Cosine Laws

Cosine Laws In mathematics, when we study about Triangles and the relationships between their sides and angles between these sides we use trigonometric Functions. Cosine function gives the Ratio of the length of side adjacent to an angle (also called as base) to the length of the hypotenuse. Mathematically, cos (theta) = adjacent / hypotenuse The Law of Cosines also called Cosine Law and it is very useful for determining the unknown parameters (sides and angles) of any triangle. According to law of cosine: a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos A,

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b2 = a2 + c2 2ac cos B, c2 = a2 + b2 2ab cos A, Solving these above equations we get, Cos A = (-a2 + b2 + c2 )/ 2bc Cos B = (a2 - b2 + c2 )/ 2ac Cos C = (a2 + b2 - c2 )/ 2ab If in the above figure we have given the measure of a = 13 and b = 20 with angle A = 660 we can find the length of side c using law of cosine formula. For that we can use the above stated cosine rule. c2 = a2 + b2 2ab cos A (as the law of cosine formula) Now substitute the value of side a and side b we have c2 = 13 + 20 -2* 20 * 13 * cos (66) c2 = 358 c = 358 c = 18.9 Let us take prove of this law: Considering the above triangle with sides a, b, c, where C is the measurement of the angle opposite the side of length c.

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Suppose the triangle is placed in coordinate system: a = (b cos C, b sin C) b = (a, 0), c = (0, 0), By the distance formula, we have: C = [(a b cos C)2 + (0 b sin C)2], => c2 = (a b cos C)2 + (0 b sin C)2, => c2 = a2 2abcosC + b2cos2C + + b2sin2C, => c2 = a2 + b2 2ab cos C.

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