Ibong Adarna

Mula sa Tagalog na Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

Ang Ibong Adarna ay isang korido na isinulat ni Francisco Balagtas (kinilala rin na Francisco Baltazar) noong panahon ng Kastila na ngayon ay bahagi na ng Panitikan atMitolohiyang Pilipino [1]. Noong panahon ng pananakop ng mga Kastila sa Pilipinas, kilala ito sa pamagat na Corrido at Buhay na Pinagdaanan nang Tatlong Principeng Magcacapatid na Anac nang Haring Fernando at nang Reina Valeriana sa Cahariang Berbania [2]. May mala-epikong istilo ng pagkakasalaysay ang Ibong Adarna na tumatalakay sa kabayanihan, pag-ibig at kababalaghan. Nakasentro ang kwento sa Adarna, isang ibon na nagtataglay ng mahiwagang kapangyarihan na nakapagpapagaling ng anumang karamdaman sa sandaling umawit at marinig ang tinig nito. Umiikot din ang kwento sa pakikipagsapalaran ni Don Juan, isang prinsipe ng Kahariang Berbanya sa kanyang paghahanap sa Ibong Adarna, paglalagalag sa iba't ibang lupain at pakikipag-ibigan kina Donya Maria Blanca at Donya Leonora [3]. May ilang mga kritiko[sino?] ang nagsasabing maaaring ang sumulat ng Ibong Adarna ay si Jose dela Cruz o kilala sa tawag na Huseng Sisiw.

BUOD
Noo'y may isang kahariang tinatawag na Berbanya. Ito'y pinamumunuan nila Haring Fernando at Reyna Valeriana kasama ng kanilang tatlong anak na sina Pedro, ang panganay, Diego, ang pangalawa at Juan, ang bunso na pawang mga prinsipe ng nasabing kaharian. Isang gabi'y nanaginip si Haring Fernando. Napanaginipan niyang may nagtapon daw kay Don Juan sa isang malalim na balon. Nang magising ang hari, siya'y nagsimulang magkasakit. Ipinayo ng mga manggagamot na ang tanging kanta lamang ng Ibong Adarna na matatagpuan sa Bundok Tabor ang siyang makapagpapagaling sa sakit ng hari . Unang nagtangka si Don Pedro ngunit siya'y nabigo. Nang marating niya ang Piedras Platas, ang punong tinitirhan ng Ibong Adarna, ay nahimbing siya sa awitin ng naturang ibon. Di sinasadyang naiputan siya ng ibon at nanigas at naging bato. Sunod na nagtangka si Don Diego ngunit sinapit din niya ang nangyari kay Don Pedro. Noon na tumulak sa paglalakbay si Don Juan na siya na lamang tanging pag-asa ng Kahariang Berbanya,bago umalis si Don Juan ay humingi muna siya ng basbas sa hari . Sinapit ni Don Juan ang landas patungong Bundok Tabor. Nasalubong niya sa daan ang isang Matandang Leproso na nagpayo sa kanya na mag-ingat sa nakakahalinang ganda ng punong Piedras Platas. Dahil si Don Juan ay may magandang kalooban, ibinigay niya ang kanyang kahuli-hulihang baon na tinapay sa matandang lalaki na ketongin. Dahil dito, tinulungan siya ng ketongin kung papaano matatagpuan ang Ibong Adarna. Iniwasan nga niya ang pagtigil sa nasabing puno at natanaw niya ang isang bahay kung saan may matandang Ermitanyong nakatira. Ito ang tumulong sa kanya upang makuha ang Ibong Adarna at mapabalik sa dati mula sa pagiging bato sina Don Pedro at Don Diego . Kapwa tinahak ng tatlong prinsipe ang daan pabalik ngunit gumawa ng lalang sina Don Pedro at Don Diego. Silang dalawa'y kapwa bumalik sa Kahariang Berbanya at iniwan si Don Juan na nakalupasay sa gitna ng daan bunga ng tinamong bugbog. May naparaang isang Matandang Ermitanyo. Samantalang sa Kahariang Berbanya ay hindi napaawit nina Don Pedro at Don Diego ang Ibong Adarna. Siya namang pagdating ni Don Juan na noo'y nanumbalik na ang dating lakas. Noon umawit ang Ibong Adarna at isinalaysay ang kataksilang ginawa nina Don Pedro at Don Diego kay Don Juan. Nawala ang sakit ni Haring Fernando at iniutos na parusahan and dalawang nagkasala. Sa pakiusap naman ni Don Juan ay pinatawad ng hari ang dalawa . Ang Ibong Adarna ay inalagaan sa loob ng palasyo ng tatlong magkakapatid ngunit muling gumawa ng lalang sina Don Pedro at Don Diego. Pinakawalan nila ang ibon sa hawla nito nang minsang mahimbing si Don Juan na noo'y siyang nakatoka sa kasi pagbabantay bunga ng pagkakapuyat niya noong mga nakaraang gabi. Nang maratnan ni Don Juan na wala na ang Ibong Adarna, naglayas siya sa kaharian upang hanapin ang ibon. Nalaman ni Haring Fernando ang nangyari at iniutos kina Don Pedro at Don Diego na hanapin si Don Juan. Natagpuan nga ng dalawa si Don Juan at sumumpa ang tatlo na sila'y maglalagalag na lamang sa kagubatan ng Armenia . Sa kanilang paglalagalag ay nakatuklas sila ng balon na kung saan sa ilalim nito ay may kaharian. Tanging si Don Juan ang nakapasok sa kaharian sa balon samantalang matiyaga namang naghintay sa taas sina Don Pedro at Don Diego. Ngunit sa kabila ng mga ito, naiingit si Don Pedro kay Don Juan at sinabi nya kay Don

Diego ang kanyang masamang balak kay Don Juan para sila ay mabigyan ng posisyon sa kaharian. Sumang-ayon si Don Diego sa masamang balak ng kanyang kapatid. Kanilang sinaktan si Don Juan hanggang sya ay mawalan ng malay. Samantala, nagdasal si Don Juan dahil sa hindi siya halos makagapang sa bugbog na tinanggap mula sa dalawang kapatid. Natagpuan ni Don Juan si Donya Juana na noo'y bihag ng isang higante. Nang mailigtas si Donya Juana buhat sa kuko ng higante ay iniligtas naman ni Don Juan si Donya Leonora, ang kapatid nito na bihag ng isang serpyenteng may pitong ulo. Nagawa ni Don Juan na matalo ang serpyente at silang dalawa ni Donya Leonora ay naging magkasintahan . Muling umakyat si Don Juan kasama na ang dalawang donya palabas ng balon. Ngunit may naiwanang singsing si Donya Leonora na pinamana sa kanya ng kanyang mga magulang kaya't kinailangan muli ni Don Juan na bumalik pababa. Nang siya'y malapit ng makaahon ay gumawa na naman ng lalang sina Don Pedro at Don Diego na may sampung dipang lalim ang balon. Kanilang pinutol ang lubid na siyang kinakapitan ni Don Juan. Bumagsak si Don Juan at siya'y nagtamo ng matinding sugat samantalang sapilitan namang isinama ng dalawang prinsipe and dalawang donya patungong Berbanya. Ikinasal sina Don Diego at Donya Juana ngunit nanaghoy si Donya Leonora sa pagkakahiwalay nila ni Don Juan Samantalang isang lobo na alaga ni Donya Leonora ang gumamot kay Don Juan. Tinulungan siya nitong makaahon sa balon. Noon muli niyang nakita ang Ibong Adarna na nagpayo sa kanya na limutin na si Donya Leonora sapagkat makakakilala siya ng bagong mamahalin sa Kahariang tinatawag na Reino Delos Cristales. Kapagkadaka'y nalimot nga niya si Donya Leonora ngunit patuloy niyang hinanap ang berbanya niyang mahal. Tinulungan siya ng tatlong ermitanyong nasalubong niya ang isa ay 100 taong gulang na at hindi siya ito natulungan ngunit nagpayo na pumunta sa kanyang kapatid na 500 taon gulang na ngunit sa tanda niyang iyon, hindi niya malaman kung saan ang Reyno Delos crystales kaya't pinapunta niya ito sa kanyang kapatid na 800 taong gulang na at siya'y pinasakay sa isang malaking agila patungong Reino Delos Cristales at sinabi na sa kahariang iyon, may makikilala siyang dilag na laging naliligo tuwing 4 ng madaling araw, kung kaya't kailangan niyang magmadali doon niya makikita sa kaharian ang daan patungong Berbanya. . Nakikilala niya si Donya Maria Blanca, anak ni Haring Salermo. Hiningi ni Don Juan kay Haring Salermo ang kamay ni Donya Maria Blanca na noo'y naging magkasintahan na subalit kung magagawa nito ang mga pagsubok na iaatas sa kanya ng hari . Pitong pagsubok ang pinagdaanan ni Don Juan at ito'y pawang matagumpay sa pamamagitan ng mahika ni Donya Maria Blanca. Subalit napag-alaman ni Donya Maria Blanca na ibig ipakasal sa isang tiya sa Inglatera ng kanyang ama si Don Juan. Nagkaroon ng labu-labo at nagtanan ang dalawang magkasintahan subalit isinumpa ni Haring Salermo na malilimot ni Don Juan si Donya Maria Blanca kapag may ibang babae ang unang tumingin sa mata ni Don Juan. Nangyari nga ang sumpa ni Haring Salermo kaya't si Don Juan ay itinakdang ipakasal kay Donya Leonora. Nagalit si Donya Maria Blanca at sa araw ng kasalan ay dumating itong bihis ang isang magandang kasuotan at sakay sa magarang karosa. Sa pamamagitan ng mahika ni Donya Maria Blanca ay naalala ni Don Juan kung sino ang tunay niyang iniibig at hiniling na niyang silang dalawa ni Maria Blanca ay ipakasal. Mariing tumutol si Donya Leonora at nagkaroon ng ilang pagpapaliwanag at pagtatalo. Isinangguni sa arsobispo ng Berbanya ang naturang usapin at iminungkahi nitong dapat pakasal si Don Juan kay Donya Leonora. Nagalit si Donya Maria Blanca at pinabaha ang buong palasyo sa tulong ng kanyang mahika. Si Don Juan na ang nagpasiya. Ibig niyang makasal sila ni Donya Maria Blanca at sina Donya Leonora at Don Pedro naman. Natuloy nga ang kasalan at hinirang ni Haring Fernando na bagong hari at reyna ng Kahariang Berbanya sina Don Juan at Donya Maria Blanca. Tumutol ang huli sapagkat babalik daw sila sa Kahariang Reyno Delos Crystales kaya't nauwi ang trono kina Don Pedro at Donya Leonora. Sina Don Juan at Donya Maria Blanca ay bumalik nga sa Kahariang Reyno Delos Crystales at silang dalawa ang namuno roon.

Ibong Adarna (mythology)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ibong Malaya' is an Epic poetry/poetry written in the 18th Century about an eponymous magical bird. The title's longer form during the Spanish Era was "Corrido at Buhay na

Pinagdaanan nang Tatlng Principeng anak nang Haring Fernando at nang Reina Valeriana sa Cahariang Berbania" (Filipino for "Corrido and Life Lived by the Three Princes, children of King Fernando and Queen Valeriana in the Kingdom of Berbania"). The author of the largely known epic was claimed to be Jos de la Cruz or "Huseng Sisiw", but until now the real author was never known.

STORY
King Fernando of Berbania had three sons, Pedro, Diego and Juan of whom the last was the favorite. He so loved Juan that when one night, he dreamed that two traitors conspired against Don Juan, and the king became so frightened and depressed that he did not even want to eat or take a rest, and fell sick with a malady, of which none of the physicians of the kingdom were able to cure. Persons were not lacking, however, who would advise him that the Adarna bird was the only creature in the world which could restore to him his lost health and tranquility by using its song. Acting on this advice, he sent out his oldest son Don Pedro to look for this coveted animal. After days of wandering through the dense forests and extensive thickets, he came to a tree of diamond, at the foot of which he fell down tired and thirsty. He never suspected that it was this very tree in which the famous bird was accustomed to pass the night; and when the night was setting and the Adarna flung into the air the first of its seven songs, his melody was so softly sweet that Pedro was lulled into a profound sleep. After emitting its seventh melody for the night, the bird defecated on the sleeping prince who was thereby converted into a stone. When Don Pedro had not returned after the lapse of one year, the now-weakening king asked his second son Don Diego also to launch out in search of the same bird. Don Diego underwent the same vicissitudes and hardships and came to exactly the same fate as Don Pedro - converted into a stone at the foot of the enchanted tree. At last Don Juan, the youngest and most favored son was sent forth, after his elder brothers in search of the treacherous bird. Don Juan, however, had the fortune to meet on his way an old hermit who was impressed by the virtues and good manners of the young prince, and knowing the mission on which he embarked, put him on guard against the treacheries, intrigues and cunning of the famous bird. First, he provided him with a knife and a sour fruit that is bigger than a calamansi but is smaller than a lemon, warning him that if he wanted to free himself from the irresistible drowsiness induced by the seven melodies of the Adarna, he had to open on his palms seven wounds and distill into them the juice of the fruit. The pain caused by this might prevent him from sleeping. Next, the hermit warned him to avoid any defecation that might fall from the bird after it sung its seven songs, so that he would not suffer the fate of his brothers. Lastly, he told him that after finishing his seventh song the famous bird would fall sleep and that the prince should take advantage of this occasion to take the bird prisoner. The hermit gave him a golden cord to tie the bird when caught and two pails of water to pour over his two petrified brothers who would bring them back to life. Don Juan did as was bidden and soon found himself in possession of the desired bird and on his way back to his home country with his two brothers, Don Pedro and Don Diego. On the way, however, being envious that Juan had obtained what they were not able to do, the two older brothers conspired between themselves to do away with him. Pedro suggested that they should kill him but Diego, who was less brutal, convinced Pedro that it was sufficient to beat him, which they did. After beating Juan to whom they owed their lives, they left him unconscious in the middle of the road as the two brothers continued on their way to the palace. Once there in the palace for the fear of the ire of their father. Pedro, the eldest, was the first to descend by means of a cord lowered by the two brothers who remained above; but he had scarcely gone a third of the way when he felt afraid and gave sign for his two brothers to pull him out of the well. Presently, Diego was let down but he too could not go farther down than half of the way. When it was Juan's turn to go he allowed himself to be let down to the lowest depths of the cistern. There the prince discovered two enchanted palaces, the first being occupied by Princess Juana who informed him she was being held prisoner by a giant, and the second by Princess Leonora, also the prisoner of a large seven-headed serpent. After killing the giant and the serpent, the prince tugged on the cord and soon came up to the surface of the earth with the two captive princesses, whom his two brothers soon wanted to take away from him. Diego desired Princess Juana for himself and Pedro wanted Princess Leonora. Before the parting, however, Leonora discovered that she left her ring in the innermost recesses of the well. Juan voluntarily offered to take it for her but when he was halfway down, the two brothers cut the rope he was descending causing him to fall to the bottom of the well. Not long after this, wedding bells were rung in the palace. Diego married Princess Juana but Princess Leonora before casting her lot with Prince Pedro requested her marriage to him delayed for a term of seven years because she might still have a chance to unite herself with Don Juan.

Don Juan, thanks to Leonora's enchanted ring found in the well, could avail himself of the help of a wolf which cured him of his wounds, fix his dislocations, and bring him to the medicinal waters of the Jordan, and took him out of the well. Already torn of all hope of ever finding the Adarna, Don Juan resolved to return to the Kingdom. But to his confusion, he was unable to find his way. No one could tell him which was the would way that leads him to the kingdom of his father. He came across the Adarna who told him that he should forget about Leonora because Maria Blanca is better than her and Don Juan forgot about Leonora. The Adarna told Don Juan that Maria Blanca could be found in Reyno de los Cristales. He came across three hermits none of whom could give him the necessary information. The last of these consulted all the of the animals from the surrounding areas, but none of them could tell the prince the direction towards Reyno de los Cristales. But the king of all these animals, a swiftly soaring eagle, having compassion for his troubles, offered to take the prince to wherever he desired. After an epic flight the prince and the eagle came to a distant crystal lake on whose shores they landed to rest from their long and tiresome flight. Then the eagle related to his companion the secrets of the Crystal Lake. This was the bathing place where, in certain hours of the day, the three daughters of the most powerful and most feared king of the surrounding regions used to dive into the water and swim; and for this reason it was not proper for the prince to commit any indiscretion if he desired to remain and see the spectacle of the bath. Don Juan remained and when the hour of the bathing arrived he saw plunging into the pure crystal water the figures of the three most beautiful princesses whom his sinful eyes had ever seen. He then secretly hid and kept one of the princesses dresses. When the princess noticed the theft, her two sisters had already gone. The prince hurriedly ran to her and on his knee begged her pardon and placed at her feet her stolen dress and at the same time poured forth the most ardent and tender professions of love. Pleased by his gentleness and gallant phrases, the princess also fell in love with him; but she advised him that it would be better for him to go away before her father would come to know of his intrusion. If he did not do so she would be converted into another piece of stone for the walls of the enchanted palace in which they live, in the same way that all the other suitors who aspired for their hands had been transformed. On being informed of the adventure of the bold prince, the king sent for him. Don Juan, who would risk everything for the privilege of seeing his beloved, presented himself to the king in spite of the princess' warning. The king, greatly impressed with the youth's tact and self-possession, chose to give him a series of tests both gigantic and impossible for ordinary mortals. After completing these trials the king was satisfied and offered Don Juan his daughter. However, the princess, fearing that her father might resort to a new trick to foil their happiness, ordered the prince to direct himself to the royal stables in order to take the best horse and have him ready for them to flee on that same night. Unfortunately, the prince in his hurry, took the wrong horse and the king came immediately went in pursuit of the fugitives. The king, riding the best horse, pursued them tenaciously but through the use of cunning magic the princess helped them to outrace the king. When at last they found themselves safe and free, it did not take them long before they could reach the portals of the Berbanian Kingdom. But the prince, alleging that he should have such preparations duly made for entry into the royal palace as are appropriate for her category and dignity, left Doa Maria on the way promising to return for her once he had informed the committee that was to receive her. Once in the midst of the happiness of palace life, Don Juan soon forgot his professions of love to Doa Maria. He became dazzled by the beauty of Princess Leonora who had been waiting for him during all the days of his absence and he sought her hand in marriage while Doa Maria was impatiently waiting for his return. When she came to know of the infidelity of Don Juan, the pilgrim princess made use of the talisman which she always carried with her and adorned with the most beautiful royal garments and carried in a large coach drawn by eight sorrel-colored horses with four palfreys, she presented herself at the door of the palace practically inviting herself to the royal wedding of the Prince Juan and the Princess Leonora. Out of respect for so beautiful a guest from foreign lands and on the occasion of the wedding itself, there were celebrated tournaments, in one Doa Maria succeeded in inserting as one of the number dance of a negrito and a negrita created from nothing through her marvelous talisman. In the dance the negrita carried a whip in her hand and with it she pitilessly lashed her negrito partner, calling him Don Juan while she proceeded to remind of all the vicissitudes of fortune undergone by him at the side on Doa Maria, the part which was played by the whipping negrita: the scene of the bath, the different tests to which he had been subjected by her father, the flight of both that was full of accidents, and his cruel abandonment of her on the way. Every crack of the whip which fell on the shoulders of the negrito seemed at the time to the true Don Juan as if it was lashing his own body and flesh. At the end of the scene, the prince repentant of his grave offense came down

from his throne to implore pardon from the princess Doa Maria and to offer her his hand, promising to take her for his wife in the presence of all the people of his Kingdom. When the king, his father Don Fernando, came to know of the rivalry of the two princesses, Doa Maria and Doa Leonora, both aspiring to the hand of Don Juan, he consulted with the archbishop of the kingdom on the case, the church dignitary deciding in favor of Doa Leonora invoking for her the priority of the right. But Doa Maria was determined to fight to the last for the prince of her love and, taking advantage of the power of her talisman, sent all over Barbania Kingdom a big inundation which threatened to carry away the whole nation together with all its inhabitants. King Fernando and his subjects trembled in the face of the imminent danger and all supplicated Princess Doa Leonora to be content with marrying Don Pedro, the brother of Don Juan, which she did for the good of all, occasioning for this reason a double marriage - an occasion which brought about once more tranquility and joy to the Berbanian Kingdom.