Notches in Fatigue: Professor Darrell F. Socie

Notches in Fatigue
Professor Darrell F. Socie

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
2002-2005 Darrell Socie, All Rights Reserved
Outline
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Notch Rules Fatigue Notch Factor Stress Intensity Factors for Notches Frost Data and Kf Small Crack Growth Small Notches
Fatigue Seminar
2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved
1 of 50
Stress Concentration Factor

a local = applied1 + 2
Inglis Solution 1910
2a
Local stress Applied stress

Fatigue Seminar 2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved 2 of 50
Notch Rules
Neuber
Kt Se = =
2
+ E K Glinka
1 n
Kt Se =
2
d =
1 + E 1+ n Seeger
K
1 n
1 n
Kp S* e* = =
2
Kp =
Fatigue Seminar
SLimit K t y
+ E K K S* = t S Kp
3 of 50
Define K and K after Yielding

S,e Define: nominal stress, S nominal strain, e notch stress, notch strain, Stress concentration K = Strain concentration
S K = e
Fatigue Seminar
4 of 50
K and K
KtS
Stress (MPa)
K =
S e
K =
Kte
Strain
Stress and Strain Concentration

Stress/Strain Concentration
K K2 t
Kt
First yielding
K 1
Nominal Stress
Fatigue Seminar
6 of 50
Neubers Rule
KtS
Stress (MPa) Actual stress
K t S Kt e =
Stress calculated with elastic assumptions
Kte
Strain
Fatigue Seminar
7 of 50
Neubers Rule for Fatigue

Stress and strain amplitudes
K t S K t e = 2 2 2 2 e S = 2 2E
Elastic nominal stress
Substitute and rearrange
Kt
S = 2
2 2
The product of stress times strain controls fatigue life
Fatigue Seminar
8 of 50
SN Materials Data
10000 93 steels 17 aluminums Stress Amplitude, MPa 1000
100
10 1 10 102 103 104 105 Fatigue Life, Reversals 106 107
Fatigue Seminar
9 of 50
10
N Materials Data
10 93 steels Strain Ampliture 1 17 aluminums
0.1
10 -2 10 -3
10 -4 1 10 102 103 104 105 Fatigue Life, Reversals 106 107
Fatigue Seminar
10 of 50
11
E
105
2 2
104
S or E 2 2 2 Kt
103 102
10 1 1
10
102
103 104 105 Fatigue Life, Reversals
106
107
Fatigue Seminar
11 of 50
12
Outline
Fatigue Seminar
12 of 50
13
A Dilemma
Stress analysis and stress concentration factors are independent of size and are related only to the ratio of the geometric dimensions to the loads Fatigue is a size dependant phenomena How do you put the two together ?
Fatigue Seminar
13 of 50
14
Similitude
Fatigue Seminar
14 of 50
15
Fatigue of Notches
From Dowling, Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 1999

16
Notch Size
Kt
Kf
Kt Kf
Large Notch
Small Notch
Fatigue Seminar
16 of 50
17
Microstructure Size
Kt Kf
Kt
Kf
Low Strength
High Strength
Fatigue Seminar
17 of 50
18
Stress Gradient
Kt Kt Kf Kf
Low K t
High Kt
Fatigue Seminar
18 of 50
19
Kt vs Kf
10
Kf = Kt
Kf
4
Experiments
2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10
Kt
20
Petersons Equation
4 3
2070 MPa = 0.025 u
1 .8
mm
Kf
K f =1 +
2 1 0 10 -4
K t 1 1+
10 -3
10 -2
0.1 1
10
102
103
No effect when << Full effect when >>

21
Perersons Constant
0.7
0.3
, mm
0.1
0.03 500 1000 1500 2000
Ultimate Strength, MPa
Fatigue Seminar
21 of 50
22
Static Strength
hole
Kt = 2.5
Fatigue Seminar
slot
Kt = 5
diamond
Kt = 20
edge
Kt = 20
22 of 50
23
1018 Steel Test Data

100
80
load, kN
60
40
edge diamond slot hole
20
0 0 2 4 6 8 10
displacement, mm
24
Notched SN Curve
10000
Stress Amplitude, MPa
Smooth specimen data
1000
Notched specimen
Kf
100 100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
Cycles
Stress concentrations are not very important at short lives

25
Outline
Fatigue Seminar
25 of 50
26
Cracks at Notches
S KtS S
D+a
a << D K = K t S a
Fatigue Seminar
K = S ( D + a )
26 of 50
a >> D
27
Stress Intensity Factors

3.0
K = K t S a K = S ( D + a )
K 2.0 S D
1.0
0 0 0.1 0.2
a D
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Fatigue Seminar
27 of 50
28
Cracks at Holes
1 10 1 12
Once a crack reaches 10% of the hole radius, it behaves as if the hole was part of the crack
Fatigue Seminar
28 of 50
29
Outline
Fatigue Seminar
29 of 50
30
Crack Growth Data

10-6 Crack Growth Rate, m/cycle 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-11 10-12 1 KTH Kc
Nonpropagating cracks
K TH > 1.12 2 a
da = C K m dN
10
K,MPa m
100
Fatigue Seminar
30 of 50
31
Frost Data
1.0 0.8 Rotating bending Notched bar Notched plate nucleation fracture
Snominal Sfatigue limit
0.6
0.4
0.2 0 1
1 Kt
3 5 7
nonpropagating cracks
11
13
15
Kt
Frost, A Relation Between the Critical Alternating Propagation Stress and Crack Length for Mild Steel Proceedings of the Institute for Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 173, No. 35, 1959, 811-836
32
Significance
For K t > 4, the notch acts like a crack with a depth D
Sfl = K th D
Kt does not play a role for sharp notches !
Fatigue Seminar
32 of 50
33
Specimens with Similar Geometry

Kt = 10.7 25 2.5 Kt = 2.4 25
2.5
Ultimate Strength 780 MPa Yield Strength 660 MPa
Fatigue Seminar
33 of 50
34
Test Results
1000
Nominal Stress Amplitude
Strength Limited
Kt = 10.7 Kt = 2.4
Fatigue Strength Dominated Crack Growth Dominated 100
Threshold Stress Intensity Dominated
1 1 10 100 103 104 105 106 107
Total Fatigue Life, Cycles

35
Outline
Fatigue Seminar
35 of 50
36
Small Crack Growth
Fatigue Seminar
36 of 50
37
Threshold
Fatigue Seminar
37 of 50
38
Normalized Thresholds
Fatigue Seminar
38 of 50
39
Growth from Notches
Fatigue Seminar
39 of 50
40
Cracks at Notches
notch plastic zone notch stress field
crack tip plastic zone
Fatigue Seminar
40 of 50
41
Crack Growth
Crack growth rate
Short cracks Notch plasticity controls
Long cracks Crack tip plasticity controls
K or a
42
Closure Observations
a b b
c d a c 1st subcycle d 500th subcycle 1026 steel
1/2 = 0.005 2/2 = 0.001

43
Closure Correlation
Fatigue Seminar
43 of 50
44
Outline
Fatigue Seminar
44 of 50
45
area
Fatigue Seminar
45 of 50
46
Small Notches
Fatigue Seminar
46 of 50
47
Threshold Stress Intensity
Fatigue Seminar
47 of 50
48
Hardness Corelation
Fatigue Seminar
48 of 50
49
Flaw Sensitivity
Fatigue Seminar
49 of 50
50
Fatigue Limit
Fatigue Seminar
50 of 50
51
Notches in Fatigue
52

Notches in Fatigue: Professor Darrell F. Socie

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Notches in Fatigue: Professor Darrell F. Socie

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Notches in Fatigue

Professor Darrell F. Socie

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

Stress Concentration Factor

Local stress Applied stress

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

Define K and K after Yielding

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

Stress and Strain Concentration

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

Neubers Rule for Fatigue

Elastic nominal stress

Substitute and rearrange

The product of stress times strain controls fatigue life

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

10 1 10 102 103 104 105 Fatigue Life, Reversals 106 107

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

10 -4 1 10 102 103 104 105 Fatigue Life, Reversals 106 107

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

103 104 105 Fatigue Life, Reversals

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

From Dowling, Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 1999

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2070 MPa = 0.025 u

No effect when << Full effect when >>

0.03 500 1000 1500 2000

Ultimate Strength, MPa

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

1018 Steel Test Data

edge diamond slot hole

Stress Amplitude, MPa

Smooth specimen data

Stress concentrations are not very important at short lives

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

Stress Intensity Factors

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

Crack Growth Data

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

Snominal Sfatigue limit

Kt does not play a role for sharp notches !

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

Specimens with Similar Geometry

Ultimate Strength 780 MPa Yield Strength 660 MPa

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

Nominal Stress Amplitude

Fatigue Strength Dominated Crack Growth Dominated 100

Threshold Stress Intensity Dominated

1 1 10 100 103 104 105 106 107

Total Fatigue Life, Cycles

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

Small Crack Growth

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved

2002-2005 Darrell Socie, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, All Rights Reserved