basion, Sela, Nasion

Ba

Effects: -less than 130o short-face -more than 130o long-face If angle changes, theres an effect on the temporal bone

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

Area of Study
Cranial Base Types of - Maxilla to Cranial Base measurements - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

A. Maxilla to Cranial Base

S 82 N

Maxilla to Cranial Base

SNA

82

Skeletal landmarks: Sela, Nasion, Point A

Point A

From Steiners analysis Determines location of Maxilla in relation to Cranial Base Increase angle prognathic Decrease angle retrognathic

B. Maxilla to Cranial Base

N

Maxilla to Cranial Base

N-A-FH

90

90 Point A

Skeletal landmarks: Nasion, Point A, Frontal Horizontal plane From McNamara analysis If increase forward growth of maxilla or prognathic. If decrease backward growth of maxilla or retrognathic.

C. Maxilla to Cranial Base

Maxilla to Cranial Base A-Nas Vert. (mm) -2mm

Skeletal landmarks: Point A, Nasion Verticale

Nas Vert. FH

From McNamara analysis Draw a perpendicular line from the frontal horizontal plane If increases prognathic maxilla

-2mm

Point A

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base Types of - Mandible to Cranial Base measurements Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

A. Mandible to Cranial Base

S 80 N

Mandible to Cranial Base

SNB

80

Skeletal landmarks: Sela, Nasion, Basion

From Steiners analysis

Determines location of Mandible in relation to Cranial Base
Point B

Increase angle prognathic mandible Decrease angle retrognathic mandible

B. Mandible to Cranial Base

N

Mandible NPog-FH to Cranial Base

88

FH 88

Skeletal landmarks: Nasion Pogonion, Frontal Horizontal plane From Downs analysis Increase angle prognathic mandible Decrease angle retrognathic mandible

Pog

C. Mandible to Cranial Base

Mandible Pog-N -6mm to Cranial Vert. Base (mm) Skeletal landmarks: Pogonion, Nasion Vertical
Nas Vert.

FH

From ABO analysis

Nasion vertical line is perpendicular to Frankfurt Horizontal line From Nasion Vertical to Pogonion, measure the distance: -Increase mm retrognathic -Decrease mm prognathic

Pog -6mm

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Types of measure Vertical height ments Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

A. Maxillo-Mandibular Relationship
N

MaxilloMandibular Relationship

ANB

Point A 2

Skeletal landmarks: Point A, Nasion, Point B From Steiners analysis Relates to the maxillary denture base to mandibular denture base

Point B

Increase angle Class II Decrease angle Class III

B. Maxillo-Mandibular Relationship
N

MaxilloMandibular Relationship

A-NPog

1mm

Point A 1mm

Skeletal landmarks: Point A, Nasion Pogonion Measure the distance from Point A to Nasion Pogonion line

Effect: -more than 1 mm prognathic maxilla -less than 1 mm retrognathic maxilla

Pog

C. Maxillo-Mandibular Relationship
AO

MaxilloMandibular Relationship

Wits

2mm

2mm

An occlusal line from posterior teeth in occlusion to incisal tip

BO

Perpendicular line from Point A to occlusal plane, and perpendicular line from Point B to occlusal plane. Measure distance between BO to AO.
Increase mm prognathic denture base Decrease mm retrognathic denture base.

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Types of measurements Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

A. Vertical Height
Vertical Height
N S 32 32

SNMPA

32

Extend mandibular plane and sela nasion line to get an angle of 32o From Steiners analysis Effect: -increase vertical height skeletal open bite -decrease vertical height skeletal deep bite

MPA

B. Vertical Height
Vertical Height FMA 25 Extend mandibular plane and frankfurt horizontal line to get an angle of 25o
FH
25

From Downs analysis Effect: -increase vertical height skeletal open bite -decrease vertical height skeletal deep bite

MPA

C. Vertical Height
Vertical Height
N

N-ANS (%) ANS-Me (%)

45% 55%

45% ANS

Normally, lower region of face comprises 55% because mandible grows downward and forward which suggests its bigger proportion
If not normal, then unproportion face

55%

Me

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Types of measurements Soft tissue

A. Maxillary & Mandibular Incisor Position

Max. & Mand. Incisor Position
N S 104

U1-SN

104

Landmarks: -sela nasion tip of incisal and apex of root bisects the line to get the angle To determine the position of incisors

U1

Effect: -if angle increases protrusion of upper incisors -if angle decreases retrusion of upper incisors

B. Maxillary & Mandibular Incisor Position

N

Max. & Mand. Incisor Position

U1-NA (mm)

4mm

Utilizes nacion and point A From the NA line measure the distance the labial surface of upper central incisors or U1 From Steiner analysis
4mm

U1

Point A

Effect: -increase distance upper incisors protruded -decrease distance upper incisors retruded

C. Maxillary & Mandibular Incisor Position

N

Max. & Mand. Incisor Position

U1-NA

22

From Steiners analysis

22

Point A U1

Utilizes the nasion point A line and bisecting line of upper one. Effect: -increase angle labioversion or protrusion of U1 -decrease angle linguoversion or retrusive U1

D. Maxillary & Mandibular Incisor Position

Max. & Mand. Incisor Position IMPA 90

From Tweeds analysis This relates to the mandibular plane to lower incisors. The value 90o for lower incisors makes it stable because it is located on the basal bone (most compact part of the bone) Effect ; -angle increases protrusion -angle decreases retrusion

90 IMPA

E. Maxillary & Mandibular Incisor Position

N

Max. & Mand. Incisor Position From Steiners analysis

L1-NB (mm)

4mm

Utilizes the nasion point B line Measure the distance from NB line to the labial surface of the lower incisors. Effect: -distance increases protruded incisors -distance decreases retrusive incisors

L1 4mm Point B

F. Maxillary & Mandibular Incisor Position

N

Max. & Mand. Incisor Position

L1-NB

25

From Steiners analysis Utilizes the NB line and bisecting line of lower incisors or L1 Effect: -angle increases labioversion of the lower incisors -angle decreases linguoversion of the lower incisors

L1 Point B 25

G. Maxillary & Mandibular Incisor Position

Point A

Max. & Mand. Incisor Position

L1APog

2mm

L1

2mm

Utilizes the point A Pogonion line and measure the distance from APog line to the labial surface of lower incisors Effect: -distance increases protrusion -distance decreases retrusive

Pog

H. Maxillary & Mandibular Incisor Position

Max. & Mand. Incisor Position U1-L1 130

From Downs and Steiners analysis

U1
130

This utilizes the bisecting line of the upper incisors or U1 and bisecting line of lower incisors or L1 to get the interincisal angle Effect: -if angle increases there is uprighting of upper and lower incisors -if angle decreses protrusion

L1

Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue

Soft Tissue
Soft Tissue
Tip of nose

E-lineLower lip

-2mm

Analysis for soft tissue

Draw a line from tip of the nose to the tip of the chin, and then measure the distance between the E-line (or aesthetic line) and the lower lip Effect: -if increases protrusion of the lips -if decreases retrusion of the lips

-2mm

Tip of chin

Summary