Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
-
19 2007
' "
, , - , 91950
' , 0 2 - 6 7 5 3 1 4 8 :0 2 - 6 7 5 3 4 9 0 :
vkalkala@knesset.gov.il :
www.knesset.gov.il/economy
1 52
- :
"
:
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
:
"
"
, , ,"
'
" "
2 52
"
'
.1
.2
2.1
2.2
- :
2.3
2.4
'
.1
10
.1.1
10
.1.2 :
10
.1.3
12
.1.4
13
.2
15
.2.1
15
.2.2
16
.3
16
.3.1
16
.3.2
17
.3.3
19
.3.4
24
'
.1
27
.1.1
27
.1.2
27
.1.3
29
.1.4
33
.1.5
33
.1.6
34
3 52
.1.7
34
.2
35
.3
36
.4
3.1
90-
36
3.2
16-
36
3.3
" "
38
3.4
17-
38
39
'
.1
40
.2
42
.3
2.1
42
2.2
43
44
3.1
44
3.2
45
46
' :
' : )' (
':
)' (
' : )" (
' : ) (
':
)' (
':
' :
' :
':
) (2004
" :
4 52
29 2006 " -
.
22 2007 , 22- :
1 ,
.
. , .
. .
. ,
,
.
. .
,
.
"
.
-
.
5 52
-
' "
19 2007
17-
,
.
.
. , , ,16- ,
, .
. , 2006
,
.
17- ,
. " -
. 22- 2007
, " ,
.
. 18 2007
.
, '
, , ' ,
" , , ,"
, , .
, , ,
,
.
. ,
. , , ,
.
6 52
. ,
.
.
,
. ,
,
.
,
,
.
, .
. ,
' , " ,
' ,
, , " .
" ,
-
7 52
'
,
.2007
, ,
, , ,
, , ,
. ,
, .
, .
, .
.1
.
,
.
. ,
.
.
.
, ,
,
.
.
.
" " .
. ,
. ,
. ,
) " "(.
8 52
. ,
, ,
, .
. 80-
) -(,
. ,
, .
. ,
,
, , .
, .
.
. :
.1. :
,
) -(
. ; ,
-.
.2. :
,
. ,
.
.3. - : ,
.
,
.
.2
,
,
, .
) '(.
. ,
,
9 52
.
.
2.1
, , .
, :
.
, ,
.
,
. ,
,
- .
" .
' ,
, .
,
. :
;
, .
,
. .
) , .(1
.
,
,
, , ,
.
1 - .
10 52
. ,
.
. , )
, "( , .
.
" ),
, (
.
, .432 ,
,
. ,
.
.
, ,
, -
.
2.2
- :
- : -
,
. -
, ,
, .
: ) ,
, (
. ,10%-
.
,
" .
.
11 52
: ) (
. ,
, ,
".
, .
:
.
:
- ,
. , ,
- ,
.
2.3
, .
.
: ,
, .
- , .
)
.(OECD- ,
.
,
.
.
- . ,
, - .
: -
, .
. ,
, , .
, ,
.
12 52
.
; ;
-;
.
.
:
.
)
( . , ,
, .
2.4
. 2.1
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
.
13 52
'
.1
1.1
,
. , ,
, . ,-
,
. , ,
.
2005 23 ,
. , ,
) ( , , :95%-
) 30.1%( , ) ,(30.1% ) ,(17.1% - )9.5%
( ).(7.9%
) ( ,
. ,
2
:
.
) ( ;
.
, .
1.2 :
:
;
) (H
CR2 )( .
) CR3 CR5-(.
1997 : 1997
" ,
; 1997
, )
(.
2 , 22 ,
,2007 , : "
, , , , .2005
14 52
:1 HCR2-
CR2
H
0.215
0.62
CR2
) (
0.210
0.60
0.205
0.58
H
) (
0.200
0.56
0.195
0.190
0.54
0.185
0.52
0.180
0.175
0.50
12
/1
9
05 93
/1
9
10 94
/1
9
03 94
/1
9
08 95
/1
9
01 95
/1
9
06 96
/1
9
11 96
/1
9
04 96
/1
9
09 97
/1
99
02 7
/1
9
07 98
/1
9
12 98
/1
9
05 98
/1
9
10 99
/1
99
03 9
/2
0
08 00
/2
0
01 00
/2
0
06 01
/2
0
11 01
/2
0
04 01
/2
0
09 02
/2
0
02 02
/2
0
07 03
/2
0
12 03
/2
0
05 03
/2
0
10 04
/2
0
03 04
/2
0
08 05
/2
0
01 05
/2
00
6
- : 2003
H ,0.228 0.159 ) .(2
:2 ) (H - )(2003
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.228
0.2
0.159
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
,CR3 ,
-
100,000 ,
100,000-
CR3
.
76%
0.4
61%
1.6
15 52
,
.
.
,
, ,
. ,
) ( .
, " "
)
- (.
1.3
- . ,
. ,
) ( : ;
;
; - .
) ,(2
) .(3
, - ,
. , .
3.P-R ,3
.
:3 - )(2004-1993
3 .
. 1- .
16 52
1
0.9
0.8
0.68
0.7
0.57
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1.4
:
,
.
*"
,
,
.
17 52
) ( .
,-
, .
, ,
:
" ,
.
] [...
, ".
: ;
; - .
, , :
" , , 2007
, .
, - , 2007
".
,' , :
" ,
".
,
.
," ,
, ,
.
" ,
,
-
; - .
, , ".
:
" . ,
, , . , ,
.
.
, .
".
18 52
,' ,
:
" .80-
, ,
, ,
) ( . ,
. , ,
, ".
,' ,
:
" , , ,
.
, ."...
. "
- ) 9.5%( , , :
" . ,
.
. ".
:
" ,
".
" ) 7.9%( ,' - ,
:
" ,
, 700 . 200,000 ,
. , ,
.
"... ,
.
.
19 52
, ,
".
.2
, .
2.1
- ) , , ,
" "( , -
26.7%- 2004 42.5%- .2006
, :
:
, ;
: ,
.
- , ,
.
-:
, ;2005
,2003
.
2.2
:
" . ,
, .
- . , "-
"" ,
.
: .
, .
20 52
" 5:"II
. " "II .2009
,
.
.3
3.1
,
, , .,
-
- ,
, .
, :
" .
, , .
.
, ,
, ,
. .
".
,
,
.
.
- , ,
- .
.
.
3.2
.
,
.
. , -
5 - , 1974 - ,
. , " ."II
21 52
.10% ,
.
)
5% ( , , ,
, , , .
, ,
.
.
. -
6
:
, ) (2004 "
, ,
" . ,
"
" . ) (2003 .
.
2004 ) 30%(
. ,
. ,
. , .
, ,
.
)" ,(1996
.
,
. ,
.
, ".
.
, -
, . , , 2000 439
22 52
.1983 ,
) ( :
- .
, , ,
- , , )
(.
) 7,(OECD
. OECD-
- .
.
, 80- 8.
- ,
. ,
,
- .
. ,
, . , ,
,
, .
.
De Serres, Kobayakawa, Slon, Vartia, Regulation of financial systems and economical growth, OECD Economic
Department, Working Paper No. 506, February 2007.
8
OECD Committee on Competition Law and Policy, Enhancing the role of competition in the regulation of banks
September 1998.
23 52
, -
,
9
/ .
3.3
,' , :
"
,
.
".
.
, -
:
" - ; ;
;
;
, . ,
".
: ; ; ) (;
) Bundling (; ) ( .
.
3.3.1
: . ,
.
, .
, , ,
.
: .
;
OECD, Economic Policy Reform Going for Growth 2006, Chapter 5: Regulation of financial systems and
economic growth, 2006.
24 52
, .
. ,
.
" ,
. , .
: 2005
) ,(432
. , "
(1) :
; ) (2 ,
.
, ,
,
.
, .
, -
, .
3.3.2
: .
, .
: .
10
: ,
40-" ,
. ,
.
.3.3.3 ,
: (1) :
; ) (2 )
( ) ' .(1.2
, .
, .
:
.
Competition in Nordic Retail Banking, Report from the Nordic Competition Authorities, 1/2006
10
25 52
:
. ,
,
.
Bundling 3.3.4
: , " , ,
. , - ,
) ,
(.
: " "
.Bundling-
, . ,
, .
: . , "
.
- ; ,
11.
12
2001 " .
3.3.5
: ATM ,
.
, .
: ) (ATM
, . , 2004
,6,722 1,767 , ATM
,4,878 1,613) 13 .(6
: ,
.
)
( . , ATM-
- .
11 - ,
, .bundling-
12 , - , .2007
13 , , , ,2004 ' .
26 52
14
13- , )
( - .
) (
.
13
- .
) ( . -
ISSS .
.
.
NVB, Background paper on the Dutch Interbank Switch Support Service, May,2006; Ireland National
Consumer Agency, 32,000 Consumers Switch Bank.
14
27 52
3.3.6
.
7.8% , 12.6%- .
15
.
, ,
, - .
,
.
, .
- ,
, .
) ( .
, 432
. , ,
.
3.4
,
. .
3.4.1
2005 Citybank HSBC-
0.6% , ; 16
. , ,
24% : 22% , 18% , 5%10%-
17
, , , , , , , .
. ,
ABN Amro 53- , -
, - . .
European Commission, Sector Inquiry under Article 17 of Regulation 1/2003 on Retail banking, July
2006.
16 , , , ,2005 '.
OECD, Economic Policy Reform Going for Growth 2006, Chapter 5: Regulation of financial systems and
economic growth, 2006.
15
17
28 52
.
, ,
. , ,
, .
3.4.2
.
) ( . ,
42%36% ,
35% , 32% , 25% , 23% , 20%- .
,
.
".
3.4.3
,
) (.
, ,
.
3.4.4
,
. 1 .
1
18
.11.5%
;1995 ;2000
.2004
;15%
40% .
20%
18 ," , ) '(.
29 52
. .
.Bank of Ireland
, " , .
) ING ( 60%
" )
- , (.
"
.
:
" , , ,
. , ,
.
, , ,
.
700 ,
;
. .
. ,
, - ,
,
.
.
".
, .
.
.
,
.
30 52
31 52
'
.1
1.1
) (
) ( . , ,
, .
1.2
:
300- ) ,(400 230-
) 1-6 ; 7-10
(.
2 1993- 2007
1993
2007
:1 "
30
71
137%
:2 ,
17
42
147%
:3 ,
16
31
94%
:4
21
34
62%
:5- "
32
24
-25%
26
189%
125
228
82%
19
:6
1-6
:7
54
:8 , ,
11
:9
:10
19
314
19 92 .
32 52
. 1993
, .
125 .
) " 414 "(.
,82%- 2 . ,
,
) ( " . ,
.
" , ,
. ,
,
.
" :
' '
; .
.
, . ,
, ".
,
10 . ,
.
" , , 90% .
10 . 10 ,
, 10 . 25 10-
. , 300 ,
.
. , . ,
, ".
' , ,
, :
" 300
414 ,
. 300- . , - ,
.
. 300 .
. 20- ,30
".
33 52
" , , ,
:
" , ' :
' . .
,
.
. ,
' ' . ,
. .
: , ,
?
. ' ' , - ,
- 5 ,
. .
.
.
. - ,
. , ".
1.3
1.3.1
,
, , .
:
2002 ) 1.9%- ( ,
21
-.
3:
34 52
3 ) 2001-2007" , (
22
2001
2007
'
9.5
12
26%
'
39
55
41%
'
12.5
13.8
10%
38.8
43
11%
" )(
140
170
21%
/ " ) 10,000"(
0.75%
0.75%
0%
" ) , "(
0.5%
0.55%
10%
' ) (
0.33
0.36
9%
/ ) (
5.1
-2%
9.7%
23
3
. , . ,
' 26%- ' .41%- ,
)
( , .
, ) (
) ( . '.
,
) ( ,
.
)" ( " ,
. , ,
) '( , ) ' ( .
.
22 : 2001 .2007
23 , ) ""( .
35 52
1.3.2 -
4
, . -
Cap Gemini 19- , .
.
73%- .
,' , .
:4 ) , ,2006 (
327 350
300
259
250
200
150
113 116
100
76 78
73
69
68
60
53
50
51
45 48
45
42
40
33
33
30
23
12
'
: , 22 , .2006
' , .
1.3.3
4 - ,
, ,
" " . -
. ,
.
2006 10.73- " , 9.93-
" . 4 :
36 52
24
) " , (
2005
2006
49.5%
4.9
5.3
21.1%
2.1
2.3
15.0%
1.5
1.6
14.4%
1.4
1.5
100.0%
9.9
10.7
"
)
( 2006 7.6- " .
. , 5%
, 300-" 130-"
) 2- , 2.3
(.
: " ,
.2.65 ,
.
" " .
, .
-
" , , . ,
68%- ) (
40" ) .(5 "
:
" . ,-:
? .
. 91%- 20 .
40 . , .
, ? ' ' ,
' ' . 51% . 20 74% .
, , , , 40
.
24 , , .2005
37 52
.
, . , 68% ,
25
, 40".
:5
) (
10-0"
23%
23%
20-10"
17%
40%
30-20"
15%
55%
40-30"
13%
68%
1.4
)
" "( . ,
.
: ) (;
26
; ) (.
" , :
" - , .
, ".
1.5
.
, -
. ,
,
.
, .
.
25 .
26 " , " , 1 , .2004
38 52
1.6
, 5.
:5 ) (
27
1.7
, .,
. , ,
,ATM .
6 ATM
. .
ATM
ATM.
6 ) (2004
28
ATM
6,722
4,878
4,863
3,344
4,158
1,277
4,061
2,151
"
3,726
784
2,767
1,385
2,198
717
1,912
1,490
1,767
1,613
27 ,' , ) '(.
28 , , , ,2004 ' .
39 52
.2
, ,
.
) ( , :
?
7
)( , .
7 ) "(
29
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
14,170
15,156
17,219
17,262
18,461
19,987
21,511
22,416
2,066
2,311
4,636
7,284
5,999
4,958
3,953
3,111
2,104
12,845
12,583
9,978
12,462
15,029
17,558
19,305
7,000
7,734
8,145
8,405
8,608
9,280
9,993
10,733
19,104
20,579
20,728
18,383
21,070
24,309
27,551
30,038
9,121
10,153
10,998
11,008
10,827
11,410
12,646
14,911
37%
38%
39%
46%
41%
38%
36%
36%
15%
15%
27%
42%
48%
32%
18%
14%
48%
49%
53%
60%
51%
47%
46%
50%
11.3%
11.7%
5.8%
2.8%
8.4%
13.2%
15.5%
16.6%
:
.
, , 1999-2003
27.1%- , 14.7% 15.8% ," 20.5%- 30.
.
31
: , .
.
,
32
. , .
40 52
, ,
,
. .
' , :
" 40,000 12 " ,
33
300,000" , 25,000" 2.5 ".
" , , -
,
. :
" .-
.
, . : , .
.-
, 80 . ".
.3
3.1 90-
,
. 80- -
- :
; .
1993 , .
125- ,
. , , ,
, -
.
3.2 16-
90-
. , .
- .2001-2003
, .
16- .
,:
41 52
: 2003
. 2004 ) (
,
, .
: ,
. ) (
.
34:"
" ,
. , , ,
, .
.2004 ) (:
) (;
- ;
- .
.
' :
,1998 , ) ( ,
.
2004
,
.
- , .
'" : "
, 1.21-
" 1.28-" . ,
, .
, " ".
34" , , , ,
, , ) 2004 '(.
42 52
, .
18" ,
; ; )
(; '; .
1.21" .
,
.
. 2005 "
" , 1- 35.2005
. ,
, :
.1 1.21"; 10
" , 10".
.2 18" .
1.21" .
.3 .
3.4 17-
2006
, . ,
.
. 2006
) ( .
" " 36,
:
, ;
35 , , ,2004 ' : .
36 , 22 , ) 2007 '(.
43 52
" ) ( ;
.4
.
, , . ,
, - .
) '(.
" ," ,
. , )
( ,
. , , ," :
" .
.
, 42 , ."21
, " ,
" , . " :
" . .
.
, ".
44 52
'
.1
37 -
.
: ;
. ,
, .
:
: 149 Consumer Credit Act, 1995-
, . ,
.
:
; ; ;
; ;
38
. .
: Consumer Credit Act- .
: :
) , , ( . , ETA
37.
Irish Statue book, Consumer Credit Act, 1995.
38
45 52
- . -
- 3 8
39.
.
: 1992 .Banking Code- 2001
, ,
- . , ,
, ' .
" , .
, .
:
" .
"
,
. 8 , 16-
"
. - 15- 3-4
) 10-14"( . ,
.
: 1998 .
.
2001 ,
. , ,
' .
: 2003
1 . 36-
.
: ,2002 ,
.
6- .
, ,
" .
, Cap
Gemini ) .(4
Joseph J. Doyle, Joze A. Lopez, Marc A. Saidenberg, How Effective is Lifeline Banking in assisting the
Unbanked, Current Issues in Economics and Current Affairs, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol.
4/6, June 1998.
39
46 52
.2
2.1
- ,
, . ,
,
.
, .
, " , -
.
, " "
, -
,
) (.
, , ,
. ,
, 2.5% .
, 3.5% . ,
, 2001-2005 32%
, .
,
. , ,:
.
,- .
.
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
- :
47 52
2.2
. , ,
: 2000 2006
40
,32.9%- .10.4%-
.
, , "
," .1996-
, .
".
14 " , ' ) 36'(; '
) 1.21"(; ) 1.21"(.
"
. -
.
41
, ,
. ;
. ,
. , , ' ) 1.21"(
) 43"( .
.
,
.
,
. ,
.
.
40 , .
41 : ' ) 1"(; )1.21
"(; - ) 1.21"(; )5
"(; ; ) 0.125% ;($58.5
) 8" (; ) 300-410"(;
; ) 2"(;
) 0.25% , 20-90"(.
48 52
)(
, "
) .(325 ,
" .
" .
, - ' .,
.
,
. ,
,
. , )
- '(
, .
.3
3.1
:
, ,
" . , " )
.(2.2
-
.
, , ,
.
42.
, " "
. , ,
- ,
. -.
49 52
, - , .
" , ,
43
".
, ,
, .
3.2
) ( .
,
, , . ,
.
,
, .
44,
.
, ," ,1988-
- , .
.
43.
44 World Economic Forum- 2006-2007 ,
. .
50 52
,".1954-
) ( ,".1981-
) ( ,".1992-
) ( ) ( ,".1992-
,".1988-
) (,
") 2005- (.
,".1996-
414 .
415 .
432 .
,
28 , .2004
, ' .1-6
,
, , , ,
.2004
, , 2006 ,
, .2006
, , , .2005
, :
" , ,2005 , .
" , " 22 , .2007
" , , " , ,
, , .2002
, " , " ,
.2007
51 52
, ," " ,( )
.2006 ,
" , , ,
.2001 , ,"
," - " ,
.2007
,( )
.1996
.
European Commission, Interim Report Current accounts and related services, July
2006.
Competition in the Nordic Retail Banking, Report from the Nordic Competition
Authorities, 2006.
OECD, Economic Policy Reform Going for Growth 2006, Chapter 5 Regulation
of financial systems and economic growth, 2006.
Donze Steve, Bank Supervision Independence and the Health of Banking Systems
Evidence from OECD Countries, London School of Economics, May 2006.
NVB, Background paper on the Dutch Interbank Switch Support Service, May 2006.
52 52
.www.bankisrael.gov.il ,
.www.oecd.org ,
.epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int ,
.www1.cbs.gov.il ,