FCPIT Practical File

Submitted To :Miss Rajwinder Kaur

Submitted By :Name :- Harshvir Roll No :- 20 Class :- B.Tech ME 1 (A)

Experiment 1 Title: - Basics of Keyboard, Motherboard, RAM, Hard Disk, Different Printers. Objective: - 1 Software Requirements: - Operating System Hardware Requirements: - Keyboard, Mouse, CPU, RAM, Hard Disk, Printers. Theory:Ram:- Random Access Memory Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order with a worst case performance of constant time

Types Of RAM The two main forms of modern RAM are static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM. In static RAM, a bit of data is stored using the state of a flip-flop. This form of RAM is more expensive to produce, but is generally faster and requires less power than DRAM and, in modern computers, is often used as cache memory for the CPU Keyboard:In computing, a keyboard is a typewriter-style keyboard, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. Following the decline of punch cards and paper tape, interaction via teleprinter-style keyboards became the main input device for computers.

Types Of Keyboard 1) Standard 2) Laptop Sized 3) Thumb Sized

Laptop Sized Keyboard: - Keyboards on laptops and notebook computers usually have a shorter travel distance for the keystroke and a reduced set of keys. They may not have a numerical keypad, and the function keys may be placed in locations that differ from their placement on a standard, full-sized keyboard. Standard Sized Keyboard: - Standard "full-travel" alphanumeric keyboards have keys that are on three-quarter inch centers (0.750 inches, 19.05 mm), and have a key travel of at least 0.150 inches (3.81 mm). Desktop computer keyboards, such as the 101-key US traditional keyboards or the 104-key Windows keyboards, include alphabetic characters, punctuation symbols, numbers and a variety of function keys. Thumb Sized Keyboard: - Smaller keyboards have been introduced for laptops (mainly nettops), PDAs, smartphones, or users who have a limited workspace. A thumb keyboard (thumbboard) is used in some personal digital assistants such as the Palm Treo and BlackBerry and some UltraMobile PCs such as the OQO. Printers: In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a text and/or graphics of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies. Many printers are primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached by a printer cable or, in most new printers, a USB cable to a computer which serves as a document source. Some printers, commonly known as network printers, have built-in network interfaces, typically wireless and/or

Ethernet based, and can serve as a hard copy device for any user on the network.

Types of Printers 1) Impact Printers 2) Non Impact Printers Impact Printers: - The Printers Which print the Sheet by coming in full Physical Contact with the sheet Non Impact Printers: - The type of printers which print the sheet by no contact with the sheet Further Divisions of Printers 1) Laser Printer 2) Dot matrics Printer 3) Inkjet Printer Laser Printer: A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers (MFPs), laser printers employ a xerographic printing process, but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photoreceptor. Dot Matrics Printer: A dot matrix printer or impact matrix printer is a type of computer printer with a print head that runs back and forth, or in an up and down motion, on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like the print mechanism on a typewriter. However, unlike a typewriter or daisy wheel printer, letters are drawn out of a dot matrix, and thus, varied fonts and arbitrary graphics can be produced. Because the printing involves mechanical pressure, these printers can create carbon copies and carbonless copies.

Inkjet: An inkjet printer is a type of computer printer that creates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer[1]and range from small inexpensive consumer models to very large professional machines, that can cost up to thousands of dollars CPU: The central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the functions of the computer or other processing device. It carries out each instruction of the program in sequence, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. In other words, the CPU plays a role analogous to the brain in the computer.

ALU (Arithmetic and Logical Unit) : In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, and even the simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers. The processors found inside modern CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs) accommodate very powerful and very complex ALUs; a single component may contain a number of ALUs CU (Control Unit) : A control unit in general is a central (or sometimes distributed but clearly distinguishable) part of the machinery that controls its operation, provided that a piece of machinery is complex and organized enough to contain any such unit. One domain in which the term is specifically used is the area of computer design. In the automotive industry, the control unit helps maintain various functions of the motor vehicle Hard Disk: -

A hard disk drive (HDD; also hard drive or hard disk)[2] is a non-volatile, random access digital data storage device. It features rotating rigid platters on a motordriven spindle within a protective enclosure. Data is magnetically read from and written to the platter by read/write heads that float on a film of air above the platters.

Mouse: In computing, a mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface. Physically, a mouse consists of an object held under one of the user's hands, with one or more buttons. It sometimes features other elements, such as "wheels", which allow the user to perform various system-dependent operations, or extra buttons or features that can add more control or dimensional input. The mouse's motion typically translates into the motion of a cursor on a display, which allows for fine control of a graphical user interface.