Análisis General y Gráficas de Funciones

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INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA
JOS ANTONIO ANZOTEGUI
EL TIGRE-EDO-ANZOTEGUI
Ctedra: Matemtica II
Especialidades: Mecnica - Qumica
Lic. MSc. DMASO ROJAS
227
damasorojas8@gmail.com,damasorojas8@galeon.com,joeldama@yahoo.com.
ANLISISGENERALYGRFICASDEFUNCIONES.
Enlostemasanterioresseanalizlaformacomoidentificarlospuntosenlosque
cambian las caractersticas de la grfica. Se puede localizar donde existe los puntos
mximosymnimoslocalesydeinflexin;tambinsedeterminaconprecisindndees
creciente, decreciente la grfica o dnde es cncava hacia arriba, cncava hacia abajo,
peroesnecesarioademsquesetomeencuentalasasntotas,paraobtenerunanlisis
msampliodelafuncionesquesegrafiquen.
Definicionesrigurosasdelmites,cuandox
En analoga con la definicin formal usando , para lmites ordinarios,
establecemoslassiguientesdefiniciones.
Definicin.(Lmitecuandox).Seaunafuncindefinidaen[c,)paraalgn
nmero c. Decimos que
lim ( )
x
f x L
=
si para toda > 0 existe un nmero (positivo)
correspondienteMtalque ( ) x M f x L > <
Ntese que M puede depender de . En general, cuando ms pequeo sea ,
mayordeberserM.
Definicin. (Lmite cuando x ). Sea una funcin definida en ( , c] para
algnnmeroc.Decimosque lim ( )
x
f x L
= siparatoda>0existeunnmero(negativo)
correspondienteMtalque ( ) x M f x L < <
Para resolver estos lmites, donde aparece la indeterminacin
, se divide el
numeradoryeldenominadorporlamayorpotenciadelavariable.
Definicin (Lmites Infinitos) Decimos que el lim ( )
x c
f x
= si para todo nmero

positivoM,correspondeuna>0talque 0 , ( ) si x c f x M < < >
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Definicin (Lmites Infinitos) Decimos que el lim ( )

x c
f x
= si para todo nmero

negativoM,correspondeuna>0talque 0 , ( ) si x c f x M < < <
Asntotas
Siunpunto(x,y)sedesplazacontinuamenteporunafuncin ( ) y f x = detalformaque,
por lo menos, una de sus coordenadas tienda al infinito, mientras que la distancia entre
esepuntoyunarectadeterminadatiendeacero,estarectarecibeelnombredeasntota
delafuncin.
Asntotasverticales(paralelasalejeOY)
Larectax=aesunaasntotaverticaldelacurva ( ) y f x =
lim ( ) lim ( ) lim ( )
x a
x a x a
si f x f x f x
+

= = =
Por consiguiente, para determinar las asntotas verticales de una curva, es preciso
encontrartodoslosvaloresdex=aque,alaproximarsealosmismos,lafuncintiendea
infinito.
En particular, cuando la funcin es racional, y est reducida a su mnima expresin, son
asntotasverticales,todosaquellosvaloresdexqueanulaneldenominador.
Asntotashorizontales(paralelasalejeOX)
Larectay=besunaasntotahorizontaldelacurva ( ) y f x =
lim ( ) lim ( )
x x
si f x b f x b

= =
Lasasntotashorizontalessonuncasoparticulardelasasntotasoblicuas y mx b = + (sim
=0,laasntotaeshorizontal)quesedescribenydeterminanacontinuacin.
Asntotasoblicuas(inclinadas)
Larectanovertical y mx b = + ,esunaasntotaoblicuaparalacurva ( ) y f x =
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[ ] [ ]
lim ( ) ( ) 0 lim ( ) ( )
x x
si f x mx b f x mx b ambos

+ = +
Estas condiciones significan que cuando x , (o ambos), la distancia vertical entre el

punto ( , ( )) x f x ,sobrelacurvayelpunto ( , ) x mx b + sobrelarecta,tiendeacero.
Paradeterminarlaasntotaoblicua y mx b = + seutilizanlassiguientesecuaciones:
[ ]
( )
lim lim ( )
x x
f x
m b f x mx
x

= =

Esimportantequecuandosehaganlosclculosrespectivosdebentomarencuentaestas
observacionestericas:
a) Las asntotas horizontales y oblicuas son excluyentes, es decir la existencia de unas,
implicalanoexistenciadelasotras.
b) En el clculo de los lmites se entiende la posibilidad de calcular los lmites laterales
(derecho,izquierdo),pudiendodarlugaralaexistenciadeasntotasporladerecha ypor
laizquierdadiferentesosolounadelasdos.
c)Si
( )
( )
( )
g x
f x
h x
=
,donde ( ), ( ) g x h x sonpolinomiosyelgradode ( ) g x esigualalgradode
( ) h x msuno,entonceslagrficadetieneunaAsntotaOblicua,conecuacin y mx b = +
paraalgunosnmerosrealesmyb.
d)Paraestudiarlaposicinrelativadelafuncinconrespectoalaasntota,(horizontalu
oblicua)primerocalcularemoslospuntosdecortedeambasresolviendoelsistema:
( ) ( ) ( , )
to
f x y funcin asntota p a b = = Estos puntos determinan los cambios de posicin
delafuncinrespectodelaasntota.Estoscambiosquedarnperfectamenteestablecidos
estudiandoelSIGNO[f(x)Asntota].
Ramasparablicas:
a)LacurvatieneunaramaparablicaenladireccinOYsi:
( )
lim
x
f x
x
b) La curva tiene una rama hiperblica en la direccin OX si:

( )
lim 0
x
f x
x
= de la forma
y x =
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c) La curva tiene una rama parablica en la direccin de la recta y mx = , si

( )
lim 0 lim ( )
x x
f x
y f x mx
x

=
Mtodoparaanalizarygraficarfunciones.
Al graficar funciones, no hay sustituto para el sentido comn, sin embargo el

siguiente procedimiento ser de utilidad para resolver la mayora de los casos que se
presentan.
a.Dadalafuncin ( ) f x determinareldominio.
b.Encuentrelasasntotasverticales,horizontalesuoblicuas.
c.Determine ( ) f x ;ylosvalorescrticos.
d.Luegodetermine ( ) f x ylosposiblespuntosdeinflexin(P.P.I.)
e.Paraanalizarlossignosde ( ) f x yde ( ) f x ,ydeterminardndelafuncin
crece, dnde decrece, mximos relativos, mnimos relativos, concavidad hacia arriba,
concavidadhaciaabajoylospuntosdeinflexin,serealizauncuadrodecincocolumnas
conlascaractersticassiguientes:
e.1) Primera columna: se organizan intervalos formados por los valores crticos, posibles
puntosdeinflexinyasntotasverticales,encontrados,ordenadosdemenoramayor.
e.2)Segundacolumna:secolocalafuncindada,paraenellasustituirlosvalorescrticos
yposiblespuntosdeinflexinparaconocerdondeselocalizanlosextremosrelativosylos
puntosdeinflexinenelplanocartesiano.
e.3)Terceracolumna:secolocalaprimeraderivada,parabuscarelsignoqueestaposee,
dndoleunvalorqueestencadaunodelosintervalosformados.
e.4)Cuartacolumna:secolocalasegundaderivada,parabuscarelsignoqueestaposee,
dndoleunvalorqueestencadaunodelosintervalosformados.
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e.5) Quinta columna: indica el resumen de lo analizado. En ella se indica el resultado al

aplicar los teoremas respectivos. (Intervalos donde la funcin crece, Intervalos donde la
funcin decrece, puntos mximos, concavidad hacia arriba, concavidad hacia abajo,
puntosmnimosylospuntosdeinflexinsiexisten).
INTERVALOS (X) (X) f(X) RESUMEN.

f. Se calcula los cortes entre la funcin dada y las asntotas (horizontales u

oblicuas).
g.Paragraficar,tracelasasntotasencontradas,ylocalicelospuntos(incluyendo
todoslospuntoscrticos,lospuntosdeinflexin,loscortesconlosejesyloscortesdela
asntotaconlacurva),elrestodelagrficasecompletaconelanlisis.
Nota:Enalgunoscasosobservamosqueunvalorcrtico,estambinunposiblepuntode
inflexin, los puntos obtenidos debern ser sustituidos en las derivadas terceras o
sucesivashastaquenosdunvalordiferentedecero.Cuandoestosuceda,siladerivada
paralaqueesdistintodeceroesimpar,setratadeunpuntodeinflexin;pero,sisetrata
dederivadapar,noloes.Msconcretamente:
1. Sehallalaprimeraderivadade
2. Sehallalasegundaderivadade
3. Sehallalaterceraderivadade
4. Seigualalasegundaderivadaa0:
5. Sedespejalavariableindependienteyseobtienentodoslosvaloresposiblesdela
misma:
6. Sehallalaimagendecada sustituyendolavariabledependienteenlafuncin.
7. Ahora,enlaterceraderivada,sesustituyecada :
1. Si ,setieneunpuntodeinflexinen .
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2. Si , debemos sustituir en las sucesivas derivadas hasta

sea distinto de cero. Cuando se halle la derivada para la que no sea
nulo,hayqueverquderivadaes:
1. Siladerivadaesimpar,setratadeunpuntodeinflexin.
2. Siladerivadaespar,nosetratadeunpuntodeinflexin.
Nota: En algunos ejercicios se colocar los resultados de las derivadas, pero no los
procedimientosrespectivos,quedaranacargodellector.
Analizarygraficarlassiguientesfunciones.
( )
{ }
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 3
3 3
3
2
3
2
) ( ) : 3, 3
)
: 3; 3
:
2 2
2
9 -
0 . .
lim lim lim
9 9 -
:
2
1)

li

9
x x x
x
a Domf x
b Asntotas
Vertical x x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
f x
x
x x
m m m m m AO
x x x x x x
x x
Horizontal y b
b
x
f x
x

= =
= +
= = = = = =

=
=
=
\
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2 2
0 2
m lim lim lim
9 9 9
2; 2
4 9 2 2 4 9
36

9 9 9
36
0 0 0 . . ;
9
x x x
x
x x
x
f x mx b x b b
x x x
x x
b y Asntota Horizontal
x x x x x x x
x
f x f x f x
x x x
x
f x x v c f
x

= = = =

= =
+
= = =

= = =
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2 2
4 4
2 2
2 2
2
3 3
2 2
3 . . ( )
36 9 36 2 9 2
36 9 9 4

9 9
108 3 108 3
0 0 3 0, . . .
9 9
3 . . . ( )
x en x v c domf x
x x x x
x x x
f x f x
x x
x x
f x f x x no hay P PI
x x
f x en x P PI domf x
=

+

= =

+ +

= = = +

=
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INTERVALO (X) (X) (X) RESUMEN

(,3) l,r
x=3 A.V.
(3,0) + l, U
x=0 0 Mnimorelativo
(0,3) + + l,U
x=3
A.V
(3,)
+ l,r
( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
2
. - 0 0 0, 0
:
2
2 2 9 2 18 2 2 18 0 .
9
e Cortes con los ejes x y Punto
Corte de la asntota con la curva
x
x x x x corte
x
= =
= = +
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( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2)
1
) ( ) : 1
) .
: 1
:
2 2
1
2 2
lim lim lim
2 2
1
lim
2 2
lim lim
1
x x x
x
x x x
x x
f x
x
a Domf x
b Asntotas
Vertical x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
f x x
x x
m m m
x x x x
x x
x
m m
x
x
x x
x x
b f x mx b x b
x

+
=
=
= +
+
+
= = = =

+
= =
+
= = =
\
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
lim
1
2
2
1 1 . .
1
1
x x x x
x
x
x
x
b b b y x A O
x
x
x
+ +
= = = =
( )
( )( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2 2
4 4
2
2 2 1 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1 1
2
0 0 0 . . ; 2 . . ; 1 . . ( )
1
2 2 1 2 2 1
2 1 1 2 2 1

1 1
2 1 1

x x x x
x x
x x x x x
f x f x f x
x x x
x x
f x x v c x v c f x en x v c domf x
x
x x x x x
x x x x x
f x f x
x x
x x
f x
+

+ +
= = =

= = = = =

= =

=
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
4 3 3
2
2( 2 1 2 ) 2

1 1 1
1 . . . ( )
x x
x x x x
f x f x
x x x
f x en x P P I domf x

+ +

= =

=

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(,0) + l,r
x=0 2 Mximorelativo
(0,1) l,r
x=1 A.V
(1,2) + l,U
x=2 2 Mnimorelativo.
(2,) + + l,U

( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
) 0 2; 0, 2
2 2
1 2 2 2 1 .
1
x x
Corte de la asntota con la curva x x x x x corte
x
= =
+
= + = +
( )
{ }
2
2
3)
4
) ( ) : 2, 2
) .
: 2; 2
:
=

= =
= +
\
x
f x
x
a Domf x
b Asntotas
Vertical x x
Oblicua y mx b
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( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
2 3
3 3
3 3
2
2
2
2 2
2 2
4
0 . .
lim lim lim lim
4 4
:
1 1 . .
lim lim lim
4 4
2

= = = = = =

=

= = = = =

=
x x x x
x x x
x x
f x
x
x x
m m m m m A O
x x x x x x
x x
Horizontal y b
x
x
x
b f x mx b b y A H
x x
x x
f x
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2 2
2 2 2
4 4
2 2
2 2
2
3 3
2 2
4 2 2 4
8
4 4 4
8
0 0 0 . . ; 2 . . ( )
4
8 4 8 2 4 2
8 4 4 4
4 4
8 3 4 8 3 4
; 0 0 3
4 4

= =

= = = =

= =

+ +
= = =

x x x x x x x
x
f x f x
x x x
x
f x x vc f x en x vc domf x
x
x x x x
x x x
f x f x
x x
x x
f x si f x x
x x
( )
( ) ( )
4 0 . .
2 . . . ( )
+
=
PPI
f x en x p pi domf x

(,2) + + ,
x=2 A.V.
(2,0) + ,
x=0 0 Mximorelativo
(0,2) ,
x=2 A.V.
(2,) + ,
( )
2
2 2
2
) 0 0 0, 0
: 1 4
4
x
Corte de la asntota con la curva x x corte
x
= =

= =

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( )
( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
3
2
3 2
3
2
2
2
2
) ( ) : 1
) : : 1; :
2
2
1
2
0 . .
lim lim lim
2
1
2
li
2
4)
m li
1
m

= = +
+ +
+ +
+ +
= = =
+
=
= =
+
+ +

= =
\
x x x
x x
a Domf x
b Asntotas Vertical x Oblicua y mx b
x x
x x
x
x x
x
m m m m A O
x x x x
x x
x x
f x
x
x
x x
x
b f x mx b
x
( )
( )
( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
4 4
3 3
3 2
2
6 6
1 1 . .
2 1
1 1 2 1 2 2
1 2 1 2 2 1
1 1
5 5
; 0 0 5 . . ; 1 . . ( )
1 1
1 5 3 1
1 1 3 5
1 1
= =
+

+ +
+ +

= =

= = = = =

= =

b y A H
x
x
x x x x x
x x x x x
f x f x
x x
x x
f x si f x x v c f x en x v c domf x
x x
x x x
x x x
f x f x
x x
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 4 4
2 7
1 3 15 2 14
1 1 1

+ +
= = =

x
x x x
f x f x f x
x x x
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
4
2 7
0 0 7 . . . ; 1 . . . ( )
1

= = = =
x
f x x p p i f x en x p p i domf x
x

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(,1) + + l,U
x=1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1,5) + l,U
x=5 1.125 Mnimorelativo
(5,7) + + l,U
x=7
1.11 Puntodeinflexin
(7, + l,r
( )
( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
3 3 2
3 2
2 3
3 3
3
3 2
2
) ( ): 0
) : : 0; :
3 3 1
1
3 3 1
; 1
lim lim lim lim
3 3
lim li
)
m
1
5

= = +
=
+
+
+
= = = = = =
+
= =
\
x
x x x x
x
x x
a Domf x
b Asntotas Vertical x Oblicua y mx b
x x x
x
f x
x x x
x x
m m m m m
x x x
x x
b
x
f x
x
f x mx b
( )
( )
( )
3 2 3
2
2 2
2
3 3 1
1
3; 3 . .
lim
= = =
x
x
x
x x x x
x
x
x b y x A O
x

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( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 3 2
2 2
4 4 3
2
3
2 2 3
2 3 3 2
6 6
3 3
4
3 1 1 2 1 3 2 1
1 2
1 2
0 0 1 . . ; 2 . . ; 0 . . ( )
3 3 3 3 2
3 3 3 2 3
1
3 3 3 9 6 6
x x x x x x x x
x x
f x f x f x
x x x
x x
f x x v c x v c f x en x v c domf x
x
x x x x x
x x x x x
f x f x
x
x
x x x x
f x f x
x

+

= = =
+
= = = = =

+
+

= =
+
= =
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
4 4
4
6 1
6
6 1
0 0 1 . . . ; 0 . .
x
x
f x
x x
x
f x x p p i f x en x P P I
x
= = = =

(,2) + l,r
x=2 6.75 Mximorelativo
(2,0) l,r
x=0 A.V.
(0,1) + l, r
x=1 1/4 Puntodeinflexin.
(1,) + + l,U
( )
( )
( )
3
2
3 2 3 2
: 0 1 1, 0
1
: 3
1
3 3 3 1 0.33, 0.66
3
Cortes con los ejes y x Punto
x
Corte de la Asntota con la curva x
x
x x x x x x Punto
= =
=
= + =
w
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( )
( )
( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( )
4
4
4
4
3 4
4
4 4
4
3
3
4
4
6
) ( ): 1
) .
: 1
:
4
4
4
1
1
lim lim lim lim
4
lim lim
)
1
x x x x
x x
a Domf x
b Asntotas
Vertical x
Oblicua y mx b
x
x
f x
x
x x
m m m m m
x x x x x x
x x
x
b f x m
f
x
x
b
x
x
x

=
= +
+

= = = = = =

+
= =
\
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
4 4
3 3
3 3 4 2 2 4
6 3 6 2
2 2 2
3 3 3
2 4
2
3
2
5 2 3
4 4
0
lim
1 1 1
. .
4 1 4 3 4 12
4 4 3 12
1 1 1
4 12
` 0 0 0 . . ; 1 . . ( )
1
6 12 24 1
x
x x x x
x b b b
x x
y x A O
x x x x x x x
x x x x
f x f x f x
x x x
x x x
f x x vc f x en x vc domf x
x
x x x x
f x
+
= = =

=
+
+
= = =

+
= = = =
+
=
( )( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
6 3 2 3 2
4
3
3 8 5 4 5 2 8 5 4 4 3
4 3
3 3
4 3
3
3
2 4 12 1 3
1
1 6 12 24 6 12 24 6 24 72 6 8 2 4
1 1
6 8 2 4
0 0 0 . . ; 1 . . ( )
1
x x x x x
x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
f x f x
x x
x x x x
f x x p pi f x en x p pi domf x
x
+
+ + + +

= =

+

= = = =

(,0) + + l,U
x=0 4 Puntodeinflexin
(0,1) + l,r
x=1 A.V.
(1,) + l,r
w
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( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
4 2
4
4 4
3
0 4 0, 4
0 4 1.41 4 2, 0
4
: 4 4 4, 4
1
Corte con los ejes x y Punto
y x x x Puntos
x
Corte de la asntota con la curva x x x x x Punto
x
= =
= = = =
=
= = =
( )
( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
( ) : 1
: : 1
:
2
2 1
2
1
2
2 1
1
1
lim lim lim
1
7)
lim
2
2 2
2
lim lim

1

=
= +
+
+
+
= = = = = =
+

+

+
= =
=
+
\
x x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas Vertical x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
x
f x
x x
x x
m m m m m
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
b f x x b
x
x
x
m
f
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
1 2 1
lim
1 1
3 1
3 3 . .
lim
1
+
=
+ +
+
= = =
+
x
x
x x x x
x b
x x
x
x
b b y x A O
x
x
w
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.
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( )
( )( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )[ ]
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3
1
1 1
1 3
`` 0 0 1 . . ; 3 . . ; 1 . . ( )
1
+ + + +
= = =
+
+ +
+
= = = = =
+
x x x x x x x x
f x f x f x
x
x x
x x
f x x v c x v c f x en x v c Domf x
x
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
4 4
2 2
3 3
1 2 2 1 2 2 3
2 2 1 2 2 3 1
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 4 6 8
1 1
1 . . . ( )
x x x x x
x x x x x
f x f x
x x
x x x x x
f x f x
x x
f x en x p p i Domf x

+ + + +
+ + + +

= =
+ +
+ + + +
= =
+ +
=

(,3) + l,r
x=3 8 Mximorelativo
(3,1) l,r
x=1 A.V.
(1,1) + l,U
x=1 0 Mnimorelativo
(1,) + + l,U
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
: 0 1; 0,1 ; 0 1 1, 0
1
: 3 2 1 3 3
1
= = = =
= + = +
+
Cortes con los ejes x y Punto y x Punto
x
Corte de la Asntota con la curva x x x x x x corte
x
w
w
w
.
.
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243
( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
( ) : 1,1
sin .
: 1; 1
:
8)
1

1
1
0 . .
lim lim lim lim
1 1
:
lim
x x x x
x
Domf x
A totas
Vertical x x
Oblicua y mx b
x
x
x
f x
f x
x
x
m m m m m A O
x x x x x
x x
Horizontal
x
y b
b f x

= =
= +

= = = = = =

=
=
=
\
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
4
2
0 0 . .
lim lim
1 1
1 2 1
1 2
1 1 1
1
0 0 1 0; 1 . . ( )
1
2 1 2 1 1 2
1
x x
x
x
x
mx b b b y A H
x x
x x
x x x x
x x
f x f x f x
x x x
x
f x x f x en x v c domf x
x
x x x x x
f x
x

= = = =

+

= = =

+
= = + =

+ +

=
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
4
2
2 2
2
3 3
2 2
2 1 1 2 2
1
2 3 2 3
: 0 0 0 . . . ; 3 0; 1 ( )
1 1
x x x x
f x
x
x x x x
f x si f x x p pi x f x x domf x
x x
+ + +

=
+ +
= = = = + =


(,1) ,
x=1 A.V
(1,0) + ,
x=0 0 Puntodeinflexin.
(0,1) ,
x=1 A.V
(1,) + ,
w
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( )
2
: 0 0; 0, 0
: 0 0
1
Cortes con los ejes x y Punto
x
Corte de la Asntota con la curva x
x
= =

= =

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
( ) :
.
:
1
3
0 . .
lim lim lim lim
3
3
:

lim lim l
9)
3
i
3 3

m
x x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas
Oblicua y mx b
x
f x
x x
x
m m m m m A O
x x
x x
x
x
Horizontal y b
x
x
x
b f x mx b b
x x
x
x
x
f x
x

= +
+
= = = = = =

+
+

=
= = =
+

=
+
+
\
( )
2
1 1 . . b y A H = =

w
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.
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( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
1 1
1 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2
2 3
1
1 2
2
2
2
3 3
2 5 2 2
2
2 5
1
3 3 2
3 3
2
3
3 3
( 3)
0 . .
3
3 3 2
9 3
2
9
( 3) 1 3
9
0 0 0 . . ; 3 0.
( 3)
x x x x
x x x
f x f x f x
x x
x
f x v c
x x x
x x
x
f x f x f x
x x x
x
f x x p pi x
x

+ +

+ +

= = =
+ +
+

+

+

= = =
+ +
= = = +
+

(,0) + + ,
x=0 0 Puntodeinflexin
(0,) + ,
( )
( )
: 0 0 0, 0
.
Cortes con los ejes x y Punto
Corte de la Asntota con la curva no hay corte
= =
w
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( )
( )
{ }
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
( ) : 2
.
: 2
:
9 9
9 1
2 4
lim lim lim lim
2 4
2 4 2
9
lim lim
9
10)
lim
2

2 4
4 2
x x x x
x x x
Domf x
Asntotas
Vertical x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
f x
x
x x
m m m m m
x x
x x x x
x
x
x
b f x mx b
x
f x
x
b
x

= +

= = = = = =
= = =
\
( )
2 2
9 2
1
2 2
x x x
x

+

( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
4
9 2
1 1
1 1 . .
lim
2 2 2
2 2 4 9 2 4 9
4 8 2 18
2 4 2 4 2 4
2 4 9
0 0 4 9 0; 2 ( )
2 4
2 2 4 2 4 2 4 9 2 2 4 2
2 4
x
x
x
b b y x A O
x
x
x x x x x
x x x
f x f x f x
x x x
x x
f x x x f x en x Domf x
x
x x x x x
f x
x
+

= = = +

+
+
= = =

+
= = + =
+
=
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
4 3
2 2 4 4 16 16 4 16 36
40
2 4 2 4
2 ( )
x x x x x
f x f x
x x
f x en x Domf x

+ +

= =

=

(,2) + + l,U
x=2 A. V.
(2,) + l,r
w
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( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
: 0 2.25; 0, 2.25 ; 0 9 3 3, 0 ; 3, 0
9
1
: 1 9 2 2 4
2 2 4
Cortes con los ejes x y P y x x P P
x
Corte de la Asntota con la curva x x x x x corte
x
= = = = =
+ = = +
( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 3
3 2 3
3
2
2
2
( ) : 1, 2
: : 1; 2
:
2 2
2
2
0 . .
lim lim lim lim
2 2
:
2
11)
2

li

= =
= +

= = = = =
=

=

=
=
\
x x x x
x
Domf x
Asntotas Verticales x x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
f x
x
x x x
m m m m m A O
x x x x x x x x
x
Horizontal y b
b
x
f x
x x
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2 . .
m lim
lim
2 2
4 2 2 2 1
2 4 2 4
2 2 2
2 4
0 0 0 . . ; 4 . . ; 1; 2; ( )
2

= = = =

+
= = =

+
= = = = = =

x
x
x
x
x
f x mx b b b y A H
x x x x
x
x x x x x
x x x x
f x f x f x
x x x x x x
x x
f x x vc x vc f x en x x Domf x
x x
w
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( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2
4
2
2 2
3 2
4 3
2 2
2 2
4 8 2 2 8 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 1
4 6 4
2 2
0 6 4 0, p. . .
en 1; 2 ( )

=

+ + + + +

= =

= + +
= =
x x x x x x x x
f x
x x
x x x x x x x x
x x
f x f x
x x x x
f x x x pi
f x x x Domf x

(,4) + ,
x=4 16/9 Mnimorelativo
(4,1) + + ,
x=1 A.V.
(1,0) + ,
x=0 0 Mximorelativo
(0,2) ,
x=2 A. V.
(2,) + ,
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
: 0 0; 0, 0
2
: 2 2 2 4 2 2 2, 2
2
= =
= = =

Cortes con los ejes x y P
x
Corte de la Asntota con la curva x x x x P
x x
w
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( )
{ }
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
3
2 3 2
2
2
3
( ): 1
.
: 1
:
3 2
3 2
1
2 2
0 . .
lim lim lim
3 2
12)
2 1
lim
2
1
lim li
x x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas
Vertical x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
x x
f x x
x x
x
m m m m m A O
x
x x
f
x x x x
x x
x
b f x m
x
x x
x b

+
=

=
= +
+
+
+
+
= = = = = =
+ +
+
=
+
=
+

\
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
4 4
3 3
3 2
3 2
1 1 . .
m lim
2 1 2 1
1 2 3 1 2 2 1
2 3 1 2 1 2 1
1 1
5 7 5 7
7
; 0 0 . . ; 1 ( )
5
1 1
x
x x
x x
x
b b y A H
x x x x
x
x x x x x
x x x x x
f x f x
x x
x x
f x si f x x vc f x en x Domf x
x x
+
+
= = =
+ + + +
+ +
+

= =
+ +

= = = = =
+ +
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
3 2 2
6 6
4 4
1 5 1 3 5 7
5 1 5 7 3 1
1 1
2 13 5 2 13 5
13
; 0 0 . . . ; 1 ( )
5
1 1
x x x
x x x
f x f x
x x
x x
f x si f x x p p i f x x Domf x
x x
+
+

= =
+ +

= = = = =
+ +

(,1) + + l,U
x=1 A.V.
(-1,
S
) + l,U
x =
7
5
-1
24
Mnimorelativo.
(
7
5
,
13
5
)
+ + l,U
x =
13
5

2
27
Puntodeinflexin
(
13
5
, )
+ l,r
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( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
1 1
5 5
2
: 0 2; 0, 2 ; 0 1; 2 1, 0 ; 2, 0
3 2
: 1 3 2 2 1 ,1
2 1
= = = = =
+
= + = + =
+ +
Cortes con los ejes x y P y x x P P
x x
Corte de la Asntota con la curva x x x x x P
x x
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
( ) : , 1 1,
: : 1; 1
:
1
1
1 1
1
1
lim lim lim l
1
13)
im
1
1
1
lim i
1
l

= =
= +
+
+
+
= = = = = = =

=
=
=
x x x x
x x
Domf x
Oblicua y mx b
x
x
f x
x
x
x
m m m m m m
x x
x x
x x
x
b f x b
x
x
x
m
f x
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
3
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
( 1) 1
m lim
1 1
3 1
1 1 1 1
0
lim lim
1 1 1 1 1 1
. . ; . .

+
+
= =

+
+ + +
= = =
+ + + +
= =
x
x x
x
x x x
x b
x x
x
x x x x x x
x
b b
x x x x x x x x
y x A O y x A O

w
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( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
1 1
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
1
2
3
2
2 2
2
2
2
3
2
3 1
2 2 3 2
2 2
3
2
1
2
2 2 2
2
1
2 1 1 2 1
3 2 2 1
2
1
1
1 1
3
0 0 0 . . ; 3 0 3 . . ; 1, ( )
1
3
3 3 1 3 1 2
2
1
3 1 1
+

= = =
= = = = = =

=
x x x x x
x x x x x
f x f x f x
x
x
x x
x x
si f x x v c x x v c f x en x Domf x
x
x x x x x x
f x
x
x x x x
f x
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
3
5 2
2
3
3 1
; ( . . .)
1
1

+

=

x
f x p p i
x
x

(,3) + ,
x=3 22 Mnimorelativo
(3,1) + + ,
x=1 3 3 3 A.V.
x=1 3 3 3 AV
(1,3) + ,
x=3 22 Mnimorelativo
(3,) + + ,
No existe cortes con los ejes ni con las Asntotas
w
w
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( )
( )
{ }
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
3 3
3
2 3
3 3
3
3
2
3
2
( ) : 0
.
: 0
:
8 8
8 1
2
lim lim lim lim
2
8
14)
2
2 2
8
8
lim lim lim
2 2
x x x x
x x x
Domf x
Asntotas
Vertical x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
f x
x
x x
m m m m m
x x x x
x
x
x
x
b f x mx b b
x
x
f x
x

=
= +

= = = = = =

= =
=
=
\
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3
2
2
2
2 2 3 3
4
4 4 3
3
3
2 3 3 2
5 5 2
6 4 4
1
0 . .
2 2
3 2 8 4 16
2 32
4 4 2
16
0 0 2.52 . . ; 0 ( )
2
3 2 16 6
6 6 96 24
; ( . . .)
4 4
x
x
b y x A O
x
x
x x x x x
x x
f x f x f x
x x x
x
f x x v c f x en x Domf x
x
x x x x
x x x
f x f x f x p p i
x x x
= =
+

= = =
+
= = = =
+ +
+ +
= = =

(,2.52) + l,U
x=2.52 1.9 Mnimorelativo.
(2.52,0) + + l,U
x=0 A.V.
(0,) + l,U
( )
( )
( )
3
3 3
2
: 0 2; 2, 0
8
1
: 8
2 2
Cortes con los ejes y x P
x
Corte de la Asntota con la curva x x x corte
x
= =
= =

w
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( )
{ }
( )
( ) ( )
3 3
2 3
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
( ) : 2, 2
:
: 2; 2
:
4
1
lim lim lim
4
0 . .
lim lim
4
15)
( )

4

x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas
Verticales x x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
f x
x x
m m m m
x x x x
x
x
b f x mx b
x
f
x b
x
y x A O
x
x
f
x
x

= =
= +
=
=
= = = =

= = = =
=
\
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
12 12
0 0 3.46; 0; ( . .)
4 4
2 ( )
x x x
si f x x x v c
x x
f x en x Domf x

= = = =

=

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
3 3
2 2
8 12 8 12
; 0 0 0( . . .);
4 4
2 ( )
x x x x
f x si f x x p p i
x x
f x en x Domf x
+ +
= = = =

=

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254

(-, -2S)
+ l,U
x = -2S SS
Mnimorelativo.
(-2S , -2)
+ + l,U
x = -2 3 3 3 A.V.
(-2, u) + l,r
x = u 0 Puntodeinflexin
(u, 2) + + l,U
x = 2 3 3 3 A.V.
(2, 2S)
+ l,r
x = 2S -SS
Mximorelativo.
(2S, )
l,r

( )
3
3 3
2
: 0 0; (0, 0)
: 4 0; (0, 0)
4
x
Corte de la Asntota con la curva x x x x x P
x
= =
= = + =
w
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( )
{ }
( )
( ) ( )
3 3
3
2 3
3
3
3
2
2
2
( ) : 1,1
:
: 1; 1
:
1
1
lim lim lim
0 . .
li
16)
1
m lim
1
( )
x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas
Verticales x x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
f x
x x
m m m m
x x x x
x
x
b f x mx b x b y x A O
x
x
f x
x x
x
x
f

= =
= +

= = = = =

= =
= =
=
\
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 3
2 2
3 3
0 0 1.73; 0( . .)
1 1
1 ( )
2 3 2 3
( ) ( ) 0 0 0 . . .
1 1
: 0 0; (0, 0)

x x
si f x x x v c
x x
f x en x Domf x
x x x x
f x si f x x p p i
x x
Corte de la Asntota con la curv

= = = =

=
+ +
= = = =

= =
( )
3
3 3
2
: 0; (0, 0)
1
x
a x x x x x P
x
= = =

(-, -S)
+ l,r
x = -S -SS
Mnimorelativo.
(-S , -1)
l,r
x = -1 3 3 3 A.V.
(-1, u) + l,U
(u, 1) l,r
x = 1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1, S)
+ l,U
x = S SS
Mximorelativo.
(S, )
+ + l,U
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( )
{ }
( )
( ) ( )
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1 1
2 2
( ) :
: :
:
1 1
2 1
0 ( . .)
lim lim lim
2
1
. .
lim lim
2 1
3
(
1
17)
2 1
)
=
= +

+
= = = = =
+

= = = =
+
=
=
+
\
x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas Verticales x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
f x
x x
m m m m A O
x x x x
x
x
b f x mx b b y A H
x
f
x
x
x
f x
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1
2 2 2
1
2 3 3
3
0 0 ( )
2 1 2 1
12 12
( ) ( ) 0 0 ( )
2 1 2 1
: 0 1; (0, 1); 0 1; ( 1, 0)
1
:
2 1
= = =
+ +
= = = =
+ +
= = = =
+
si f x f x en x Domf x
x x
f x si f x f x en x Domf x
x x
Cortes con los ejes x y P y x P
x
Corte de la Asntota con la curva
x
1
2
2 2 2 1 = = + x x corte

(-, -
1
2
)
+ l,U
x = -
1
2
3 3 3 A.V.
(-
1
2
, )
l,r
w
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( )
{ }
( )
( )
3
3
3
2
3
3 2
3
3 3 3 2
2
2
( ) : 1
: : 1; :
( 1)
18)
( 1)
1
lim lim lim
2
2
lim lim lim
( 1) ( 1)

= = +

= = = = =
+

+
= =
\
x x x
x x x
Domf x
Asntotas Verticales x Oblicua y mx b
x
x
f x
x
x
m m m m
x x x x x
x
x x x x x
b f x mx b x b
f
x
x x
x
x
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
3 3
4 4
2 2( . .)
3 3
( ) 0 0 0; 3( . .); 1 ( )
1 1
6 6
( ) ( ) 0 0 0( . . .) 1 ( )
1 1
: 0 0; (0, 0)

= = +

= = = = = =

= = = = =

= =
b y x AO
x x x x
f x si f x x x v c f x en x Domf x
x x
x x
f x si f x x p pi f x en x Domf x
x x
Corte de la
3
8 2 2
3 3 3 2
: 2 ( , )
( 1)
= + =
x
Asntota con la curva x x P
x
w
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(-, u) + l,r
x = u u Puntodeinflexin
(u ,1) + + l,U
x = 1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1, S) + l,U
x = S
27
4

Mnimorelativo.
(S, ) + + l,U
( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( )
3 3
3
3
2
3
3 3
2 2
3
( ) : 1
: : 0; :
8 8
8
0 ( . .);
lim lim lim lim
2 4 2 4
( ) 0 0 1.59( .
8
19)

= = +

= = = = = =

+ +
= = =
=

=
\
x x x x
Domf x
x x
f x
x
x x
m m m m AO b b
x x x x
x
x x
f x si f
x
x
x
x
x x
x
v
f
( )
( ) ( )
( )
3 3
3 3
.); 0 ( )
2 8 2 8
( ) ( ) 0 0 2( . . .) 0 ( )
: 0 2; (2, 0)
=

= = = = =
= =
c f x en x Domf x
x x
f x si f x x p p i f x en x Domf x
x x
w
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259

(-, -1.S9) + l,U
x = -1.S9 7.SS Mnimorelativo.
(-1.S9 ,u) + + l,U
x = u 3 3 3 A.V.
(u, 2) + l,r
x = 2 0 Puntodeinflexin
(2, ) + + l,U
( )
{ }
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2
2 2 2
( ) : 0
:
: 0
:
2 2
1
lim lim lim
2
2
2 2
1
lim
0)
lim lim

x x x
x x x
Domf x
Asntotas
Vertical x
Oblicua y mx b
x x x x
f x
x x
m m m m
x x x
x
x x x x x
b f x mx b
x x
f x
x b b y x
x
x
x

+
=
= +
+ +
= = = = =

+ +
= = = =
=
=
\
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1( . .)
2 2
( ) 0 0 2( . .); 0 ( )
AO
x x
f x si f x x v c f x en x Domf x
x x

= = = = =
w
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( )
3 3
2
4 4
( ) ( ) 0 0 0 ( )
:
2
: 1
f x si f x f x en x Domf x
x x
Cortes con los ejes corte
x x
Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota x corte
x
= = = =
+
=

(-, -2)
+ l,r
x = -2
7.SS Mximorelativo.
(- 2, u)
l,r
x = u 3 3 3 A.V.
(u, 2)
+ l,U
x = 2
0 Mnimorelativo.
(2, )
+ + l,U
w
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( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
3 3
3
3
2
3
3
3 3
2 2
( ) : 0
: : 0 :
3 3
0
3
2
( . .)
lim lim lim
3
lim lim
2 3 2 3
( ) 0
1)

= = +
+ +
= = = = =
+
= =

= =
+
=
\
x
x x x
x
x x
Domf x
x x
f x
x x
m m m m AO
x x
x
b f x mx b b
x
x x
f x si f x
x
x
x
x
x
f
( )
( ) ( )
( )
3 3
3 3
0 1.44( . .); 0 ( )
2 3 2 3
( ) ( ) 0 0 1.44( . . .) 0 ( )
: 0 1.44; ( 1.44, 0)
:
= = =
+ +
= = = = =
= =
x v c f x en x Domf x
x x
f x si f x x p pi f x en x Domf x
x x
Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota

(-, -1.44) + l,U
x = -1.44 u Puntodeinflexin
(-1.44 ,u) l,r
x = u 3 3 3 A.V.
(u, 1.44) + l,U
x = 1.44 S.9S Mnimorelativo.
(1.44, ) + + l,U
w
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( )
{ }
( )
( )
2
2 2
5
5 4
2
3 2
5
2
( ): 2,1
:
: 2; 1;
:
( 4)
4
( 2)
0 ( . .)
lim lim l
( 4)
22)
im
2 3 4 4
(
l
2
im
)

= =
= +

+
= = = = =
+ +
=
+

= =
\
x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas
Verticales x x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
x
f x
x x
x
m m m m AO
x
x x
f x
x
x x x x x x
x
b f x mx b
x
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
3 2 3 2
3 3
2 2
4 3 4 3
4 4
2 2
( 4)
0 0( . .)
lim
( 2)
2 6 4 2 6 4
( ) 0 0 6.107( . .); 2; 1 ( )
2 2
6 8 16 4 6 8 16 4
( ) ( ) 0 0
2 2
0.242; 8.
= =
+

= = = = = =
+ +

= = =
+ +
= =
x x
b y AH
x x
x x x x
f x si f x x vc f x en x x Domf x
x x x x
x x x x x x
f x si f x
x x x x
x x
( )
2 2
242( . . .); 2; 1 ( )
: 0 0; (0,0)
( 4)
: 0 0; 4 (0,0); (4,0)
( 2)
= =
= =
= = =
+
p pi f x en x x Domf x
x x
Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota x x P P
x x

(-, -2) + + l,U
x = -2 3 3 3 A.V.
(-2, -u.24) + l,U
x = -u.24 u.uu7S Puntodeinflexin
(-u.24 ,1) l,r
x = 1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1, 6.1) + l,r
x = 6.1 u.21S8 Mximorelativo.
(6.1, 8.2) l,r
x = 8.2 u.uu6 Puntodeinflexin
(8.2, ) + l,U
w
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( )
{ }
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
5
5 4 3
5
2
2 2
2
( ) : 1, 4
:
: 1; 4
:
4
4
( 5 4)
0 ( . .)
lim lim lim
10 3
4
23)
(
3 40 16
li
5
m
4)
x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas
Verticales x x
Oblicua y mx b
x
x
f x
x x
x
m m m m AO
x x x x x x x
x
b f x mx b
x
f x
x x

= =
= +

+
= = = = =
+
=
+

= =
\
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
3 3
3 3
2 2
4 2 4 2
4 4
2 2
4
0 0( . .)
lim
( 5 4)
2 12 20 2 12 20
( ) 0 0
5 4 5 4
4.107( . .); 4; 1 ( )
6 24 80 84 6 24 80 84
( ) ( ) 0 0
5 4 5 4
x
b y AH
x x
x x x x
f x si f x
x x x x
x v c f x en x x Domf x
x x x x x x
f x si f x
x x x x
x
= =
+
+ +
= = =
+ +
= = =
+ +
= = =
+ +
= ( )
1 1
4 4
2
2 2
6.242; 2.242( . . .); 4; 1 ( )
: 0 ; (0, )
4
: 0 2; 2 ( 2, 0); (2, 0)
( 5 4)
x p pi f x en x x Domf x
x
Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota x x P P
x x
= = =
= =
= = =
+
w
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(-, -6.24) l,r
x = -6.24 -u.uu6 Puntodeinflexin
(-6.24, -4.1) + l,U
x = -4.1 -u.uu7S Mnimorelativo.
(-4.1 ,1) + + l,U
x = 1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1, 2.24) + l,U
x = 2.24 -u.21S8 Puntodeinflexin
(2.24, 4) l,r
x = 4 3 3 3 A.V.
(4, ) + l,r
( )
{ }
( )
( )
4 2 4 2
2 4
3
4 2
2
4
4 2
2
( ) : 1,1
: : 1; 1; :
2 2
1
( . .)
lim lim lim
2
lim lim
1
2
24)
1

=

= = = +

= = = =

= =
\
x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas Verticales x x Oblicua y mx b
x x x x
f x
x x
m m m m AO
x x x x
x
x x
x x
f x
b f x b
x
x
mx b
w
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( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 2 4 2
2 2
2 2
6 4 6 4
3 3
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) : 0 0
1 1
0 ( . .); 1 ( )
2 3 2 2 3 2
( ) : ( ) 0 0
1 1
1.78; ( . . .); 1 ( )
: 0 0; (0, 0)
+ +
= = =

= =

= = =

= =
= =
x x x x x x
f x si f x
x x
x v c f x en x Domf x
x x x x
f x si f x
x x
x p p i f x en x Domf x
Cortes con los ejes x y P ; 0 2
:
= =
y x

(-, -1.78) + l,U
x = -1.78 1.74 Puntodeinflexin
(-1.78, -1) l,r
x = -1 3 3 3 A.V.
(-1 ,u) + l,U
x = u u +Mnimorelativo
(u,1) + + l,U
x = 1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1, 1.78) + l,r
x = 1.78 1.74 Puntodeinflexin
(1.78, ) + + lU
w
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( )
{ }
( )
( )
2 2
2 3
3
3
2
2
2
2
( ) : 1,1
: : 1; 1 :
( 1) ( 1)
1
0 ( . .)
lim lim lim
( 1)
lim
( 1)
lim
1
25)
1

= = = +
+ +
= = = = =

+
=
+
=
\
x x x
x x
Domf x
x x
f x
x x
m m m m
x
A O
x x x x
x
x
b f x mx
x
x
b
f
x
b
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 3
2 2
1 1( . .)
4 4
( ) : 0 0 0 ( . .); 1 ( )
1 1
4 3 1 4 3 1
( ) : ( ) 0 0 ; ( . . .); 1 ( )
1 1
: 0 1; (0,1);
= =
= = = = =

+ +
= = = =

= =
y A H
x x
f x si f x x v c f x en x Domf x
x x
x x
f x si f x p p i f x en x Domf x
x x
Cortes con los ejes x y P Cortes entre f
2
2
( 1)
( ) . : 1
1
+
=
x
x y A H corte
x

(-, -1) l,r
x = -1 3 3 3 A.V.
(-1,u) + l,U
x = u 1 +Mnimorelativo
(u ,1) + + l,U
x = 1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1, ) + l r
w
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( )
{ }
( )
( )
2 2
2 3
3 2
2
2
2
3
2
( ) : 2,1
:
: 2; 1
:
2
0 ( . .)
lim lim lim
2
1 1( . .
lim lim
2 )
2
2
6
x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas
Verticales x x
Oblicua y mx b
x x
f x
x x x
m m m m AO
x x x x
x
x
b f x mx b b y AH
x
x
f x
x
x x

= =
= +
+
= = = = =
+

= =
=
+
= =
+
\
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
)
4 4
( ) : 0 0 0; 4( . .)
2 2
2; 1 ( )
x x x x
f x si f x x x v c
x x x x
f x en x x Domf x

= = = = =
+ +
= =
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3 2 3 2
3 3
2 2
2
2
2 6 4 2 6 4
( ) : ( ) 0 0
2 2
6.107( . . .); 2; 1 ( )
: 0 0; (0, )
: 1 2 (2,1)
2
x x x x
f x si f x
x x x x
x p p i f x en x x Domf x
x
Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota x p
x x

= = =
+ +
= = =
= =
= =
+

(-, -2) + + l,U
x = -2 3 3 3 A.V.
(-2,u) + l,r
x = u 0 +Mximorelativo
(u ,1) l,r
x = 1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1,4) + l,U
x = 4 = u.88 +Mnimorelativo
(4, 6.1) + + l,U
x = 6.1 = u.9u Puntodeinflexin
(6, ) + l,r
w
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268

( )
{ }
( )
( )
4 2
5
4 2
2 2
3
2 2
5
3 2
5
( ) : 1,1
: : 1; 1 :
2 ( 2 2)
(2 4 4 )
( 1)
2
lim
2 ( 2
lim lim
2
l
2)
2
i
7)
m
( 1)
x x x
x
Domf x
x x x
x x x
f x
x x x
f x
x
x
x
m m m m
x x x x x
x
b f x mx

= = = +
+
+

= = = = =
+

=
=
\
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 2
2 2
6 4 6 4
3 3
2 2
2 2
4 4
2 2
2 ( 2 2)
2 0 2 ( . .)
lim
( 1)
2 3 2 2 3 2
( ) : 0 0
1 1
= 1.787; 1.787( . .); 1 ( )
24 1 24 1
( ) : ( ) 0 0 0( . . .)
1 1
x
x x x
b x b y x AO
x
x x x x
f x si f x
x x
x x v c f x en x Domf x
x x x x
f x si f x x p pi
x x
+
= = =

= = =

= =
+ +
= = = =

( )
4 2
2 2
; 1 ( )
: 0 0; (0, 0)
2 ( 2 2)
: 2 0; (0, 0)
( 1)
f x en x Domf x
x x x
Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota x x p
x
=
= =
+
= =
w
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(-, -1.78) + l,r
x = -1.78 1.74 +Mximorelativo
(-1.78, -1) l,r
x = -1 3 3 3 A.V.
(-1 ,u) + l,r
(u,1) + + l,U
x = 1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1, 1.78) + l,U
x = 1.78 1.74 +Mnimorelativo
(1.78, ) + + l,U
( )
( )
( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
1 1
2 2 2
2
2
( ) : 2, 2
: : 2; 2 :
12
2 4
0 ( . .)
lim lim
12
( . .)
lim lim
2 4
4
(
12
28)
2 4
)

= = = +

= = = =
= = = =
\
x x
x x
Domf x
x x
x
f x
m m m AO
x x
x x
b f x mx b b y A
x x
f
x
H
x
x
f x
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
3 3
2 2
12 4 12
: 0 0; 0( . ); 2 ( )
4 4
+ +
= = = =

x x x x
si f x x v c f x en x Domf x
x x
w
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( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 2 4 2
3 3
2 2
2 2
2
2
12 24 16 12 24 16
( ) : ( ) 0 0
4 4
( . . .); 2 ( )
: 0 0; (0, 0); 0 2 3
12
1
:
2
2 4
+ + + +
= = =

=
= = = =
x x x x
f x si f x
x x
p pi f x en x Domf x
Cortes con los ejes x y P y x
x x
Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota corte
x


(-, -2) l,r
x = -2 3 3 3 A. I.
(-2,u) + l,r
x = u 0 +Mximorelativo
(u ,2) l,r
x = 2 3 3 3 A. I
(2, ) + l,r
w
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( )
( )
{ }
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2 2
3 3
2 2
( ) : 1,1
: : 1; 1 :
4
0 ( . .); 0 0( . .)
lim lim lim
1
4 3 1 4 3 1
( ) : 0
4
1 1
29)
1

= = = +
= = = = = = =

+ +
= =
\
x
x
x x x
Domf x
f x
x
m m m AO b b y AH
x x
x
x x
f x si f x
x x
x
f x
x
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
4 4
2 2
2
2
0; ( . ); 1 ( )
48 1 48 1
( ) : ( ) 0 0
1 1
0( . . .); 1 ( )
4
: 0 0; (0, 0); ( ) . : 0 0 (0, 0)
1
= =
+ +
= = =

= =
= = = =
v c f x en x Domf x
x x x x
f x si f x
x x
x p p i f x en x Domf x
x
Cortes con los ejes x y P Cortes entre f x y AH x p
x

(-, -1) + + l,U
x = -1 3 3 3 A.V.
(-1,u) + l,U
(u ,1) l,r
x = 1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1, ) + l,r
w
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( )
( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
2
3
3
2
1
2
2 2
3 3
1
( ) : 1
: : 1 :
:
1; 2 2( . .)
lim lim lim
1
3 3
( ) : 0 0;
30)
0;
1 1
= = +
= = = = = = = +

= = = =

=
\
x
x
x x x
x
x
Domf x
Asntota Oblicua
f x
x
m m m b x b y x AO
x x
x
x x x x
f x si f x x
x x
f x
( ) ( )
( )
4 4
3
8 2 2
3 3 3 2
3( . ); 1 ( )
6 6
( ) : ( ) 0 0 0; ( . . .); 1 ( )
1 1
: 0 0; (0, 0); ( ) . . : 2 ( , )
1
= =
= = = = =

= = = + =
x v c x Domf x
x x
f x si f x x p p i x Domf x
x x
x
Cortes con los ejes x y P Cortes entre f x y AO x x p
x

(-, u) + l,r
(u,1) + + l,U
x = 1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1 ,S) + l,U
x = S
27
4

Mnimorelativo
(S, ) + + l,U
w
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( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
( ) : 0
: : 0 :
2
1
lim lim
2
0 ( . .)
lim lim
1 1
( ) : 0 0
2 2
31) ( )
; 0 (
x x
x x
Domf x
x
f x
x
m m m
x x
x
b f x mx b x b y x AO
x
x x
f x si f x x Domf
x
x
f x x f
x
x
x
x

= = +
= = = =
= = = =
+ +
=
= =
=
=
=
\
3 3
2
)
2 2
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 0 ( )
: 0; ( 1, 0); (1, 0)
2
:
x
f x si f x x Domf x
x x
Cortes con los ejes y x P P
x
x
= = = =
= =

(-, u) + + l,U
x = u 3 3 3 A. I.
(u, ) + l,r
w
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( )
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2
( ) : 1
: : 1 :
2
1
2
lim lim
2
2 2 2 2( . .)
lim lim
1
2 2 2 2
( ) : 0 0;
2
3
1
1
0
1
2)
;
x x
x x
Domf x
x
f x
x
m m m
x x
x
b f x mx b x b y x AO
x
x x x x
f x si f x
x
f
x
x
x
x
x
x

= = +
= = = =
= = = = +

= = = = =

=
\
( ) ( )
3 3
2
2( . .); 1 ( )
4 4
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 1 ( )
1 1
: 0; ( 1, 0); (1, 0)
2
: 2 2
1
v c x Domf x
f x si f x x Domf x
x x
Cortes con los ejes y x P P
x
x
=
= = = =

= =
= +

(-, u) + l,r
x = u u +Mximorelativo
(u,1) l,r
x = 1 3 3 3 A.V.
(1 ,2) + l,U
x = 2 8 +Mnimorelativo
(2, ) + + l,U
w
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( )
{ }
( )
( )
2 2
3 3
( ) : 0
: : 0 :
1
1
0; 1 1( . .)
lim lim lim
1 1
( ) : 0 0; 0 ( )
2 2
( ) : ( ) 0 0
3
;
1
3 )

= = +
+
+
= = = = = = =
= = = =
= = =
=
+
=
\
x x x
Domf x
x
f x
x
x
m m m b b y AH
x x x
f x si f x x Domf x
x x
f x si f x
x x
x
x
x
x
f
0 ( )
1
: 0; ( 1, 0); (1, 0); ( ) . : 1
+
= = =
Domf x
x
Cortes con los ejes y x P P Cortes entre f x y AH corte
x

(-, u) + + l,U
x = u 3 3 3 A. I.
(u, ) + l,r
w
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( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
( ) :
: : :
4
4
4
0; 1 1( . .)
lim lim lim
4
16 16
( ) : 0 0; 0( . .)
4 4
16 4 - 3
4
34)
4
( )

= +

+
= = = = = = =
+
= = = =
+ +
+
=
=
\
x x x
Domf x
Asntotas Verticales Oblicua y mx b
x
f x
x
x
m m m b b y A H
x x x
x x
f x si f x x v c
x x
x
f x
x
x
x
f
x
( )
( )
( )
2
2 3 4
3 3 3 3
2
2
2
16 4 - 3
: ( ) 0 0; ( . . .)
4 4
: 0 1; 0 2; ( 2, 0); ( 2, 0); (0, 1)
4
: 1
4
= = = =
+
= = = =
=
+
x
si f x x p p i
x
Cortes con los ejes x y si y x P P P
x
x

(-,
-23
3
)
l,r
x =
-23
3

-1
2

Punto Jc inlcxion
(
-23
3
, u)
+ l,U
x = u -1 +Mnimorelativo
u ,
23
3
)
+ + l,U
x =
23
3

-1
2

Punto Jc inlcxion
(
23
3
, )
+ l,r
w
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( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
( ) : 1 0 ( , 1) (1, )
:
35)
: 1 :
( 1)
lim lim
2
2 ( 1)
0 0
lim lim
( 1
i
)
l m
1
)
(
x x
x x
x
Domf x x
f x
Ln x
m m m se aplica L hospital
x x
x
x
m m m
x x
b f x mx
f x Ln x

>
= = +

= = =
= = = =
=
=
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 ( )
lim
2 2
( ) : 0 0; 0; 1 ( )
1 1
2( 1) 2 (2 ) 2( 1) 2( 1)
( ) ( ) : ( ) 0 0; 1 ( )
( 1) ( 1) ( 1)
:
x
b Ln x b Rama parablica
x x
f x si f x x x domf x
x x
x x x x x
f x f x si f x x domf x
x x x
Cortes con los ejes y
= =
= = = = =

+ +
= = = = =

= 0; 2
:
x
=

(-, -1) l,r
x = -1 3 3 3 A. I.
x = 1 3 3 3 A. I.
(1, ) + l,r
w
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( ) ( )
[ ]
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
( ) : 2, 3
: : 2; 3 :
5 6
lim lim
2 5
5 6
0; 5 6 (
li
36) 5 6
m lim

= = = +
+

= = =
+
= = =
= +
+ =
\
x x
x x
Domf x
Ln x x
f x
m m m se aplica L hospital
x x
x
x
f x Ln x x
x
m m b Ln x x b Rama Parabli
x
( )
5
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
5 5
2
)
2 5 2 5
( ) : 0 0; ( . .); 2; 3 ( )
5 6 5 6
2 10 13 2 10 13
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 2; 3 ( )
( 5 6) ( 5 6)
: 0; ; ( )

= = = = = =
+ +
+ +
= = = = =
+ +
= =
ca
x x
f x si f x x v c x x Domf x
x x x x
x x x x
f x si f x x x Domf x
x x x x
Cortes con los ejes y x Cortes entre f x y a : sntota corte

(-, 2) l,r
x = 2 3 3 3 A. I.
x = S 3 3 3 A. I.
(S, ) + l,r
w
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( )
[ ]
( )
( )
( )
2
( ) : 0
: : 0; :

0
lim lim
0
lim lim
1 1
( ) : 0 0; 0; ( )
1
( )
,
37
0
)
:

x x
x x
Domf x
Ln x f x
m m m
x x
b f x mx b Ln x b
f x si f x x Domf x
x x
f x
y Ln x si x
f
si
x
x Ln x

= = +
= = = =
= = =
= = = =
=
= >
=
\
( )
2
2 2
(- ), 0
1
( ) 0 0; 0; ( )
1 1
( ) : 0 0; 0; ( )
1 1
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 0; ( )
: 0; 1
: 0 1
f x x Domf x
x
f x si f x x Domf x
x x
f x si f x x Domf x
x x
Cortes con los ejes y x
Cortes entre la funcin y la
y Ln
asntota L
x s
n x x
i x
= = =
= = = =
= = = =
= =
=
<
=
=
INTERVALO
(X)
(X) (X) RESUMEN

(,0)

X=0
3

3

3 A.V.
(0,)

+
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( )
[ ]
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
( ) : 2, 2
: : 2; :
( 4)
0
lim lim
( 4) ( )
lim lim
2 2
( )
38
: 0 0;
4
( 4)
4
)
x x
x x
Domf x
f x
Ln x
m m m
x x
b f x mx b Ln x b Rama parablica
x x
f x si
f x Ln
x
x x
x
f x

= = +

= = = =
= =
=
= = =
\
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
0( . .); 2 ( )
2 4 2 4
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 2; ( )
4 4
: 0; 5
:
v c x Domf x
x x
f x si f x x Domf x
x x
= =
+ +
= = = =

= =

(-, -2) l,r
x = -2 3 3 3 A. I.
x = 2 3 3 3 A. I.
(2, ) + l,r
w
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( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( ) : ( 1,1)
: : 1; :
1
1 1
; 0
lim lim lim
1
2 2
( ) : 0 0; 1
1 1
1
9
1

1
3 )
1
= = +
+

+

= = = = =

= = = =
+
+

+

\
x x x
Domf x
Asntotas Ver
x
f x Ln
x
ticales x Oblicua y mx b
x
Ln
f x
x x
m m m b Ln b
x x x
f x si f x x
x x x x
i
( ) Domf x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
4 4
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 0( . . .) 1; ( )
1 1 1 1
: 0; 0; ( ) :
= = = = =
+ +
= =
x x
x x x x
Cortes con los ejes y x Cortes entre f x y la asntota corte
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
( ) : { 1 }
: : 1; :
2
2
0;
lim lim lim
2( ( ) 1) 2( ( ) 1)
( ) : 0 0
( ( ) 1) 0 ( )
2
1
40)
+

= = +
= = = = =

= = =
= =
=
=
\
x x x
Domf x
x
f x
x
Lnx
m m m b b
x x Lnx
Ln x Ln x
f x si f x
Lnx Lnx
Ln
x
f x
Lnx
x Ln x x e( . .); 1( . .) ( ) = v c x v c Domf x
w
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( ) ( )
2
3 3
2(2 ( )) 2(2 ( ))
( ) : ( ) 0 0; ( . . .)
0( . . .) ( ); 1 ( )
: 0; 0; ( ) :

= = = =
= =
= =
Ln x Ln x
f x si f x x e p p i
x Lnx x Lnx
x p p i f x x Domf x
Cortes con los ejes y x Cortes entre f x y la asntota corte
INTERVALO (X) (X) f(x) RESUMEN

(u,1) l,r
x = 1 3 3 3 A. I.
(1, e) + l,U
x = e 2e +Mnimorelativo
(e, e
2
) + + l,U
x = e
2
e
2
Puntodeinflexin
(e
2
, ) + l,r
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3 3
( ) : { 0 }
: : 1; :
( 1) ( 1)
( ) : 0 0 1( .
41)
.); 0( . .) ( )
( 2 2) ( 2 2)
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 0 ( )

= = +

= =
=
= = =
+ +
= = = =
\
x x
x x
x
Domf x
e x e x
f x si f x x v c x v c Domf x
x x
e x x e x x
f x si f x x Domf x
x
e
f x
x
x
Cort : ; : es con los ejes corte Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota corte
w
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283

(-, u) l,r
x = u 3 3 3 A. I.
(u, 1) + l,U
x = 1 e +Mnimorelativo
(1, ) + + l,U
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
( ) : { 0 }
: : 0; :
lim lim
2
( )
lim
0; ( ) 0
l
42)
im lim
x
x x
x
x
x
x x
x
Domf x
e
f x
x
m m se aplica L hospital
x x
e
x
m m Rama parablica
x
e
b f x mx b b
e
f x
x
f x x del d
x
+

= = +
= = =
=
= = = >
=
\
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
3 3
2 2
4 4
( 2) ( 2)
( ) : 0 0 2( . .); 0 ( )
( 4 6) ( 4 6)
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 0 ( )
:
:
x x
x x
om
e x e x
f x si f x x v c x Domf x
x x
e x x e x x
f x si f x x Domf x
x x

= = = = =
+ +
= = = =
w
w
w
.
.
c
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284

(-, u) + + l,U
x = u 3 3 3 A. I.
(u, 2) + l,U
x = 2
c
2
4

+Mnimorelativo
(2, ) + + l,U
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
( ) : { 3 }
: : 3; 3 :
3 2
(
4
)
lim lim lim
0; ( ) 0
l
3)
im lim
3
3
x x
x x x
x
x
x x
Domf x
e e
f x
x x
m m por L hospital m m Rama parablica
x x x
e
b f x mx b b f
f x
x
x
e
x

= = =
=
= = = =
= = = >
\
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
4 3 4 3
2 3 2 3
0 . .
( 3) (2 ) ( 2 3)
( ) ( )
( 3) ( 3)
( 2 3)
: 0 0 1( . .); 3( . .) 3 ( )
( 3)
( 4 12 15) ( 4 12 15)
( ) : ( ) 0 0
( 3) ( 3)
x x x
x
x x
x del dom y AH
e x e x e x x
f x f x
x x
e x x
si f x x v c x v c x Domf x
x
e x x x e x x x
f x si f x
x x
=

= =

= = = = =
+ + + +
= = =

; 3 ( )
:
:
x Domf x
=
w
w
w
.
.
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285

(-, -S)
+ + l,U
x = -S
3 3 3 A. I.
(-S, -1)
+ l,r
x = -1
-1
2c
+Mximorelativo
(-1, S)
l,r
x = S
3 3 3 A. I.
(S,S)
+ l,U
x = S
c
3
6

+Mnimorelativo
(S, ) + + l,U
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) :
: : ; :
1
( )
lim lim lim
0; 0( . .); ( ) 0
lim lim
(1 )
(
44
: 0
)
)

x
x
x x x
x
x x
x
x
Domf x
x
f x
e
m m m Rama parablica
x x e
x
b f x mx b b y A H f
x
f x
x x del dom
e
x
e
f x si f x
e

= +
= = = =
= = = = >

=
= =
\
(1 )
0 1( . .)
( 2) ( 2)
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 2( . . .)
: 0 0
: (0, 0)
x
x x
x
x v c
e
x x
f x si f x x p p i
e e
Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota corte p
= =

= = = =
= =

w
w
w
.
.
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286

(-, 1) + l,r
x = 1 = u.S6 +Mximorelativo
(1, 2) l,r
x = 2 = u.27 Puntodeinflexin
(2, ) + l,U
( )
( )
( )
3
3
2
3
( ) : 0 1, 0 (0,1) (1, )
: : 1; :
lim lim lim
( )
li
4
m lim
( )
5)
x x x
x x
Domf x Lnx x adems x
x
f x
x
Lnx
m m m m
x x Lnx
x
f x
x
b f x mx b b Rama parablica
Lnx
f x
Lnx

= = >
= = +
= = = =
=
= =
=
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
(3 ( ) 1) (3 ( ) 1)
: 0 0
x Ln x x Ln x
si f x
Lnx Lnx

= =
( ) ( )
1
3 1
3
2 2
3 3
(3 ( ) 1) 0 ( ) ( . .); 0 ( )
(6( ( )) 5 ( ) 2) (6( ( )) 5 ( ) 2)
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 0 ( )
: 0 0; ( )
:
Ln x Ln x x e v c x Domf x
x Ln x Ln x x Ln x Ln x
f x si f x x Domf x
Lnx Lnx
Cortes con los ejes y x Domf x
Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota co
= = = =
+ +
= = = =
= =
rte
w
w
w
.
.
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287

(u,1) l,r
x = 1 3 3 3 A. I.
(1, Ve)
+ l,U
x = Ve
Se +Mnimorelativo
(Ve, )
+ + l,U
( )
( )
( )
2
( ) :
: : ; :
1
lim lim lim
1
1 1 0 1( )
lim
1
(
li
4
m lim
6)
x x x
x
x x
Domf x
f x
x arctgx arct
f x x arctgx
gx
m m m
x x x
m Rama parablica
x
b f x mx b x

= +

= = = =

= = =

+

= =
=
\
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
)
( ) : 0 0 0( . .)
1 1
2 2
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 0( . . .)
(1 ) (1 )
: 0 0
:
arctgx x b
x x
f x si f x x v c
x x
x x
f x si f x x p p i
x x
Cortes con los ejes x y

= = = =
+ +
= = = =
+ +
= =

w
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w
.
.
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288

(-, u) + l,r
(u, ) + + l,U
( )
{ } { }
( )
3
2 2 2 2
3
2 2
2
( ) : 0 0 ; ( ) : ( ) :
: :
cos cos
( ) : 0 0 2 (
1
47) ;
. .); 2 ( . .)
( . .)
(
; ( . .
0, 2
)
c s
( )
)
o

= = +
=

= = = = + = +
= =
=
=
] \ \ Domf x senx x k k Donf x k Donf x

Asntotas Verticales x
x x
f x si f x x k v c x k v c
sen x sen x
x v c x v c
x
f
f x
senx
x
2
3 3
1 cos 1
: ( ) 0 0; ( . . .)
: ; :
+ +
= =

x
si f x p p i
sen x sen x
Cortes con los ejes Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota

(u,
n
2
) + l,U
x =
n
2
1 +Mnimorelativo
(
n
2
, n) + + l,U
x = n 3 3 3 A. I.
(n,
3n
2
) + l,U
x =
3n
2

1 +Mximorelativo
(
3n
2
, 2n)
l,r
w
w
w
.
.
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( )
] [
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
( ) : ( , 0 2, )
: :
2
1
lim lim lim
2 2
2
lim lim lim
2
2
1 1(
48)
.
im
2
2
.
l

= = = = =
+
= = +
=
=

= = = +

x x x
x x x
x
Domf x
Asntotas Verticales
f x
x x
f x m m m
x x
x x x x x x
b f x mx b x x x b
x x x
x
b y x AO
x x x
f x x x
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2
)
2
1
lim lim
2 2
2
lim lim lim
2
2
1 1( . .)
lim
2
+

= + = = =
+
= = =
+
= = =
+
x x
x x x
x
x x
f x m m
x
x x x x x x
b f x mx b x x x b
x x x
x
b y x AO
x x x
w
w
w
.
.
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290
( ) ( )
3 3
1 1
( ) : 0 0 1( . .); 0; 2( . .)
( 2) ( 2)
1 1
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 0; 2 ( )( . . .)
( ( 2)) ( ( 2))
: 0 0
:

= = = = = =

= = = = =

= =
x x
f x si f x x v c x x v c f x
x x x x
f x si f x x x f x p p i
x x x x


(-, u) l,r
x = u 0
x = 2 0
(2, ) + l,r
( )
] [
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
( ): ( , 2 0, )
: :
2
1; 2 2
lim lim lim lim lim
2 2
2
1 1(
lim lim
2 2
49) 2

+
+
= = = = = = + + =
+

= = = =
= +
+ +
x x x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas Verticales
f x
x x
f x m m m b x x x x x x
x x
x x x x x x
x
b b y x A
x x
x x
x x x
f x
x
( )
2
. .)
2
1
lim lim
+
+
=+ = = =
x x
O
x x
f x m m
x
w
w
w
.
.
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( )
( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
lim lim lim
2
2 2
1 1( . .)
lim lim
2 2

+ + +
= = + =
+ +
+
= = = = +
+ + + +
x x x
x x
x x x x x x
b f x mx b x x x b
x x x
x x x x
b b y x AO
x x x x x x
( ) ( )
3 3
1 1
( ) : 0 0 1( . .); 0; 2( . .)
( 2) ( 2)
1 1
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 0; 2( . .) ( )( . . .)
( ( 2)) ( ( 2))
: 0 0
:
x x
f x si f x x v c x x v c f x
x x x x
f x si f x x x v c f x p p i
x x x x
+ +
= = = = = =
+ +

= = = = =
+ +
= =

(-, -2) l,r
x = -2 0
x = u 0
(u, ) + l,r
w
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( )
] [
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
( ) : ( , 3 3, )
: :
:
9 9
1
lim lim lim
9 9
lim lim lim
9 9
lim lim
50) 9
9
x x x
x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas Verticales
Oblicuas
f x
x x
f x m m m
x x x
b f x mx b x x x x
x x x x
x
b b
x x
f x x

+

+

= = = = =
= = + =
+
= =
+
=
( )
( )
2
2
2
9
0 ( . .)
2
9
1
lim lim
x x
x
y x AO
x x x
x
f x m m
x
+

= =
+
= + = =
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
2 2
2 3 2 3
9 9
9 0 ( . .)
lim lim lim
9
( ) : 0 0 0; 3 ( )
9 9
1 1
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 3 ( )
( 9) ( 9)
: 0 3
x x x
x x x x
b f x mx b x x b b y x AO
x x
x x
f x si f x x x Domf x
x x
f x si f x x Domf x
x x
Co

+
= = = = =
+
= = = = =

= = = =

= =
2
: 9 rtes entre la funcin y la asntota x x corte =


(-, -S) l,r
x = -S 0
x = S 0
(S, ) + l,r
w
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( )
] [
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2
( ) : ( , 2 2, )
51)
.
:
lim
4 2 2
2
lim lim
1
2 4 2 2 4 2
lim lim lim
li
4 2
m
x
x x
x x x
x
Domf x No tiene Asntotas Verticales
Asntotas Oblicuas
f x
f x
x x
x x
f x x x x x x x
x
f x x x
+
+ +
+
+
=+
+
= = =

+ = + =

=

( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
4 2 4 2
4 2
lim
4 2
x
x x x x
x
x x
+

+ + +

+ = =

+ +

( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
4 2
4 4 4 4 8 4
2 2 2( . )
lim lim lim
2
4 2 4 2 4 2
4 2 2 2( . .)
lim lim
2 4 4
( ) 1 : 0 0
2 4 4 4
x x x
x x
x x
x x x x
y x AO
x x x x x x
f x x x y AH
x x x x x
f x si f x
x x x
x x
+ + +
+ +
+

= = = = =

+ + + + + +

= = =

= = = =

( )
2 2 2 2
2 3 2 3
4 0 4 4 ; 2 ( . .)
4 4
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 2 ( )( . . .)
( 4) ( 4)
: 0 2
:
x x x x sol x f x vc
f x si f x x f x p pi
x x
= = = =

= = = =

= =
w
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(-, -2) l,r
x = -2 0
x = 2 4
(2, ) + l,r
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3 2
3 2
2
3 2
3
( ) :
: : ; :
4
0
lim lim lim
4
lim li
52
m
4
0
li
) 4
m lim
x x x
x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas Verticales oblicuas y mx b
f x
x
f x m m m
x x
b f x mx b x b
x
f x
m m
x
x
f x

+
= +

= = = = =
= =

=
= =
=
=
\
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
3 2
2 2
2 2
3 3
2 2
5 5
2 2
3 3
4
lim lim
2 2
( ) : 0 0 0( . .); 2( . .)
3 4 3 4
2( 12) 2( 12)
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 2 ( )( . . .)
9 4 9 4
: 0 2;
+ +
= =

= = = = =

+ +
= = = =

= =
x x
b f x mx b x b
x x
f x si f x x v c x v c f x
x x
x x
f x si f x x f x p p i
x x
Cortes con los ejes y x ( ) : Cortes entre la f x y la asntota
w
w
w
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(-, -2) + + l,U
x = -2 u Puntodeinflexin
(-2, u) + l,r
x = u = 1.S8 +Mximorelativo
(u, 2) l,r
x = 2 u Puntodeinflexin
(2, ) + l,U
( )
] [
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
2
( ) : ( , 0 1, )
: : :
lim
1
lim lim
lim lim li
5
m
i
3
m
)
l

+
+ +
+
+
= +
= +
= =

+ + +

+ = + =

+ +
+
+ +
=
x
x x
x x x
x
Domf x
Asntotas Verticales Oblicuas y mx b
f x
f x
x x
x x
x x x x x x
f x x x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x
f x
x
x
( )
( )
2
2
1 1
( . .)
lim
2 2
1
lim lim lim
+
+ + +
= = = +
+ +
= + = =
x
x x x
x
y x A O
x x x x
f x
x x
f x
x x
w
w
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.
.
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296
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2
1
2
2 2
lim lim lim
1 1
( . .)
lim lim
2 2
0, 0 1, 0
2 1 2 1
( ) : 0 0 ( ); 0; 1( .
2 2
+ + +
+ +

+

= = =

+

= = =
+ +

= = = = = =

x x x
x x
x x x x x x
f x x x x x
x x x
x x x x
y x AO
x x x x x x
Pasa por y
x x
f x si f x x Domf x x x v c
x x x x
( )
3 3
.)
1 1
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 1 ( )( . . .)
4 ( ( 1)) 4 ( ( 1))
: 0 0
:

= = = =

= =
f x
f x si f x x f x p pi
x x x x

(-, u) l,r
x = u 0
x = 1 0
(1, ) + l,r
w
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( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
4 16 20
( ) : 4 5 0 0 ; ( ) :
2
: : ; :
4 5
1
lim lim li
54) 4
m
4 5
lim lim li
5
x x x
x x x
Domf x x x x en f x para todo x Domf x
Asntotas Verticales Oblicuas y mx b
f x
x
f
x
f x
x x
f x x
x x x
x x x
+
+ +

+ = =
=
>
= +
+ +
=+ = =

+ = + + =

+
\ \
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
4 5 4 5
m
4 5
4 5 4 5 4
2 2( . .)
lim lim
2
4 5 4 5
4 5
1
lim lim lim
4 5 4 5
4 5
lim lim lim
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x x x
x x x
x x x x
y x AO
x x x x x x
f x
x x
f x
x x
x x x x x x
f x x x x x
x
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + + +
=
+ + +
+ + +
= = = = +
+ + + + + +
+
=+ = =
+ + +

= + =

( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 3 2 3
4 5
4 5 4 5 4
2 2( . .)
lim lim
2
4 5 4 5
2 2
( ) : 0 0 2( . .)
4 5 4 5
1 1
( ) : ( ) 0 0; ( )( . . .)
( 4 5) ( 4 5)

x x
x x
x x x x
y x AO
x x x x x x
x x
f x si f x x v c
x x x x
f x si f x f x p pi
x x x x
Cortes con los eje
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
= = = =
+ + + +

= = = =
+ +
= = =
+ +
: 0 5
:
s x y
= =

(-, 2) + l,U
x = 2 0 +Mnimorelativo
(1, ) + + l,U
w
w
w
.
.
c
o
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M
a
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m
a
t
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a
1
298
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1
2
2
2 2
2
2
( ): ( , 1) (1, )
: : 1; 1 1
lim lim
:
1
lim lim lim lim
1 1
lim l
55
im
)
1
1
+

+
+
+
=+ = =+ = =
= +
=+ = = =

+ =

=
x x
x x x x
x x
Domf x
Asntotas Verticales f x x f x x x
Oblicuas y mx b
f x
x x
f x
x
x x
x
f x x x
x
x
f x
x
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
4 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 3
2 2 2
1
lim
1
1 1
1
lim lim
1 1 1 1
0 ( . .)
lim lim lim
1 1 1
1 1
( ( ) )
lim
+
+ +
+ + +
+

= =
+

= =
+ +
+
= = = =
+ +
+
>
=
x
x x
x x x
x
x x x
x
x x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
y x AO
x x x x x x x x
x x x x
cuando x f x x
f x
( )
2
1
lim lim
1
( ) ( . .); ( ( ) )
+ +
+ = =
= >
x x
f x
x
x
x
como f x es par y x AO cuando x f x x
w
w
w
.
.
c
o
m
M
a
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m
a
t
i
c
a
1
299
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 3
3 3 3
2
2
3 3 3
2 2 2
2 2
3 3
2 2
2 2
5 5
2 2
2
2 1
2 1
2 2 2
2 1
1
1 1 1
( 2) ( 2)
( ) : 0 0 2; 2( . .); 0; 1 ( )
1 1
( 2) ( 2)
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 1 ( )
1 1

= = = =

= = = = = = =

+ +
= = = =

x
x x x
x x x
x x x x x
x
f x
x
x x x
x x x x
f x si f x x x v c x x Domf x
x x
x x
f x si f x x Domf x
x x
Cort : 0 0 ( )
:
= =
es con los ejes x y Domf x


(-, -2)
+ l,U
x = -2
2 +Mnimorelativo
(-2, -1)
+ + l,U
x = -1 3 A. I.
x = 1 3 A. I.
(1, 2)
+ l,U
x = 2
2 +Mnimorelativo
(2, )
+ + l,U
w
w
w
.
.
c
o
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M
a
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a
t
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c
a
1
300
( )
{ }
( )
3
2 2
3 3 3
2 2 2 2
2
3
2 2
3
3 4
( ) : 1 0
co
;
s
56) , ( , 2
2
( , 2 ) ( ) : ( , 2 ) ,
: : ;
:
1 1
( ) : 0 0 ( . .);
(1
)
) (1
1
)
n
Domf x x senx x x
para Domf x
Oblicuas
f
x
f x
senx
x si f x v c x
senx senx
+
= + = = =

= =

= = =
=
+
=
+ +
\
3
2 2
3
2 2 2 2 2
2
; ( )
cos cos
( ) : ( ) 0 0; ( . . .); ; ( )
(1 ) (1 )
: 0 ; 0 1
:
x Domf x
x x
f x si f x x p p i x x Domf x
senx senx
Cortes con los ejes y x x y
=
= = = = = =
+ +
= = = =

(-
3n
2
, -
n
2
)
l,r
x = -
n
2
3 3 3 A. I.
(-
n
2
,
n
2
) + l,U
x =
n
2
u Puntodeinflexin
(
n
2
,
3n
2
)
l,r
x =
3n
2

3 3 3 A. I.
(
3n
2
, 2n) + l,U
w
w
w
.
.
c
o
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M
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1
301
( )
{ }
( )
2
2 2
2
2 2
( ) : 2
: : 2; 2 :
57)
4
, : 0
4 4
( )
4
,

:
)
lim li
:
4
m
0
4

=

= =

<

= = = +
= =
\
x x
Domf x
seaplicaladefinicindevalo
x
f x
x
x x
si
x
x x
f x
r absoluto
x
f x
x
Parte
x x x
si
x
a m m
x
x
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 3 2 3
4
0; 0 0( . .)
lim
4
( 4) ( 4)
( ) : 0 0; 2; ( )
( 4) ( 4)
2 ( 12) 2 ( 12)
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 0;( . . .) 2 ( )
( 4) ( 4)
)
lim
= = = = =

+ +
= = = =

+ +
= = = = =

=
x
x
x
m b b y AH
x x
x x
f x si f x x Domf x
x x
x x x x
f x si f x x p pi x Domf x
x x
f x
Parte b m m
x
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
4
0; 0 0( . .)
lim lim
4
( 4) ( 4)
( ) : 0 0; 2; ( )
( 4) ( 4)

= = = = = =

+ +
= = = =

x x
x
x
x
m b b y AH
x x
x x
f x si f x x Domf x
x x
2 2
2 3 2 3
2 ( 12) 2 ( 12)
( ) : ( ) 0 0; 0; ( . . .) 2 ( )
( 4) ( 4)
: 0; 0
: (0, 0)
x x x x
x x
Cortes entre la funcin y la asntota P
+ +
= = = = =

= =

(-, -2) + + l,U
x = -2 3 3 3 A. I.
(-2, u) + l,U
x = u u +Mnimorelativo
(u,2) + + l,U
x = 2 3 3 3 A. I.
(2, ) + l,U
w
w
w
.
.
c
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302
( )
{ }
( ) : 1
: : 1; :
3
58)
1
( 3) ( 3)
, : 0
3
1 1
( )
( 3) ( 3) 1
, :
:
)
lim
0
1 1
+
=
+ +

+

= =

+
= = +
=
+

<

\
x
Domf x
seaplicaladefinicindevalor ab
x x
f x
x
x x x x
si
x x
x x
f x
soluto
Parte a
x x x x x
si
x x
m
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
3 3
( 3)
( 3)
1
1; 0 ( . .)
lim lim
1
( 2 3) ( 2 3)
( ) : 0 0; 1; 3( . .) 1; ( )
( 1) ( 1)
8 8
( ) : ( ) 0 0; ( . . .) 1 ( )
( 1) ( 1)

+
+
= = = = = =

= = = = = =

= = = =

x x
x x
f x
x x
x
m m b x b y x AO
x x x
x x x x
f x si f x x x vc x Domf x
x x
f x si f x p pi x Domf x
x x
Par
( )
( 3)
( 3)
1
) 1; 0 ( . .)
lim lim lim
1

+
+
= = = = = = =

x x x
x x
f x
x x
x
te b m m m b x b y x AO
x x x
w
w
w
.
.
c
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303
( )
2 2
2 2
3 3
( 2 3) ( 2 3)
( ) : 0 0; 1; 3( . .) 1; ( )
( 1) ( 1)
8 8
( ) : ( ) 0 0; ( . . .) 1 ( )
( 1) ( 1)
: 0; 0; 3

= = = = = =

= = = =

= = =
x x x x
f x si f x x x v c x Domf x
x x
f x si f x p p i x Domf x
x x
Cortes con los ejes y x x
( 3) ( 3)
: 0; 1
1 1
+ +
= = = =

x x x x
x x x x
x x

(-, -S) l
x = -S u Corteconeleje
(-S, -1) + l,r
x = -1 +Mximorelativo
(-1, 1) l,r
x = 1 3 3 3 A. I.
(1,S) + l,U
x = S +Mnimorelativo
(S, ) + + l,U
DMASOROJAS
FEBRERO2008

Análisis General y Gráficas de Funciones

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= si para todo nmero

Definicin (Lmites Infinitos) Decimos que el lim ( )

= si para todo nmero

Estas condiciones significan que cuando x , (o ambos), la distancia vertical entre el

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2. Si , debemos sustituir en las sucesivas derivadas hasta

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No existe cortes con los ejes ni con las Asntotas

INTERVALO (X) (X) (X) RESUMEN

INTERVALO (X) (X) (X) RESUMEN

INTERVALO (X) (X) (X) RESUMEN

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INTERVALO (X) (X) (X) RESUMEN

INTERVALO (X) (X) (X) RESUMEN

INTERVALO (X) (X) (X) RESUMEN

INTERVALO (X) (X) (X) RESUMEN

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INTERVALO (X) (X) (X) RESUMEN

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INTERVALO (X) (X) (X) RESUMEN

INTERVALO (X) (X) (X) RESUMEN

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] \ \ Domf x senx x k k Donf x k Donf x

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INTERVALO (X) (X) f(x) RESUMEN

INTERVALO (X) (X) f(x) RESUMEN

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INTERVALO (X) (X) f(x) RESUMEN

INTERVALO (X) (X) f(x) RESUMEN

INTERVALO (X) (X) f(x) RESUMEN

es con los ejes x y Domf x

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INTERVALO (X) (X) f(x) RESUMEN

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