FLUID http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy%E2%80%93Weisbach_equation 1. FLOW RATE=CONTINUITY PRINCIPE Q=S1*v1= S2*v2 , S dec ->v inc 2.

BERNULLI, HORIZONTAL: P1+RHO*v1/2g=P2+RHO*v2/2g , v inc -> p dec 3. Head loss

where

hf is the head loss due to friction (SI units: m); L is the length of the pipe (m); D is the hydraulic diameter of the pipe (for a pipe of circular section, this equals the internal diameter of the pipe) (m); V is the average velocity of the fluid flow, equal to the volumetric flow rate per unit cross-sectional wetted area (m/s); g is the local acceleration due to gravity (m/s2); fD is a dimensionless coefficient called the Darcy friction factor.
K =fD*L/D= manufacturer's published 'K' factor for the fitting

Pressure loss

density of the fluid, (kg/m3);

Head Loss related to FLOW RATE

where

where surface is

http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/calculators/pressure-drop/line-sizingcalculator/

4. K

where Kb is K for some fitting with diameter db in some table. Use this formula to find Ka for your given diameter da according to Kb and db. This equation can also be used if the piping system has more than one size of valves and fittings to express the resistance coefficient or equivalent length L/D in terms of one size. http://www.flowoffluids.com/publications/crane-tp-410.aspx