C# для начинающих

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C#
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2007
32.973.26-018.1
. .
C# - .: -, 2007. - 272 .
ISBN 5-91136-023-3

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Microsoft NET Framework.

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C#
Microsoft NET Framework Windows.
Windows
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Microsoft Visual
C# NET (2003) Microsoft Visual C# NET (2005),
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C#
-
. .
-
190068, .-, -, . 55,
, . 44
. (495) 333-82-11. ok@kudits.ru. http://books.kudits.ru
1.08.2007 .
70x90/16. . . .
. . . 19,89. 2000. 1428

117623, , . , . 10
. 659-23-27.
ISBN 5-91136-023-3
, -, 2007
. ., 2007
I.
C # .................................. 7
1.
C#................................. 7
1.1.
C #........................................................................................................... 7
1.2. Micorosft Visual C# NET (2003)
Windows.........................12
1.3.
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1.4. .
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1.5.
/..............................................................................32
1.6. ( )
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2.
C# ................................. 46
2.1.
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2.2.
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2.3. : ................................................ 55
2.4. : ........................... 60
3.
C# ............................. 65
3.1.
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3.2. C # .........................................69
3.3. .......................................................................... 74
3.4. C#...................................78
3.5. ...................................................... 81
4.
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4.1. char UNICODE-........... 87
4.2. char C #............................................................ 92
4.3. ...................................................... 99
4.4. C #..............................................................................104
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7.3. ........................................................ 177
7.4. - ................ 182
III.
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8.2.
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8.3.
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8.4. Windows-
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9.

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Microsoft Developer Studio NET (2003)
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//
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static double Aver( double x, double y, double z )
{
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static int MySum( int M, int N )i /*1*/
/*2*/
{
/*3*/
int i, Sum;
i = M; Sum = 0;
/*4* /
/* 5* /
/*6*/
while( i <= N )
/*7*/
{
Sum = Sum + i ;
/*8*/
/*9*/
i ++ ;
/*10*/
}
/*11*/
/*12*/
return Sum;
/*13*/
}
/*---------------------/*14*/
/*15*/
{
/*16*/
int i, N, Sum;
/*17*/
i = 137; N = 895;
/*18*/
/*19*/
Sum = MySum( i , N );
/*20*/
Sum = MySum( 5, 555 );
/*21*/
Sum = MySum( Sum, Sum + 1 ) ;
/*22*/
Sum = MySum ( N, N+3 ) + 4;
/*23*/
MySum( 11, 123 );
/*24*/
/*27*/
retuirn 0;
/*28*/
}
, ----------------------------------------
C#
21
, while,
1.3 / * 6 * /- / * 1 0 * /.

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s t a t i c i n t MySum( i n t M, i n t N )
{
i n t i , Sum;
fo r( i .= M, Sum = 0; i <= N; i ++
{
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/* !* /
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/*---File main.es
class main
----

{
int i, N, Sum;
i = 137; N = 895;
Sum = MyCalc.MySum( i, N );
Sum = MyCalc.MySum( 5, 555 );
C#
23
Sum = MyCalc.MySum( Sum, Sum + 1 );

Sum = MyCalc.MySum( N, N+3 ) + 4;
MyCalc.MySum( 11, 123 );
return 0;
}
}
class MyCalc
{
public static int MySum( int M, int N )

{
int i, Sum;
i = M; Sum = 0;
while( i <= N )
{
Sum = Sum + i;
i++;
}
return Sum;
}
}
1.3 MyCalc
MySum() p u b lic ,
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( - - 1.4):
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/*---File main.cs
class main
---- */

{
int i, N, Sum;
i = 137; N = 895;
Sum = MyCalc.MySum(i,
N );
Sum = MyCalc.MySum( 5, 555 );
Sum = MyCalc.MySum( Sum, Sum + 1 );
Sum = MyCalc.MySum(N,
N+3 ) + 4;
return 0;
}
}
File MyCalc.cs
/*---class MyCalc
---- */

{
int i, Sum;
i = M; Sum = 0;
while( i <= N )
{
Sum = Sum + i;
i++;
}
return Sum;
}
}
Project | Add New Item...

Microsoft Visual C# MyCalc.cs,
M yCalc (
MyCalc.cs). 1.5

C#
25
/ * ---- F i l e m a i n . c s -------* / / * -----F i l e M y C a l c .c s -------* /.

Mi
crosoft Visual C# (. . 1.8).
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4 Solution 'Pro)4' (1 project)

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My Calc, cs
Debug
Debug
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Tools
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F MySum(int M/nt M)
c l a s s MyCalc
{
publ i c s t atic
int MySum(
int M,
int N J
{
mt
i, Sum;
i = K;
Sura = 0;
w h i l e ( i <=* N )
{
S u m =* S u m + i;
i++;
}
r e t u r n Sum;
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,
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26
namespace.
,
,

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1.6.
File main.es
/*---using MyCalcClasses;
---- */
class main
{

{
int i, N, Sum;
i = 137; N = 895;
Sum = MyCalc.MySum(
Sum = MyCalc.MySum(
Sum = MyCalc.MySum(
Sum = MyCalc.MySum(
i,
N );
5,
555 );
Sum, Sum+
1 );
N,
N+3 )+ 4;
return 0;
}
}
/*---File MyCalc.cs
namespace MyCalcClasses
---- */
class MyCalc
{

{
int i, Sum;
i = M ; Sum = 0;
while( i <= N )
{
Sum = Sum + i;
i++;
}
return Sum;
}
}
}
C#
27
1.6 , MyCalc
M yC alcC lasses. M yC alcC lass
e s M y C alcC lasses .MyCalc,
MySum ( ) M y C alcC lasses .MyCalc . MySum (}.
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using MyCalcClasses;

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main.cs 1.6.
MyCalc
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/*---File MyCalc.cs ---- */
namespace MyCalcClassesOut
{
namespace MyCalcClassesInner
{
class MyCalc
{

{
int i, Sum;
i = M; Sum = 0;
while( i <= N )
{
Sum = Sum + i ;
i++;
}
return Sum;
}
}
}
}
28
main.cs ( ) MySum ()
MyCalcClassesOut .MyCalcClassesInner.MyCalc.MySum(),

using MyCalcClassesOut.MyCalcClassesInner;
MyCalc . MySum ().

,
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Microsoft NET Frame
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C#
29
New Project
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Project Types:
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j? lc ia s s Library
gjif] Windows Control Library
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A project fo r creating classes to use in other applications
jMyCalcClasses
Name:
E: \BOOKS\KUDITS\C#Book\T ests
Location:
Browse..
Project will be created at E:\BOOK5\KUDIT5\C#8ook\Tests\MyCalcClasses

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. 1.9.
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MyCalcClasses - Wrmsoft Visual C# JNET [ck^km] - [C lassic*]
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p u b lic C la s s l( )
>16
30
MyCalc public,
Build | Build Solution
MyCalcClasses. dll.
MyCalc
MyCalc.cs. Proj5
Empty Project main.cs :
/*---File main.es
using MyCalcClasses;
---- */
class main
{

{
int i = 137, N = 895, Sum;

Sum = MyCalc.MySum( i, N );
return 0;
}
}

:
:\BOOKS\KUDITS\C#Book\Tests\Proj5\main.cs(1): The type or
namespace name 'MyCalcClasses' could not be found (are you
missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
, M y C alcC lasses Proj5

.
:
References
Microsoft Visual C#
Add Reference..., (. . 1.11).
Browse...
MyCalcClasses.dll,
,
. 1.11. Proj5
M y C alcC lasses (. . 1.12).
Proj5 . ,
(reference)
MyCalcClasses.dll
( ),
C#
31
Microsoft Visual C#
.
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Microsoft Visual C#
,
.
C# tfem .
Console,
Microsoft NET Framework. Framework
Class Library, FCL.
. FCL
dll-,
\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework.
, FCL
Microsoft NET Framework.

Windows.
FCL Console,
( s t a t i c ) R e a d L in e O W r ite L in e O

.
Console
, s c a n f ()
p r i n t f () (. . 2 [1]).
1.1 x l , 2
,
r e s ,
. , C o n s o le S ystem .
1.7.
using System;
class main
{

{
C#
33
//
// :
Console.WriteLine( "Enter 3 numbers:" );
xl = Convert.ToDouble( Console.ReadLine() );
x2 = Convert.ToDouble( Console.ReadLine() );
x3 = Convert.ToDouble( Console.ReadLine() );
//
// :
res = ( xl + 2 + ) / 3;
Console.WriteLine( "Average value = {0}", res );
// :
Console.WriteLine( "Press Enter to exit" );
Console.ReadLine() ;
return 0;
}
}
1.7 , ,
,
, . 1.13 ,
Enter 3 numbers:
1,2 3 (
Enter).
.
Enter
, Press Enter to exit.

.
i
. 1.13.
34
1.7.
S ystem ,
using System;
/
Console . WriteLine ()
. ,
Console.WriteLine( "Enter 3 numbers:" );
( ,
, )
. Wri teLine ()
Console.WriteLine( "Average value = {0}", res );
, ,
res,
{placeholder), {0 }.
, (
W r i t e L i n eO) ,
,
WriteLineO. ,

double = 0, yl = 1, 2 = 2;
Console.WriteLine("First {2} Second {1} Third {0}", yO, yl, y2);
:
First 2 Second 1 Third 0
{2} 2,
( )
W ri t e L i n e () .
, WriteLineO
C o n s o le p r i n t f ()
(. . 1 [1]), ,
, %Lf, %d . ,
,
\ ,
.
C#
35
,
R eadL ine ( ) , ,
- s c a n f ( ) ,
.
() ,
d o u b le . , S y s
tem C o n v ert,
C# .

ToDouble () C o n v e rt (
)
( R eadL ine () C o n so le )
d o u b le.
x l.
Enter,
1.7
// :
Console.WriteLine( "Press Enter to exit" );
,
,
r e t u r n 0; Main ().
,
Console /. -,

( References )
, System (.
), . , , dll-
(header files),
,
# i n c l u d e
- C#
() .
,
Math
System. #,
36
_____________________________________________________________________ 1
,
2.4 . 2 [1] :
1.8.
using System;
class main
{

{
double , , , D, xl, x2 ;
Console.WriteLine( "Enter A, and C: " );
A = Convert.ToDouble( Console.ReadLine() )
- Convert.ToDouble( Console.ReadLine() )
= Convert.ToDouble( Console.ReadLine() )
D = B * B - 4 * A * C ;
if ( D >= 0
ScSc
A != 0 )
xl = ( -B + Math.Sqrt(D) )/(2*A);
x2 = ( -B - Math.Sqrt(D) )/(2*A);
Console.WriteLine( "xl = {0} x2 = {1}", xl, x2 );
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine( "Cant solve equation" );

}
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
1.8 , s q r t ()
, S q r t ()
Math.
C#
37

(. . 1.14), . 2.3 . 2 [1].
. 1.14.
C#
, [1]
2.17 . 2.
1.9.
using System;
class main
{

{
double a, b, eps, S;
Console.WriteLine( "Enter a, b and eps: " );
a
b
eps = Convert.ToDouble( Console.ReadLine() )
/*-- Testing a, b, eps: */
i f ( (b-a) <= 0 | | eps < 0 )

{
Console.WriteLine( "Bad input values" );

Console.ReadLine();
return -1;
}
S = TrapezSquare( a, b, eps );
Console.WriteLine( "\nFor a = {0}, b = {1}, eps = {2},"+
"S = {3}", a, b, eps, S );
38
______________________________________________________________________ 1
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
/ * --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * /
static double TrapezSquare( double a, double b, double eps )

{
double resl, res2;

int N;
N = 2;
resl = MyTrapezSquare( a, b, N ) ;
N= N * 2;
res2 = MyTrapezSquare( a, b, N );
while( Math.Abs( res2 - resl ) >= eps )
{
resl = res2;
N = N * 2;
res2 = MyTrapezSquare( a, b, N ) ;
}
return res2;
}
/ * -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* /
static double MyTrapezSquare( double a, double b, int N )

{
double x, h, SI, S2;

h = ( b - a ) / N;
51 = ( Math.Sin(a) + Math.Sin(b)
52 = 0;
) / 2;
for( x=a+h; x < b; x=x+h )

{
S2 = S2 + Math.Sin(x);
}
return h * ( SI + S2 );
}
}
,
, ,
C#
, (. . 2
[1]):
C#
39
printf( "\nFor = %Lf, b = %Lf,
" N = %d, S = %Lf",

a, b, N, S ) ;
:
Console.WriteLine( "\nFor = {0}, b = {1}, eps = {2},"+
"S = {3}", a, b, eps, S );
: #, ,
( , )
( "Some""Text" ,
"SomeText")
C#
string,
. 4. (
) .
, #,
1.9, - ,
, #.
. 1.15.
. 1.15

( 2.17 [1]) C#
1.9. ,
#.
40
[_____________________________________________________________________ 1
1.6. (
)
ref out
C#
,
, , ,
.
( /
),
.
1.10.
class main
{
/ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* /

{
int
double
iRes
dRes
xl = 1, x2 = 2, iRes;
yl = 1, y2 = 2, dRes;
= MyMin( xl, x2 );
= MyMin( yl, y2 );
return 0;
}
/ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * /
static int MyMin( int x, int )

{ return ( x < )? x : y; }
/ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * /
static double MyMin( double x, double )

{ return ( x < )? x : y; }
/ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * /
}
, {function overloading)
, ,
,
F in d (} , S o r t ( ) , Min () , , ,
.
1.10 ( )
- MyMin. -
41
C#
, - d o u b le .
, 1.10
C/C++ (. . 4.6 [2]),
#.
FCL
. ,
W r ite L in e () C o n s o le -
, ,
Microsoft Visual C#
.
F1,
(. . 1.16).
Q2 main.cs - [WriteLine Method]
X) File
| 4- *4
Solu... ?
View
Edit
a
tion Proj9' ( I p
P ro j9
oj References
rrvain.cs
Project
3@
Debug
f iS
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ms-he!p://MS.VSCC.2003/MS.M5DNQTR.2C -
G f1 ^
JJ.
"
M .
0 13 -NET Framework Class Library

Console.WriteLine Method [c *l
O v e r lo a d L is t
Writes the current line terminator to the standard output stream
Supported by the .NET Compact Framework.
p u b lic s ta tic vo id W rite L in e O ;
Writes the text representation of the specified Boolean value followed by the
current line terminator to the standard output stream.
___I 2J
o u b lic s ta tic vo id W rite L in e fb o o l):
J tf
Done
. 1.16.
. 1.16 ,
W ri t e L in e () {Overload List - ).
,
C#
, C#
(. . 2.6 [1]),
.
42
, , , MySwap (),
.
, , ,
, (
) , . 2.6
[1].
1.11.
using System;
class main
{
static int M = 1, N = 5;
/*
* /

{
MySwap();
Console.WriteLine( "M = {0} N = {1}, M, N );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
/ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* /
static void MySwap( )

{
int temp;
temp = M;
M = N;
N = temp;
}
/*
* /
1.11 N static
M ain () MySwap ( ) ,
. MySwap ( )
,
(. . 1.17).
,
, #, ,
.
C#
< E :\B O O K S \K U D IT S \O B . o k \T e s ts \P ro j6
43
J B J xJ
. 1.17.

(. . 6.5 [1]). C#
,
, . , ,
, .
1.12.
using System;
class main
{
public static unsafe int Main()

{
int M = 1, N = 5;
// M N:
MySwap( &, &N );

Console.WriteLine( "M = {0} N = {1}", M, N );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
/ * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* /
static unsafe void MySwap( int* pM, int* pN )

{
int temp;
temp = *pM;
*pM = *pN;
*pN = temp;
}
1.12 unsafe (,
), C#
,
(, &- ).
44
, -
, Project | Properties...
Property Pages, (
) Build Allow Unsafe
Code Blocks True (. . 1.18).
f*roj6 Proper Paês
onflgiSHon: |Acbve(Debug)
D Common Properties
3 Configuration Properties
t Build
Debugging
Advanced
*J
Configuration Manager ..
Batfonn: |Active(.NET)
Code G e n e ra tio n
Conditional Compilation Constant DEBUG; TRACE
Opt mize Code
False
Check for Arthmetic Overflow/Ur False
B IM IB E ffftd s P rf False
**' and V/ v ,ngs
Warning Level
Treat Warnings As Errors
Suppress Specific Warnings
Output
Output Path
bln\Debug\
XML Documentation File
Generate Debugging Informat on True
Registet for COM Irfcnop
False
Allow Unsafe Code Blocks
Enable use of the unsafe keyword (/unsafe)
OK
Cancel
Help
. 1.18.
, C# .
C#
C++ (. [2]).
C++ C# , .
,
, ,
, ,
, , ref.
C#
45
.
using System;
class main
{
public static int M a i n O
{
int M = 1, N = 5;
// M N :
MySwap( ref , ref N );
Console.WriteLine( "M = {0} N = {1}", M, N );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
static void MySwap( ref int M, ref int N >
{
int temp;
temp = M;
M = N;
N = temp;
}
>
r e f
MySwarp ( ),
, ,
C# .
2.
C#

2.1.

. 1 C# (wrappers)
.
,
,
[1],
#.
, C#
( )
, C o n so le,
W rite L in e () R eadL ine ()
, p r i n t f ( ) s c a n f ()
.
#,
, ,
,
,
. , C#
(
) ,
.

#,
() .
C# ,
,
, , , . . II
,
- .
.
MyComplex, d o u b le R, I L ength,
,
(
C#
47
, - .,
, [4]).
2.1.
class MyComplex
{
// Methods:
public void SetR(
{ R = x; Length =
public void Setl(
{ I = ; Length =
double x )
Math.Sqrt( R*R + 1*1 ); }
double )
public void Print( )

{ Console.WriteLine( "Complex number = {0}+{l}i"/ R, I ); }
static public void Sum(MyComplex zl,MyComplex z2,MyComplex z3)
{
z3.R = zl.R + z2.R; z3.I = zl.I + z2.I;

z3.Length = Math.Sqrt( z3.R * z3.R + z3.I * z3.I );
}
// Data
private
private
public
fields:
double R;
double I;
double Length;
MyComplex double
R, I Length, . Complex //Data fields.

,
( , ).
R
(, x + iy
, - ),
I - . Length
[4],

( SetR (),
Setl () Sum () 2.1).
R I private,
MyComplex.
48
Length , public.
C# private public , private.
: C++ (. [2]) C#
public/private (
), .
, C# ( friend
).
2.1
, C++,
C++ , , .
,
, ,
, ,
. - ,
.
( static)
-
MyComplex ( . .)
,
double.
Sum () 2.1.
. 1
(. 1.11), ,
,
,
, , .

.
, , 2.1
, Sum ()
.
, static
, SetR ( ) ,Setl ()
Print () 2.1.
, R, I Length.

( ).
C#
49
2.2.

,
, ,

, ,
.
, , ,

( ).
p l e x M a in ( ), , ,
MyComplex. ,
:
static public int Main( )
{
double
x
MyComplex rZ
=
=
0;
null;
/*1*/
/*2*/
,
( d o u b le )
( MyComplex).
double, /* 1 * /,
(
)
, d o u b le .
,
.
,
( ,
).

( ).

C#
.
C#
(
50
, ; - - ). ,
/ * 2 * / MyComplex ,
rZ,
MyComplex. , / * 2 * /
,
(
Intel IA-32, Pentium,
4 ) null (
#), CLR
. ,
CLR 0,
. n u l l -
n u l l ( ).
rZ (<object reference) MyComplex.
/* 2 * /
/* 1 * /.

MyComplex ( ,
)
new ( #)
. new

:
{
double
x
= 0;
MyComplex rZ = null;
rZ = new MyComplexO;
/*1*/
/*2*/
/*3*/
, MyComplex
rZ /* 3 * /
.
(
)
#:
MyComplex rZ
new MyClass();
-
,
2.1 Sum().
C#
51
: C++ (. [2,3]),
,
, , C#
: C# (
, C++),
, , .

C# ,
,
Empty Project - MyComplex.cs
main.cs.
MyComplex.cs MyComplex
2.1, using System.
main.cs m a in M ain (),
MyComplex :
2.2.
/*---File MyComplex.cs
using System;
---- */
class MyComplex
{
// Methods:
public void SetR(
{ R = x; Length =
public void Setl(
{ I = ; Length =
double x )
double )

{ Console.WriteLine( "Complex number = {0}+{l}i", R, I ); }
{
z3.R = zl.R + z2.R; z3.I = zl.I + z2.I;

z3.Length = Math.Sqrt( z3.R * z3.R + z3.I * z3.I );
}
// Data
private
private
public
fields:
double R;
double I;
double Length;
52
/*---File main.cs
using System;
---- */
class main
{
/*1*/
/* 2 * /
// Create
MyComplex
MyComplex
MyComplex
3 Complex objects:
zl = new MyComplex()
z2 = new MyComplex()
z3 = new MyComplex()
// Process "complex" numbers:

zl.SetR( 1 ); zl.Setl( 2 );
z2.SetR( 3 ); z2.Setl( 4 );
MyComplex.Sum( zl, z2, z3 )
z3.Print();
Console.WriteLine( "Length = {0}", z3.Length )
// Screen delay:
Console .ReadLine ().,
return 0;
/*3*/
/*4*/
/*5*/
/* f ' /
/*7*/
/*8*/
/*9*/
/* 1 0 * /
/* 1 1 * /
/* 1 2 * /
/*13*/
/*14*/
/*15*/
/*16*/
/*17*/
/*18*/
/*19*/
/* 2 0 * /
}
, / * 4 * / - / * 6 * /
MyComplex, z l, z2 z3.

( / * 9 * / - / * 1 0 * / /* 1 4 * / - / * 1 5 * / ) ,
L e n g th ( /* 1 5 * /).
Sum () ,
.
, , Main ()
( ) MyCom
p l e x .
( z l) SetR () S e t l ()
1 2, .
- 2 4, .
Sum () , z3
. P r i n t ( ) ,
L en g th .
C#
53
(. [4]),
4 + 6 i. 2.2 NET ,
(. . 2.1).
i E:\BOOKS\KUDITS\C#Book Te%U
Complex number e 4+6 i
Length * 7.21110255092798
hi
.....................................................
i
j
. 2.1.
,
. , Sum(),
,
( r e f ),
z3 .
Sum () , z3.
,
C# . ,
C++ , M ain ()
2.2, , ,
( ).
. , CLR
(managed heap),
CLR.
, (gar
bage collection).
: C++, new
delete, C#
, ( ) delete
.
, C++ C#
,
MyComplex zl = new MyComplex(); MyComplex z2 = new MyComplexO;
zl = z2; /*1*/
54
/ * 1 * / ,
( z l z2
,
CLR).
C++
new. - ,
(<default constructor). C++
,
( ) ,
.
, , #.
, C++,

. , ,
C++,
.
.
. MyComplex

( R I p r i v a t e )
(
)
( L en g th p u b lic ). (
Main () )
MyComplex.cs -
[4]
.
,
, . -,

.
. ,
- -
Sum ( ) .
, . MyCom
p l e x #,
. 2.4.
C#
55
, .
, ,
,
,
.
, M ain () -
#.
,
(, :
- ). ,
.
2.3. :
, ,
. ,
(<constructors), ,

new, 2.2.

(
void), ,
.

( ),
. ,
( ),
.
MyComplex 2.2 ,
:
2.3.
/*----- File MyComplex. cs
using System;
class MyComplex
{
// Constructors:
-----*/
56
public MyComplex( ){ R = I = Length =0; }

public MyComplex( double r, double i )
{ R = r; I = i; Length = Math.Sqrt( R*R + 1*1 ); }
// Methods:
public void SetR(
{ R = x; Length =
public void Setl(
{ I = ; Length =
double x )
double )

{
z3.R = zl.R + z2.R; z3.I = zl.I + z2.I;
z3.Length = Math.Sqrtf z3.R * z3.R + z3.I * z3.I );
}
// Data
private
private
public
fields:
double R;
double I;
double Length;
}
File main.cs
/*---using System;
---- */
class main
{
{
// Create
MyComplex
MyComplex
MyComplex
3 Complex objects:
zl = new MyComplex(1, 2 );
z2 = new MyComplex(3, 4 );
z3 = new MyComplex();
// Process "complex" numbers:

//zl.SetR ( 1 ),; zl.SetI( 2 );
//z2.SetR( 3 ); z2.SetI( 4 );
MyComplex.Sum( zl, z2, z3 );
z3.Print();
Console.WriteLine( "Length = {0}", z3.Length );
C#
57
// Screen delay:
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
}
, ,
z l z2
d o u b le ,

SetR () S e t l () ( 2.3
).
, ,
,
() MyComplex, ,
,
.
MyComplex ,
+ ( ).
SetR() Setl() ,

.

{copy constructor)- ,
, (,

):
public MyComplex( MyComplex z )
{ R = z.R; I = z .I ; Length = z.Length;
MyComplex ,

,
( MyComplex).
:
/*----- File main.cs
Using System;
class main
-----*/
{
58
{
MyComplex zl = new MyComplex( 1, 2 );
MyComplex z2 = new MyComplex( zl );
z 2 .Print();
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
/* 1 * /
/* 2 * /
/*3*/
/*4*/
/*5*/
/ *2 * /
z2 z l ( ,
MyComplex)
() (. . 2.2).
. 2.2.
.
, ,
( - ).
.
. -,
C# ( C++)
, -
,
:
class Test
{ public T e s t ()
{ x = 7; }
private int x = 6 ;
/*1 */
}
class main
{ static public int Main( )
{ Test obj = new Test();
C#
59
return 0;
}
=
/ * 1 * /.
(breakpoints) , . 2.3.
Projl - Microsoft Visu C# [break]
File
Edit
View
Project
Build
Debug
JnjxJ
Tools
Window
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ISolutionExplorer -Pro]10 x 1[^main

#Main()
s fs j! j !
class Test
4/1 SolutionPro]10(1project)
J { public Test()
Projl0
{ >
(o) References
jU S S S B S E B S B

}
class main
{ static public int Main( )
<5
{ Test obj new Test();
5JsoiutC)n... jjpRunnin.., j <1______ ___ 1
Ready
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______ 2 L
1
. 2.3.
, ,
T e s t
/* 1 * / ,
. ,

(
, ).
.
C# ( C++)
:
class Test
{ static T e s t ()
{ = 5; }
public Test(){ x = 7; }
private int x;
static private int y;
60
class main
{ static public int M a i n ( )
{ Test obj = new Test();
return 0;
}
}

( p r i v a t e p u b li c ) .
,
, .
.
CLR, ,
, NET- .
2.4. :
MyComplex,
Sum ()
, - +.
,

. -,
. -
-
operator .
( ) - .
- + MyComplex,
,
- :
static public MyComplex operator+ ( MyComplex , MyComplex rOp )
{
return new MyComplex( lOp.R + rOp.R, lOp.I + rOp.I );
}
MyComplex,
,
C#
61
,
, .

:
Z3 = zl + z2 ;
- o p e ra to r+ () z l z2,
- ,
z3. , z3 ,
z l z2.
, MyComplex
-
, . ,
() :
2.4.
/*---File MyComplex.es
using System;
class MyComplex
---- */
{
// Constructors:
public MyComplex( ){ R = I = Length = 0 ; }
{ R = z.R; I = z.I; Length = z.Length; }
// Methods:
public void SetR( double x )
{ R = x; Length = Math.Sqrt( R*R + 1*1 ); }
public void Setl( double )
{ I = ; Length = Math.Sqrt( R*R + 1*1 ); }
// Overloaded operator "+":
static public MyComplex operator+ (MyComplex , MyComplex rOp)
{ return new MyComplex( lOp.R + rOp.R, lOp.I + rOp.I ); }
62
// Data fields:
private double
R;
private double
I;
public double Length;
}
/*---File main.es
using System;
class main
---- */
{
{
MyComplex zl
= new MyComplex(1,
MyComplex z2
= new MyComplex(3,
MyComplex z3 = null;
2 );
4 );
z3 = zl + z2;
/*1*/
z3.Print();
Console.WriteLine( "Length = {0}", z3.Length );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
}
, M ain (),
z l z2, z3 MyCom
p le x , z l + z2
o p e r a t o r + () /* 1 * / 2.4.
2.4 ( Empty Project)
,
, . 2.1.
MyComplex
, +
- * (
) [4], Abs ( ) ,
() .
L en g th
,
- :
C#
63
2.5.
/*---File MyComplex.es
using System;
class MyComplex
---- */
{
// Constructors:
public MyComplex( ){ R = I = Length = 0 ; }
{ R = z.R; I = z.I; Length = z.Length; }
1 1 Methods:
public void SetR( double x )
{ R = x; Length = Math.Sqrt( R*R + 1*1 ); }
public void Setl( double )
{ I = ; Length = Math.Sqrt( R*R + 1*1 ); }
{ Console.WriteLine( "Complex number = {OJ+flJi", R, I ); }
static public double Abs ( MyComplex z )
{ return z.Length; }
// Overloaded operators:
static public MyComplex operator+ (MyComplex I0p,MyComplex rOp)
static public MyComplex operator-(MyComplex , MyComplex rOp)
{ return new MyComplex( lOp.R - rOp.R, lOp.I - rOp.I ); }
static public MyComplex operator*(MyComplex lOp,MyComplex rOp)
{
double Re = lOp.R * rOp.R - lOp.I * rOp.I;
double Im = lOp.R * rOp.I + lOp.I * rOp.R;
return new MyComplex( Re, Im );
}
1 1 Data fields:
private double R;
private double I;
public double Length;
}
File main.es
/*---using System;
class main
---- */
{
64
2
MyComplex zl
MyComplex z2
MyComplex z3
= new MyComplex( 1, 2 );
= new MyComplex( 3, 4 );
= null;
z3 = zl * z2 ;
z 3 .Print();
Console.WriteLine( "Abs value = {0}", MyComplex.Abs(z3) )
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
2.5, -
(. . 2.4)
MyComplex.
C V E:\BOOKS\KUDITS * Book Tests Pni|S\Un\D*bu
C o n p le x nu m b er = - 5 + 1 0 i
fibs v a l u e = 1 1 -1 8 0 3 3 9 8 8 7 4 9 8 9
- 1 * 1
1
zJ
h i
. 2.4.
, ( l + 2 i ) (3 + 4 i)
( - 5 + 1 0 i) .
, MyComplex .
, , . , -

P r i n t ():
z 3 .Print();
, WriteLineO
Console.
MyComplex,
.
, , ,
. , #,
C++ (. [3]), ,
( ) , [ ] new ( ,
) .
3.
C#

3.1.
,

,
. ,
,
. ,
,
. ,
, -,
, -,
.
.
.
, [1]
. ,
, ,
#. ,
- ( ) .
,
, , [1].
.
C#
: ;
. , , .
( ),
3.9 [1],
,
.
100%- , #:
66
_____________________________________________________________________ 3
3.1.
class main
{
{
int size=73, i, Max;
int[] Arr = {1,6,3,2,5,1,77,-18,99,16,45,12,-45,54,
567,-123,5,9,-4,67,-17,44,2,3,9,5,34,
11,-11,234,67,82,91,3,7,15,-32,-56,-77,
678, -987,456,-123,555,3,78,1,90,-4,37,
2,33,6,543,-88,37,66,-66,777,12,-45,567,
999,888,3,-765,34,89,-37,41,333,56,-987};
//size = sizeof( Arr )/ sizeof( int );
Max = Arr[0];
for( i = 1; i < size; i++ )
{
if( Arr[i] > Max )
Max = Arr[i];
}
return 0;
}
}
,
, 999,
. - ,
. - ,
s i z e o f C# ,
(, , unsafe . . 1.6), size,
, .
- ,
int, .
,
C# ( ) 3.1 .
[1] 3.10,
A r r A v e r ()
. 3.10 C#
:
C#
67
3.2.
class main
{
{
int size = 73; double Aver;
int[] Arr = {1,6,3,2,5,1,77,-18,99,16,45,12,-45,54,
567,-123,5,9,-4,67,-17,44,2,3,9,5,34,
11,-11,234,67,82,91,3,7,15,-32,-56,-77,
678, -987,456,-123,555,3,^8,1,90,-4,37,
2,33,6,543,-88,37,66,-66,777,12,-45,567,
999,888,3,-765,34,89,-37,41,333,56,-987};
//size = sizeof( Arr )/ sizeof( int );
/ * ---------------------------------------*/
Aver = ArrAver( Arr, Size );
/ * ---------------------------------------*/
return 0;
}
static public double ArrAver( int[] ar, int size )
{
int i;
double Sum = 0;
for( i = 0; i< size; i++ )
{
Sum = Sum + a r [i];
}
return Sum / size;
}
}

ArrAver ()
i n t ,
, .
, #. ,

( []) .
( )
.
. ,
.
68
,
. ,
(. . 6.2 [1]), C# - Array
System.
(
,
), ,
A rray.
, new, ,
.
, 3.1 3.2, (
) new ( ,
).
#.
,
.
,

( ).
L ength,
C# Array.
,
-
. 3.2:
3.3.
class main
{
{
double Aver;
int[] Arr = {1,6,3,2,5,1,77,-18,99,16,45,12,-45,54,
567,-123,5,9,-4,67,-17,44,2,3,9,5,34,
11,-11,234,67,82,91,3,7,15,-32,-56,-77,
678, -987,456,-123,555,3,78,1,9 0,-4,37,
2,33,6,543,-88,37,66,-66,777,12,-45,567,
999,888,3,-7 65,34,89,-37,41,333,56,-987};
C#
69
/ * -----------------------------------------*/
Aver = ArrAver( Arr );
/* ----------------------------------------- */
return 0;
}
static public double ArrAver( int[] ar )
{
int i, size = ar.Length; double Sum = 0;
for( i = 0; i < size; i++ )
{
Sum = Sum + a r [i];
}
return Sum / size;
}
}
A rrA v e r (), ar ,
a r . L en g th .
3.2. C#
, C#
new,
(
A rray , ):
int[] ar = null;
ar = new int[6 ];
,
n u l l ( ).
, 6 i n t .
6 () .
:
int[] ar = new int[6 ];
:
int[] ar = new int[6] {1,2,3,4,5,6};
70
int[] ar = new int[] {l/2/3/4/5/6};
C# ,
:
double[,] twodAr = new double[2,3];
. C/C++,

(. [2]), C# -
(
):
for( int i = 0; i < twodAr.GetLength( 0 ); ++i )
for( int j = 0; j < twodAr.GetLength( 1 ); ++j )
twodAr[i,j] = i + j ;
G etL en g th (), C# A rray ,

( ). ,
twodAr .G e tL e n g th (0)
, tw odA r. G etL en g th (1) - .
,
twodAr.Rank
, 2
. tw odA r. L e n g th
, 6 .

#,
, (
Random).
[1], 3.11:
3.4.
using System;
class main
/ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
{
// :
Random rand = new Random();
C#
71
// :
double[,] twodAr = new double[2,3];
//
// :
for( int i = 0; i < twodAr.GetLength( 0 ); ++i )
for( int j = 0; j < twodAr.GetLength( 1 ); ++j )
twodAr[i ,j] = rand.NextDouble();
// :
double Disp = ArrDisp( twodAr );

Console.WriteLine( "Disp = {0}", Disp );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
static double ArrAver( doublet,] ar )
{
double Sum = 0;
for( int i = 0; i < ar .GetLength( 0 ); ++i )
for( int j
= 0; j < ar.GetLength( 1 ); ++j
Sum = Sum
+ a r [i ,j];
return Sum / ( ar.Length );
}
/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------* /
static double ArrDisp( doublet,] ar )
{
double Aver, dSum = 0;
Aver = ArrAver( ar );
for( int i = 0; i < ar.GetLength( 0 ); ++i )
for( int j
= 0; j < ar.GetLength( 1 ); ++j
)
dSum = dSum + ( a r [i ,j] - Aver ) * ( a r [i ,j] - Aver );
return Math.Sqrt( dSum / ( ar.Length ) );
}
/ * --------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
}
N e x t D o u b l e () R a n d o m
0 1. 3.4
. . 3.1

,
.
. 3.1.
,
. ,
:
int[] ar = new i n t [ ];
for( int i = 0; i <= ar.Length; ++i) ar[i]++;
< <=.

.
, ,
,
. [1]
.
, C#
,
, . Microsoft NET Framework
CLR,
- ,
C# ( ,
C# Array, ).
CLR (exception)
(. . 3.2).
, Continue,
. Break,
(debug),
System.IndexOutOfRangeException,
.
C#
73
An unhandled exception of type System. IndexOutOfRangeException

occurred in Pro) 11. exe
Additional information: Index was outside the bounds of the array.
-J
Break
Continue
Help
. 3.2.
,
- . , ,
.
C#
-
,
(try-).
, #,
FCL NET- [5].
, , C#
( while for), foreach ,

( ):
int[] ar = new i n t [] {1,2,3,4,5,6};
foreach( int el in ar)
Console.WriteLine( "Element in ar = {0}", el );

(. . 3.3).
. 3.3.
74
, f o r e a c h .
: (foreach)
e l , int,
W r ite L in e (). .
,
(
).
3.3.
. 2 , C#
.
, :
MyComplex[] mcAr = new MyComplex[4];
M yC o m ple x - 2.5,
,
n u l l M yCom plex.
, Debug-
Microsoft Visual C#
F9 , (
F10), mcAr
Shift-F9 QuickWatch (. . 3.4).
j QuickWatch
Expression:
Recalculate |
|
Add Watch
Close
Help
Current value:
Name
E3 mcAr
[0]
[1]
[2]
. 3.4.
Value
{Length=4}
<undefined value >
<undefined value >
cundef ned value >
<undefined value >
Type
MyComplex[]
MyComplex
MyComplex
MyComplex
MyComplex
I 3
C#
75
. 3.4 , null undefined

value ( ,
).
, new
CLR (
) MyComplex:
mcAr[0] = new MyComplex( 1, 2 );
mcAr[l] = new MyComplex( 3, 4 );
0 1

MyComplex.
QuickWatch,
(. . 3.5).
Recalculate
Expression:
zl
Add Watch
Close
Help
Current value:
Name
1Value
R mcAr
[]
- [i]
[2]
[33
{Length=4}
{MyComplex}
{MyComplex}
<undefined va!ue>
<undefmed value >
I Type
MyComplex[]
MyComplex
MyComplex
MyComplex
MyComplex
. 3.5.
. 3.5 {MyComplex}
M yCom plex.
, ,
I , L e n g t h R
M yC o m ple x (. . 3.6).
. 3.6 R I [ 0 ]
, (.
2.5) M yC o m ple x new.
76
QuickWatch
Recalculate
Expression:
jm cA r[0]
Add Watch
Close
Help
Current value:
Type
Value
Name
System {MyComplex}
I
2.0
Length 2.23606797749979
1.0
'J
System Object
double
double
double
zi
. 3.6.
, ,
( MyComplex),
AverLen(),
:
3.5.
class main
{
{
MyComplex[ ] mcAr = new MyComplex[ 4 ] ;
m c A r[0 ]
m c A r [l]
m c A r[2 ]
m c A r[3 ]
=
=
=
=
new
new
new
new
MyComplex(
MyComplex(
MyComplex(
MyComplex(
1,
3,
5,
7,
2
4
6
8
);
);
);
);
/ * ------------------------------------------------ */
double averLen = AverLen( mcAr );
/ * -------------------------------------------------*/
return 0;
/ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
static public double AverLen( MyComplex[] mcAr )
C#
77
int i, size = mcAr.Length;

double Sum = 0;
for( i = 0; i < size; i++ )
{
Sum = Sum + meAr[i].Length;
}
return Sum / size;
}
}
3.5, .

i n t MyComplex,
(. . 3.7).
int[] LA = new int[2];
MyComplex[] mcAr =
new My omplex[2];
null
null
. 3.7.

(. . 3.8).
int[] LAr = newint[2]{l,2);
W&I
MyComplex[] mcAr =
new MyComplex[2]
{new MyComplex(l,2),new MyComplex(3,4)};
iAr

MyComplex
a?
l+2i 3+4i
mcAr
(" ")
. 3.8.
. 3.8 ,
( MyComplex),
78
,
.
3.4. C#
,
( ).
#.
:
3.6.
using System;
class Test
{
// Constructor:
public Test( int Num ){ data = new intfNum]; }
// Other methods:
public int GetElem( int i ){ return data[i]; }
public void SetElem( int i, int val ){ data[i] = val; }
public int[] GetInnerAr( ){ return data; }
// Data field:
private int[] data;
}
class main
{
{
Test obj = new Test(3);
// :
for( int i = 0; i < obj.GetInnerAr().Length; ++i )

obj.SetElem( 1,1*1);
/*1*/
// " ":
foreach( int el in obj.GetlnnerAr() )

Console.WriteLine( "Elem = {0}", el );
Console.ReadLine();
/*2*/
/*3*/
C#
79
return 0;
}
}
Test ,
.
. SetElem()
.
Get Inner Ar ()
data ( ).
,
, .
. 3.9 , ,

( / * ! * / 3.6).
VE:\BOOKS\KUDITS\r#book -*v ' 5 \ \
E le n = 0
E le n * 1
E le n 4
Bl
=1
JlU
. 3.9.
3.6
foreach ( / * 2 * / - / * 3 * / ) ,
,
GetlnnerAr () Test.
( ) ,
C# Array,
. C#
,
, ,
( .
. 2.3).
, , ,

, :
80
T e s t 3.6
:
public Test( Test ob ){ data = ob.data; }
, , :
Test obj = new Test(3); Test obj2 = new Test(obj);

,
T e s t, . .
Test obj = new Test(3);
Test obj2 = new Test(obj);
I
0
. 3.10.
o b j o b j 2 ,
data, ,
. 3.6,
o b j,
o b j 2,
, . 3.9.
, ,
Test ,
(shallow ). ,

:
public Test( Test ob )
{
int len = ob.GetInnerAr().Length;
data = new int[len];
for( int i = 0; i < len; ++i )
data[i] = ob.GetElem( i );
}
C#
81
( C++)
,
:
class Test2
{
// Constructor:
public Test( int Num ){ data = new int[Num]; }
// Other methods:
public int GetElem( int i ){ return data[i]; }
public void SetElem( int i, int val ){ data[i] = val; }
public int[] GetInnerAr( ){ return data; }
// Data field:
private int[] data;
// Static array:
static public int ARR [] = new int [] {1,2,3,4,5};
}

= (. . 2.3)
. , ,
. , ,
.
3.5.
#, , C#
, ,
. ? (. . 3.2),
, CLR
.
, C/C++,
,
C/C++.
#
? , :
C# A rra y ,
,
. ,
.
82
_____________________________________________________________________ 3
[1] ,
, ,
, (. 3.18 [1]). ,
C# ( ).
, Array
Sort (), :
3.7.
using System;
class main
{
{
double[] Ar = new double[50000];
for( int i - 0; i < Ar.Length; ++i )
A r [i] = rand.NextDouble();
/ * -----------------------*/
Array.Sort( Ar );
/ * -----------------------*/
foreach( double el in Ar )
Console.WriteLine( "El = {0}", el );
C o n so le. R eadL ine( ) ;

r e t u r n 0;
}
}
(
) , . ,
3.6, 50000
double. ,
( [1])
. -
, .
3.6 Empty Project, .

. , ,
, . 3.11.
C#
83
. 3.11.
. 3.11 , Sort ()
.
, ,
#, .
#,
(, Sort () int, dou
ble, ,
).
, ,
.
Array,
Binary Search ():
3.8.
using System;
class main
{
{
int[] Ar = new int[50000];
for( int i = 0; i < Ar.Length; ++i )
Ar[i] = rand.Next( 0, 10000 );
Array.Sort( Ar );
int ind = Array.BinarySearch( Ar, 5 );
3
if( ind >= 0 ) 1 1 success
Console.WriteLine( "El = {0} for index = {1}",
Ar[ind], ind );
else
// failure
Console.WriteLine( "No any 5s in the array" );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
3.8, C#
BinarySearch () Array (
System) ,
bsearch () (. . 9.2
[1]). BinarySearch ()
, ,
. , ,
Sort ().
, ,
(
N ex t () 0 10000),
3.8 .
, (
5), . 3.12.
. 3.12.
-
( ) , 5
( ),
3.8 , . 3.13.
Array ,
Sort () BinarySearch ( ) , ,
, ,
C#
85
. 3.13.
, ,
.
[1] (. 3.5).
:
3.9.
using System;
class main
{
{
double[] Ar = new double[5 ] ;
for( int i = 0; i < Ar.Length; ++i )
A r [i] = rand.NextDouble();
Console.WriteLine( "Before reverse: El = \t{0}", el );
/*
*/
Array.Reverse( Ar );
/*
*/
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine( "After reverse: El = \t{0}", el );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
86
R e v e r s e () -
. . 3.14
.
. 3.14.
. 3.14 , R e v e r s e ()
, ()
.
, , C#

, ( )
.
4.
C#

4.1. char UNICODE

,
char (. . 4.1 [1]). C#
char . char C#
UNICODE (2
, 1 ASCII/ANSI).
,
( ).
. , UNICODE
,
( )
.
#, ,
( ).
UNICODE-
,
,
:
4.1.
using System;
class main
{
{
char[] chAr = {'A', '\\ , ' ', ' '};
int[] iCode = new int[chAr.Length];
for( int i = 0; i < chAr.Length; ++i )
{
iCode[i] = (int)chAr[i];
Console.WriteLine( " {0} {1}",
chAr[i ] , iCode[i] );
}
88
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
}
chAr char [ ] - ''
'', '', .
C# , (. . 4.1
[1]) - (\ , \ t - . .),
.
chAr [ ]
int :
iCode[i] = (int)chAr[i];
WriteLine () chAr
, iCode [i ] -
.
4.1
UNICODE- (. . 4.1).
. 4.1.
. 4.1 , UNICODE-
65, - 92,
- 1060, - 1046.
, UNOCODE- , ,
, ASCII-.
\ \t:
C#
89
4.2.
using System;
class main
{
{
char x = '\n', = '\t';
int ix = (int)x, iy = (int)y;
Console.WriteLine( "Symbol \\n has code {0}", ix );
Console.WriteLine( "Symbol \\t has code {0}", iy );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
,
(. . 4.2).
E:\BIj OKS\KUDITV Cffbook \C J f \F ro| 1
yrobol h a s c o d e 1 0
C t/n b o l 4 t h a s c o d e 9
zl
. 4.2 , \
UNICODE- 10 ( ), \ t
9 ( , ASCII- - .
4.4 . 4.3 [1]).
, . . 4.1
, UNICODE- ( 1000),
:
4.3.
using System;
class main
90
{
char x = (char)1040;
Console.WriteLine( "UNICODE\t\tSymbol" );
Console.WriteLine( "------------------------------" );
for( int i =0; i < 66; ++i, ++x )
{
Console.WriteLine( "{0}\t\t{1}", x, 1040+i );
}
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
, ,
UNICODE-
(. . 4.3).
E:\BOOKS\KUDITS\C#8o. TesU .. Oebug
Symbol
UNICODE
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
.
. 4.3.
, #, C/C++, char
,
. 4.3
:
char = (char)1040;
,
1040:
char = '\u0410';
, , c h a r C#
C/C++ ,
91
C#
C har (
System).
#, ( - ,
Char, c l a s s ,
- s t r u c t ,
, ).
Char
, - ,
() , .
:
4.4.
using System;
class main
{
{
char xl = '\n', x2 = ' ', x3 = '7';
if( Char.IsWhiteSpace( xl ) )
Console.WriteLine( "\\n is whitespace" );
if( Char.IsLetter( x2 ) )
Console.WriteLine( " is letter" );
if( Char.IsNumber( x3 ) )
Console.WriteLine( "7 is number" );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
}
, IsW h ite S p a c e (), I s L e t t e r ( ) IsN um ber () (. . 4.4).
. 4.4.
92
, \
(whitespace), '' 7 , , ,
. I s L e t t e r O r D ig it (),
, .
4.2. char C#
char
( , UNICODE- ), char
,
( )
:
4.5.
using System;
class main
{
{
char[] myT = { '', 'p', ' ', ', 'e', ',
' ', 'M ', ', , '! } ;
Console.WriteLine( "Words in char-array" );
Console.WriteLine( "------------------- );
foreach( char el in myT )
Console.Write( "{0}", el );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
}
, myT char,
'', '', '', '', '', V , ' ' , '', '','!',
W rite () C o n so le
", !", . 4.5.
4.5 W rite ()
C o n so le, W r ite
L in e (), ,
", !"
( ).
C#
V: BOOKS\KUDITS\CfojukOU\Pil
93
2<J
D o rd s in c h a r-a p p a y
, !
J
. 4.5.
c h a r [ ]
, ,
,
:
4.6.
using System;
class main
{
{
char[] myT = { ' ', 'p , ' ', ' ', 'e ', ' ', ',',
' ' , 'M ', ' ' , * ' , '! ' };
Console.WriteLine( "Words in reverse symbol order" );
Console.WriteLine( "-------------------------- " );
/ * ----------------------------- */
Array.Reverse( myT );
/ * ----------------------------- */
foreach( char el in myT )
Console.Write( "{0}"# el );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
, , C#
Reverse ()
Array (. 3.9),
ReversePhrase () (.
4.6 [1]).
94
. 4.6 4.6.
| E:\BOOK5 KUDIT5 # ^ \ests

|'o i * d s in r e v e r s e sy m b o l o r d e r
1?
M
-|||
j
HI
. 4.6.
. 4.6 R e v e rse () ", !"

"! ".
,
(
c h a r ) . , ,
. ,
,
c h a r ,
. ,
,
, :
"Hello, world" "Something else"
.
C#

String, System. , C# -
String. #,
, .
, String ( )
string (, String).
, C#
c h a r [ ]:
char[] myT = { ' , ' ', '', '', ' ', ' ' };
string str = new string( myT );
C# s t r
String,
C#
95
new.
String ,
c h a r [ ].
, String
, C#
:
string str = new string( ); // error
.
C# ,
,
( C/C++
),
#.
(),
,
string str = "";
, new.
s t r - String
.
s t r ,
. , ,
string str;
, s t r i n g .

str = "";
( new) s t r
String (
"").
= C#
:
string str = "";
str = str + ", " + "" + "!";
, s t r ", !,
, String = +,
96
C# .
,
() +=:
string str = "";
str += ", " + "" + "!";
, ,
,
, , , ,

.
C# ,
,
,
. C#
-
, String
,
.
s t r (
UNICODE-)
s t r . L e n g t h . , , ,
:
4.7.
using System;
class main
{
{
string strl = "";
string str2 = new string( 3 , 2 );
strl += , " + str2;
int len = strl.Length;

for( int i = 0; i < len; ++i )
{
char ch = strl[i];
Console.WriteLine( " {0} {1
i / ch );
}
C#
97
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
strl
. 4.7.
. 4.7.
4.7 . ,
( []) ,
.
-, strl, . 4.7,
,
string str2 = new string( '3', 2 );
, (
) ( ).
, ,
String ,
. , , . 1.5
ReadLine () Console, ,
, ,
( Enter,
). :
4.8.
using System;
class main
98
{
string strl
string str2
string str3
= Console.ReadLine();
= Console.ReadLine();
= strl + '\n' + str2;
/*1*/
/*2*/
/*3*/
Console.WriteLine( str3 );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
}
. -,
C# ( / * 1 * / - / * 2 * /
4.8). -, ,
, ( / * 3 * /
).
-, 4.8 Write
Line () ,
s t r 3 .
. 4.8.
Jnfxl
. 4.8.
. 4.8,
"" Enter (
, s t r l ) ,
"Los Angeles". W r ite L in e ()
,
, \ ,
, s t r 3
. . 4.8.
C#
99
4.3.
,
C# ( ),
. , [1]
,
(. . 4.4 [1]). C#
,
. ,

string stl = "abc"; stl = " "; stl = "";
- ( -
):
string st2 = "abc"; st2 += "";

( ).
-
, .

W r ite L in e ():
Console.WriteLine( " "+
" " );
, C# ,
, . ,
:
, ,
.
,
, ,
,
, (,
, ).

.
,
.
100
I_____________________________________________________________________ 4

String .
: N ,
N , N ,
m- .
S u b s t r i n g ():
str.Substring( Startlndex, length );
S t a r t l n d e x -
, a l e n g t h - . :
4.9.
using System;
class main
{
{
string strl = "Moscow";
string str2 = null;
/ / 1.
str2 = strl.Substring( 0, 3 );
Console.WriteLine( str2 + '\n' );
// 2 .
str2 = strl.Substring( 1, 2 );
Console.WriteLine( str2 + '\n' );
// 3.
str2 = strl.Substring( strl.Length - 3, 3 );
Console.WriteLine( str2 );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
4.9 - s t r 2
(. . 4.9).
, . 4.9 , s t r 2
s t r l ,
, 1 (
"os"). , s t r l
C#
\ E:\BQQKS\KUt ITS
Mos
101
-vU'- I
os
ow
I U - -_____ ________________ J
zi
. 4.9.
strl.Substring( strl.Length - 3, 3 )
( "cow").

,
,
.
In d e x O f ():
ind = str.IndexOf( fragment, Startlndex );
f r a g m e n t s t r ,
S t a r t l n d e x ,
. ,
-1 .
In d e x O f () ,
, ?
:
4.10.
using System;
class main
{
{
string Text = "When you say \"yes\H, I say \"yes\" too";
string Frag = "yes"; string NewFrag = "no";
int lenOld = Frag.Length, lenNew = NewFrag.Length, ind;
Console.WriteLine( " : " + Text );
ind = Text.IndexOf( Frag, 0 );
while( ind >= 0 )
{
ind = Text.IndexOf( Frag, ind );
102
4
if( ind >= 0 )
{
Text = Text.Remove( ind, lenOld );
Text = Text.Insert( ind, NewFrag );
ind += lenNew;
}
}
Console.WriteLine( " : " + Text );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
}
4.10 "yes"
"When you say \"yes\", I say Y'yesV' too" (
V
, ) "".
. 4.10.
. 4.10.
. 4.10 , 4.10
. .
, :
Text = Text.Remove( ind, lenOld );
Text = Text.Insert( ind, NewFrag );
ind += lenNew;
: IndexOf ()
ind , Remove (),
Insert () NewFrag
ind .
, , RemoveQ InsertQ
,
C#
103
Text ( string),
( ).
, ,
In d ex O f (),
:
string Text = "Moscow"; char ch = 's'; int ind;
ind = Text.IndexOf( ch, 0 );
in d
2, 's' "Moscow" 2.
IndexOf () .
,

ToLower () () String
Text = Text.ToUpper(); Frag = Frag.ToUpper() ;
IndexOf ().
String
Microsoft Visual C# (. . 4.11).
91 P r o jl9 - Microsoft; Visual C # .NET [d e s ig n ] - [T rim M e th y l ()J
Fie
1:? xl
3
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a p
Edit
View
0 0 E
Project
Build
Debug
lools
Window
Help
-iH lxf
- if x
>NET F ram ew ork C/ass Library
String.Trim Method ( ) [c#]

R e m o v e s a ll o c c u rre n c e s o f w h ite space c h a ra c te rs fro m th e b e g in n in g and en d o f
this
th is in
in sstan
ta n cce.
e,
p u b lic
sr r in c r T rim < )
R e tu r n V a lu e
A new S trin g e q u iv a le n t to th is in s ta n c e a fte r w h ite space ch a ra cte rs a re re m o v e d

fro m th e b e g in n in g and e n d .
<J____________________________________ I
Ready
. 4.11.
, . 4.11
Trim () String, .
,
.
104
4.4. C#
,
#. ,
, ,
.
.
.
:
string[] strArr = null;
strArr = new string[3];
strArr[0] = "first";
strArr[1] = "second";
strArr[2] = "third";
:
string[] strArr = new string[3]{"first","second","third"};
s t r A r r [] ( C#
. 3) ,
- , Quick
Watch ( QuickWatch . . 3.3)
(. . 4.12).
jnjxj
| Recalculate |
Expression:
Add Watch
Close
Current value:
Name
strArr
[0 ]
[1 ]
[2 ]
[ Value
-{L e n g th s}
"first*
"second"
"third"
IType
string[]
string
string
string
U
J
. 4.12.
s t r A r r
:
C#
105
4.11.
using System;
class main
{
string[] strArr = new string[3]{"second", "first", "third"};
for( int i = 0; i < strArr.Length; ++i )
Console.WriteLine( strArr[i] );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
}

. 4.13.
. 4.13.

Sort () Array (. . 3.5)
Array.Sort( strArr );
(. . 4.14).
. 4.14.
106
4.11
s t r A r r .
f o r e a c h ,
, (-
) - ,
s t r A r r (
, . 4.13 4.14):
for( int i = 0; i < strArr.Length; ++i )
{
for( int j = 0; j < strArr[i].Length; ++j )
Console.Write( strArr[i][j] );
Console.WriteLine();
}
W r ite () (
s t r A r r [ i ] [ j ]) i-
, W r ite L in e O
( ).
,
4.11
foreach:
foreach( string el in strArr )
Console.WriteLine( el );
, , , , ,
.
f o r e a c h
,
(separators).
, , S p l i t (), ,
:
4.12.
using System;
class main
{
static public int Main(
{
string str = "second, first, third";
char[] sep = new char[3] {'. ', ', ', ' '};
C#
107
foreach( string s in str.Split( sep ) )

Console.WriteLine( s );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
4.12 S p l i t ()
S t r i n g "second, first, third"
("second", "first" "third"), f o r e a c h
.
4.5.
C#
double int.
, "7.3921"
double, "-12345" - int.
, ,
,
.
, . 1.5
double, ReadLine ()
Console, ,
. . 1.5
ReadLine () double ToDouble ()
Convert:

int, ( char):
int I
char ch
= Convert.ToInt32( Console.ReadLine() );
= Convert.ToChar( Console.ReadLine() );
, (
ReadLine ()) . , ,
Convert
. ,
, "4.567.67", ,
Convert
108
CLR ( CLR
. 3.2, . 3.2). ,

int
= Convert.ToInt32( "4.567.67" );

M icrosoft CLR D ebugger
| \
An unhandled exception of type 'System.FormatException' occurred in

Proj20.exe
Additional information: Input string was not in a correct format
J
Continue
Help
. 4.15.

,
(. [5]).

(
) ,
Convert.
Convert :
, ( )
. :
int I = 333; string st = Convert.ToString( I );
.
Convert ,
WriteLine () Con
sole,
(
). W r i t e L i n e O
, .
C#
109
,
Console StringBuilder
( System.Text), AppendFormat ()
, WriteLine () Console,
,
( ), ToString( )
.
, :
4.13.
using System;
using System.Text;
class main
{
{
double d = 3.456; int m = 33; string st;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
// WriteLine():
Console.WriteLine( "numl = {0}\nnum2 = {l}\n"/ m, d );
// st:
sb.AppendFormat( "numl = {0}\nnum2 = {l}\n", m, d );
st = sb.ToString();
Console.WriteLine( st );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
4.13
: , WriteLine ()
m d,
s t ,
AppendFormat () StringBuilder.
, WriteLine () ,
s t.
WriteLine () .
. 4.16 4.13.
110
E:\BOOKS\KUDlTS\C#^tk\TrMVPniÔ
nural ift
nup>2 =* 3 .4 5 6
1>< 1. .
n u n l 3 33
n u n 2 3 .4 5 6
_____________ ___________ J____________ 21

. 4.16.
. 4.16 ,
.
StringBuilder ,
.
, Replace ()
4.10 ( ):
string Text = "When you say \"yes\", I say \"yes\" too";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder( Text );
Console.WriteLine( sb.Replace( "yes", "no" ).ToString() );
() Replace ()
.
, , C#
Microsoft NET Framework
( ).
.
II
-
C#

5. #: , ,
,
5.1. C#

#,
. , C# ( -
C++) -
{properties).
C#
,
MyComplex,
(. 2.5 . 2.4).
, (
):
5.1.
class Trivial
{
// Methods:
public void Set( double x ){ X = x; }
public double Square( ){ return X * X; }
112
// Private data field:

private double X;
}
Trivial ,
Set () Square ()
, .
Trivial
:
double res;
Trivial ob = new Trivial();
ob .Set( 3 . 5 ) ;
res = ob.Square();
, , ,
( ) , , ,
,
- :
5.2.
ob.X = 3.5;
res = ob.X * ob.X;
Trivial 5.1
( ) -
X,
. 5.2 X
(),
ob Trivial.
,
.
(
)
- .
()
C++ ( - )
, (pub
lic) -

#: , , ,
113

(,
).
X Trivial
(. 5.1) ( private).
,
( 5.2)
( 5.1) . C++
,
. C#
, .
Trivial,
#:
5.3.
class Trivial
{
// Method:
public double Square( ){ return m_X * m_X; }
// Public property X:
public double
X
/*1*/
/* 2 * /
get
set
{return m_X;
{ m_X =value;
} //
} //
get-block: to get m_X value

set-block: to set m_x value
/*3*/
/*4 */
/*5*/
// Private data field:

private double m_X;
}
X (public) Trivial,
/ * 1 * / - / * 5 * / ,
(private) _ (
).
5.3
( double),
( public). (
) g e t - s e t - ,
g e t s e t . (
)
114
_____________________________________________________________________ 5
, .
Trivial get-
get_X (), set- - set_X ().
(
),
,
value #.
,
X - ,
5.2 . ,
,
ob.X = 3.5;
set_X (),
res = ob.X * ob.X;
get_X ().
, C#
, .
,
MyComplex,
(. 2.5 . 2.4):
5.4.
class MyComplex
{
// Constructors:
public MyComplex( ){ R = I = 0; }
public MyComplex( double r, double i ) { R = r ; I = i ;
public MyComplex( MyComplex z ){ R = z.R; I = z.I; }
// Methods:
static public double Abs( MyComplex z )
// Properties:
public double Length
{ get { return Math.Sqrt( R*R + 1*1 ); } }
#: , , ,
115
public double Re { get{ return R; } set{ R = value; } }

public double Im { get{ return I; } set{ I = value; } }
static public MyComplex operators-(MyComplex 1Op,MyComplex rOp)
static public MyComplex operator-(MyComplex 1Op,MyComplex rOp)
{
double Re = lOp.R * rOp.R - lOp.I
double Im = lOp.R * rOp.I + lOp.I
* rOp.I;
* rOp.R;
}
// Private data fields:
private double R;
private double I ;
}
MyComplex Length (. 2.5)
5.4 get (set- , , ), SetR()
Setl () Re Im, .

, :
MyComplex zl = new MyComplexO;
zl.Re = 1 ; zl.Im = 2 ;
#.
.
, Length.
,
( ). ,
FCL (
Microsoft NET Framework) ,
, ,
.
116
5.2. :

C# ,
,
:
5.5.
class MyTestl
public void Set( int x ){ Xl = x; }
private int XI;
class MyTest2
public void Set( int x ){ X2 = x; }
private int X2;
class main
{
MyTestl obi = new MyTestl();
MyTest2 ob2 = new MyTest2();
obi.Set( 1 ); ob2 .Set( 2 );
return 0 ;
}
}
5.5
() - MyTestl MyTest2. ,
.

UML (Unified Modelling Language). . 5.1 UML
5.5:
M y T e stl
M y T e s t2
- X I : int
- X 2 :in t
+ S e t ( x : i n t ) : void
+ S e t( x : i n t ) : void
. 5.1.
#: , , ,
117
. 5.1 , UML ()
,
, .
UML , -
.
UML
.
5.5 ,
:
5.6.
class MyTestl
{
private int XI;
}
class MyTest2
{
public
{ 2 =
public
{ 2 =
MyTest2( )
0; mtl = new MyTestl(); }
void Set( int x, int )
x; mtl.Set( ); }
// Private data:
private int
X 2;
private MyTestl mtl;
}
class main
{
{
MyTestl obi = new MyTestl();
obi.Set(1 ); ob2 .Set(2,3);
return 0 ;
}
MyTestl,
MyTest2 mtl . , MyTest2
MyTestl ( ). -
118
_____________________________________________________________________ 5
UML
:
M yTestl
-XI: int
MyTest2
- X2: int
- mtl: MyTestl
+Set( x : int, : int): void
+MyTest2()
+ Set( x : int): void
. 5.2.
:
. , UML- . 5.2 ,
MyTest2 MyTestl.
, UML
.
5.6, MyTest2
TnnaMyTestl, mtl. ,
MyTest2
, ( , )
MyTestl (
). (classes
aggregation).
UML
- ,
(. . 5.3).
M yTestl
-XI: int
+ S e t(x :in t): void
MyTest2
- X2: int
- mtl: MyTestl
+Set( x : int, : int): void
+MyTest2()___________
. 5.3.
. 5.3 , MyTest2 ,
MyTestl - .
,
.

(nested class):
#: , , ,
119
class MyTest2
{
public
{ X2 =
public
{ X2 =
MyTest2( )
0; mtl = new MyTestl(); }
void Set( int x, int )
x; mtl.Set( ); }
// Data field of primitive type:

private int X2;
// Nested type:
private class MyTestl
{
private int XI;
}
// Data field of nested type:
private MyTestl mtl;
}
class main
{
{
//MyTest2.MyTestl obi = new MyTest2.MyTestl();
ob2 .Set(2,3);
return 0 ;
/*1*/
}
}
MyTestl private
MyTest2, ,

( /* 1 * / ).

(),
. ,
,
"has " (
).
.
120
(
) "is " (
). C# (
C++) ,
.
, (
) MyBase:
class MyBase
{
public MyBase( int x ){ XI = x; }
public void Set( int x ){ XI = x; }
public void Print( ){ Console.WriteLine("Xl={0}",XI); }
private int XI;
}
, MyBase
,
.

:
class MyDerived : MyBase
{
public MyDerived ( int x, int ) : base( x )
{ X2 = y; }
public void Set( int x, int )
{ Set( x ); 2 = y; }
{ base.Print(); Console.WriteLine( "X2={0}",2); }
private int 2;
}
M yDerived
( MyBase).
M yDerived
MyBase. , M yDerived
,
XI, ,
2, .
,
( , ).
#: , , ,
121
, S e t () M yDerived
S e t () MyBase ( -
, ),
P r i n t ()

base. b a se
.
p r i v a t e XI

private protected:
class MyBase
{
public void Print( ){ Console.WriteLine("Xl={0}",XI); }
protected int XI;
}
{
{ X2 = y; }
public void Set( int x, int ){ XI = x; X2 = y; }
public void Print( ){Console.WriteLine( "X1={0} X2={1}"/X1/X2);}
private int X 2 ;
}
M yDerived XI
(
S e t () P r i n t () ), -
.
, MyBase MyDe
r i v e d ( ) :
5.7.
using System;
class MyBase
{
public MyBase( int x ){ Xl = x; }
public void Print( ){ Console.WriteLine(X 1 = {0}", Xl) ; }
protected int Xl;
122
}
{
{ X2 = y; }
public void Set( int x, int )( XI = x; X2 = y; }
public void Print( ){Console.WriteLine( "Xl={0}
X2={0}",X1,X2);}
private int X2;
}
class main
{
{
MyBase
obi = new MyBase(1);
MyDerived ob2 = new MyDerived(2,3);
obi.Set( 6 ); ob2.Set( 7, 8 );
obi.Print(); ob 2 .Print();
Console.ReadLine();
return
5.7
,
(. . 5.4).
cv fc\BOOKS\KUDITS\C#b<^l. s , , ,
si
XI =6
1= 7 2-8
<
. 5.4.
UML
(
, ) (. . 5.5).
M yB ase
. 5.5.
M yD erived
#: , , ,
23
. 5.5
(). ,
-
UML

. , ,

(. . 5.6).
MyBase
MyDerived
. 5.6.
,
UML
,
, .
,
,
. ,

(
), .
C#
:
MyBase ob2 = new MyDerived(2,3);
ob2.Set 7 );
new M yD erived(2 ,3 )
M yDerived, 2 MyBase,
.
ob2 . S e t (7) S e t ()
, . ,
7 ,
MyBase ( XI, . 5.7).
124
[_____________________________________________________________________ 5
5.3. :

#.
C# .
, 1,
,
2. ,
1 2, :
class 2
{
1 _1;
}
1 2
_1 1.
,
(),
( ).

.
,
,
.
, ,
,
,
, .
,
(
) :
class Basel { ... }
class Derivedl : Basel { ... }

,
( )
#: , , ,
125

( ) - MyBase MyDerived 5.7:
5.8.
using System;
class MyBase
{
public MyBaSe( int x ){ XI = x; }
public void Print( ){ Console.WriteLine("X1={0}",X1); }
protected int XI;
}
{
{ X2 = y; }
public void Set( int x, int ){ Xl = x; X2 = y; }
public void Print( ){Console.WriteLine( "X1={0} X2={0}"/X1/X2);}
private int X2;
}
class main
{
{
MyBase obi = new MyBase(1);
MyBase ob2 = new MyDerived(2,3);
GenericFunc( obi, 8 );
GenericFunc( ob2, 9 );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
static void GenericFunc( MyBase ob, int val )
{
ob.Set( val );
ob.Print();
}
}
( )
GenericFunc (),
MyBase.
126
,
(. 5.7),
GenericFunc () ,
5.8.
,
MyBase [ ],
GenericFunc () :
MyBase[] obAr = new MyBase[2]{new MyBase(1),new MyDerived(2,3)};
GenericFunc( obAr[0], 8 ) ;
GenericFunc( obAr[l], 9 );

. , 5.8

(. . 5.7).
<1
. 5.7.
. 5.7 , -

, .
, , ,
. ,
GenericFunc ()
MyDerived, , Print ()
,
(
. 5.7).
( ).
C# ( C++)
:
#: , , ,
127
class MyBase
{
public virtual void Print( ){Console.WriteLine("Xl={0}",XI) ;}
protected int XI;
}
(
{ X2 = y; }
public void Set( int x, int ){ XI = x; X2 = y; }
public override void Print( )
{ Console.WriteLine( "X1={0} X2={0}"fXlfX2); }
private int X2;
Print () (
)
, MyBase,
virtual.
, .
, ,
,
override.
5.8
MyBase MyDerived
, GenericFunc ()
(. . 5.8).
. 5.8.
. 5.8 , GenericFunc ()

Print ().
128
: C++ (. [3]),

virtual, , C#
override.

,
.

, - ,

.

.
5.8
M yBase M y D e r iv e d ,
P r i n t ( ) , G e
n e r i c F u n c () ,
. ,
5.8 S e t () ,
,
. G e n e r ic F u n c ()
S e t () .
G e n e r ic F u n c () ,
S e t ( ) ,

. C# is:
{
if( ob is MyDerived )
((MyDerived)ob).Set( val, val+1 );
else
ob.Set( val );
ob.Print();
}
G e n e r ic F u n c ()
ob is MyDerived
#: , , ,
129
t r u e , ob
. (M y D e r iv e d )
ob M y D e r iv e d
(MyDerived)ob
, M y D e r iv e d , S e t ( )

((MyDerived)ob).Set( val, val+1
, , ,
.
,

,
:
5.9.
using System;
class MyBase
{
public MyBase( int x ){ XI = x ; }
public void Set( int x ){ XI = x ; }
public virtual void Print( ){Console.WriteLine("X1={0}",X1);}
protected int XI;
}
(
public MyDerived ( int x , int ) : base( x )
{ X2 = y; }
public void Set( int x , int ){ XI = x ; X2 = y; }
{ Console.WriteLine( "X1={0} X2={0}",X1,X2); }
private int X 2 ;
}
class main
(
{
MyBase[] obAr = new MyBase[2] { new MyBase(1),
new MyDerived(2,3) };
GenericFunc( obAr[0], 8 );
130
GenericFunc( obAr[1], 9 );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
{
if( ob is MyDerived )
((MyDerived)ob).Set( val, val+1 );
else
ob.Set( val );
ob.Print();
}
}
5.9 . 5.9.
. 5.9.
. 5.9 , MyDerived
GenericFunc () Set ()
, (
9 10, ).
5.4. FCL.
MyComplex
, , FCL
(Framework Class Library). FCL
#, ,

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,
Windows-
.
#: , , ,
131

- ,
,
.
FCL,
.
FCL,
,
Object, System (- ,
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, ,
( Object)
. ,
C# .
, Array String,
C# (. . 3 . 4),
MyBase M y
Derived - Object,
UML- . 5.10.
. 5.10.

Microsoft Visual #,
Class View (. . 5.11).
. 5.11 ,
Set () Print (),
MyBase, ,
, ,
. -
Object.
132
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Class View - Proj22
Window
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class MyBase
{
Bases and Interfaces
^ Object
Equais(object object)
Equals(object)
^ FinalizeO
GetHashCodeQ
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p ubl i c M y B a s e ( i n z
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p r o t e c t e d int XI;
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{
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,

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, ,
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. 5.12 ,
ob MyBase,
.
,
MyBase, , MyBase Obj ect.
#: , , ,
133
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int val
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FCL O b je c t
Microsoft Visual C# (
Help | Contents... Help | Index... Help | Search...). ,
. 5.13 T o S tr i n g ().
I
P ro j22 - M icrosoft Visual C # NET [d e s ig n ] - [T o S trm g M ettiodJ
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S I J
fjtion Proj22' (1
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v Y .NETFramework Ciass Library
O b j e c t .T o S t r i n g M e t h o d
zl
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u s i n g S y ste m ;
p u b l i c c l a s s Sam ple
{
v o i d Method. ( )
_J
/ / P r in ts o u t:
'S y s te m .O b je c t"
O b je c t = new O b je c t ;
C o n s o le -W r ite L in e t o . T o S t r i n g ( ) ) ;
I
1
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134
. 5.13 ,
#, .
, O b je c t
T o S trin g () .
T o S trin g ()
O b je c t,
, W rite L in e ()
C onsole.
T o S trin g ()
MyComplex,
5.4.
(override) MyComplex T o S trin g () ,
,
(
, Obj e c t).
T o S trin g ()
S tr in g B u ild e r ,
S y ste m .T e x t, . 4.5 . 4:
public override string ToString( )
{
sb.AppendFormat( "Re = {0} Im = {l}\n, R, I );
return sb.ToString();
}
MyComplex
T o S trin g ( ) ,
P r i n t (). , ,
:
5.10.
using System;
using System.Text;
class MyComplex
{
// Constructors:
public MyComplex( ){ R = I = 0; }
public MyComplex( double r, double i ){ R = r; I = i; }
public MyComplex( MyComplex z ){ R = z.R; I = z .I; }
#: , , ,
135
// Methods:
public override string ToString( )
{
sb.AppendFormat( "Re = {0} Im = {l}\n", R, I );
return sb.ToString();
}
static public double Abs( MyComplex z )
// Properties:
public double Length
{ get { return Math.Sqrt( R*R + 1*1 ); } }
public double Re { get{ return R; } set{ R = value;
public double Im { get{ return I; } set{ I = value;
} }
} }
static public MyComplex operator+ (MyComplex lOp,MyComplex rOp)
static public MyComplex operator-(MyComplex lOp,MyComplex rOp)
{
double Re = lOp.R * rOp.R - lOp.I
double Im = lOp.R * rOp.I + lOp.I
}
// Private data fields:
private double R;
private double I;
}
class main
{
{
MyComplex z = new MyComplexO;
z .Re = 1 ; z .Im = 2 ;
Console.WriteLine("{0}", z );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
* rOp.I;
* rOp.R;
136
, ,
MyComplex Re Im,
ToString (),

, WriteLine () Console.
5.10 ,
(. . 5.14).
. 5.14.
Object, FCL,
, C#
object, .
Object

object,

. .
6.
. .

6.1.
,
C# .

.
(enumeration) ,
( class),
,
( ,
).
,
enum MyBooks
{
FirstBook,
SecondBook,
ThirdBook
M y
Books .FirstBook, MyBooks .SecondBook MyBooks .ThirdBook,
0, 1 2. ,
:
int = (int)SecondBook;
C#
, Object.
C#
:
6.1.
using System;
enum MyBooks
{
FirstBook,
SecondBook,
ThirdBook
138
}
class main
{
{
MyBooks mb = MyBooks.FirstBook;
Console.WriteLine( "{0}\n{l}"/ mb,
(int)mb );
mb = MyBooks.ThirdBook;
string str = mb.ToString( );
Console.WriteLine( "\n{0}", str );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
. 6.1.
. 6.1.
:
enum MyBooks
{
FirstBook = 50
SecondBook,
ThirdBook = FirstBook + 50
50
51
// 100
11
11
,
,
,
-,
switch ( switch C/C++,
cm
. [2 ]):
. .
139
using System;
enum MyBooks
{
FirstBook = 50,
SecondBook, //51
ThirdBook = FirstBook + 50 //100
}
class main
{
{
MyBooks mb = MyBooks.FirstBook;
TellAboutBooks( mb );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
private static void TellAboutBooks( MyBooks mb )
{
switch( mb )
{
case MyBooks.FirstBook:
Console.WriteLine( "The book is a FirstBook\n" );
break;
case MyBooks.SecondBook:
Console.WriteLine( "The book is a SecondBookXn" );
break;
case MyBooks.ThirdBook:
Console.WriteLine( "The book is a ThirdBookXn" );
break;
}
}
}
s w i tc h C# ,
b r e a k case- (
C/C++),
goto ( ).
g o to
s w i tc h c a s e :
switch( mb )
{
case MyBooks.FirstBook:
Console.WriteLine( "The book is a FirstBookXn" );
140
goto case MyBooks.SecondBook;

case MyBooks.SecondBook:
Console.WriteLine( "The book is a SecondBook\n" );
break;
}
s w i tc h g o to
d e f a u l t :
goto default;
d e f a u l t - s w i tc h ( ,
, ).
, C# s w i tc h
g o to C/C++
(., , [2]),
:
string str = "ABC";
if( str == "DEF" ) goto LABEL;
LABEL: str = "asdf";

LABEL. ,
( ) .
6.2. : , ,
. 3.5 , C# (
Array)
Sort (). , Sort ()
()
-.
( ),
? ,
, , Sort ()
Array - .
, (
),
, ,
. .
141

, ,
( ).

.
(Component Object Model)
,
, C++ (. [3]),

. ,
, ,
.
C# (
)
#.
C# ,
:
class interface.
.
( ) (
, ) .
/, :
interface IMylnterface
{
int Funl( int k);
int Fun2( );
}
,
.
, - ,
, , ,
( #)
public/protected/private.
: C#
, public virtual .
142
C# ,
( ,
) (
, ),
:
class MyClass : IMylnterface
{
// Funl() Fun2()
// MyClass:
public int Funl( int k ){ return k; }
public int Fun2( ){ return Get(); }
// MyClass:
public MyClass( ) { data = 777; }
private int Get( ) { return ( 2 + data ); }
// MyClass:
private int data;
}
Funl () Fun2 (),
IMylnterface, ( public)
MyClass.

6.3,
, :
6.2.
using System;
{
int Funl( int k);
int Fun2( );
}
{
// Funl() Fun2()
// MyClass:
public int Funl( int k ){ return k; }
public int Fun2( ){ return Get(); }
// MyClass:
. .
143
// MyClass:
private int data;
}
class main
{
{
MyClass ob = new MyClassO;
// Funl() Fun2()
// MyClass:
Console.WriteLine( "{0}", ob.Tunl( 5 ) );
Console.WriteLine( "{0}", ob.Fun2() );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
6.2 ,
F u n l () Fun2 () ob My
C la s s , .

: , :
6.3.
using System;
{
int Funl( int k);
int Fun2( );
}
{
//
/ / Fun2()
int IMylnterface.Funl(
int IMylnterface.Fun2(
MyClass Funl()
IMylnterfacel:
int k ){ return k; }
/*1*/
){ return Get(); }
/*2*/
// MyClass:
144
// MyClass:
private int data;
}
class main
{
{
MyClass ob = new MyClass();
// Funl()
//
Console.WriteLine( "{0}",
Console.WriteLine( "{0}",
Fun2()
IMylnterface:
((IMylnterface)ob).Funl( 5 ) )
((IMylnterface)ob) .Fun2() );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
}
/ * 1 * / /* 2 * / :
(
),
( ).
, MyClass Funl () Fun2 ()
, MyCla
ss .
6.3 ,
,
( IMylnterface,
, Funl () Fun2 () ).
, , :
IMylnterface rlnt = ob;
Console.WriteLine( "{0}", rInt.Funl( 5 ) );
/*3*/
/*4*/
( /* 3 * / ) ,
( /* 4 * /) ,
F u n l ().
,
( ) ,
/ * 3 * /
.
(
) a s:
. .
145
IMylnterface rlnt = ob as IMylnterface;

if( rlnt != null)
Console.WriteLine( "{0}", rlnt.FunK 5 ) )
, as, ,
,
null. , .
6.3. IComparable
,
, ,
Sort () Array ( #)
,
, -. - Sort ()
CompareTo (),
IComparable.
Array, IComparable
FCL System. ,
( FCL)
, Sort ()
Array,
FCL IComparable.
, ICompa
rable, FCL
()
CompareTo () (. . 6.2).
ProJ2 3 - M icrosoft Visual C# [<k*grt]
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02 .N ET Framework Class Ubrary
IC o m p a r a b le M e th o d s
The m ethods of the I C o m p a r a b le interface are listed h ere. For a com plete list
of I C o m p a r a b le interface m em bers, see the IC om parable Members topic.
P u b lic M e th o d s
^ C om p a reT o
.i L L j J
_ _ rr
Ready
. 6.2.
C o m p a re s the current instance with

another object of the sam e typ e.
Supported by the .NET C om p a ct

Fram ew ork.
zl
146
. 6.2 , Mi
crosoft Visual C#
IComparable. CompareTo
,
,
CompareTo (). (. . 6.3).
; Proj23 - M icrosoft V b u d C # .NET [ d e s n ] - [C om ôreTo M e th o d )
File
Edit
View
Project
Build
Debug
Tools
Window
deip
j n |x j
-fix
?x
l -W f T Framework C/ass Library
I C o m p a r a b le . C o m p a r e T o M e t h o d
S
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1) Refer j va lu e has th e se m e a n in g s :
) 'nain.c
V a lu e
M e a n in g
Less th a n zero
A il
\ G re a te r th a n
LiL
~ T
T h is in sta nce is less th a n obj.

This in sta nce is e q u al to obj.
Z e ro
zero
This in sta nce is g re a te r th a n obj.
Ready
. 6.3.

, .
( . 6.3):
, ,
- , ,
( ) .
IComparable, ,
MyBase . 5.3 (. 5.9).
6.4.
using System;
class MyBase : IComparable
{
// Interface IComparable method:
public int CompareTo( object ob )
{
if( Xl > ((MyBase)ob).Xl ) return 1;
. .
147
else i f ( XI == ((MyBase)ob).XI ) return 0;

else return -1 ;
}
public virtual void Print( ){Console.WriteLine("X1={0}",XI);}
protected int XI;
}
{
{ X2 = y; }
public void Set( int x, int ){ XI = ; X2 = y; }
{ Console.WriteLine( "X1={0} X2={0}",XI,X2); }
private int X2;
}
class main
{
{
MyBase[] obAr = new MyBase[3] { new MyBase(6 ),
new MyDerived(2,3),
new MyDerived(9,1)
};
// obAr:
Array.Sort( obAr );
// :
for( int i = 0; i < obAr.Length; ++i )
obAr[i].Print();
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
6.4. , object
C# j ect, CompareTo ()
, . , ,
, ,
,
148
CompareTo ()
ob ,
MyBase MyDerived, ?
,
obAr. 6.4
MyBase, IComparable,
MyDerived, IComparable
, ,
.
6.4,
(. . 6.4).
. 6.4.
, .6.4,
. - Sort ()
Array
MyBase MyDerived. -
XI.
,
CompareTo():
// " ":
{
if( XI > ((MyBase)ob).XI ) return -1;
else if( Xl == ((MyBase)ob).Xl ) return 0;
else return 1;
>
obAr (. . 6.5).
, ,
,

: ,
. .
c'x E BOOKS KUDXTS\Ci ^ t o k \ T r - > ? 1 Urn ttefMI

X I=9 X2 9
XI =6
XI =2 X22
149
JLOJx ]
HI
s i
__________ dJU J
<
. 6.5.
- ( ).
, .
6.4.

"MyBase - MyDerived
MyBase
IComparable. Sort ()
Array M y
Base [].
Com
pareTo () MyBase MyDerived
,
>, <, =- ! = (
C# . 2.4):
6.5.
using System;
class MyBase : IComparable
{
// Interface IComparable method:
{
if( Xl > ((MyBase)ob).Xl ) return 1;
else if( XI == ((MyBase)ob).Xl ) return 0;
else return -1;
// napaiw:
static public bool operator>( MyBase obi, MyBase ob2 )
{
int res = o b i .CompareTo( ob2 );
150
return ( res > 0 ) ? true : false;
}
static public bool operator<( MyBase obi, MyBase ob2 )
{
int res = obi.CompareTo( ob2 );
return ( res < 0 ) ? true : false;
}
static public bool operator==( MyBase obi, MyBase ob2 )
{
return ( res == 0 ) ? true : false;
}
static public bool operator!=( MyBase obi, MyBase ob2 )
{
return ( res != 0 ) ? true : false;
}
// :
public MyBase( int x ){ Xl = x; }
public void Set( int x ){ XI = x;
}
public virtual void Print( ){Console.WriteLine("X1 = {0}",XI);}
// :
protected int XI;
}
{
{ X2 = y; }
public void Set( int x, int ){XI = x; X2 = y; }
{ Console.WriteLine( MX1={0} X2={0}",X1,X2); }
private int X2;
}
class main
{
{
MyDerived obi = new MyDerived(2,3);
MyDerived ob2 = new MyDerived(2,1);
. .
151
// 1. ():
if( res > 0 )
Console.WriteLine( "obi ob2" );
else if( res == 0 )
Console.WriteLine( "obi ob2 " );
else
// 2. :
if( obi > ob2 )
else if( obi == ob2 )
Console.WriteLine( "obi ob2 " );
else
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
6.5 ,
,
CompareTo().
6.5 ( Main () main)

2 MyDerived
( CompareTo ()
), , ,
(. . 6.6).
. 6.6.
,
:
if( obi == ob2 )
152
, ,
o b i 2, ,
.

,
() ,
.
(
).

(. . 2.3).
C++,
.
. ,
C# , - ,
C# (
, , ).
FCL, , .

C lo n e () ( ).
C#
.
,
#,
, ,
FCL ICloneable.
I C lo n e a b le (
S ystem ) C lo n e ().
:
6.6.
using System;
class MyBase : ICloneable
{
// Interface ICloneable method:
public virtual object Clone( )
{ return new MyBase( XI ); }
. .
153
// :
public MyBase( int ){ Xl = ; }
public virtual void Print( ){Console.WriteLine("X1={0}",XI) ;}
// :
protected int Xl;
}
{
// Interface ICloneable method:
public override object Clone( )
{ return new MyDerived( Xl, X2 ); }
// :
{ X2 = y; }
public void Set( int x, int ){ Xl = x; X2 = y; }
{ Console.WriteLine( "Xl={0} X2={0}",Xl,X2); }
// :
private int X2;
}
class main
{
{
MyBase
MyDerived
obMBl = new MyBase(1),

obMB2;
obMDl = new MyDerived(2,3), obMD2;
// Cloning:
obMB2 = (MyBase)( obMBl.Clone() );
obMD2 = (MyDerived)( obMDl.Clone() );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}

MyBase M yDerived 1(),
IC lo n e a b le ,
virtual ( ,
- ),
154

o v e r r i d e .
,
, .
C lone () MyBase MyDerived" ,
(. . 5.3), 6.6
:
obMB2 = (MyBase)( obMBl.Clone() );
obMD2 = (MyDerived)( obMDl.Clone() );
C lone () o b j e c t (
O b je ct),
MyBase MyDerived, (,
,
. . 5.3).
, ,
(, , . . 2.3 . 3.4),
(
shallow ), (deep
) - .
6.5.
FCL
.
( C++
). ,
#,
.

C# ,
( ),

. ,
, ( ) ,
.

FCL A rra y L is t.
155
. .
, ,
S y s te m .C o lle c tio n s ,
using System . C o lle c ti o n s .
,
A rra y L is t:
6.7.
using System;
using System.Collections;
class main
{
{
// arL :
ArrayList arL = new ArrayList();
// arL :
a r L .Add ( 3 );
arL .A d d ( -5 ); .
a r L .Add( 8 );
// :
MyPrint( arL );
// :
// 1. -5 0.
// 2. .
arL.RemoveAt( 0 );
arL.Remove( -5 );
arL[0] = 77;
/*1*/
MyPrint( arL );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
static void MyPrint( ArrayList ar )
{
Console.WriteLine( "\nB " +
" {0 } .", ar.Count );
for( int i = 0 ; i < ar.Count; ++i )
Console.WriteLine( "{0}", a r [i] );
}
/*2*/
1 5 6 _____________________________________________________________________ 6
6.7 , - arL
ArrayList :
A rra y L ist
arL
= new
A r r a y L i s t ();
,
Add (). a r L . C o u n t
.

- ArrayList, ( /
* 2 * / 6.7), ( / * 1 * / 6.7).
Remove () RemoveAt () ,

, -
, .
. 6.7 6.7.
3 .
\ < 1 .
:
. 6.7.
, . 6.7,
6.7:
( ) ,
77.
( ,
) C#
, , CLR
,
. , ,

(, ) (
) IEnumerator (
. .
157
System.Collections), GetEnumerator ():

static void MyPrint( ArrayList ar )
{
System.Collections.IEnumerator enumer = ar.GetEnumerator();
" {0 } .", ar.Count );
whi le ( enumer.MoveNexjt () )
Console.WriteLine( "{0}", enumer.Current );
}
MyPrint () ,
enumer
IEnumerator. . ,
MoveNext () ( enumer)
, "
enumer.Current.

#, . 3 ,
.
,
, - '
.
,
ArrayList, :
6.8.
using System;
class main
{
{
// arL :
// arL :
arL.Add( "" );
arL.Add( "-" );
arL.Add( "" );
158
// :
arL.Sort();
// :
for( int i = 0; i < arL.Count; ++i )

Console.WriteLine( " {0}", arL[i] );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
6.8.
. 6.8.
E:\BOOKS\KUDITS\,c * b , , k K * i >
-_________________________ I
-In l
zi
. 6.8.
. 6.8 , Sort () ArrayList

.
AraryList
, ,
IComparable (. . 6.3).
,
, Add ()
object, , object
( ),

obj ect, :
6.9.
using System;
class main
{
. .
159
{
// arL :
// arL :
arL.Add( "" );
arL.Ad d ( 66 );
arL.Add( 'A' );
// :
//arL.Sort();
/*!*/
// :
for( int i = 0; i < arL.Count; ++i )
Console.WriteLine( "{0}", arL[i] );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
6.9 , arL ArrayList
Add () ", 66
''.

(. . 6.9).
. 6.9.
, , Sort ()
arL -
(
/ * 1 * / 6.9).
ArrayL
ist - ,
- (wrapper class),
.
160
- MyStrArList, :
6.10.
using System;
class MyStringArList : IEnumerable
{
// IEnumerator:
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator( )
{ return arList.GetEnumerator(); }
// MyStringArList:
public MyStringArList( ) { arList = new ArrayList(); }
public void Add( string str ) { arList.Add( str ); }
public void Remove( int i ) { arList.Remove( i); }
public void Sort( ){ arList.Sort(); }
// Count ( ):
public int Count
{ get { return arList.Count; } }
// - ArrayList:
private ArrayList arList;
}
class main
{
{
// strArL " ":
MyStringArList strArL = new MyStringArList();
// strArL :
strArL.Add( "" );
strArL.Add( "Los Angeles" );
//StrArL.Add( 'A' );
/*1*/
MylteratePrint( strArL );
// strArL:
StrArL.Sort();
MylteratePrint( strArL );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
. .
161
static void MylteratePrint( MyStringArList ar )
{
System.Collections.IEnumerator enumer = ar.GetEnumerator();
" {0} .", ar.Count );
w hile( enumer.MoveNext() )
Console.WriteLine( "{0}", enumer.Current );
}
}
MyStringArList Add ()
string, object, -
- (
/* 1 * / 6.10).
6.10 . 6.10.
. 6.10.
- MyStringArList Array
List , . 6.10
List, .
, - .

FCL ArrayList.
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Microsoft Visual #.
7.
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Windows,
, ,

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#, [1],
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f o p en ():
#include <stdio.h>
FILE* pf = fopen( "FileName", "rb" );
C#
FCL,
,
. , ,
, FileStream (
System.IO):
163
using System.10;
FileStream fs = new FileStream(
"FileName", FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read );
( ,
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FileStream, , ,
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FileMode FileAccess, Sys
tem. 1 0 )
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f c l o s e () :
fclose( pf );
Close () FileStream:
fs.Close();
, , C# ,
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164
CLR
. -
F i l e S t r e a m
ExistsQ File:
if( File.Exists( "FileName" ) )
{
...// FileStream
}
,
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Exists () File).
, ( FileMode.Create FileAccess .Write) ',
,
:
7.1.
using System.10;
class main
{
{
FileStream fs = new FileStream( "MyFileName", FileMode.Create,
FileAccess.Write );
fs.Close();
return 0 ;
}
}
7.1 MyFileName,
.
7.1 ,
, Microsoft Visual C# F5
(. . 1.2). ,
,
. 7.1.
165
____________
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Edit
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Favorites
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. 7.1.
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, . 7.1 () - . ,
MyFileName,
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( 8 ).
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. ,
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(, 512 ).
(
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166
_____________________________________________________________________ 7
7.2.
using System.10;
class main
{
{
FileStream fs = new FileStream( "MyFileName", FileMode.Create,
FileAccess.Write );
for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i )
fs.WriteByte( (byte)i );
fs.Close();
return 0 ;
}
}
7.2 ,

i i n t b y t e ( ).
7.2,
Debug MyFileName (. . 7.1, ),
Microsoft
Visual #.
-
Open Open File
Open with..., Open With (. . 7.2).
Open With - MyFileName
Select a program to open:
Source Code (Text) Editor (Default)
Source Code (Text) Editor With Encoding
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. 12.
167
. 7.2, Open With ()

Binary Editor Open.
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FileName (. . 7.3).
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'owj .
. 7.3.
. 7.3 , ,
, 0 (00
) FF (
255).
MyFileName,
7.2, -,
:
7.3.
using System;
using System.10;
class main
{
{
if( File.Exists( "MyFileName" ) )
168
{
F ile S tre a m
fs
= new F il e S t r e a m (
"M y F ile N a m e ", F i l e M o d e .Open,

F i l e A c c e s s .R e a d );
f o r ( i n t i = 0; i < 25 6; + + i )
C o n s o le .W r ite L in e ( "{0} b yte in the
i,
f s . R e a d B y t e ()
f ile
);
is
{I}",
f s . C l o s e ();
}
e lse
C o n so le .W rite L in e (
"N o
f ile
in
the
d isk "
);
C o n s o l e .R e a d L in e ();
r e t u r n 0;
}
}
,
MyFileName
, Exists ()
File .
MyFileName
7.3 ReadByte ()
FileStream.
7.3 ,
(. . 7.4).
i - 1
. 7.4.
. 7.3 . 7.4 MyFileName

.
169

,
7.2 7.3,
. ,
, FileMode.OpenOrCreate FileAc
cess .ReadWrite:
7.4.
using System;
using System.10;
class main
{
{
// , :
FileStream fs = new FileStream( "MyFileName",
FileMode.OpenOrCreate,
FileAccess.ReadWrite );
// () :
for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i )
fs.WriteByte( (byte)i );
/ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
//
// :
fs.Position = 0 ;
/ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
// 256 :
for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i )
Console.WriteLine( "{0} byte in the file is {1}",
i, fs.ReadByte() );
// :
fs.Close();
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
FileMode.OpenOrCreate FileAc
cess .ReadWrite (
) ,
( )
.
,
(
):
fs.Position = 0 ;
Position
FileStream. .

. , ,
, (
):
int = 0 ;
while( fs.Position != fs.Length )
{
Console.WriteLine( "{0} byte in the file is {1}",
k, fs.ReadByte() );
+ +k;
}
Length () .

, f s . Length.
.
7.2.
WriteByte () ReadByte () FileStream,
, /
int double.
BinaryWriter BinaryReader,
Write () ( ), Readlnt32 () ReadDou () .
Write(), Readlnt32() (
int) ReadDouble () ( dou
ble) :
171
7.5.
using System;
using System.10;
class main
{
{
int
int
m = 5; double d = 8 .8 8 ;
iRes =0;
double dRes = 0;
/*------------file writing ------------------- */

FileStream fsW = new FileStream( "MyFileName",
FileMode.Create,
FileAccess.Write );
BinaryWriter bw = new BinaryWriter( fsW );
bw.Write( m );
bw.Write( d );
bw.Close();
fsW.Close();
file reading --------------------*/
/*------------i f ( File.Exists( "MyFileName" ) )
{
FileStream fsR = new FileStream( "MyFileName",
FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read );
BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader( fsR );
iRes = br.Readlnt32();
dRes = br.ReadDouble();
br.Close();
fsR.Close();
}
Console.WriteLine( "iRes is {0}; dRes is {1}, iRes, dRes );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
7.5 MyFileName ,
f sW FileStream
. bw BinaryWriter:
172
Write () BinaryWriter
d.
Close ().
, .
MyFileName ( ,
, )
BinaryReader Readlnt32 () ReadDouble () iRes
dRes, :
iRes = br.Readlnt32();
dRes = br.ReadDouble();
, , iRes dRes
Write
Line () Console (. . 7.5).
. 7.5.
. 7.5 , MyFileName
,
.
7.5 ,
, :
7.6.
using System;
using System.10;
class main
{
{
i n t [] iArr - {5,6,7}; double[] dArr = {8.88,9.9,1};
in t [] iArrRes = new int[3];
double[] dArrRes = new double[3];
int i ;

/*-----------file writing ------------------ */
FileMode.Create,
FileAccess.Write );
for( i = 0 ;
bw.Write(
for( i = 0;
bw.Write(
i < iArr.Length; ++i )

iArr[i] );
i < dArr.Length; ++i )
dArr[i] );
bw.Close();
fsW.Close();
/*-----------file reading ------------------ */
if( File.Exists( "MyFileName" ) )
{
FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read );
for( i = 0; i < iArrRes.Length; ++i )
iArrRes[i] = br.Readlnt32();
for( i = 0; i < dArrRes.Length; ++i )
dArrRes[i] = b r .ReadDouble();
br.Close();
fsR.Close();
}
Console.WriteLine( "iArrRes[{0}] = {1}; " +
"dArrRes[{0}] = {2}",
i, iArrRes[i], dArrRes[i] );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
7.6 iArr dArr, :
int [] iArr = {5,6,7},* doublet] dArr = {8.88,9.9,1};
MyFileName:
173
174
for( i = 0;
bw.Write(
for( i = 0;
bw.Write(
i < iArr.Length; ++i )

iArr[i] );
i < dArr.Length; ++i )
dArr[i] );

MyFileName - iArrRes
dArrRes:
iArrRes[i] = b r .Readlnt32();
for( i = 0; i < dArrRes.Length; ++i )
dArrRes[i] = br.ReadDouble();
,
iArrRes dArrRes: 7.6 iArr dArr,
MyFileName,
iArrRes dArrRes, MyFileName ,
. - ,
-, 7.6
( - ),
,
.
MyFileName 7.6
. 7.6.
. 7.6.
. 7.6 , ,
.
7.5 7.6
. , ,
, .
, ?
175

,
i n t d o u b le :
7.7.
using System;
using System.10;
class main
{
{
int[] iArr = {5,6,7};
doublet] iArrRes = new double[8 ];
int i;
file writing ------------------- */
/*-----------FileStream fsW = new FileStream( "MyFileName",
FileMode.Create,
FileAccess.Write );
for( i = 0; i < iArr.Length; ++i )
bw.Write( iArr[i] );
bw.Close();
fsW.Close();
file reading ------------------- */
/*-----------if( File.Exists( "MyFileName" ) )
{
FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read );
i = 0;
while( br.PeekChar() != -1 && i < 8 )
{
iArrRes[i] = b r .Readlnt32();
i++;
}
br.Close();
fsR.Close();
}
176

Console.WriteLine( "iArrRes[{0}] = {1}",
i , iArrRes[i ] ) ;
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
}
MyFileName
iA r r i n t .
.
- , ,
( ). ,
R e a d ln t3 2 () ,
PeekC har ():
w h ile( b r .PeekChar() != -1 && i < 8 )
{
iArrRes[i] = br.Readlnt32();
i+ + ;
PeekC har () -1 , My
FileName ,
R ea d ln t3 2 ().
PeekChar () -1,
( - i < 8,
iA rrR es).
7.7 . 7.7.
. 7.7.
177
. 7.7 , iA rrR e s ,
, MyFileName
.
,
, P eekC har (), .
7.3.

, ( ,
) (
), , , ,

( ).

StreamWriter StreamReader (
BinaryWriter BinaryReader).
.
Write () ReadLine ()
StreamWriter StreamReader:
7.8.
using System;
using System.10;
class main
{
{
string strl = "Hello\n", str2 = ", world! \n";
string Strl, Str2;
file writing ------------------ */
/*-----------FileStream fsW = new FileStream( "MyFileName",
FileMode.Create,
FileAccess.Write );
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter( fsW );
sw.Write( strl );
sw.Write( str2 );
sw.Close() ;
fsW.Close();
178
file reading
FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read );
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader( fsR );
Strl = sr.ReadLine();
Str2 = sr.ReadLine();
sr.Close() ;
fsR. Close();
Console.WriteLine( "Strl = {0}\nStr2 = {l}\n";
Strl, Str2 );
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
7.8 ,
,
.
( #) s t r l s t r 2
\ (. . 4.1):
string strl = "Hello\n", str2 = ", world!\n";

7.8 C# - Strl Str2
(. . 7.8).
. 7.8.
\
s t r l s t r 2
string strl = "Hello", str2 = ", world!";
MyFileName
179
S t r l S tr 2
(. . 7.9).
' fc\B O O K S \K iro iT S \C # d u o k \T ests^l*rojT<
S t r l H e l l o , w o rld !
S tr2 *
. 7.9.
, ReadLine ()
\ .
\ ,
.

. ,
,
.
, "Note
pad" ("" Windows)
MyTextFile (. . 7.10).
M yT extF ile - N otepad
-in i x|
File Edit Format View Help

MOSCOW
Los A n g e le s
M a d r id
. 7.10.

MyFileName :
180
7.9.
using System;
using System.10;
class main
{
{
string Str;
/*-----------file reading ------------------ */
if( File.Exists( "MyTextFile" ) )
{
FileStream fsR = new FileStream( "MyTextFile",
FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read );
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader( fsR ) ;
while( ( Str = sr.ReadLine() ) != null )
Console.WriteLine( "Str = {0}", Str );
sr.Close();
fsR.Close();
}
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
}
}
7.9, ,
, . 7.11.
. 7.11.
. 7.11 . 7.10, , 7.9

ReadLine () Notepad (
) MyTextFile .
181
-
ReadLineQ null,
Console.WriteLine( "Str = {0}", Str );
,
MyTextFile.
\ .

( [2]), , ,
Notepad - \ \
( ).
,
W r ite (),
( -
), WriteLineO.
.

, 7.8,

Microsoft NET Framework,
:
7.10.
using System;
using System.10;
class main
{
{
string strl = "Hello", str2 = ", !";
string Strl, Str2;
/*-----------file writing ------------------ */
FileMode.Create,
FileAccess.Write );
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter( fsW );
sw.WriteLine( strl );
sw.WriteLine( str2 );
sw.Close();
fsW.Close();
182
/*-----------file reading -------------------*/

Fi1eMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read );
sr.Close();
fsR.Close();
Console.WriteLine( "Strl = (0}\nStr2 =
Console.ReadLine();
return 0 ;
{ l } \ n ,
Strl, Str2 );
}
}
7.10 . 7.12.
E:\BOOKS\KUDITS CWu)k Test> > .|>-14: U > I
S t r l H e llo
S t *2 ?
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2)
. 7.12.
. 7.12 , 7.10
,
\ ( W r ite L in e ()
).
7.4. -
- ,
. ,

Notepad ().

:
(
) , . 7.13. ,
Telephons.txt.
T e M w m tx t - W e p i J
File dit Format View Help
1234567
1234568
123684 5
3214 567
5555555
3333333
1111111
2222222
183
JSjxJ
--
J
. 7.13.
txt
,
.
,
Telephons.txt UTF-8 (. . 7.14).
2Jx]
Save As
Save ) | Debug
184

,
. ,
,
? ,
Telephons.txt
, .
,
,
, :
7.11.
using System;
using System.10;
class main
{
{
string Name, PhoneNum, Str;
int ind;
Console.Write( " : " );
Name = Console.ReadLine();
file reading ------------ */
/*-----------if( File.Exists( "Telephons.txt" ) )
{
FileStream fsR = new FileStream( "Telephons.txt",
FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read );
{
ind = Str.IndexOf( Name, 0 );
iff ind != - 1 )
{
Console.WriteLine( "-------------------------" );
Console.WriteLine( "{0}", Str );
}
}
sr.Close();
f s R . C l o s e ();
}
Console.WriteLine( "---------Console.WriteLine( "The end." );

Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
185
\n" );
}
. 7.15 .
i
. 7.15.

Enter, Telephons.txt,
.

Telephons.txt ( UTF-8)
7.11:
{
ind = Str.IndexOf ( Name, 0 );
if( ind != - 1
{
Console.WriteLine( "---------------------- " );
Console.WriteLine( "{0}", Str );
}
}
,
Telephons.txt ReadLine (),
. 4.3 IndexOf ()
String. ,
.

7.11 ,
.
III

Windows-

8.
W indows

8.1. Win32 Application

C/C++

(
)
Windows ,
(GUI Windows applications).
C# Microsoft NET Framework

, Windows
(controls)
FCL,
Form.
GUI- Microsoft NET Framework
C# Win32-nporpaMMHpoBaHHeM
Windows
187
C/C++ ([1,2,3]))

.
[1] Windows-
Microsoft Visul C++ 6.0. -
,
C++ ( ,

, ).
, Microsoft Visual C++ NET
(2003), Microsoft Developer
Studio NET (2003) (. ),

#.

, C# Microsoft Visual
C# NET (2003), .

.
\32-
C++.
[1] , Microsoft Visual C++
6.0
Win32 Application. Mi
crosoft Visual C++NET Win32 Project
Visual C++ Projects (. . 8.1).
, . 8.1, File |
New | Project. ( Lo
cation Browse...) ( Name),
, Win32 Application Wizard
Application Settings Empty
project (
, . ).
( )
SimpleDialog,
:
188
id
New P ro ject
Project Types:
Templates:
{__| Visual Basic Projects

Cr\ Visual C# Projects
CD
Q
33

Cl
Visual J# Projects
Vi5Ual C ++ Project
Setup and Deployment Projects
Other Projects
Visual Studio Solutions
Application
f^ M F C DLL
s MFC ISAPI Extension Dll

Win32 Console Project

Windows Control Library (.NET)
[ Windows Forms Application (.NET)
Windows Service (.NET)
A Win32 console application or other Win32 project.

Name:
I SimpIeDialog
Location:
| E:\BOOKS\KUDITS\C#Book
71
Browse...
Project will be created at E.\BOOKS\KUDIT5\C#Book\5impleDialog

TM o re
OK
Cancel
Help
. 8.1.
main.cpp C++ (
)
Script.rc

resource.h #define

[1].
.
. 8.2 SimpleDialog.rc ,
Notepad ():
IDB_OK IDB_Cancel,
Cancel,
resource.h:
#define IDB_OK
10
#define IDB_Cancel 11
Windows
189
*1S]*]
File dit Format View (Help
#include <abcres h>
#include resource h"
MYDIALOG DIALOG 0,0,186,95
STYLE DS_MODALFRAM E | W S_CAPTION | W S_SYSMEHU
CAPTION "SimpleDialog"
FONT 8, "MS Sans SenP
BEGIN
PUSHBUTTON "OK",
IDB_OK,
129,7,50,14
PUSHBUTTON "Cancel1, IDB_Cancet 129,24,50,14
END
. 8.2.
Script.rc SimpleDialog, Microsoft Visual C++ NET

Project | Add Existing Item... Script.rc .
main.cpp resource.h
,
Microsoft Visual C++ NET.
Project | Add New Item...,
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/*
File main.cpp
*/
/************************* j
#include <windows.h>
#include "resource.h"
// Prototypes:
// Dialog window function:
int CALLBACK DlgProc( HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM );
// Message Handlers:
void OnClose( HWND hwnd );
void OnOK( HWND hwnd );
void OnCancel( HWND hwnd );
190
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hi, HINSTANCE hl2,
LPSTR p, int n)
{
int ret;
ret = DialogBox( hi, "MYDIALOG", 0, (DLGPROC)DlgProc);
if( ret == 0 )
MessageBox( 0, "Close box", "Message", MB_OK );
if ( ret == 1 )
MessageBox( 0, "OK button",
"Message", MB_OK );
if ( ret == 2 )
MessageBox( 0, "Cancel button",
"Message", MB_OK );
return 0 ;
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int CALLBACK DlgProc( HWND hwnd , UINT iMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM 1Param ) .
{
if( iMsg == WM_CLOSE )
{
OnClose( hwnd );
return 1 ;
}
if( iMsg == WM_COMMAND )
{
i f ( LOWORD( wParam ) == IDB_OK )
OnOK( hwnd );
if( LOWORD( wParam ) == IDB_Cancel )
OnCancel( hwnd );
return 1 ;
}
return 0 ;
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void OnClose( HWND hwnd )
{
EndDialog( hwnd, 0 );
}
void OnOK( HWND hwnd )
Windows
191
{
}
void OnCancel( HWND hwnd )
{
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
SimpleDialog
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int C A L L B A C K D l g P r o c ( HTOND, UINT,
UPARAB,
LPA R A M
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v o i d OnClose( HUND hwn d );
v o i d OnOK(
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v o i d O n C a n c e l ( HWND h w n d );
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/*
File main.cs
*/
/*************************/
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
class main
{
{
MyDialog myDlg = new MyDialogO;
200
DialogResult res = myDlg.ShowDialog( null );
i f ( res == DialogResult.Cancel )
MessageBox.Show( "Close Box", "Message" );
return 0 ;
}
}
class MyDialog : Form
{
// :
public MyDialogO
{
// ,
// :
MaximizeBox = false;
MinimizeBox = false;
Text = "SimpleDialog";
ClientSize = new Size( 186, 95 );

FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedDialog;
ShowInTaskbar = false;
// ,
// , C/C++:
Font = new Font( "MS Sans Serif", 8 );
AutoScaleBaseSize = new Size( 4, 8 );
// " "
/ / :
btnl = new ButtonO;
btn2 = new ButtonO;
Controls.Add( btnl );
Controls.Add( btn2 );
// "":
btnl.Location = new Point( 129, 7 );
btnl.Size = new Size( 50, 14 );
btnl.Text = "OK";
// "Cancel":
btn2.Location = new Point( 129, 24 );
btn2.Size = new Size( 50, 14 );
btn2.Text = "Cancel";
Windows
//
201
!!!!
//
// Click:
btnl.Click += new EventHandler( OnOK );
btn2.Click += new EventHandler( OnCancel );
// :
private void OnOK( object obj, EventArgs e )
{
MessageBox.Show( "OK button",
"Message" );
}
private void OnCancel( object obj, EventArgs e )
{
MessageBox.Show( "Cancel button",
"Message" );
}
// , :
private Button btnl;
private Button btn2;
}
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{ MessageBox.Show( "Cancel button", "Message" ); }
,
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8.2):
btnl.Click += new EventHandler( OnClick );
btn2.Click += new EventHandler( OnClick );
private void OnClick( object obj, EventArgs e )
{
if( obj == btnl )MessageBox.Show( "OK button", "Message" );
else MessageBox.Show( "Cancel button", "Message" );
}
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MaximizeBox = false;
MinimizeBox = false;
Text = "SimpIeDialog";
ClientSize = new Size( 186, 95 );
FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedDialog;
ShowInTaskbar = false;
( ) Form ( -
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204
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8.2, .
(References)
FCL - System.dll, System.Drawing.dll System.Windows.Forms,
dll ( . . 1.4).
References
Microsoft Visual C#
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Add Reference (
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( -
main.cs), . 8.10.
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Console Application ( Windows-,
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Component Name
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System.Messaging.dll
1.0.5000.0
System. Runtime.Remoting
1.0.5000.0
System. Runtime. Serialization.,.,, 1.0.5000.0
System.Secunty
1.0.5000.0
System. ServiceProcess. dll
1.0.5000.0
System.Web.dll
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System.Web. Mobile.dll
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Component Name
System.dll
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Solution 'ProjDialogl' (1 project)

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8- References
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M a x i m i z e B o x e false;
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Text - "SimpIeDialog";
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208
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p u b l i c v o i d C reateM yForm ()
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b u t t o n 2 .T e x t * C a n c e l" ;
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fo r m l.F o r m B o r d e r S ty le = F o r m B o r d e r S ty le .F ix e d D ia lo g ;
/ / S e t t h e H axim izeB ox t o f a l s e t o rem ove t h e m a xim ize b o x .
fo r m l.H a x im iz e B o x = f a l s e ;
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References
* 0 System
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Solution 'W inAppl' (1 project)

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* 0 System
<3 System.Data
* Q System.Drawing
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u s i n g System.Drawing;
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/*
File Forml.cs
*/
using
using
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Drawing;
System.Collections;
System.ComponentModel;
System.Windows.Forms;
System.Data;
^************************* j
namespace WinAppl
{
public class Forml : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
public Forml(){ InitializeComponent(); }
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(300,300);
this.Text = "Forml";
}
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
if( components != null )
components.Dispose();
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
214
[STAThread]
public static void Main( )
{ Application.Run( new Forml() ); }
}
}
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/*
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using
using
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Drawing;
System.Collections;
System.Data;
public class Forml : Form
{
private Container components = null;
public Forml(){ InitializeComponent(); }
{
if( disposing )
if( components != null )
}
{
components = new ContainerO;
Windows
215
Size = new Size(300,300);

Text = "Forml";
}
[STAThread]
public static void Main()
}
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,
,

, (. . 8.20).
. 8.20 , Cancel (
Forml button2)
Click button2_Click .

:
217
Windows
j
03
*1
u
button2 System.Windows.Forms.Button
m |
Cursor
Default
FlatStyle
Standard
Font
Microsoft Sans Serif, 8.25pt
ForeColor
ControlText
Image
1 1 (none)
ImageAlign
MiddleCenter
Imagelndex
1 1 (none)
ImageList
(none)
RightToleft
No
1
te t
H H H H f l i button2
. TextAlign ____________ MiddleCenter
zi
Text
. 8.19.
2 Forml.cs - [Forml.cs*]
File
Edit
Solu .
View
Project
Budd
Debug
Xools
Window
j [^button2 Chclôbiecl: sender System.EventArgse ^ l
jîj Forml
=B
_ 1? X
Help
public static void Main()
tition WinAppl^
WinAppl
,
Reference
] App.ico
^ Assemblyli
3 Forml.cs
{ Application.Run{ new Forml()
); >
private void b u t t o n 2 _ C lick (object sender, System.EventArgs e)
Lil__ L J
d
In 64
Ready
. 8.20.
8.5.
u sin g
System ;
u sin g
S y ste m .D ra w in g ;
u sin g
u sin g
u sin g
S y ste m .C o lle c tio n s;

S y ste m .C o m p o n e n tM o d e l;
S y ste m .W in d o w s.F o rm s;
u sin g
System .D ata;
Co! 5
Ch2
INS
218
p u b lic
c la ss
Form l
Form
\
p riv a te
p riv a te
p riv a te
Windows .Forms .Button buttonsbutton2;

Container components = null;
System .
S y s t e m . Windows.Forms.Button
Forml(){ InitializeComponent(); }
override void Dispose( bool disposing )
p u b lic
p rotecte d
{
if( disposing )
i f ( components != null )
b a se
.Dispose( disposing );
}
p riv a te
v o id
I n i t i a l i z e C o m p o n e n t ()
{
this.buttonl = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// buttonl
//
this.buttonl.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(200, 16);
this.buttonl.Name = "buttonl";
this.buttonl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(80, 24);
this.buttonl.Tablndex = 0;
this.buttonl.Text = "OK";
this.buttonl.Click += new
System.EventHandler(this.buttonl_Click);
//
// button2
//
this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(200, 48);
this.button2.Name = "button2";
this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(80, 24);
this.button2 .Tablndex = 1 ;
this.button2.Text = "Cancel";
this.button2 .Click += new
Sys tem.EventHandler(thi s .bu11on2_C1ick);
//
//
Fo rm l
//
t h i s .A u t o S c a l e B a s e S i z e
new
S y s t e m . D r a w i n g . S i z e (5 ,
13);
Windows
219
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292 , 197);

this.Controls.Add(this.button2 );
this.Controls.Add(this.buttonl);
this.Name = "Forml";
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
[STAThread]
private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
}
private void buttonl_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
}
}
buttonl button2, In
itializeComponent () 8.5
,
( this).
, ,
.
8.5
buttonl_Click () button2_Click () ,
, ,
, ,
Show() MessageBox,
Windows:
private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show( "Cancel button",
"Message" );
}
{
MessageBox.Show( "OK button",
}
"Message" );
220
, ,
(. . 8.21).
. 8.21.
Cancel ,
.
, . 8.22 ,
( ) Cancel.
ESSO
ill
Cancel button
13
. 8.22.
.
Microsoft Visual C#

,
.
, ,
.

Microsoft Visual C#
[10].
,
.
Windows-, .
Windows
221
, ,
,
, . ,
,
.
,
, .
, ,
8.5
,
. 8.5 M ain (),
, . 8.3:
{
//Application.Run( new Forml() );
Forml dig = new Forml();
// :
dlg.MinimizeBox = false;
dlg.MaximizeBox = false;
dig.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedDialog;
dig.Text = "SimpleDialog";
//
// :
dig.ShowDialog();
}
:

, . ,
, ,
,
,
.
, [1],
,
(
),

.
9.
9.1.
. 7.4 -
.
, .
,
.
(. . 7.15).

. ,
. ,

.
,
,
.

.

[1] T e l P e r s o n l n f :
struct TelPersonlnfo
{
char Name[128];
int TelNum;
};
Name , TelNum .
,
#:
class TelPersonlnfo
{
// TelPersonlnfo:
Windows
223
public TelPersonlnf ( )
{ Name = null; TelNum = 0 ; }
public TelPersonlnfo( string nam )
{ m_Name = nam; m_TelNum = 0 ; }
public TelPersonlnfo( string nam, int num )
{ m_Name = nam; m_TelNum = num; }
// :
public string Name
{
get { return m_Name;
}
set { m_JSTame = value; }
}
public int TelNum
{
get { return m_TelNum;
}
set { m_TelNum = value; }
}
// :
private string m_Name;
private int
m_TelNum;
}
, . 5.1
,
TelPersonlnfo Name TelNum
m_Name m_TelNum.

, -
TelPersonlnfo.
, . 6.5
ArrayL
ist. , .

ArrayList arl = new ArrayList();
TelPersonlnfo
Add () Ar ayLi s t :
TelPersonlnfo tpi = new TelPersonlnf ();
arl.Add( tpi );
224
_____________________________________________________________________ 9

tpi .Count.
i- ()
:
(TelPersonlnfo)arl[i ]).Name
(TelPersonlnfo)arl[i]) .TelNum
ArrayList
, i-ro
( TelPersonln
fo), Name Tel
Num TelPersonlnfo.
,
,

.
9.2.
,
,
.
:

( - ).

(), ,
.
ArrayL
ist ( ) , <
BinarySearch ()
ArrayList.
- Sort ().
: BinarySearch ()
. 3.5 #,
Sort () ,
#, . , . 6.3
Windows
225
Sort () .
, ,
CompareTo () ICom
parable. * ,
.
,
CompareTo ()
TelPersonlnfo:
class TelPersonlnfo : IComparable
{
// IComparable:
{
if ( String.Compare( m_Name,
((TelPersonlnfo)ob).m_Name ) > 0 )
return 1 ;
else i f ( String.Compare( m_Name,
((TelPersonlnfo)ob).m_Name ) == 0 )
return 0 ;
else
return -1 ;
}
// TelPersonlnfo:
public TelPersonlnf ( )
public TelPersonlnf ( string nam )
{ m_JNTame = nam; m_TelNum = 0 ; }
public TelPersonlnf ( string nam, int num )
// :
public string Name
{
get
set
{return
{m_Name
m_Name;
}
= value; }
}
public int TelNum
{
get
set
}
{return
m_TelNum; }
{m_TelNum = value;
}
226
1 1 :
private int
m_TelNum;
}
Com
pareTo () 6.4 . 6.3, ,
( -
, )
Compare () String.
CompareTo () Sort ()
.

BinarySearch () ArrayList, , .
TelPersonlnfo
, ,

.
,

buttonl (
,
):
{
if( textBoxl.Text != "" && textBox2.Text != "" ) //
{
int ind = ArL.BinarySearch(new TelPersonlnfo(textBoxl.Text));
if( ind < 0 ) //
{
ArL.Add( new TelPersonlnfo( textBoxl.Text,
Convert.ToInt32( textBox2.Text ) ) );
ArL.Sort();
textBox3.Text = " ";
}
else
}
else if( textBoxl.Text != "" && textBox2.Text == "" ) //
Windows
227
int ind = ArL.BinarySearch(new TelPersonlnfo(textBoxl.Text));

if( ind >= 0 )
textBox3.Text = Convert.ToString(
((TelPersonlnfo)ArL[ind]).TelNum );
else
}
else // ( )
{
int num = ArL.Count;
i f ( num > 0 )
{
textBoxl.Text = ((TelPersonlnfo)ArL[0]).Name;
((TelPersonlnfo)ArL[num - 1]).TelNum );
textBox3.Text = "" ;
}
}
}

- b u t t o n l _ C l i c k .
,
(
) te x tB o x l () te x tB o x 2 (
). - te x tB o x 3 ,
.
( )
te x tB o x l .T e x t, T e x t -
.
.
9.3.
.

, ,
,
.
. 9.1.
Telephons,
. Input data .
228
xj
Telephons
Input data
OK
Exit
. 9.1.
.

,
,
.
,
,
.
, ,
(. . 9.2).
. 9.2 ,
(
Properties ) ReadOnly True (
False).

, .
()
:
, textBox3
.
textBoxl textBox2
, Input data.
buttonl.
Windows
229
3 0
textBoH3 System.Wmdows.Forms.TextBox
>
I - / 1
HideSeiection
ImeMode
MaxLength
Multiline
PasswordChar
Readonly
Tablndex
TabStop
Visible
WordWrap
C o n fig u ra tio n s
True
NoControl
32767
False
H I T ru e
2
True
True
True
R e a d o n ly
. 9.2.
F o r m l.c s ,
, M ain () (
main main.cs, ),

b u t t o n l :
9.1.
/*************************/
/*
File Forml.cs
*/
/************************* j
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
namespace TelBookProj
{
/// <summary>
III Summary description for Forml.
Ill </summary>
{
230
_____________________________________________________________________ 9
private Sys tem.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBoxl;

private Sys tem.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBoxl;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox2;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonl;
private Sys tem.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox3;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
I I I <summary>
I I I Required designer variable.
I l l </summary>
public Forml( ArrayList arl )
{
11
II
Required for Windows Form Designer support
11
InitializeComponent();
11
TODO: Add any code after InitializeComponent call
11
ArL = arl;
}
<summary>
Clean up any resources being used.
</summary>
III
III
Ill
{
if( disposing )
{
if (components != null)
{
}
}
}
#region Windows Form Designer generated code
I I I <summary>
I I I Required method for Designer support - do not modify
I I I the contents of this method with the code editor.
I l l </summary>
Windows
231
this.groupBoxl = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();

this.textBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.textBoxl = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.groupBoxl.SuspendLayout();
//
// groupBoxl
//
this.groupBoxl.Controls.Add(this.textBox2);
this.groupBoxl.Controls.Add(this.textBoxl);
this.groupBoxl.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 16);
thi s .groupBoxl.Name = "groupBoxl";
this.groupBoxl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(320, 72);
this.groupBoxl.Tablndex = 0;
this.groupBoxl.Tabstop = false;
this.groupBoxl.Text = "Input data";
//
// textBox2
//
this.textBox2.AutoSize = false;
this.textBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(176, 24);
this.textBox2.Name = "textBox2";
this.textBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(128, 32);
this.textBox2.Tablndex = 1;
this.textBox2.Text =
//
// textBoxl
//
this.textBoxl.AutoSize = false;
this.textBoxl.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 24);
this.textBoxl.Name = "textBoxl";
this.textBoxl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(128, 32);
this.textBoxl.Tablndex = 0;
this.textBoxl.Text =
//
// buttonl
//
this.buttonl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(12 0, 32);
232
this.buttonl.Tablndex = 1;
this.buttonl.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonl_Click);
11
II
textBox3
//
this.textBox3.Readonly = true;
this.textBox3.Text =
//
// button2
//
this.button2.DialogResult =
System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel;
this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 152);
this.button2.Tablndex = 3;
this.button2.Text = "Exit";
//
// Forml
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
this.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(3 52, 197);
this.Controls.Add(this.button2 );
this.Controls.Add(this.textBox3);
this.Controls.Add(this.groupBoxl);
thi s .Name = "Forml";
this.groupBoxl.ResumeLayout(false);
}
#endregion
{
if( textBoxl.Text 1= "" && textBox2.Text != "" ) //
Windows
233
int ind = ArL.BinarySearch( new

TelPersonlnfo(textBoxl.Text));
if( ind < 0 ) //
{
Convert.ToInt32( textBox2.Text ) ) );
ArL.Sort();
}
else
}
else if( textBoxl.Text != "" && textBox2.Text == "" )
{ //
if( ind >= 0 )
else
}
else // ( )
{
if( num > 0 )
{
textBox3.Text = "";
}
}
}
// ( ):
ArrayList ArL;
}
}
, 9.1
Forml arL ArrayList
.
Forml:
234
11
// TODO: Add any code after InitializeComponent call
11
ArL = arl;
, ,

.
9.1
, , . 8.4,
,
, .
.
9.4.
,
,
.
T e le p h o n s .
. 7,

.
PutDatalntoDB () G e tD a ta FromDB() MyFiles:
9.2.
I'k'k'k'k'k-k-k'k'k-k-k'k'k'k'k'k'k-k'k'k'k'k-k'k'k j
File MyFiles.cs
I*
*/
/************************* j
using System;
using System.10;
class MyFiles
{
public static void PutDatalntoDB(string FileName,ArrayList arl)
{
int size, len, Ind = 0; string strAux;
// 1. chAr char
// :
size = arl.Count;
Windows
235
char[] chAr = new char[ (128+7) * size ];

strAux = new String( ' ', (128+7) * size );
strAux.CopyTo( 0, chAr, 0, (128+7) * size );
// chAr
/ / arl:
for( int i = 0 ; i < size; ++i )
{
// - :
strAux = ((TelPersonlnfo)arl[i]).Name;
len = strAux.Length;
strAux.CopyTo( 0, chAr, Ind, len );
Ind += 128;
// - :
strAux = Convert.ToString(
( (TelPersonlnfo)arl[i]).TelNum );
StrAux.CopyTo( 0, chAr, Ind, len );
Ind += 7;
}
// 2. chAr :
FileStream fsW = new FileStream( FileName, FileMode.Create,
FileAccess.Write );
///////////////////
bw.Write( chAr );
///////////////////
bw.Close();
fsW.Close();
}
public static int GetDataFromDB(string FileName,ArrayList arl)
{
int TargetNum, len, Ind = 0; string TargetStr; char[] inBuf;
if( File.Exists( FileName ) )
{
FileStream fsR = new FileStream( FileName, FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read );
len = (int)fsR.Length;
if( len > 0 )
{
/////////////////////////////
236
inBuf = br.ReadChars( len );

11111111111111111111111111111
.Close();
fsR.Close();
b r
// ArrayList:
char[] NameBuf = new char[128];
chart] NumBuf = new char[7];
while( Ind < inBuf.Length )
{
// - :
Array.Copy( inBuf, Ind, NameBuf, 0, 128 );
TargetStr = ( new string( NameBuf ) ).TrimEnd();
Ind += 128;
// - :
Array.Copy( inBuf, Ind, NumBuf, 0, 7 );
TargetNum = Convert.ToInt32(
( new string(NumBuf) ).TrimEnd() );
Ind += 7;
// :
arl.Add( new TelPersonlnfo( TargetStr, TargetNum ) );
}
return 0;
//
}
fsR.Close();
}
return -7; //
}
}
, P utD a ta ln to D B () GetDataFromDB ()
- ( ).
,
. ,
( )
.
, W rite ()
B in a r y W r ite r ReadChars ()
B in a ry R ea d er. ,
c h a r,
Windows
237

, .

9.2: char,
.
,
Microsoft NET Framework,
(. [5]). ,
C#
. -
.

TelPersonlnfo char (
, GetDataFromDB (),
):
// 1. chAr char
// :
size = arl.Count;
chart] chAr = new chart (128+7) * size ];
strAux = new String( '
(128+7) * size );
StrAux.CopyTo( 0, chAr, 0, (128+7) * size );
// chAr
/ / arl:
{
// - :
Ind += 128;
// - :
len = strAux.Length ;
Ind += 7;
}
[1] , 128
, .
238
_____________________________________________________________________ 9
128+7
,
:
size = arl.Count;
chart] chAr = new chart (128+7) * size ];
(128+7) * size );
strAux.CopyTo( 0, chAr, 0, (128+7) * size );
,
, String

strAux, ()
chAr.
, ( )
,
arl ArrayList:
{
// - :
Ind += 128;
// - :
Ind += 7;
}

Ind:
Ind += 128;
Ind += 7;

, ( 7 ) -
.
Windows
239
9.5.

,
, 9.1 9.2,
. , ,
main.cs main M a in ()
,
A r r a y L i s t ,
.
Microsoft Visual C#
Windows Application TelBookProj,

, . 9.3 (
Forml.cs), main.cs, TelPersonInfo.cs
MyFiles.cs. ,
. 9.3.
lOJxj
\ TelBookProj - M icrosoft Visual C # T [design] [M yFil s i s }

*X>
File
Edit
View
Project
Build
Debug
Tools
Window
jj
_____ 1
using System ;
using S y s te m .Collections;
j U3ing S y s te m .10;
class HyFiles
{
p u b lic s t a t i c v o i d P u tD a ta ln to D B ( s t r i n g F ileN a .
{
in t s iz e ,
//
le n ,
Ind = 0; s t r i n g str A u x :
'-
____ _____ |
R ead y
3 FT"
l^fMyFiles
ution 'TelBookProj' (1 p rc j^
TelBookProj
References
App.ico
2 j AssemblyInfo.es
Esl Forml.cs
Q main.es
] MyF2es,cs
1 TelPersonInfo.es T
Help
l, Ln5
rhAr
21
'J
Ch
14
,IM5;
. 9.3.

, Forml.cs MyFiles.cs
9.1 9.2 ,
:
240
9.3.
/***************************/
/*
File TelPersonInfo.cs
*/
jie -k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k'k-k-k'k-k'k'k'k'k'k-k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k
using System;
class TelPersonlnfo : IComparable
{
// IComparable:
{
if( String.Compare( m_Name,
((TelPersonlnfo)ob).mJName ) > 0 )
return 1 ;
else iff String.Compare( mJName,
((TelPersonlnfo)ob).m_Name ) == 0 )
return 0 ;
else
return -1 ;
}
// TelPersonlnfo:
public TelPersonlnfo( )
public TelPersonlnfo( string nam )
{ m_Name = nam; m_TelNum = 0 ; }
public TelPersonlnfo( string nam, int num )
// :
public string Name
{
get { return m_Name;
}
set { m_Name = value; }
}
public int TelNum
{
get { return m_TelNum;
}
set { m_TelNum = value; }
}
// :
private int
m_TelNum;
Windows
241
! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * j
/*
File MyFiles.cs
*/
/************************* j
using System;
using System.10;
class MyFiles
{
public static void PutDatalntoDB(string FileName,ArrayList arl)
{
int size, len, Ind = 0; string strAux;
// 1. chAr char
I l :
size = arl.Count;
char[] chAr = new chart (128+7) * size ];
(128+7) * size );
strAux.opyTo( 0, chAr, 0, (128+7) * size );
// chAr
/ / arl:
{
// - :
strAux.opyTo( 0, chAr, Ind, len );
Ind += 128;
// - :
Ind += 7;
}
// 2. chAr :
FileStream fsW = new FileStream( FileName, FileMode.Create,
FileAccess.Write );
///////////////////
bw.Write( chAr );
///////////////////
242
bw.Close() ;
fsW.Close();
}
public static int GetDataFromDB(string FileName,ArrayList arl)
{
int TargetNum, len, Ind = 0; string TargetStr; char[] inBuf;
if( File.Exists( FileName ) )
{
FileStream fsR = new FileStream( FileName, FileMode.Open,
FileAccess.Read );
len = (int)fsR.Length;
if( len > 0 )
{
/////////////////////////////
inBuf = br.ReadChars( len );
/////////////////////////////
br.Close();
fsR.Close();
// ArrayList:
char[] NameBuf = new char[128];
char[] NumBuf = new char[7];
while( Ind < inBuf.Length )
{
I l - :
Array.Copy( inBuf, Ind, NameBuf, 0, 128 );
TargetStr = ( new string( NameBuf ) ).TrimEnd();
Ind += 128;
I l - :
Array.Copy( inBuf, Ind, NumBuf, 0, 7 );
TargetNum = Convert.ToInt32(
( new string(NumBuf) ).TrimEnd() );
Ind += 7;
I l :
arl.Add( new TelPersonlnfo( TargetStr, TargetNum ) );
}
return 0 ;
}
fsR.Close();
}
//
Windows
243
return -7; //
}
}
J
kik-k-k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k j
File Forml.cs
/*
*/
/************************* j
using
using
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Drawing;
System.Collections;
System.Data;
namespace TelBookProj
{
/// <summary>
I I I Summary description for Forml.
I l l </summary>
{
private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBoxl;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBoxl;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button buttonl;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
I I I <summary>
I I I Required designer variable.
I l l </summary>
public Forml( ArrayList arl )
{
//
11
Required for Windows Form Designer support
11
InitializeComponent() ;
//
// TODO: Add any code after InitializeComponent call
11
ArL = arl;
}
244
<summary>
Clean up any resources being used.
</summary>
III
III
Ill
{
if( disposing )
{
if (components != null)
{
}
}
}
#region Windows Form Designer generated code
I I I <summary>
I I I Required method for Designer support - do not modify
I I I the contents of this method with the code editor.
I l l </summary>
{
this.groupBoxl = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
this.textBoxl = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.groupBoxl.SuspendLayout();
//
// groupBoxl
11
this.groupBoxl.Controls.Add(this.textBox2);
this.groupBoxl.Controls.Add(this.textBoxl);
this.groupBoxl.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 16);
thi s .groupBoxl.Name = "groupBoxl";
this.groupBoxl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(320, 72);
thi s .groupBoxl.Tablndex = 0;
this.groupBoxl.TabStop = false;
this.groupBoxl.Text = "Input data";
11
11
11
textBox2
Windows
245
this.textBox2.Text = "";
//
// textBoxl
//
this.textBoxl.AutoSize = false;
this.textBoxl.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 24);
this.textBoxl.Name = "textBoxl";
this.textBoxl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(128, 32);
this.textBoxl.Tablndex = 0;
this.textBoxl.Text = "";
//
// buttonl
//
this.buttonl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 32);
this.buttonl.Tablndex = 1 ;
this.buttonl.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.buttonl__Click);
//
// textBox3
//
this.textBox3.Readonly = true;
this.textBox3.Text = "";
//
// button2
//
this.button2.DialogResult =
System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel;
this .button2 .Location = new Sys tem. Drawing. Point (12 0, 152);
this.button2 .Tablndex = 3;
246
9
this.button2.Text = "Exit";
//
Forml
11
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
this.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(352, 197);
this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
thi s .Controls.Add(thi s .text);
this.Controls.Add(this.groupBoxl);
this.Name = "Forml";
this.groupBoxl.ResumeLayout(false);
}
#endregion
{
if( textBoxl.Text != "" && textBox2.Text != "" ) //
{
if( ind < 0 ) //
{
Convert .'ToInt32 ( textBox2 .Text ) ) );
ArL.Sort();
}
else
}
else if( textBoxl.Text != "" && textBox2.Text == "" )
{ //
if( ind >= 0 )
textBox3,.Text = Convert .ToString (
else
Windows
247
else // ( )
{
if ( num > 0 )
{
textBox3.Text = "";
}
}
}
// ( ):
ArrayList ArL;
}
}
f kkk-kkkkkkkkkkk-kkkk-k-kk j
File main.cs
/*
*/
j
kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk j
Using
using
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using
System;
System.Collections;
Sys tem.Windows.Forms;
TelBookProj;
class main
{
1 1 // - :
static ArrayList arl = new ArrayList();
static string FileName = "Telephons";
[STAThread]
{
// :
int ret = MyFiles.GetDataFromDB( FileName, arl );
if( ret == -7 )
MessageBox.Show( " ", "" );
//Application.Run( new Forml() );
Forml dig = new Forml( arl );
248
_____________________________________________________________________ 9
// :
dig.MinimizeBox = false;
dig.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedDialog;
dig.Text = "Telephons";
Il
// :
dig.ShowDialog();
// :
MyFiles.PutDatalntoDB( FileName, arl );
}
}
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// :
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d i g .FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedDialog;
dig.Text = "Telephons";
Il
// :
d i g .ShowDialog();
Windows
249
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DLL
Static library
Addfcional options:
P* mpixpfoiec
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263
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Item... "AddNew Item" (. . . 13).
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.
Microsoft Visual ++
NET (2003).
[1]. . . . - .: -, 2006.
[2]. . . Windows C/C++. .1.- .: ,
2004.
[3]. . . Windows C/C++. .2.- .: ,
2006.
[4]. . JL, . ., . ., . ..
.- .: , 2004.
[5]. . . C# .NET- .: , 2006.
[6]. . ., . . #. .-.: -, 2003.
[7]. . Windows 95. .1 .2.- .: BHV, 1997.
[8]. . . Microsoft NET Framework - .:
, 2005.
[9]. . Microsoft Windows #. .2.- .:
Microsoft Press, 2002.
[10]. . ., . . #..: -, 2003.
. .
,
C# JAVA
Web-
'

ISB N 5-9579-0015-
C++
C++
J1. .
ISB N 5-93378-020-0

ISB N 5-91136-006-3
;

I
I
I

ISB N 5-9579-0107-5
,
ISB N 5-93378 063-4

ISB N 5-9579-0082-6
II
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1.2. Micorosft Visual C# NET

1 Visual Basic Projects

^ ASP.NET Web Application

An empty project fo r creating a local applicaton

Project will be created at E:\BOOKS\KUDIT5\C#Book\Tests\Projl.

!6 objects (Disk free space: 4.85 GB) 11.8 KB

Add New Item - Projl

Local Project Items

^ P ro jl.c s p ro j.u s e r >

P ro jl - M icrosoft Visual C # NET [design] - [m a m x s ]

1Solution Explorer - Proj 1

Microsoft Visual C# NET

P ro jl - Microsoft; Visual C # .NET [design] - [m a ln .c s *]

public static int Haint)

B u ild s t a r t e d : P r o j e c t : P r o j l , C o n fig u r a tio n : Debug .NET

M icrdsoft Visual C # NET [b r e a k ] - [m aM :s]

public static int Main( )

Sum = MyCalc.MySum( Sum, Sum + 1 );

public static int MySum( int M, int N )

public static int Main( )

public static int MySum( int M, int N )

Project | Add New Item...

/ * ---- F i l e m a i n . c s -------* / / * -----F i l e M y C a l c .c s -------* /.

4 Solution 'Pro)4' (1 project)

public static int Main( )

public static int MySum( int M, int N )

public static int MySum( int M, int N )

MyCalc . MySum ().

.7*] Windows Application

1 Visual Basic Projects

A project fo r creating classes to use in other applications

Project will be created at E:\BOOK5\KUDIT5\C#8ook\Tests\MyCalcClasses

MyCalcClasses - Wrmsoft Visual C# JNET [ck^km] - [C lassic*]

Solution Explorer * MyCalc... x

^ Solution 'MyCalcClasses' (1 proje

nam esp ace M y C a lcC la sses

public static int Main( )

int i = 137, N = 895, Sum;

, M y C alcC lasses Proj5

Com; onent Name

Solution Explorer - ProjS

Solution 'ProjS' (1 project)

public static int Main()

double res, xl, x2, x3;

public static int Main( )

Console.WriteLine( "Cant solve equation" );

public static int Main( )

i f ( (b-a) <= 0 | | eps < 0 )

Console.WriteLine( "Bad input values" );

static double TrapezSquare( double a, double b, double eps )

double resl, res2;

static double MyTrapezSquare( double a, double b, int N )

double x, h, SI, S2;

for( x=a+h; x < b; x=x+h )

printf( "\nFor = %Lf, b = %Lf,

" N = %d, S = %Lf",

public static int Main()

static int MyMin( int x, int )

static double MyMin( double x, double )

0 13 -NET Framework Class Library

o u b lic s ta tic vo id W rite L in e fb o o l):

public static int Main()

static void MySwap( )

_______ _ J________ 21