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Heavy Crude Quality

Property API Sulphur Nitrogen Metals Ni/V/Fe Metals Na/Ca/As Asphaltenes Naphthenic acids Chlorides Viscosity

Comment

Impact

Typically, oil gravity approaches water, requiring a diluents to separate water from hydrocarbon High sulphur levels requiring hydrotreatment High nitrogen levels requiring H2 for removal, producing NH3 High catalyst replacement Alkaline metals, special guard bed / catalysts for removal Potential for fouling, may cause frequent maintenance shutdown High levels will cause corrosion Typically associated with alkaline metal Too high to pump; requires diluents

Water / Oil separation Corrosion Corrosion Catalyst deactivation Corrosion / catalyst deactivation Fouling Corrosion / fouling Corrosion High transportation / pumping cost

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