Aire Hmedo

Aire hmedo
T1=cte Patm T Pv2 T Pv1

T1=30C p=0.04241 Sv Sa

Evaporacin

Temperatura de roco
Enfriamiento a p=cte

pa =

na .p na + nv nv pv = .p na + nv

p = pv + pa

Humedad relativa
PvB PvA P B A Q W T=cte

pvA pv ,t = pvB ps ,t

pv ,t p s ,t

Humedad absoluta
Es la relacin entre la masa de agua y la masa de aire seco

x= x= x=

mw ma M w nw . M a na

x=

mw ma + mw

x = 0.622.

pv p pv

n 18.02 nw . = 0.622. w 28.97 na na pv pa

x = 0.622.

Humedad absoluta
xs = 0.622. pvs p pvs

xs = f (t , p )
X 2 1 3 X=Xs 2 1 1-2: p=cte t 1-3: p=cte t=cte t1>t3 pv2>pv1 pv=cte x2>x1 x=cte

Zona de niebla X1 3

Zona no saturada

t1

Grado de saturacin
= = x xs pv p pvs . pvs p pv p pvs p pv = pv pvs

= .

pa .v = Ra .T

Ecuacin de estado del aire hmedo

pv .v = x.Rv .T ( pv + pa ).v = ( Ra + x.Rv ).T p = pa + pv p.v = ( Ra + x.Rv ).T

Ra = 29.26. Rv = 47.07. kgr.m kg.K kgr.m kg.K

Entalpa del aire hmedo no saturado

Aire seco, h0=0 p/ t0=0C

ha = c pa .t

c pa = 0.24

kcal kg .C

Agua liquida, h0=0 p/ t0=0C

hv = r0 + c pv .t
c pv = 0.46 kcal kg .C r0 = 597 kcal kg

1kg de aire seco + x kg de vapor de agua

h = c pa .t + x.(ro + c pv .t )

h = 1ha + x.hv

kcal kg (as )

Entalpa del a.h. con niebla

1kg de aire seco + x kg de vapor + (x - x s ) kg de agua lquida s h = ha + xs .hv + ( x xs ).h1
h1 = c1.t

kcal kg (as ) 1kg de aire seco + x kg de vapor + (x - x s ) kg de hielo h = ha + xs .hv + ( x xs )hh hh = f + c ph .t h = c pa .t + xs .(ro + c pv .t ) + ( x xs ).( f + c ph .t )

h = c pa .t + xs .(ro + c pv .t ) + ( x xs ).c1.t

Temperatura de saturacin adiabtica

h + ( xs x ).hw = hs

h >> ( xs x ).hw

h hs

c pa .t + x.(ro + c pv .t ) + ( xs x ).c pw .ts = c pa .ts + xs .(ro + c pv .ts )

Temperatura de saturacin adiabtica

c pa .t + x.(ro + c pv .t ) + ( xs x ).c pw .ts = c pa .ts + xs .(ro + c pv .ts ) c pa .t + x.ro + x.c pv .t + ( xs x ).c pw .ts =
= c pa .ts + ( xs x ).( ro + c pv .ts ) + x.( ro + c pv .ts ) ( c pa + x.c pv ).t = ( xs x ).( ro + c pv .ts c pw .ts ) + ( c pa + x.c pv ).ts

c pa >> x.c pv c pa .t = ( xs x ).r + c pa .ts

ts = t ( xs x ).r c pa

ro + c pv .ts c pw .ts = h' ' h' = r

Temperatura de saturacin adiabtica

c pa .t + x.(ro + c pv .t ) = c pa .ts + xs .(ro + c pv .ts ) c pa .t + x.ro + x.c pv .t = c pa .ts + xs .ro + xs .c pv .ts
( c pa + x.c pv ).t + x.ro = ( c pa + xs .c pv ).ts + xs .ro

h hs

c pa .t + ( x xs ).ro = c pa .ts
ts t ( xs x ).ro c pa

Temperatura de bulbo hmedo

Cantidad de agua q se evapora

dw = .F .( xs x ).d Q1 = r.dw Q1 = r..F .( xs x ).d

Q2 = k .F .(tbs tbh ).d r..F .( xs x ).d = k .F .(tbs tbh ).d r..( xs x ) = k .(tbs tbh ) tbh = tbs r..( xs x ) k

Temperatura de bulbo hmedo

tbh = tbs r..( xs x ) k ( x x ).r ts = t s c pa r. r = k c pa c pa . =1 k
Relacin de Lewis

Diagrama psicromtrico

Diagrama psicromtrico
h = cpa .t + x.r0 + x.cpv .t

dh = cpa .dt + r0 .dx + x.cpv .dt + cpv .t.dx = 0

(r0 + cpv .t )dx = (cpa + x.cpv ).dt

cp + x.cpv x = a r0 + cpv .t t h =cte cpa >> x.cpv r0 >> cpv .t

xs ( t ) = 0.622.

pvs ( t ) p pvs ( t )
cp x a r0 t h =cte p x = 0 h = cpa .t t = h cpa

x xs (t )

x( 1,t ) = xs ( t ) .1

Diagrama entlpico
t2>0C h(1+x) x2.Cpv.t2

h = cpa .t + x.(r0 + cpv .t )

p / t = cte aire no saturado

Cpa.t2

h = r0 . x + cpa .t + x.cpv .t
h = r0 + cp v .t x t
r0.x2

p / t = 0C aire no saturado
x2

h = r0 . x
h = r0 x t

Diagrama entlpico

Diagrama entlpico
t2>0C h(1+x) x2.Cpv.t2 t1> t2

h = cpa .t + x.(r0 + cpv .t )

p / t = cte aire no saturado

Cpa.t2 t2>0C

h = r0 . x + cpa .t + x.cpv .t
2 x2.Cpv.t2

r0.x2 x=0 x2

Cpa.t2

h1-h2

h1

h = r0 + cp v .t x t p / t = 0C aire no saturado

h2 r0.x2 x1 x2 h=0 h=cte

h = r0 . x
h = r0 x t

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Diagrama entlpico
h1+x h2 a Lh h1 1

X1

Lh a = sen sen ++ = = ( + )

Lx

X2

sen = sen[ ( + )] = sen ( + ) sen ( + ) = sen. cos + sen. cos

sen = X

Lx Lx a= a sen Lh Lx = sen. cos + sen. cos sen.sen

Lh sen. cos sen. cos = + = cot g + cot g Lx sen.sen sen.sen

Diagrama entlpico
h1+x h2 a Lh h1 1

X1

cot g = tg 2 + = cot g = tg 2 + =

Lx

X2

Lh = tg + tg Lx
X

Lh = Lx =

h Esch x Escx Esch Escx

KJ Esch = kg .cm
kg w Escx = kg as .cm

h h 1 = = tg + tg . Esch x x.resc Esc x

resc =

KJ kg

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Diagrama entlpico
h1+x h2 a Lh h1 1

h = tg + tg x.resc
p / h = cte h = 0 tg = tg =

X1

Lx

X2

p / x = cte x = 0 tg + tg = =

p / t = cte aire no saturado

h = cpa .t + x.(r0 + cpv .t )

h = r0 + cp v .t x t p / t = 0 C h = r0 x t

Diagrama entlpico
h1+x h2 a Lh h1 1

h = tg + tg x.resc
2

X1

Lx

X2

r0 = tg + tg resc
Adopto = 0 p / t = 0 C
X

tg =

r0 resc

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Diagrama entlpico
p / t = cte niebla lquida
h = cpa .t + xs (r0 + cpv .t ) + (x xs ).cl .t

h = cl .t x t

cl .t r = tg + tg = 0 + tg resc resc tg = r0 cl .t + resc resc

p / t = 0 C niebla lquida tg = r0 = tg resc =

Diagrama entlpico
p / t = cte niebla hielo
h = cpa .t + x.(r0 + cpv .t ) + ( x xs )( f + cph .t )

h = f + cph .t x t

r f + cph .t = tg + tg = 0 + tg resc resc

tg =

r0 f + resc resc

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Diagrama entlpico

Mezcla de corrientes de a.h.

Conservacin de la materia

m = m1 + m2 m.x = m1.x1 + m2 .x2 x= m1.x1 + m2 .x2 m1 + m2

Conservacin de la energa (PP)

m.h = m1.h1 + m2 .h2 h= m1.h1 + m2 .h2 m1 + m2

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Mezcla de corrientes de a.h.

m1. x + m2 . x = m1. x1 + m2 . x2 m2 . x m2 . x2 = m1. x1 m1. x m2 .( x x2 ) = m1.( x1 x ) m1.h + m2 .h = m1.h1 + m2 .h2 m2 .h m2 .h2 = m1.h1 m1.h m2 .(h h2 ) = m1.(h1 h )

m2 .(h h2 ) m1.(h1 h ) = m2 .( x x2 ) m1.( x1 x ) h2 h h h1 = x2 x x x1

Mezcla de corrientes de a.h.

h h2 2 g1 M

x=

m1.x1 + m2 .x2 m1 + m2

g1 =

m1 m g2 = 2 m m x = g1.x1 + g 2 .x2 g1 + g 2 = 1 x = (1 g 2 ).x1 + g 2 .x2 x = x1 g 2 .x1 + g 2 .x2 g2 = x x1 1M = x2 x1 1 _ 2

h1 1

g2

X1

X2

1M = 1 _ 2.g 2

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Humidificacin
Incorporacin de agua en estado lquido o de vapor a una corriente de aire hmedo

m. x1 + W = m. x2

x2 x1 =

w m

m.h1 + W .hw = m.h2 h2 h1 = W hw m

h2 h1 = hw x2 x1

Secado
Ma(x2,t2,h2) Mm, t Mm+w,t Material no higroscpico

ma . x1 + W = ma . x2 W = ma .( x2 x1 )
ma .h1 + mm .hm1 + W .hw + Q = ma .h2 + mm .hm 2

Ma(x1,t1,h1)

Q = ma .(h2 h1 ) + mm .(hm 2 hm1 ) W .hw

hm 2 hm1 = cm (t"t `) hw = cw .t `
Q = ma .(h2 h1 ) + mm .cm (t"t `) W .cw .t `

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Secado
Q = ma .(h2 h1 ) + mm .cm (t"t `) W .cw .t `

W = ma .( x2 x1 ) Q h2 h1 mm .cm (t"t`) cw .t` = + W x2 x1 W

Llamando q a:

mm .cm (t"t`) cw .t` W Q h2 h1 +q = W x2 x1 q=

Despreciando el valor de q

Q h2 h1 = W x2 x1

Secado
x2 = x1 + W ma

h2 h1 Q Q = q x2 x1 W W

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Secado con precalentador

ma = W W = x3 x2 x3 x1

Q = ma (h2 h1 ) = ma (h3 h1 ) Q h3 h1 = W x3 x1

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