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Raja Rajeshwary
Outcomes
Towards the end of lecture, you should be able to: 1. Explain causes of sand production 2. Describe consequences of sand production 3. Describe methods to predict sand production 4. Describe sand control techniques
Definition
Sand control is.. the limitation of sand production to an acceptable level
Wells completed with sand control* are designed to: retain load bearing solids but produce fines
Malaysia Brunei Australia China UKCS Nigeria West Africa Gulf of Mexico Venezuela
Control
Exclusion (maybe control) Control (maybe exclusion) Maybe control (exclusion unlikely)
Selection:
- Longevity - Productivity - Functionality - Cost
pressure
supports the sand
decreasing reservoir pressure increases the effective stress on the grains (overburden is constant)
Fluid Flow
fluid velocity and viscosity contributes to the pressure drop near the wellbore (drag force) production induces stress on the formation sand induced stress > formation stress sand production
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materials weakening the intergranular bonds; Water production may mobilize fines resulting in plugging of the pore structure.
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2.
3. 4.
Rate restriction
Selective completion practices Prevent sand production mechanically by screen or gravel pack. Chemically consolidate the formation sand near the wellbore using resinous material. Inject resin-coated gravel into the perforations to pack and stabilize the perforations.
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5.
6.