BI TP N HO HU C (BD HSG VNG TNH 2012 2013)

Cu 1. Su hirocacbon A, B, C, D, E, F u c CTPT C 4H8. Cho tng cht vo dung dch Br2 trong CCl4 (khng chiu sng) th thy A, B, C, D tc dng nhanh, E tc dng chm hn cn F hu nh khng tc dng. B v C l ng phn lp th ca nhau, B c nhit si cao hn C. Khi em hiro ho (Ni, to) th A, B, C u to ra cng sn phm G. a. Xc nh CTCT, gi tn su hirocacbon. b. A tc dng vi nc Br2 c ho tan lng nh NaCl thy sinh ra 5 sn phm. Gii thch bng c ch phn ng. Cu 2. Hn hp X gm hai hirocacbon A, B vi s mol bng nhau; A c cng thc phn t C 8H8. t chy ht X bng lng d O2 c CO2 v H2O theo t l th tch 13/10. Xc nh CTCT ca B bit B ch to ra c 1 dn xut monobrom duy nht v B c phn t khi nh hn 152. Cu 3. Mt hirocacbon no A ch to c hai dn xut monobrom X, Y. Cho 2,74gam X tc dng vi Mg trong ete khan ri thu phn sn phm trong lng d H 2O c 1,16gam A. Khi brom ho X thu c ba ng phn ibrom. Xc nh CTCT ca A, X, Y. Cu 4. Trn hirocacbon X (l ng ng ca axetilen) vi hirocacbon Y ri t chy hon ton. Dn ton b sn phm chy vo nc vi thu c 35 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch tng 12,4 gam so vi ban u. Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d to ra thm 20 gam kt ta na. a. Xc nh dy ng ng ca Y. b. Xc nh CTPT ca X, Y bit chng l cht lng iu kin thng v c t l mol tng ng 1:2. c. Tm CTCT ca X, Y bit X c mch khng phn nhnh; khi clo ho Y ch c mt sn phm monoclo. Cu 5. Cho hn hp A gm ba hirocacbon thuc ba dy ng ng khc nhau trn vi hn hp B gm O2 v O3 theo t l th tch VA : VB = 1,5 : 3,2 ri tin hnh t chy hon ton, sau phn ng ch thu c CO 2 v hi H2O c t l th tch 1,3 : 1,2. a. Tnh t khi ca hn hp A so vi H2 bit t khi ca B so vi H2 bng 19. b. Xc nh CTPT, gi tn X, Y, Z bit 1,5 lt hn hp A ln lt qua bnh I cha dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d ri bnh II cha dd Br2 d th c 0,4 lt kh thot ra v bnh I c 6,4286 gam kt ta C2Ag2. Bnh II b nht mu. (Cc th tch kh o ktc). Cu 6. Cho m gam hn hp A gm anken X; ankin Y v H2 (X, Y c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Dn A qua bt Ni, to phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp B c th tch bng 70% th tch hn hp A. T khi ca B so vi He l 4,5. Cng m gam hn hp A trn khi i qua dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d c hn hp C c th tch bng 90% th tch ca A ng thi lc c 1,61 gam kt ta. a .Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca X, Y . b. Tnh th tch hn hp A. Cu 7. C su hirocacbon A, B, C, D, E, F c cng CTPT C5H8 u l nhng xicloanken khng cha nhm etyl. a. Xc nh cu to 6 cht ny. b. Ly ba mu th bt k trong 6 cht nu trn nh du A, B, C ri cho tc dng vi KMnO4: + A to ra axit cacboxylic D cha C bt i. + Hp cht B to ra ixeton E khng cha C bt i. + Cht C to ra F va cha nhm cacboxyl va cha nhm xeton v c nguyn t C bt i. Cu 8. Cho hn hp gm ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z (trong X, Y l ng ng k tip nhau) cng vi 14,72 gam oxi vo trong bnh kn dung tch 16,8 lt 0oC; 0,8 atm. Sau khi t chy hon ton hn hp hirocacbon v gi hn hp sau phn ng 100oC, p sut bnh lc ny l p (atm). Dn sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh (1) cha H2SO4 c ri qua bnh (2) cha dung dch Ba(OH)2 thy bnh (1) tng 4,86 gam v bnh (2) c 29,55 gam kt ta; 7,77gam Ba(HCO3)2. a. Xc nh CTPT ba hirocacbon bit s mol Z gp 2,5 ln tng s mol ca X, Y. b. Tnh p.

Cu 9. T mt loi tinh du ngi ta tch ra c mt cht hu c A. t chy ht 2,64 gam A cn va 4,704 lt O2 (ktc) ch c CO2, H2O vi t l khi lng 11:2. Phn t khi ca A nh hn 150. a. Tm CTPT ca A. b. Bit A cha vng benzen, cho phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra Ag; trong t nhin A tn ti dng trans. Xc nh CTCT ca A. Cu 10. Axit cacboxylic A c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh v c CTGN l CHO. C 1 mol A tc dng vi NaHCO3 d gii phng 2 mol CO2. Dng P2O5 tch 1 phn t H2O t A c cht B mch vng. a. Vit CTCT, gi tn A. b. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4 iu kin thng thu c D c CTPT C4H4O6. Vit PTHH. Cu 11. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t cho bit hp cht A cha 55,81% C; 7,01% H; cn li l oxi. A l cht lng rt t tan trong nc, khng c v chua, khng lm mt mu nc Br 2. C 1,72 gam A tc dng va vi 20ml dung dch NaOH 1M to thnh hp cht B duy nht c CTPT C 4H7O3Na. un nng B vi axit v c li thu c A. a. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca A. Cho bit A thuc loi hp cht hu c no? b. Vit CTCT ca B v PTHH ca cc phn ng. Cu 12. Cho hp cht hu c X (ch C, H, O) mch khng phn nhnh, X l cht kt tinh. X tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 gii phng CO2. X lm mt mu dung dch Br2 v KMnO4. t chy hon ton 2,58gam X thu c 5,28gam CO2 v 1,62 gam H2O. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca X bit X c phn t khi trong khong (50; 100) v c ng phn hnh hc. Cu 13. Vitamin C (axit ascobic)C6H8O6 c trong nc p ca mt loi qu c xc nh bng phn ng: C6H8O6 + Br2 C6H6O6 + 2HBr Lng Br2 trn c to ra khi cho KBrO3 tc dng vi KBr trong mi trng axit. Ly 150ml nc p, em axit ho ri cho tc dng vi lng va dung dch KBrO3 0,00178M + lng d KBr th dng ht 14,8 ml dung dch KBrO3. Tnh lng vitamin C trong nc p (theo n v mg/100ml nc p). Mi ngi bnh thng cn ti thiu 30mg vitamin C/ngy th 1 ngy phi ung bao nhiu ml nc p trn? Cu 14. C a gam hn hp X gm etanol v ba hirocacbon th lng lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Nu ly hn hp trn cho phn ng vi Na d thu c 0,28 lit kh hiro ktc. Nu ly hn hp cn li t chy hon ton, dn ht sn phm chy i qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thy bnh nng thm 157,35 gam ng thi xut hin 472,8 gam kt ta. Tnh a ? Cu 15. Hai cht X, Y ng phn u c mch khng phn nhnh; cha C, H, O trong H chim 2,439% v khi lng. Khi t chy X hoc Y u thu c s mol H 2O bng s mol mi cht chy. Hp cht hu c mch khng phn nhnh Z c khi lng phn t bng vi X v cng ch cha C, H, O. Bit rng 1 mol X hoc Z phn ng va vi 3 mol AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3; 1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4 mol AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z v vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng xy ra. Cu 16. t chy hon ton 0,43 gam cht A (ch cha C, H, O) ri cho sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh (I) P 2O5 v bnh (II) KOH rn thy khi lng bnh (I) tng 0,27g v bnh (II) tng 0,88g. xc nh PTK ca A ngi ta ho tan 17,2 gam A vo 250gam benzen sau xc nh nhit si ca dung dch ngi ta thy nhit si ca dung dch tng 2,056o so vi benzen nguyn cht. Bit c cho 1 mol cht A vo 1000g benzen th nhit si ca dung dch tng 2,57o so vi benzen nguyn cht. a. Xc nh CTPT ca A. b. B l ng phn ca A; A, B u tc dng vi dd NaOH. Cho 17,2gam hn hp X (gm A, B) tc dng vi 400ml dung dch NaOH 1M c dung dch Y; c cn Y c 24,5gam rn khan; cn nu cho Y tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 d thy to ra 64,8g Ag. Vit CTCT c th c ca A, B. Cu 17. Chia 201 gam hn hp X gm CH3COOH, C2H5OH v CH3COOC2H5 lm ba phn. Cho phn 1 tc dng ht vi Na thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc). Phn 2 tc dng va vi 500ml dung dch NaOH 2M (un nng). Phn 3 (c khi lng = khi lng phn 2) cho tc dng vi NaHCO3 d c 13,44 lt kh (ktc). Xc nh mi cht trong hn hp X.