017 WhataboutMilindaPinhyar

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azmfxw k &f ef þpmudjk yKpyk gonf/ þodYk azmfxw k jf yKp&k mü rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬K\ pmay
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19
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xdakY MumifY tv,fvrf;udk pdwn f w
T Mf uaom tm;vk;H aom yk*Kd¾ vfwkid ;f
twGuf rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬KESipYf yfí jyóemudkukid w f ,G yf \
kH cRw, f iG ;f wdr;f rSm;yku H kd
tvif;txifawGjY rifEkid &f ef jyóemwdki;f udk tv,fvrf;tjrifjzifY udkiw f , G jf y
&rnf jzpfonf/
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qufvufí jyóemwpfckwkid ;f udk ½Sief m*aoe udkiw f ,
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t&mr[kwo f nfvnf; ½So d nf/ xdkojkYd zpfaomfvnf; ½dk;om;ít&mr[kwaf om
jyóemrsm;onfom rsm;onf/ r½d;k om;í t&mr[kwaf omjyóemrsm;rSm
enf;ygonf/
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wG,jf yrnf jzpfygonf/ þü ½d;k om;í t&mr[kwaf omjyóemrsm;[lonfrmS
ar;oltodü t½Su d kt
d ajccHaom jyóemonf ½dk;om;aomjyóemjzpfonf/
tv,fvrf;orm;wdkY odtyfaomjyóemonf t&m[kwfaomjyóem
jzpfonf/
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onf 'óeorm;wdakY jz&rnfjh yóem r[kw/f odyt HÜ wwfynm½Siw f kYd ajz&rnfh
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½d;k om;aomjyóemESiYf taMumif;[kwaf omjyóemonf av;pm;tyf

aomjyóem jzpfonf/ ,aeYtxd todynm½Si?f twwfynm½SiEf iS Yf tvkyf
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opfjzifY ok;H oyfygrnf/ ½dak oav;pm;pGmjzifY emMum;zwf½EI ikd Mf u&ef arwåmw&m;rsm;
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r[m0*¾
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þjyóemonf ½Sief m*aoetm; ]]t½Sit Yf rnf rnfov Ykd ¿
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ac:Muonf/odkaY omf em*aoe[laomtrnfonf ol&aoeç 0D&aoeç oD[
aoeponfjzifY rdbrsm; rSnahf c:Muonfh trnfrsm;uJo Y Ykd ac:a0:&umrSs trnf
om jzpfayonf/þtrnfü yk*Kd¾ vf[í l r½SEd kid af y}}[k jzpfayonf/
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jzpfonf/
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onf/]]em*aoeü qHyif? tarT;ponfü ½ky?f a0'emponfrsm; ½SMd uonf/,if;ü
qHyifonf em*aoeavm¿ tarT;ponf em*aoeavm¿½kypf onf em*aoe
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ponfEiS Yf pGí J jzpfaom oDwif;ok;H azmfwkYd ac:a0:&umrwåtrnfrsS jzpfonf/
,if;ü y&rw¬tm;jzifY yk*Kd¾ vf[í l r&Edki/f þt&monf xif½mS ;onfr[kwyf g
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vnf; aumif;rI? raumif;rIEiS Yf ,if;tusKd ;rsm;udk aqmifEkid o f nfyif jzpfonf/}}
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½Sief m*aoe\ txufygtqdkrsm; rSeu f efygoavm¿
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raeEdkicf siaf tmif ½Sad yonf/odakY omf 'óersuaf pYjzifMY unfv h sS if wu,f apYpyf
rSeu f efonf[k jrifciG &Yf rnfavm¿
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yk*Kd¾ v[
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y&rwfvakd &wGuv f sS if xif½mS ;r&Edik f xifygonf/ odrYk [kwf y&rwftjzpf
xif½mS ;r&Edik ?f þodv Yk nf; teufxifygonf/ tb,ftjzpf xif½mS ;r&Edik o f enf;
qdkaomf ½Sief m*aoe[laomt&mü yk*Kd¾ vftjzpf xif½mS ;r&Edki[ f k qdkonf/
tb,fenf;jzifaY &wGuv f sif ½Sief m*aoeü yk*K¾ v d t
f jzpf xif½mS ;r&Edkio f enf;
qdkaomf y&rwfenf;tm;jzifaY &wGuv f sif ½Sief m*aoe[laomtrnfü yk*Kd¾ vft
jzpf xif½mS ;r&Edkif [lownf;/
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or®Kwdw&m;udk y&rwfenf;tm;jzifY a&wGuv f rkYd &[k ½dk;½dk;omajymvsif bmrSs
ajymbG,rf ½S/d or®Kwdw&m;udk y&rwfenf;jzifY yk*Kd¾ vf[k a&wGuí f r&umrSsjzifY
ud,
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or®Kwdw&m;t& ac:p&mr½Sad v[ef a&mBudwv f rdS v

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trnfjzpfonf? yk*Kd¾ vf[í l xif½mS ;r&Edki/f þpum;t& trnfynwfonf
EIwcf rf;ESpv f mT tMum;üjzpfí EIwcf rf;ESpv f mT tMum;rSmyif ysuaf omt&mjzpfonf/
taumiftxnf[í l yk*Kd¾ v[
f í
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½Sifem*aoe[laomtrnfonf þqdkcJYonfhtwdkif; tu,fyif
taumiftxnfrt YJ &m jzpfoavm¿ qHyif? arT;nif;? ajconf;-vufonf;ç
ponf odrYk [kwf ½ky?f a0'em?onmponfwYkd pka0;aeaom txnf0w¬Kj'yfaumif
udk t&aumuf r&NyDavm¿
þodaYk umufí&aomj'yfaumifonf y&rwftm;jzifY r½Syd g[k qdak umif;
qdEk ikd yf grnf/ y&rwftm;jzifY r½S½d rHk sS jzifY þj'yfaumifurkd ½S[ d k qdEk ikd yf grnfavm¿
y&rwftm;jzifY ½ky?f a0'emponf½v dS sif ,if;wdYk pka0;aeaom yk*Kd¾ vo f nf
vnf; ½Sad ernfrmS rvGrJ aoG jzpfonf/ odaYk omfvnf; ,if;yk*Kd¾ vo f nf y&rwfru l m;
[kwaf umif;rS[kwrf nf/ ,if;t½So d nf y&rwfr[kwu f mrSsjzifY t½Srd [kw[ f k
qdck iG rYf ½Sad y/xdaYk MumifY ]]½Sief m*aoe[laomtrnfonf yk*Kd¾ vt f m;jzifY xif½mS ;r&
Edik ?f ac:qd&k umrwå trnfrsS jzpfonf/ odrYk [kwf EIwcf rf;ESpv f mT tMum;rSm jzpfçysuf
oGm;aomt&mrSsom jzpfonf?}}þodkY rqdkoifaY y/
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½Sief m*aoeonf tpyXr ]]e a[w¬y*k a¾ vm OyvAÇw}d }[k trnfü

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´ tdtt d tJ J apm'emaomtcg qef;ppfjyD;
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r&Edki[ f lí jznfhpu G q f kdavonf/
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jr§Kyfuu G vf kyv f sS uf 0SuNf yD;ya[Vdvkyv f kyaf vonf/ a*:vDvk;H jzifu Y pm;aeaom
uav;xHokYd ½Tijf rL;vdkaomvlBuD;onf tupm;cHae&aom a*:vDv;kH udk nm
vufjzifY aumuf,v l ukd of nf/ uav;ujyefawmif;aomtcg b,fbufvufukd
jzefjY yonf/ b,fbufvufü a*:vDvk;H um;r½S/d xdkokYd r½Su d mrSsjzifY a*:vDvk;H
r½S[ d k uav;uxifonf/
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nmvufukd uGjJ ym;pGmcGjJ cm;wwfaomf xdo k jYkd yKí &ygrnfavm¿nmvufjzif, Y il ifNyD;
b,fvufür½Sad Mumif; t½SmazGcjH cif;onf oifjY rwfygrnfavm¿xdjYk yif nmvuf
jzif, Y il ifNyD; b,fvufür½Sad omaMumifY a*:vDv;Hk udrk ,l[k pdwcf svufcs qk;H jzwf
csucf sjcif;onfvnf; oifaY vSsmyf grnfavm¿
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&Edkio f vJ[k ppfaMum½SmazGjyonf/r&aomtcgü trnfüyk*Kd¾ vfukrd &Edki[ f al om
olt Y qdu k kd wGe;f xd;k NyD; twnfjyKjzpfatmif jyKvyk o f mG ;avonf/ þtrlt&monf
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aeaomar;cGe;f rsm;udk aysmufq;Hk oGm;&efBudK;pm;NyD; vrf;rSm;jzifaY wG;ac:aponf/
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onf/ ½Sief m*aoeonf trnfüyk*Kd¾ vfukrd &[k qdkaomfvnf; trnfü ½ky?f

a0'emponfwYkd pka0;aeonfh toGio f P²mefj'yfaumifukd aumuf,í l &aeonf
r[kwaf vm¿
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umrSsjzpfonf}}[laom ½Sief m*aoe\pum;onf cRwfacsmv f GJrSm;aeonf
r[kwyf gavm¿trnfonf EIwcf rf;ESpv f mT Mum;rSm jzpfçysuaf eaomt&momvsif
jzpfvsif ½kyçf a0'emponf\ tpkta0;jzpfaom j'yfaumifukd r&bJ½&dS rnf
r[kwyf gavm¿
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udkajzvsif uav;qefaeaomaMumifY[k ajz&rnf/ tb,fokdYenf;qdkvsif
uav;onf b,fvufç nmvufrcGw J wfbJ vuf[í l omodwwfouJo Y k?Yd
ynwfçy&rwfurkd odbJ y&rwfuo kd m odxm;aomaMumifY jzpfonf/
avmuü ½Sief m*aoeuJo Y ykYd k*Kd¾ vfrsm; ,aeYvnf; txift½Sm;½So d nf/
olwo kYd nf y&rwfuko d modMuonf?ynwfuku d m; rodMu/olwo kYd nf y&rw¬t½Sd
0g'FrD sm; jzpfMuonf/ þ0g'onf b,fy*k Kd¾ vu f trGetf pjzpfonf[k rod&ao;
aomfvnf; ,aeYüum; xGe;f um;vSsu½f o dS nf/
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t½Srd [kw/f EIwcf rf;ESpv f mT Mum;rSmomjzpfaom w&m;omjzpfonf/ þodYk cH,o l l
rsm; jzpfMuayonf/
olwo kYd nf rsuu f ef;uJoY kYd udk,w f kid f a0zefppfaMumjcif;udk rsuEf mS vTv J sS uf
olrsm;qdkpum;rsm;aemufokYd waumufaumuf vdkuaf eMuolrsm; jzpfayonf/
olwko Yd nf y&rwfukd t½Sw d &m;[k ZGwrf w dS í f vufcaH eayonf/rnfrsS txd
tpGo J efaeMuoenf;[lru l m; y&rwfukd t½S[ d koefveG ;f ojzifY y&rwfonfom
vSsif t½Sjd zpfonf[kqkNd yD; ynwfukrd l t½Srd [kw[ f ktxdyif tpGe;f uyfí tpGJ
oefomG ;Muayonf/
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29
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xdky&rw¬t½S0d g'Dwko Yd nfÞ

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udkyif owdrxm;tm;Edkiaf tmif ½SMd uayonf/
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jzpfay:onf[í l a[mcJaY yonf/
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topfjzpfaeaom toGiw f pfcktjzpfom jzpfaeonf/ taMumif;tpdwt f ydki;f
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rSsom jzpfayonf/
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30
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þodkY tjiif;yGm;bdBkY udK;pm;vSsif y&rwfrsm;udkvnf; tvm;wl tjiif;cHEkid yf grnf

avm¿[k jyefveS if MYkH unf&h rnf/
Oyrm jrifpw d yf &rwf/ þy&rwfonf rsuaf pYtMunfEiS Yf tqif;udkpí JG
jzpfonf/ odkrY [kwf rsuaf pYEiS t Yf qif;wdkY pka0;aeonfh toGio f pfomjzpfonf/
þü rsuaf pYEiS t Yf qif;wdYk aygif;qkpH ak 0;aomfvnf; rsuaf pYçtqif;onf rsuaf pYç
tqif;omjzpfonf/jrifpw d rf [kw-f þodkY tjiif;cHEkid o f ifo Y nf/ þodkcY &H vSsif
y&rwfukyd if t½Sx d m;r&onft h jzpfukd cH&zdkU½o dS nf/
xdakY MumifY y&rwfukd t½Sx d m;csiv f sS if ynwfukv d nf; t½Sd xm;&rnf/
þodkjY zpfvsS if ynwft½So d nf y&rwft½Sx d uf wnfwrhH t I csed Mf umjrifY
aomaMumifY ynwfuko d mvSsif t½St d jzpf todtrSwjf yK&mü y&rwf\a½SUrS
xm;oifaY yonf/
bk&m;oSsio f nfvnf; þodykY if xm;cJaY yonf/ bk&m;oSsio f nf aqmif
tyfaomw&m;rsm;udkvnf; tjynft h pkH a[mcJaY y onf/a½Smiftyfaomw&m;
rsm;udkvnf; xdt kY wlyif/
xdka[mcJo Y nfh aqmifp&mESiYf a½Smifp&mrsm;onf ynwft½Srd sm;csn;f
jzpfMuonf/tjypfjzpfonfvnf; ynwfaMumif/Y tusKd ;jzpfonfvnf; ynwf
aMumifcY sn;f [k qdkvko d nf/
y&rwfukd pum;csUJ í t½St d jzpfjzifY b,f aqmifp&mESiYf a½Smifp&mtod
ay;csurf mS rS rajym? ra[m? rnTejf ycJaY y/
y&rwfukd bk&m;oSsin f eT jf ycJYonfum; y&rwfomvSsi½f o Sd nf[ko&d ef
nTejf ycJjY cif;r[kw/f ynwft½Sw d &m;rsm;\jzpfpOfukd a&wGuaf omtcg qdkuf
a&mufrnfh tajccHw&m;rsm;jzpfaom aMumifY a[mnTecf jYJ cif; jzpfayonf/
ynwfEiS yYf &rwfonf tkww f ku
d Ef iS t
Yf kwcf w
J kuYd oYJ kYd jzpfonf/ tkww f ku d f
\jzpfpOfukad &wGuv f sif tkwcf [ J al om tajccHypön;f [k wdkiaf tmif a&mufay
onf/xdkokw Yd kid af &mufaomaMumifY tkwcf ½J o dS nf?tkww f ku d rf ½S[ d k qdkírjzpfEkid /f
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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32
tkwcf v J nf;½So d nf/tkww f ku

d uf m; tkwcf x J ufyif ay:vGix f if½mS ;pGm½So d nf/
þonfrmS wu,fppfreS af om tjzpfreS f jzpfavonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf þtxufrw S ifjycJo Y nft h wdki;f 'óeorm;rsm;
\tjrif ½So d jl zpfcv YJ sS if ynwfukd y&rwfjzifaY cszsujf cif;udk usL;vGerf nfr[kwaf cs/
b,fvufEiS n Yf mvufukrd odbJ vuf[í l omodaomuav;uJo Y kYd y&rwfukd
omodNyD; ynwfukrd odavaomaMumifo Y m ]]y&rw¬awm e a[w¬yk*a¾ vm
OyvAÇw}d } trSerf mS y&rwftm;jzifY yk*Kd¾ vfukrd &Edkiyf g [lí acsmcf Rwq f k½d mS jcif;
jzpfonf/
orkwo d pöm? y&rw¬opöm? t&d,opöm[laom opömwdo Yk nf tcsi;f csi;f
qefu Y siMf uaom 0da&m"dw&m;rsm; r[kwMf u/ a&maESmMuaom ]orm*rw&m;}
rsm;om jzpfMuayonf/ xdaYk MumifY opömwpfcu k opömwpfcu k kd azsmufzsuaf csrG
ypfaumif;onf[k tjrifrsm; ryGm;rsm;?r½St d yfay/
þtjrifü ,aeY Ak'0¨ g'Drsm; rsm;pGmwdkY a0oDreI 0f g;vSsS uf ½SMd uayonf/
tvGex f if½mS ;aom Ak'0¨ g'Dacgif;aqmifrsm;yif atmufçatmufopömrsm;onf
txufçtxufopömodkY a&mufaomtcg tvdktavsmuf ausaysmufysuq f ;kH
oGm;aMumif; us,u f s,af vmifavmif qlqn l n H H rdeq
Yf kMd uayonf/
xdkyk*Kd¾ vfrsm;onf tenf;i,fuav;rSs atmufarYqifjcifru I kd jyKapcsif
onf/ vlu Y k,d u f siw Yf &m;rSeo f rSsonf orkwo d pöm[laom atmufq;kH opömay:
rSm wnfaqmufMujcif; jzpfonf/ y&rw¬opöm? t&d,opömrsm;a&mufNyDqkNd yD;
orkwo d pömobm0udk ysujf ym;apí odrYk [kwf zsuyf pfí oifaY vsmyf grnfavm¿
OyrmU U U t&d,mjzpfoül t&d,opöma&mufNyDjzpfí orkwo d pöm\trSef
rsm; rrSeaf wmY[q k u kd m olwyg;toufuo kd wfvsS if tjypfr½Sb d aJ eygrnfavm¿
txufopöma&mufaomtcg atmufçatmufopömrsm; rrSeaf wmY[k
qdkvsS if t&d,mtwGuf owfjcif;onf tjypfrjYJ zpfay&monf/ tb,faY MumifY
qdak omf owfvsS it f jypf½o dS nfqakd om t&mrSm orkwo d pömrSsom jzpfaomaMumifY
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
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33
yif/
opömw&m;rsm;onf wpfckEiS w Yf pfck qefu Y siMf uaom 0da&m"dw&m;rsm;
r[kwyf g/ xdaYk MumifY opömwpfco k Ykd a&mufaomtcg opömwpfcak usysuo f mG ;onf
qdkaom t,ltjrifrmS rrSeu f efaom t,ltjrifomjzpfonf/
opömw&m;rsm;onf wpfckEiS w Yf pfck a&maESmaom w&m;wdo kY m jzpfMu
onf/ orm*rjzpfaom w&m;rsm;omjzpfMuonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifY tkww f ku d ?f tkwcf ?J tkwaf jrwdku Y o YJ kYd jzpfonf/ tkwaf jr
onf tkwjf zpfaomtcg tkwaf jrvnf; [kwo f nf? tkwcf v J nf; jzpfonf/ þodYk
a&maESmygonf/ wzef tkwcf o J nf tkww f ku d jf zpfaomtcg tkww f ku
d v f nf;
jzpfonf? tkwcf v J nf;jzpfonf? tkwaf jrvnf;jzpfonf/ þodYk a&maESmoGm;&onf
[kom qdv k ykd gonf/
tkww f kud ?f tkwaf jr ?tkwcf w J u kYd o YJ kYd orkwo d pöm? y&rw¬opöm? t&d,
opömwdu kY kd tpOftwdki;f twljyKtyfonf/
OyrmUUUtkww f ku
d o f nf 0gtBuD;qk;H jzpfonf/tkww f ku d of nf tkwcf rJ sm;
\ tpkta0;omjzpfonf[k racszsut f yfyg/ tkww f ku d u f kd tkwcf pJ kBuD;yJ? ok;H
aqmifrjzpf[k ESv;kH oGi;f ajymqdkusio Yf ;kH aevSsif xdkvo l nf pdwåZaq;½ko H kYd tydckY &H
rnfrSm rvGJraoGqku d af &mufzkdUued ;f ½So d nftk / wcf u J kd tkwaf jrawGb[ J k cH,Nl yD;
tkww f kud rf aqmufbaJ evSsiv f nf; xdkt Y wljzpfygrnf/ xdkaY MumifY tkwcf t J jzpf
zsuíf racsoifyY g/ tkwcf u J kv d nf; tkwaf jr[k xdt kY wl racszsuo f ifyY g/ tkwf
ajrudo k m tkwcf t J jzpfrmS a&maESmíMunfv h u kd Munfo h ifyY gonf/ tkwcf u J v kd nf;
tkww f kud üf a&maESmí Munfv h ku d Munfo h ifyY gonf/
þOyrmü tkwaf jr? tkwcf ?J tkww f u kd wf üYkd tkww f u kd of nf 0gtBuD;qk;H
jzpfonf/ tkwaf jronf 0gti,fq;kH jzpfonf/ tkww f ku d o f nf tkwaf jrvnf;
jzpfonf? tkwcf v J nf; jzpfonf? tkww f u kd v f nf; jzpfonf/ tkww f ukd üf tkwaf jr?
tkwcf rJ sm; vma&mufa&maESmaeygonf/orm*rjzpfaeonf[k qdkvko d nf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
33
34
opömüvnf; y&rw¬opömonf0gti,fqk;H jzpfonf/

yk*Kd¾ vo
f nf orkwo d pömjzpfonf/ yk*v ¾ [laom þorkwo d pömü y&rw¬
opömrsm;jzpfaom ½ky?f a0'em?onmponfrsm; yg0ifa&maESmaeonf/
t&d,opömjzpfaom 'ku?© ork',rsm;üvnf; yk*Kd¾ vrf sm; vma&mufa&m
aESmaeonf/t&d,opömonf 0gtBuD;qkH;jzpfonf/ 0gBuD;aomopömudk
0gi,faomopömwdkjzh ifY racszsupf aumif;ay/
OyrmUU vlEiS bYf ek ;f BuD; jzpfonf/ bke;f BuD;onf bke;f BuD;vnf;jzpf? vlvnf;
jzpf a&maESmaeaomaMumifY vloufoufomjzpfaom vlxuf 0gBuD;onf/ xdo k Ykd
0gBuD;aombke;f BuD;udk vlvnf;jzpfonf[kyif atmufarYí bke;f BuD;tjzpfukd
acszsuNf yD; vlvkt d odtrSwjf yKvSsif oifaY vsmrf nfr[kwaf y/
bke;f BuD;onf vltppftrSejf zpfaomfvnf; xdx k uf0gBuD;aom bke;f BuD;
tjzpf a&mufaeNyDjzpfaomaMumifY 0gi,faom vltjzpfomvsif 0gBuD;aom
bke;f BuD;tjzpfatmufü a&muf½adS &maESm jrKyf0ifae&ayonf/
þtwlyif orkwo d pömonf y&rw¬opömodkY a&mufaomtcg rnfokYd
ausysuo f mG ;onf[k todtrSwjf yKpaumif;onf r[kwaf y/ y&rw¬opömonf
orkwo d pöm[laom 0gBuD;aomopömodakY &mufaomtcg rnfoo kYd uf0ifa&maESm
epfjrKwfomG ;onf[í l ½IMunfo h ifaY yonf/
þ½IMunfeh nf;onf tv,fvrf;oabmw&m;awmfukd udk,w f kid f azmf
xkwaf wmfrcl aYJ om bk&m;oSsiw f \kYd ½IMunfeh nf;yif jzpfonf/
jzpfyGm;aeonfukd jzpfyGm;aeonfhtwdki;f [kwrf Sepf Gm
½IMunfhjcif;onf tv,fvrf;½IMunfhenf; jzpfayonf/
jzpfymG ;aeonfukd qefu Y sibf ufjyK zsuq f ;D acsrNG yD; ½IMunfjh cif;onf
[kwo f nfukd [kwo f nft
h wdki;f ? ½So
d nfukd ½So
d nft h wdki;f ½Ijrifjcif;r[kw/f tu,f
t½St
d jzpfukd rsuEf mS vTí
J udk,½f MI unfch sio f vdk ½IMunfjh cif;omjzpfonf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
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35
yk*¾vpaom orkwo d nf ½ky?f a0'empaom

y&rw¬wkdY\ txG#t f xdyjf zpfyGm;rI jzpfonf/
,if;jzpfymG ;rIukd vufrcHbJ yk*Kd¾ vrf ½S&d ? ½kyçf a0'emponfom½S&d rnf[k
jyKvkyjf cif;onf t½Su d kd t½Std wdki;f ½IMunfjh cif; r[kw/f t½Su d kzd suí f udk,½f I
Munfch sio f vdk ZGwv f kyjf cif;om jzpfonf/xdkt½Su d kd azsmufzsuaf omvrf;onf
txufvrf;jzpfonf/ twåuv d rxvrf;[k qdkvkyd gonf/
t½Su d kad zsmufzsuaf omfvnf; tu,faysmufaomt&m r[kwaf om
aMumifY azsmufoo l nf Nidr;f csr;f rItaysmufc&H ayonf/xdakY MumifY twåuv d rx
vrf; jzpfonf/
rde;f rudk rde;f rr[kw?f ½kyçf a0'emponfrsm;om[k ½IMunfyh gavmY/ xdk
rde;f rü wyfpeG ;f aompdwrf sm; t<uif;rJu Y keaf tmif tusKd ;aus;Zl;rsm; jzpfxeG ;f yg
rnfavm¿ b,fawmYrsS rjzpfxeG ;f Edik af y/ jzpfxeG ;f ovdv k kd jzpfvu kd ?f jyefay:vdu
k f
ESiYf vk;H csmvnfae&ayonf/
xdaYk MumifY þvrf;onf ]twåuv d rxvrf;} odrYk [kwf ]txufvrf;}
jzpfonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf ½kyçf a0'emponfjzifY yk*Kd¾ vu f kd ZGwyf ,fazsmufaeonfh
txufvrf;orm; jzpfonf/ rdvEd t ´ ay:rS þjyóemtwGuf cH,&l ½Sad om
atmifyo JG nf ]w&m;raoaomatmifyJG } jzpfonf/ odkrY [kwf ]rw&m;aom
atmify}GJ jzpfonf/ txufvrf;orm;wdk\ Y vufok;H jzpfaomwuúynmjzifY
vdrv f nfweG ;f qGí J ,lxm;aom atmifyo JG mjzpfaomaMumifY jzpfonf/
½Sief m*aoeaxmufu;kd aom 0ZD&max&Dtm; a[majymaom bk&m;
oSsipf um;awmfonfvnf; olqkv d kad omteuft"dygÜ ,fokYd ouf0ifonfr[kw/f
ouf0ifovdkvkd jzpfaomaMumifY rsuaf pYvnfz, G rf Ssom jzpfonf/ olonf
emrnfü yk*Kd¾ vfukd r&Ekid ?f cE¨mom½SNd yD; yk*Kd¾ vfr½Sad omaMumif[ Y k qdkvkad omfvnf;?
þpum;awmftm; cE¨mxif½mS ;½Sv d sS if owå0gjzpfonf[k qdv k &dk if;jzpfonf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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36
þrSsjzifY emrynwåyd O§majzMum;csurf sm; ok;H oyfcsuo f nf NyD;qk;H csed f

a&mufygNyD/ qufvufíajzqdx k m;aom jyóemrsm;rSmUUUUUU
2/ 0ó*PeyO§m?
3/ 0DroH eyO§m wdkYjzpfMuonf/
jyóemrsm;rSm omoemawmftwGuf ta&;t&ma&mufvo S nf
r[kwaf y/ qufvufíUUU
4/ teEÅum,yO§m twGuf ajzxm;onfjh yóemonfvnf; xif½mS ;vGe;f onf
udk tar;jyKxm;aomjyóem jzpfonf/ xdaYk MumifY þjyóemrsm;\ tajzrsm;ü
vnf; aqG;aEG;ok;H oyfz, G f r½Sad y/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
36
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5/ yAÁZÆyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]bmjzpfvYkd t½Siw f Ykd &[ef;jyKMuovJ¿}}

[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk atmufygtwdik ;f ajzxm;ayonf UUU
]]b,fvakd r;wmvJ rif;BuD;? þqif;&Jrsm;qk;H vSsif aemufqif;&JrjzpfawmY
zdb
Yk ?J ,if;twGu&f [ef;jyKonf/ ]tEkyg'gy&deAd mÁ ef}onf igwd\ kY trGejf rwfq;kH
tusKd ;jzpfonf/}}þodYk ajzayonf/
½Sief m*aoe\ txufygtajzü tydik ;f ESpyf ikd ;f ½So d nf/]]þqif;&Jq;Hk vSsif
aemufqif;&Jrjzpfz}kYd }[lonfrmS wpfykid ;f jzpfonf/]]tekyg'gy&deAd mÁ efonf igwd\ kY
tjrifq Y ;kH tusKd ;bJ}}[lonfrmS aemufwpfykid ;f jzpfonf/
þtajzESpyf ikd ;f onf ESpyf ikd ;f jzpfaomfvnf; teuft"dygÜ ,frmS um; xyfwl
wpfckwnf; jzpfayonf/ a½SUykid ;f tajzonf aemufykid ;f tajz\tzGijYf zpfonf/
aemuftajzonf a½SUtajz\ tbda",sjzpfonf/tajz\teufonf þodkY
xGuaf yonf/
]]þqif;&Jq;Hk vSsif aemufqif;&Jrjzpfz}Ykd } [lonfrmS þb0aovSsif aemif
b0rS aumif;çqd;k ESpw f ef ra0bef? rjzpfçysu&f ef[k jzpfygonf/]]tEkyg'gy&deAd mÁ ef}}
\ teuftw¬rmS vnf; þtwdki;f yif jzpfygonf/
½Sief m*aoe\ &[ef;jyKjcif;tusKd ;rSm aoNyD;aemuf b,fb0?b,fb?Hk
b,fXme?b,fa,med?b,f*wd?b,fowå0gowGirf S rjzpf&awmY&ef[í l jzpfyg
onf/ þtajz rSeu f efygoavm¿&[ef;jyKjcif;onf aemufq;Hk ydwaf ojcif;jzpf&zdYk
[kwyf goavm¿ aemufq;Hk ydwaf ojcif;onf &[ef;wdt Yk wGuf tjrifq Y ;Hk qkvmbf
[kwyf goavm¿
½Sief m*aoetjrifü aemufq;kH ydwaf ojcif;onf edAmÁ efa&mufjcif;jzpf
onf[k ESv;Hk oGi;f ½So d nf/ xdaYk MumifY aemufq;Hk ydwaf o&jcif;udk tjrifq Y ;Hk qkvmbf[k
today;jcif;jzpfonf/
½SifÓP ud,
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f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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38
aemufq;kH ydwaf ojcif;onf edAmÁ efa&mufjcif; [kwyf g\avm¿

edAmÁ ef[o l nf aoNyD;aemufrS jzpfay:vmaomt&m [kwyf g\avm¿
tu,fí [kwv f sS if ,if;edAmÁ efukd tb,fzkv d jf zifq
Y kud af &mufygoenf;¿
edAmÁ eftm½ko H nf r*fçzdkv[ f al om tm&r®Pu d w&m;rsm;ESiuYf if;í jzpf
aumif;onfvnf;r[kw/f aoNyD;aemufrjS zpfay:aomedAmÁ efukd b,fr*fçzdv k of nf
tm½kjH yKavrnfenf;¿
xdkeAd mÁ efonf b,fork',udky,fíjzpfaom edAmÁ efjzpfavoenf;¿
edAmÁ efonf r*¾jzifY 'kuu © kd odjcif;aMumifY jzpfaomw&m; jzpfayonf/
aoNyD;aemufü b,fr*fonf b,foaYkd om'kuu © o
kd jd cif;aMumifY þ edAmÁ efjzpfav
oenf;¿
edAmÁ efonf opö"r®jzpfonf/
opömonf av;yg;½So d nf/'ku?© ork',?eda&m"?r*¾jzpfonf/ ,if;av;yg;
onf wNydKief ufjzpfaom "r®rsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdjYk yifvnf; ,if;av;yg;onf od
pdwEf iS Yf trSwo f nmrsm;½Sad eaom ajctpacgif;tqk;H þwpfvrH sS ud, k \
f twGi;f
rSm jzpfaeaom "r®rsm; jzpfMuonf/
þtaMumif;udk bk&m;½Sio f nf ae&maygif;rsm;pGmü tBudraf ygif;rsm;pGm
a[majymcJo Y nf/ þa[majymcsurf sm; tusKd ;tyJrY ½Sad Mumif;udk ,aeYvnf;
,kwåad A'ynmjzifY axmufuí l &aomt&m jzpfonf/
½Sief m*aoe\ edAmÁ efukd aoNyD;aemufrjS zpfaomt&m[laom t,ltq
rSm cRwcf sKuH sveG ;f vSonf/ txufu qdck aYJ ompnf;rsm;ESiYf enf;enf;rSs udu k n f &D ef
taMumif; r½Sv d jS zpfygonf/
olt Y ,lt&qdkvsif opömav;csuo f nf wNydKifeuf rvnfEkid af wmYyg/
,ckb0rS r*fEiS zYf kv d u f kyd mG ;/aemifb0ü aemufb0rS edAmÁ efjzpf/ þodkY t"dygÜ ,f
a&mufonf/,ckb0 r*fçzdkvyf mG ;pOfvnf; edAmÁ efjzpfcsif jzpfygOD;/ aoNyD;aemuf
jzpfaom edAmÁ eftwGuf wNydKifeufjzpf&aomopömrsm; tb,frmS ½Sad wmYoenf;¿
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
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39
xdjkY yif ½Sief m*aoeonf tu,fí txufuqdkco YJ nft

h wdki;f edAmÁ efukd
aoNyD;aemuf[k r,lqygqdv k sivf nf; tb,fah MumifY tEkyg'gedAmÁ efonf bmrSs
rjzpfaomt&m jzpfonf/ jzpfvsS if 'kua© &mufonf? rjzpfjcif;onf aumif;onf
r[kwyf gavm¿[k qdck siaf umif; qdck siyf gonf/
þtqdt k wGuf rSm;aMumif; ½Sief m*aoe odjrifonfEiS Yf bmrSsrjzpfjcif;
onf aumif;onf-[kqv kd sibf mrSsrjzpfbJ ,if;aumif;jcif;udk rnfoo l rd nfenf;¿
Bud,mrSeo f rSsonf uwåm;ESiYf uif;aumif;onf r[kw/f xdaYk MumifY
aumif;½kaH umif;aeNyD; aumif;oluwåm;r½Sv d sS if xdt
k aumif;onf aumif;onf[l
aomtjzpfoYkd ra&mufEikd /f b,foYkd a&mufrnfenf;¿ þjyóemudk ½Sief m*aoe
qifjcifoifyY gonf/
bk&m;oSsio f nf olw Y ynfw h tYkd m; vluakd usmvf eG í
f ?
rarG; cifu½Scd o YJ avm¿
aoNyD;aemuf ½SOd ;D rnfavm¿
rjzpfawmYNyDavm¿ paom tawG;tac:rsm;udk rawG;ac:bJaewwf
vsi(f t,ltjrifrvGrJ mS ;a&;)[laom oabmw&m;qE´xm;NyD; apmufcsí armif;
ESiaf wmfrcl aYJ yonf/
aoNyD;aemufrS bmrSsrjzpfjcif;udk tBuD;qk;H aomNidr;f at;jcif;[kqkv d sif
xdkNidr;f at;jcif;udk bk&m;oSsio f nf b,fvkt d odtrSwjf yKcJoY enf;¿ ½Sief m*aoe
aum xdkNidr;f at;jcif;udk b,ftrnfonmESiYf azmfxkwrf nfenf;¿
tu,fpifppf aoNyD;aemufbmrSsrjzpfawmYonfudk tjrifY
qkH;qkvmbftjzpf todtjrifxm;jcif;onf ]]0db0wPSm}}
[laom b0aemufxyfrjzpfjcif;jzpfaom pdwf\qmavmif
jcif;? pdwåZjzpfaejcif;yif jzpfygonf/
[kwyf gonf/ 0db0wPSmqdo k nfrmS b0aemufxyfrjzpfjcif;ü ed'gef;
pum;onf b0wPSmudk nTeMf um;aejcif;jzpfí wufwufpifatmif vGrJ mS ;ae
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
39
40
aom trSm;BuD;jzpfygonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf þtrSm;udk rSm;rSe;f rod jzpfaeygonf/ ,if;trSm;
udok jd rif&efrmS txufvrf;ü rsuv f ;Hk r½Syd g/ tv,fvrf;üom rsuv f ;Hk ½Syd gonf/
tv,fvrf;onf 'kuE© iS o Yf rk, qufo, G yf ?kH ork',½Sí d 'ku½© ydS ?kH ork',rJí Y
'kur© yYJ kt
H m;jzifY vltY ½Sud kd t½Std wdki;f jrifatmifMunfah omvrf; jzpfonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf vlukad usmaf wG;orm;jzpfí 0db0wPSm\ taESmifY
t,Suf tyl;0ifukcd &H jcif;ü rodjcif;jzpfygonf/ tu,fí vlukd vltwdki;f jrif
atmif odrkY [kwf vlukd aemufb0u b,fvkv d kycf YJ ,ckb,fvkjd zpfaeonf? ,ck
b,fvkv d kyaf evsif aemifb,fvkjd zpfvrd OYf ;D rnf-þodkY awG;ac:p&mr½Sad tmif
vlukjd rifwwfvsif 0db0wPSmonf ½Sief m*aoeü ½dki;f ½dki;f pdki;f pdki;f tyl;0ifc&H zdkY
taMumif; r½Sad y/
þodjkY rif&efvnf; vljzpforSst&mwdki;f onf þvlrmS jzpfjcif;udk rsu0f g;
xifxif½jI rifzkYd vdkygonf/ þodjkY rif&efvnf; vljzpforSst&mwdki;f ü vlvcl si;f udk
vnf;aumif;? vlvyk o f rSst&mwdik ;f ü vlrmS jzpfjcif;udv k nf;aumif;? rsu0f g;xifxif
½IjrifzkUd vdktyfygonf/
þrSsjzifY ½Sief m*aoe\ yAÁZyO§mtajz rSeu f efjcif;r½S?d cRwNf cKu H satmif
rSm;,Gi;f ykH a0zefo;kH oyfcsuf jynfph o kH ifyY gNyD/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
40
41
6/ y#doEÿd O§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]aoNyD;aemuf y#doaE¨raeol wpfpkH

wpfO;D ½So d avm¿}}[laom rdvEd j´ yóemudk atmufygtwdki;f ajzayonf/
]]wcsKUd aeonf? wcsKd Urae}}[lí jzpfonf/
rdvEd o ´ nf þtajzudk oifjY rwfygayonf[k qdkayrnf/ tu,f
oifjY rwfaomtajz [kwyf g\avm¿þjyóemonf bk&m;oSsiv f ufxuftcg
u bk&m;oSsit f m; t*d0¾ pä? rmvkusykwåpolwakYd r;Muaom jyóemtcsKUd EiS Yf
wlayonf/ ,if;rSmÞ
]]Ak't ¨ oSsibf k&m;UU owå0gaoNyD;aemuf rjzpfawmYygrnfavm¿}}
[laomjyóem jzpfonf/ þjyóemudk bk&m;oSsio f nf Þ
]]e a[0H}}[líom ajzayonf/
]]onfvkd igwdrYk ,lqbl;}}[líajzMum;jcif; jzpfayonf/
½Sief m*aoe\tajzonf jyóemwlygvSsuf bk&m;oSsiEf iS Yf tajzrwl
jzpfaeygonf/ bk&m;oSsio f nf ½Sief m*aoe\ tajzrsKd ;udk,o l tl m; bGUJ ay;yg
onf/ ,if;onf ]]{upöoów0g'D}}[lí jzpfonf/ owå0gaoNy;D wcsKUd jzpf
onf?wcsKUd rjzpf[, l ol o
l nf? wcsKd Ujzpf[, k ol rm;({upöoów0g'D)jzpfonf/
þodkY bGUJ ay;ygonf/
½Sief m*aoe\tajzonf {upöoóworm;rsm;\ tqdkEiS Yf b,f
odjYk cm;em;rI½o dS enf;¿ tvk;H pkH xyfwu l sonf r[kwyf gavm¿þtqdu k akd ½Smifv&JT ef
½Sief m*aoeonfatmufygtwdik ;f BudK;pm;aumif; BudK;pm;Edik yf grnf/
]]oówçOapä'jzpfonfqo kd nfrmS b,foUkd ,lryS g?b,fo, Ykd v
l sif rjzpf
yg/ igwdo Yk nf y&rw¬obm0\ rSeu f efaom trSew f &m;rsm;udjk rifNyD; ajymaejcif;
jzpfonf/ xdakY MumifY igwdükY 'd|t d jzpf[í l rjzpfEkid yf g}}[líjzpfonf/
y&rwfenf;tm;jzifY auGUauGUaumufaumufvkyNf yD; olrsm;,kcH siv f m
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
41
42
atmif vSrd í Yf vSní hf jzpfaumif;jzpfayrnf/ ,if;y&rwfrsuv f nS o hf nf vSnjhf yol

wdt
Yk m; t,ko H iG ;f Edik rf nf r[kwaf y/ tu,fíom y&rwfrsuv f nS jhf zifY vSnjhf yol
udk,w f kid uf kd t,ko H iG ;f Edkio f nfqkv d sif aemufb0?aemifb0rsm;ESiYf ,ckb0\
wpfaumifwnf;tjzpfrS vGwaf tmif a&wGuEf kid &f monf/
þodkY a&wGuEf kid v f siv
f nf; aemifjzpfrnfw h pfaumiftwGuf ,ckt
aumifü pdk;aESmifAY smyg'ryGm;bJ aeEdkiw f ef&monf/ þodakY evsiv f nf; þwpf
aumiftwGuf tusKd ;rrsm;aom aumif;onfukad qmifí? raumif;onfukd
a½Smifjcif;rsm;udk rjyKbJ at;at;ae&monf/
y&rwfrsuv f nS jhf zifY 'd|v d w
G af tmif vSnjhf yolrsm;onf þodrkY jyKbJ
aeEdkiMf uygoavm¿þvkyif ef;ü xdkolwkdYonf ysm,mtcwfqkH;? tuJqkH;
jzpfMuayonf/ xdkYaMumifY olwkdYrsuv f Snho
f nf olwkdYtwGuf vSnhjf yEdkiaf om
rsuv f n S rhf sm;r[kwo f nfrmS xif½mS ;vSayonf/
]aoNyD;aemufjzpfjcif;? rjzpfjcif;? tcsKd UjzpfíçtcsKd Urjzpfjcif;}paom
t,lrsm;onf t,lrmS ;?rdpäm'd|rd sm;csn;f jzpfygonf/ oów'd|?d Oapä''d|?d
{upöoów'd|[ d í l tpOftwdki;f trnf½adS om t,lrmS ;rdpäm'd|rd sm; jzpfMu
ygonf/
xd'k |d rd sm;vGw&f ef BuHqjcif;jzifY &Edik jf cif;r½Syd g/ y&rwfenf;tm;jzifY ok;H oyf
orm;onf BuHqjcif;enf;rsm;xJrS wpfenf;omjzpfygonf/ BuHqcsurf eS o f rSsü
tppftrSet f ½Srd sm;ESiYf tenf;ESit Yf rsm;qdkovdkyif uGm[vSsuyf if ½Syd gonf/
avmuü vrf;ok;H oG,½f o dS nfÞ

(1) olrsm;udk ½Si;f jyíom&NyD;?udk,w f kid jf zpfatmif vkyrf &aomvrf;?
(2) ud,k w
f ikd jf zpfatmif vkyíf om&NyD;?olrsm;udk ½Si;f jyír&aomvrf;?
(3) udk,w f kid v f nf; vkyíf &NyD;?olrsm;vnf; ½Si;f jyEdkiaf omvrf; [lí
½So
d nf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
42
43
yXrvrf;rSm ]txufvrf;}jzpfí y&rw¬0g'Drsm;onf olrsm;½Si;f oGm;&ef

b0udk ykaH zmfíjywwfayonf/odkaY omf rdryd kaH zmfxm;aomb0udkrl udk,w f kid f
wnfaqmufír& jzpfaeayonf/ olwo Ykd nf txufvrf;orm;rsm; jzpfMuonf/
]ajymíomjzpfNyD;? vkyí f r&aomvrf;} jzpfonf[k qdkvko d nf/
'kw, d vrf;rSm ]atmufvrf;}jzpfonf/ atmufvrf;rSm (umr*kP)f
tm½kiH g;yg;ü epfreG ;f jrKyf0ifaeolrsm; jzpfonf/ þvrf;ay:rSvrl sm;onf vkyí f
jzpfí&aomfvnf; olwyg;tm; ½Si;f jyír&olrsm; jzpfMuonf/olw-kYd vSonfqkd
aomt&m? aumif;onfqkad omt&mrsm;onf olwu kYd k,
d w
f kid üf rl wu,fjzpfae
onf/ xdkjzpfaeonfrsm;udk olwyg;em;vnf&ef½iS ;f jyjcif;ürl jzpfEkid jf cif;r½Sd
jzpfaeonf/ xdkorl sm;onf ]vkyí f om&NyD;?ajymír&aomvrf;} ½So d [l k qd&k
ygrnf/
aemufq;Hk vrf;um; ]tv,fvrf; } jzpfonf/ tv,fvrf;orm;onf
olvkyí f jzpfonfukd ajymonf/ olajymonfrsm;rSmvnf; vkyí f jzpfonfcsn;f yif
jzpfonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf ol\y&rw¬0g'ESiYf txufvrf;rS avSsmufaeol
jzpfonf/olonf olrsm;em;vnfatmifom ajymíjzpfNyD;? udk,w f kid rf l tu,f
vkyí f r&ay/ xdkorkYd [kwb f J olajymonft h wdki;f vkyí f &ygvsif a½SUb0?aemuf
b0rsm;twGuf wpd;k wpdrsS aMumifMY uAsmygrjzpfbJ olaeEdik &f ayrnf/ ol &[ef;
jyKaejcif;onfyif aemufb0jzpfrnfukd tpdk;aESmifBY uD;pdk;aESmifí Y [k wpfae&mü
½Scd NYJ yD;jzpfonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf qdkcNYJ yD;aomtaMumif;t&mrsm;t& txufvrf;o

rm; jzpfonfrSm aocsmvSonf/xdkokdYjzpfaomaMumifY jyóem\tajzü
tv,fvrf;rS<uawmfral om bk&m;oSsiEf iS Yf tajzjcif;rwl uGjJ ym;jcm;em;ae&jcif;
jzpfonf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
43
44
þodu Yk v JG o
JG nfukd odjrifEikd v f sS uf tb,fah MumifY þtajzrsKd ;udk ½Sief m*
aoe ajzavoenf;¿ þodpYk Of;pm;zG,jf zpfonf/ atmufygtwdik ;f awGUEikd yf g
onf/
½Sief m*aoeonf þtajzudkajzqdk&ef y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fa'oemudk tm;udk;
ygonf/
wPSmaMumifY Oyg'gefjzpf/Oyg'gefaMumifY b0jzpf/
b0aMumifY Zmwdjzpfaom w&m;awmfukn d eT ;f í ajzonf/
þtajzonf þ&nfneT ;f csuaf 'oemESiYf nDnw G yf goavm¿
nDnw G o f nf[k xifjrifp&maumif;vSonf/ tb,fah Mumifq Y kad omf
Zmwd\ tbda",st&aumuf teuftw¬onfy#doaE¨jzpfonf[k rjrifatmif
rwwfEkid af omaMumifY jzpfonf/
þtaumufonf b,fvt kd rSm;rsm;½Sod enf;¿[k ar;oifo Y nf/þ
trSm;onf xifjrifEikd cf aJ omtrSm; jzpfygonf/ xdaYk MumifY þtrSm;udak zmfjy&efrmS
tzufzufrv S n S yhf wfí tEkpw d f a0zefMunf½h zI kYd tcsed t f m;? tvkyt f m;rsm;
vdv
k yS gonf/ ,if;ud½k MI unfv h u kd ½IMunfq h ifjcifEikd &f ef taMumif;tcsuf t>rufrsS
udk aqG;aEG;&ygrnf/
y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fpuf&[wfonf wpfb0rSm wpfywf\wpf0uf odrkY [kwf
wpfywf0ufomvnfoavm¿ xdo k rYkd [kwv f sivf nf; xdx k uftqaygif;rsm;pGm
vnfoifo Y avm¿[líjzpfonf/
tb,fah MumifY þjyóemudkazmfxkw&f oenf;qdkaomf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f
puf&[wfukd wpfb0ü wpfywforYkd [kwf wpfywf0ufomvnfonf[k qdEk ikd yf grS
Zmwdt&udak umuf,&l mü y#doaEükd aumuf,&l rnf jzpfonft h wGuf jzpfonf/
y#dpöorkyÜg'fpuf&[wfukd wpfb0twGi;f ü ra&rwGuf
Edkiaf tmif tywfaygif;rsm;pGmvnfvSsiu f m; Zmwdt& y#d
oaEüdk aumuf,l&efrjzpfEdkifawmY/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
44
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xdakY MumifY þjyóemudk azmfxkw&f onf/

þjyóemudk b,foaYkd jzMurnfenf;¿
,ckb0rwdkirf jD zpfaom twdwb f 0u uH?udavomrsm;aMumifY ,ck
b0jzpfonf/y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fü tvTmav;vTm½So d nfth euf twdwb f 0rS uH?udav
omrsm;onf tvTmwpfcjk zpfonf/,ckb0onf tvTmwpfck jzpfonf/þtvTm
ESpcf -k tpyfwpfco k nf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fpuf&[wf\ wpfywforYkd [kwf wpfywf0uf
jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifY wpfb0í y#dpöorkyÜg'fpuf&[wf wpfywf odkYr[kwf
wpfywf0ufom vnfonf/ þodakY jzvdku ajz&zd½kY o dS nf/
rarG;rDb0rsm;u uH?udavomrsm;aMumifY þb0ü 0dyguf(½kyçf emrf)rsm;
jzpfay:vm&onf[k t,ltq½Sv d sif wpfb0ü y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fpuf&[wf wpfywf
odkrY [kwf wpfywf0ufomvnfonf[k trSeyf ifqk&d rnfjzpfonf/
xdjYk yifvnf; aomuponfwo Ykd nf y#dpo
ö rkygÜ 'ft*Fgw&m;yif r[kwyf g/
xdaYk Mumifv Y nf; aomuponf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f\ y0wåw d &m; rjzpfEikd yf g/y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f
y0wåw d &m;xdu k af om w&m;ud½k mS vsif tu,fü r&Edik yf g/tvTmav;vTm ½So d nfh
teuf ypöKyÜet f usKd ;tvTmonf y0wåt d &udk r&t&,lvsS if ,l&rnfw h &m;jzpf&
zdYk ½Syd gonf/
þypöKyeÜ t f usKd ;tvTmw&m;jzpfaom 0dnmPf? emrfç½kypf onfrsm;onf
odrYk [kwf 0dnmPf?emrfç½kypf onfw\ Ykd jzpfçwnfçysut f jzpfrsm;onf y0wå, d &l ef
tu,foifo Y nf r[kwyf g/ tusKd ;aygif;qufrsm;pGmudk vufcEH ikd af om y0wård sKd ;
rjzpfEkid af omaMumifY roifjY cif; jzpfygonf/
,if;ypöKyeÜ t f usKd ;tvTmonf jzpfçwnfçysurf sS yif umv½Snv f sS m;ygrnf/
xdkjY yif y0wdåonf jzpfEiS yYf suyf g&bdkY taMumif;r½Syd g/jzpf-onf Zmwdjzpf&zdkEY iS Yf
ysu-f onf r&Pjzpf&zdrYk sm; <uif;use&f OD;rnf jzpfonf/ xdaYk MumifY y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f
puf&[wfü y0wåt d cgudk auseyfavmufatmif ½SmazGír&Ekid b f J ½S&d mygonf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
45
46
uH?udavomrsm;onf y0wåu d sKd ;? y#doaEüsKd ;-þodYk ESprf sKd ;aomtusKd ;udk

ay;&ef tcGirYf sm;½So d nfqkjd cif;rSm tjrifr½Si;f bJ qdkxm;cJaY omtqdk jzpf&zdkY ao
csmygonf/ rnfoq Ykd akd omf y0wåpd um;vk;H onf toGio f P²mefjy ynwåpd um;
vk;H rSs jzpfygawmYonf/,if;onf pum;vk;H udk y&rwfpum;vk;H jzifaY &mvSsuf (0g)
y&rwfukd ynwfjzifrY w S v
f sS ux
f m;jcif;wdaYk MumifY jzpfygonf/ xdaYk MumifyY ifÞ
y#doaEüsKd ;ay;aom uH?udavomu wpfrsKd ;?
y0wåu d sKd ;udkay;aom uH?udavomu wpfrsKd ;/ y#doaEüsKd ;ay;aom
uH?udavomonf y#doaEüsKd ;ay;Ny;D vSsif Ny;D ap? y0wåu d sKd ;ay;aom uH?udavom
onf y0wåu d sKd ;udk ay;ap/þodkY tjzpfrsm; r½SEd kid yf g/
þtqdu k rkd auseyfvsS if y0wå[ d al omw&m;udk w&m;0ifatmif wifjy
Edik zf Ykd BudK;pm;oifyY gonf/ þodBYk udK;pm;írjzpfyv Hk nf; aqG;aEG;cJNY yD; jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifY wpfb0ü uH?udavomonf rsuaf pYwpfrw Sd tf wGi;f ü
a&wGuí f rvG,af tmif rsm;pGmjzpfonf/ y#doaEönf wpfb0 wpfcgom
jzpfonf/ xdkaY MumifY uH?udavomtrsm;tjym;yif vlwküYd ydkvsS aH eay&monf/
þodq kY kvd sS if aemufq;kH ü uH?udavomrsm; tv[ó aysmufq;kH
uke&f monf/ þodjYk zpfoifyY goavm¿jzpfciG ½Yf ydS goavm¿[kqv kd &kd if;jzpfonf/
]ta[modu}H [lonf ½Syd gonf?xdakY MumifY þodrkY jzpfEkid [ f í l qdk&onf
r[kwyf gavm¿ þodYk jyefvnfar;Edik yf gonf/
y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fonf b0\ykpH yH if jzpfygonf/ þb0ykpH üH ta[moduH
\ae&mudk ½SmazGwifjyapcsiyf gonf/ tu,fí jyEdik v f sS iu f m; ta[moduo H m
tcdkit f rmwnfygap? wnf½adS omt&m trSejf zpfrnf[k qdkvkyd gonf/
y#dpoö rkygÜ 'fü ]]udavomaMumif-Y uH/ uHaMumif-Y 0dyguf/ 0dygufaMumif-Y
udavom}}/ wzef ]]udavomaMumif-Y uH}}/ þodYk w&pfywfywf wcsmvnfvnf
ae&mü udavom twdik ;f twmtwdik ;f uHjzpfonf/ þtajzonf tjypfuif;
pifaomtajz r[kwyf gavm¿þodaYk r;zG,½f ydS gonf/ þtajzudk tjypfuif;pif
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
46
47
onf[k qdkEkid &f ef atmufygtar;udk 0efcEH kid zf kYd vdkonf/ xdktar;rSmÞ

]]rarG;rDb0u qnf;yl;cJaY om uHEiS u Yf ad vomonf wpfckwnf;om
jzpfoavm¿}}[lí jzpfonf/
xdktar;onf [kwo f nf-[k 0efcí H rjzpfaomtar; jzpfonf/
uH?udavomonf rsuaf pYwpfrw dS t f wGi;f rSmyif a&wGuí f rvG,Ef kid f
atmif rsm;jym;pGmjzpfaeonfrsm; xif½mS ;vSaomaMumifY jzpfonf/
y#dpoö rkygÜ 'fpufü uH?udavom½Sv d sS if 0dyguf(½kyçf emrf)jzpfNrJ jzpfonf/
uH?udavomwpfcsujf zpfvsS if b0wpfcsuf jzpfonf/ b0rjzpfbJ odrYk [kwf 0dyguf
(½kyçf emrf)rjzpfbJ uH?udavomjzpfonf[í l 4if;? ,if;uH?udavomonf
aemiftcg ESp?f v ra&wGuEf ikd af omtcgü 0dyguf(½kyçf emrf)b0rsm;jzpf&ef ikyv f sS Kd ;
aeonf[í l 4if; tu,fü jzpfciG v Yf k;H 0r½Sad y/
jzpfciG ½Yf o dS nf[kqkv d sS if ikyv f sS Kd ;jcif;ESiYf jyefvnfay:xGe;f jzpfymG ;jcif;wdt kY
Mum; qufo, G [ f efukad zmfxkwjf y&ef wm0ef,El kid &f ayrnf/ þwm0efonf
rnforl sS r,lEkid af omwm0ef jzpfonf/ xdakY MumifY 0dyguf(½kyef mrf)b0udkrjzpfap
aom uH?udavomrsm; tu,fjzpfciG rYf ½S[ d k em;vnf&rnf/
þodq Yk v kd sS if wpfb0ü uH?udavomrsm; trsm;tjym;jzpfvsS uf y#doaE¨
rlum; wpfb0ü wpfcsuo f mjzpfonf[q k v kd sS if uH?udavomrsm;onf rsm;pGm
ra&wGuEf kid af tmifyif ydkvsS aH eay&monf/
þae&mü jyefvnfacsyp&m ½Syd gonf/ uH?udavomwdik ;f onf y#doaE¨
usKd ;udk ay;onfr[kw?f y0wåu d sKd ;udkay;onfrsm;vnf; ½Sad o;onf/xdakY MumifY
uH?udavomrsm; ydkonf[kqkzd , G rf ½S[ d í l jzpfygonf/
y0wå[ d o l nfrmS tb,ft&mjzpfygoenf;¿
þodjkY yefvnfaqG;aEG;&ygrnf/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fpuf&[wfü y0wå[ d ol nf
tb,ft*Fgrsm; jzpfygoenf;¿Z&m[laomt*Fgonf y0wåjd zpfoavm¿ [kw\ f
[kajzvSsiv f nf; rawmf/ tb,faY Mumifq Y v kd sS if Z&monf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fpuf&[wfü
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
47
48
t*Fgwpfyg;jynfjh ynf½h adS omt&m rxdu k af omaMumifY jzpfonf/ Z&monf r&PESiYf

zufNyD;rSom t*Fgwpfyg;udk ydkiq f kid o
f nf/ xdakY MumifY Z&monf ½SnMf umav;jrifY
&yfwnfNyD; y0wåw d m0ef,&l ef rjzpfEkid yf g/
rsm;pGmaomynm½Sirf sm;onf Z&mudk todyifrvkycf siMf u? r&Pudo k m
todvyk Mf uygonf/ þtajzudk rausrjcrf; ½Sad umif;½SEd ikd yf gonf/tb,faY MumifY
qdkaomf aomu?y&da'0paomw&m; vlü trSejf zpfonf/ þw&m;rsm;onf
y0wård ½Sv d sS if odrYk [kwf y0wå[ d w
k [f w k jf im;jim; t*Fgwpfyg;tjzpf r&yfwnfEikd v f sS if
b,fojkYd zpfaeoenf;¿ þ rajyrvnfcsuf ½SEd kid af omaMumifY jzpfonf/
aomuponfrsm;onf y0wåt d ay:ü &yfwnfvsS ujf zpfonf[kqk&d ef
taMumif; vk;H 0rJyY gonf/ aomuponfonf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fpuf&[wf r[kwyf g/
,if;puf&[wf\ toGio f P²mefom jzpfonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifY puf0ikd ;f jym;wpfjym;ay:ü tuefaY jcmufuefY odrYk [kwf q,fY
ESpu
f efjY yKí wpfuefv Y sS if ta&mifwpfck oGi;f &ygrnf/ NyD;vSsif xdkpuf0kid ;f udk
rTwaf e&ef vSn&hf ygrnf/ vnfaeaomtcg tb,ft&mudk jrif&rnfenf;¿/
xdkpuf0kid ;f ü ajcmufa&mif? q,fEY pS af &mifygaomfvnf; jrefpmG vnfaomtcg
tjzLa&mifwpfa&mifwnf;udkom jrifMu&rnf/
tjzLa&mifonf b,ftuefaY y:ü &yfwnfoenf;¿ b,ftuefaY y:ürSs
&yfwnfonf r[kwaf y/ tjzLa&mifonf puf0ikd ;f vnfaejcif;\ tusKd ;oufouf
om jzpfayonf/ xdt kY wl aomuonfvnf; tjzLa&mifuo YJ kYd jzpfonf/ y#dpö
orkygÜ 'f puf&[wfvnfaejcif;\ pkaygif;tusKd ;qufom jzpfonf/
]udavomi,fí uHBuD;onf[lí4if;? udavomBuD;í
uHi,fonf[lí4if; tvsO;f r½S/d xdkYaMumifY udavom
onf uHukdjzpfap&mü tvdkvnf;r½S?d tydkvnf;r½Sad y/
xdkYtwl uHonf 0dygufukdjzpfap&müvnf; tydktvdkr½Sd
jzpf&ayonf/}
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
48
49
xdaYk MumifÞ
Y
]y#dpöorkyÜg'f wpfywfvnfonfqkdvSsif olYuad vomESiYf
ol xdkufwefaom uH? xdkuHESifYxdkufwefaom 0dygufrsm;
tnDtnGwf jzpfMuí udavomvdkçudavomydkESiYf uHykdç
uHvkdrsm; tvsO;f yif r½Iwaf y/}
ta[moduu H m; uHaMumifY 0dygufjzpf&mü uHrsm;jzpfaomaMumifY uHvuf
userf sm; ydak eonf/ xdv k ufuserf sm; wpfcsed üf jzpfrnfjzpfaomfvnf; owå0gqk;H
oGm;aomaMumifY rjzpfvku d &f bJ tvdktavsmuf taysmufq;kH tysujf ym;cH&
aomuH jzpfonf/ þodkaY omuHonf ½SEd kid yf goavm¿
y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fqkad om b0oHo&m\ykpH üH tvsO;f yif ae&mr½Sad y/ xdkY
aMumifY uH?udavomrsm; aysmufq;kH onf[o l nfvnf; vk;H 0jzpfciG Yf r½Sad y/
þrSswifjycJNY yD;aom taMumif;tcsurf sm;t& y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fpuf&[wf
onf arG;onfraS oonftxd wpfb0twGi;f ü wpfywf odrYk [kwf wpfywf0uf
omvnfoavm¿[laom jyóemudk ajyvnfoifNY yD xifygonf/
]y#dpöorkyÜg'fpuf&[wfonf arG;rSaotwGi;f wpfb0ü
wpfywf odkYr[kwf wpfywf0ufomvnfonfrSm tvsO;f
r[kwEf kdiyf g/ rsuaf pYwpfrSw d t
f wGi;f rSmyif ra&wGuEf kdif
avmufatmif w&pfywfywf wcsmvnfvnf vnfaeyg
onf/}
þodkjY zpfvsS if Zmwdt&udk trd0rf;ydkut f wGi;f ü tpqk;H jzpfay:jcif;\
tcsed yf kid ;f uav;jzpfonf[k tb,fokYd aumuf,El kid rf nfenf;¿
þodkY raumuf,El kid v f sS if Zmwd\teuf tw¬tbda",sukd y#doaE¨
jzpfonf[k tb,fov kYd sif aumuf,El kid af wmYrnfenf;¿
Zmwdukd y#doaE¨[k aumuf,jl cif;onf 'óeorm;wd\ Yk aumuf,l
csurf jzpfEikd /f wuúorm;wd\ Yk aumuf,cl suo f m jzpf&ayrnf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
49
50
'óeorm;wdo kY nf tu,f½adS eaom oabmw&m;wd\ kY qufpyfykH

udjk rifí qdo k nf/ wuúorm;wdu Yk m; xdw k u,fjzpfçysuaf eaom rSww f rf;rSwv f mT
rsm;udk uvm;zeftrsKd ;rsKd ;xdk;í rdrd jzpfay:apcsiaf omykH ay:vmatmif vkyí f
qdkonf/
[kwyf gonf/ Zmwdukd y#doaE¨jzpfonf[k aumufEkid &f ef ynwfEiS Yf
y&rwfukd a&marTygonf/ ynwfvm;¿ppfaq;vSsif y&rwfx0J ifaevdku?f
y&rwfvm;¿ppfaq;vSsS if ynwfx0J ifaevdu k /f þodYk vkyo f nf/þodv Yk yk o
f nf
qdok nfrmS vnf; vkyrf nf[k vkyjf cif;r[kwyf g/rodívkyjf cif; jzpfygonf/ ynwf
ESiyYf &rwf qufpyf[efukd rodjcif;aMumifo Y m jzpfonf/ xdaYk MumifY y&rwfaumuf
&mü ynwftwGi;f 0ifonfrsm; 0ifjcif;jzpfaeonf/
NyD;cJaY omtaMumif;rsm;aMumifY ½Sief m*aoeonf bk&m;oSsi\ f wynfh
om0uyifjzpfaomfvnf; teuft"dyÜg,fwlnDaom jyóemwpfcktwGuf
bk&m;oSsiaf jzMum;onfEiS Yf qefu Y sií f ajzjcif; jzpfygonf/
bk&m;oSsio f nf jyóemü tv,fvrf;rS <uoGm;awmfral omfvnf;
½Sief m*aoerlum; txufvrf;rS<ubdBYk udK;pm;vSsuf tv,fvrf;udk tvsO;f rjrif
aomaMumifY {upöoów[laom txufvrf;udk tv,fvrf;trSwjf zifY
vSr;f <uavonf/
aoNyD;aemuf rjzpfaomowå0g wpfpw Hk pfa,muf½ydS goavm¿
þtar;onf rajzoifaY omjyóem jzpfonf/ tar;½Sv d sS if tajz½So d ifY
onfr[kwv f m;¿ vlukd ausmof mG ;cJNY yD;onfjh yóemjzpfonft h wGuf tajzonf
r½SEd kid af omaMumifY jzpfonf/
(þtaMumif;udk a½SUü tus,w f 0HaY &;zdkY ½Syd gao;onf)
þrSsjzifY þy#doaE¨jyóemtajztay:ok;H oyfcsuf ed*;kH csKyfygrnf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
50
51
7/ a,medaomreodum&yO§m
þjyóemü rlu½JG adS eygonf/q|oH*g,emrlüUUUUUU

]]t½Sief m*aoeÞy#doaEäeolonf a,medaomreodum&aMumifY
y#doaE¨ raeonfr[kwyf gavm¿}}[k jrefrmjyefü tar;½Syd gonf/ ygVdüvnf;Þ
]]baEÅ em*aoeÞ
a,m ey#doE´[wd? eEkaom a,medaomreoduma&e
ey#doE´[wd}}[k4if; tar;½Syd gonf/
1227ckEpS uf 'gefw Y ikd q
f &mawmf ½Si*f P
k mvuFm&q&mawmf\ jrefrm
jyefü tar;rSmUUUUUU
]]½Sief m*aoeÞ y#doaEäeolonf a,medaomreodum&jzifY y#doaE¨
aeoavm¿}}[lí jzpfaeonf/ q&mawmf½aI omygVdü ]]e}}[laomtu©&m rawGU
½S&d bJ jzpfae[efwo l nf/
]] a,m y#doE´[wd? eEkaom a,medaomreoduma&e
y#doE´[wd}} þodYk tar;ygVd ½Sad e[efwyl gonf/
q|oH*g,emrlum; urÇmESicYf sí D nSx
d m;aomrljzpfí 'gefw Y ikd q
f &mawmfrl
udk rlrmS ;[k rSw&f ygonf/xdkokjYd zpfaomfvnf; y#doaE¨raejcif;\taMumif;udk
ar;onfxuf? y#doaEäejcif;\ tajctaeukad r;onfu ydkro kd ifaY vsmo f vdk
½Sad yonf/ xdaYk MumifY 'gefw
Y ikd q
f &mawmfrvl nf; pOf;pm;zG,af umif;aomrl jzpfonf/
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf UUU
]a,medaomreodum&aMumif4Y if;? ynmaMumif4Y if;? tjcm;ukov kd rf sm;
aMumif4Y if; y#doaE¨rae}[k ajzMum;ayonf/
þtajzonf oifjY rwfoavm¿[laomtar;\tajzudk ajymqdk&ef
r½SNd yD[k xifygonf/ atmufwiG af jzcJNY yD;aom y#doaEÿO§mygpum;rsm;twGi;f
tBuK;H 0ifNyD; jzpfygonf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
51
52
y#doaE¨raeol[al om tar;onfyifvsS if vluakd usmaf wG;xm;aom

tar; jzpfonf/ xdkou l kd tcdkit
f rmwnfwaHh pNyD; ar;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
y#doaE¨jyóemjzpfaom qdkcNYJ yD;aomjyóemü þt,ltqrjzpfEkid af Mumif;
tjynft h pkH jiif;qdkcyYJ gNyD/
xdkaY MumifY þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoe\tajztwGuf wzefxyfí
oifçY roifaY 0zefp&mr½SNd yD/ xdaYk MumifY þtar;onf taMumif;r[kwaf omtar;
[líyif owfrw S &f rnfth ar; jzpfygonf/xdjkY yifUUUUUU
8/ reodum&vu©PyO§m?
9/ oDvvu©PyO§m?
10/ orÜom'evu©Po'¨gyO§m?
11/ orÜu©Eévu©Po'¨gyO§m?
12/ 0D&d,vu©PyO§m?
13/ owdvu©PyO§m?
14/ orm"dvu©PyO§m?
15/ ynmvu©PyO§m?
16/ emem"r®meH{uudpötbdedyæm'eyO§m/
þjyóemrsm;onf tv,fvrf;t,ltqudk,&l mü tusKd ;rsm;pGm
jzpfxeG ;f apEkid of nf r[kwaf y/xkaYd MumifY þjyóemrsm;udk ausmcf NYJ yD jzpfygonf/
r[m0*¾NyD;\/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
52
53
rdvEd y´ O§m
t'g̈e0*¾
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
53
54
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
54
55
2/ t'¨ge0*¾
1/ "r®oEÅwyd O§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]y#doaE¨tm;jzifY b0opfüjzpfay:

aomolonfa½S;b0uolavm¿odrYk [kwt f jcm;olavm¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;
udk ]]a½S;olvnf; r[kw?f tjcm;olvnf; r[kw}f }[k ajzayonf/
þtar;ESiþ Yf tajzonf tv,fvrf;orm;rsm; bmrSs0if rpGuo f ifY
aom tar;ESit Yf ajz jzpfonf/ tb,faY Mumifq Y kad omf taMumif;r[kwo f nfü
ar;ajzxm;aomaMumifY jzpfonf/ wpfenf;vnf; þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf
]]tMuifoo l nf jzpfq?J xdo k o l nf xdo k yl ifavm¿ odrYk [kwf wjcm;avm¿ (a,m
OyZÆw?d aom {0 aomç O'g[k tanm¿)[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]xdo k vl nf;
r[kw?f wjcm;olvnf;r[kw}f } (e p aomç e p tanm)[k ajzayonf/
qufíjyqdkaom Oyrmrsm;udkaxmufvsif þjyefqkcd suo f nfom
oifjY rwfayonf/ qdkvko d nfrmS ]]toufEpS q f ,ft½G,o f nf toufEpS q f ,f
vli,fyifavm¿ q,fu h k;d ESprf aS tmuf jzpfcaYJ omvli,fEiS Yf wjcm;pDavm¿}}[k
jzpfonf/
]]a,m OyZÆw?d aom {0 aomç O'g[k tanm¿}} þpum;t&
]]aom {aom}} xdjk zpfqo J yl if xdo k al vm¿ odrYk [kwf wjcm;olavm¿
þodjYk yefqokd ifo Y nf/]]e p aomç {0 aom}}udk xdo k o
l nf a½S;uolvnf;r[kw[ f k
rjyefoifaY y/þodkjY yefvsS if pum;vnf;rrSe?f teufvnf;rrSef jzpfrnf/]]e p
{0aom}}ukd xdo k -l xdo
k yl ifvnf;r[kw[ f k jyefoifaY yonf/ okrYd S pum;a&vJreS í f
t"dygÜ ,fvnf; rSeaf yonf/qdv k o kd nfrmS ]]jzpfqo J o l nf jzpfqo J yl ifvm;¿}}[kar;
í ]]jzpfqo J o l nf jzpfqo J yl ifvnf;r[kw}f }/ wzef ]]xdo k rYkd [kwv f sS if wjcm;jzpf
aom jzpfNyD;cJo Y al vm¿}}[k ar;í ]]jzpfNyD;cJaY omolvnf; r[kw}f }[k ajzjyefjcif;
jzpfonf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
55
56
]]toufEpS q f ,foo l nf toufEpS q f ,foo l mavm¿}}[kar;vSsif

]]r[kw}f }[kajz&rnf/ ig;ESp?f q,fih g;ESpv f nf;jzpfaomaMumifyY if/ xdt k oufrsm;
okaYd &mufNyD;rS jzpfvmoljzpfaomaMumifyY if/
odrYk [kwf ]]ig;ESp?f q,fEpS ?f q,fih g;ESpv
f al vm¿}}qdjk yefvsSivf nf; ]]r[kw}f }
[k ajz&rnf/ ig;ESp?f q,fEpS ?f q,fih g;ESpEf iS Yf taMumif;ruif;aomfvnf; xdik g;ESpf
ponfrsm; r[kwaf wmYaomaMumifY toufEpS q f ,fvu l kd ig;ESppf onfvil ,f
r[kw[ f k ajz&ayrnf/
þjyóemonf eufeaJ omjyóemum; r[kwaf y/ reufeaJ omfvnf;
eufeaJ va,mif vSnx hf m;aomaMumifY eufeaJ &mifxifae&avonf/obm0
tm;jzifrY eufeb J v J sS uf vSnx hf m;í eufejJ cif;um; tb,ftusKd ;udk yGm;rsm;ap
oenf;¿&yfo½l mG om;rsm; taysmjf yKvyk Mf uaom pum;xm[laom t&muJo Y Ykd
om jzpfonf/ yifyef;jcif;udkom jzpfapayonf/ 'óeynmudk wuúorm;
rsuaf pYjzifMY unfNh yD; *gxmudak w;vkyf taysmu f sL;jcif; jzpfygonf/ xdaYk MumifY þ
jyóemudk þrSsjzifY tqk;H owfygrnf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
56
57
2/ y#doE´[eyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]y#doaE¨ rae&awmYaomol
onf rae&awmYaMumif; odrnfavm¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]od\}}[k
ajzxm;ayonf/
þjyóemonf ]]y#doaE¨}}[laom pum;vk;H \tw¬onf aoNy;D aemuf
üjzpfaom t&m0w¬K[kqkv d sS iv f nf; tcsn;f ES;D jyóemyif jzpf&monf/ tb,fh
aMumifq Y akd omf vlukd ausmaf wG;xm;aomaMumifyY if bk&m;oSsio f nf ol\tv,f
vrf;udk b0vGeí f tvsO;f yifwnfaqmufawmf rrlcaYJ y/ opömav;yg;udk
vltY wGi;f üomvSsif nTejf yawmfrcl aYJ yonf/
vlt Y wGi;f üvnf; aoaeNyDjzpfaom vlt Y wGi;f r[kw/f touf½iS af eonf
[k ac:&qJ vlt Y wGi;f udk twdtusneT ;f qdkco YJ nf/]]oondrDS oreau}}[k
jzpfonf/ xdkaY MumifY y#doaE¨t& aoNyD;aemufjzpfaom t&m0w¬Kudkaumufí
y#doaE¨raeolonf olu Y k,
d o f l rae[kord nfavm¿[k tar;udk rajztyfay/
xdakY MumifY xdktar;twGuf tv,fvrf;ay:ü ½Si;f vif;p&mr½Sad y/
tv,fvrf;onf vlt Y wGi;f rS'kuu © kd ajz½Si;f aomvrf;om jzpfonf/
vlukad usmaf om wpfpw kH pf&mtwGuv f rf;r[kw/f
xdkaY MumifY tv,fvrf;udkavSsmufvsuf xdkjyóemrsKd ;xkwv f mvsif
trdkut f rJtjzpf Budr;f armif;&rnf/udk,v hf rf;udk rSerf eS af vSsmuf[k owday;&rnf/
ajz&ef vk;H 0r½S/d xdaYk MumifY þjyóem\tajztwGuf trSm;çtrSeaf qG;aEG;p&myif
ukecf yYJ gNyD/
þrSsjzifY þjyóemudk tqk;H owfygrnf/
3/ ÓPynmyO§m
þjyóemonf 'óeynmudk oifMum;polwYkd aysm½f iT pf &mrSsom jzpf
onf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
57
58
4/ y#doE´[eyk*v ¾ a0'd,eyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]y#doaE¨raeol 'kua© 0'emcHpm;yg
oavm¿}}[laomtar;udk ]]tcsKUd 'kua© 0'emudo k mcHpm;NyD;?tcsKd U 'kua© 0'em
rcHpm;}}[k ajzMum;ayonf/
cHpm;aom'kua© 0'emum; um,du'kua© 0'emjzpfonf/ rcHpm;onf
um; apwodu'kua© 0'emjzpfonf[k qufajzxm;ayonf/ þtajzonf
ajymp&mjzpfonfrsm; r½Sad omtajz jzpfonf/ þtajzonf ½Sief m*aoe\
tajzvnf; r[kwaf y/ bk&m;oSsiaf jzcJNY yD;aomtajzom jzpfonf/
þü pum;pyfvsO;f í um,dua0'emESiYf apwodua0'emtaMumif;
tenf;i,frsS aqG;aEG;wifjyygrnf/ um,dua0'em[lonftb,fenf;¿
(1) udk,üf jzpfaoma0'em jzpfoavm¿
(2) udk,af MumifjY zpfaoma0'em jzpfoavm¿
(3) um,0dÓPfEiS , Yf OS af oma0'em jzpfoavm¿
a0'em[lonfrmS udk,üf jzpfonf[kvnf; r½S/d pdwEf iS o Yf m twl,OS í f
jzpfaomaMumifY pdwüf omjzpfonfcsn;f jzpfonf/ xdakY MumifY um,dua0'emukd
aumufvsS if eHywfok;H udkom aumufoifo Y nf/
þtajztwGi;f ü ½Sio f m&dyBk wm*gxmÄ
Äaxa&e om&dykawåe "r®aoemywdemÞ
]]embdeE´mrd r&PH? embdeE´mrd ZD0w d /H
umvOö y#ducFgrd? edAo dÁ H bwaum ,xm/
embdeE´mrd r&PH? embdeE´mrd ZD0w d /H
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udk jrefrmjyefcsuv
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jyefxm;onf/
þrSsjzifY þjyóemudq k ;Hk ygrnf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
58
59
5/ a0'emyO§m
½Sief m*aoeonf ]]okca0'emonf aumif;rIçraumif;rIEiS Yf ,if;wdYk

tusKd ;üjzpfonf/ okca0'emESi, Yf OS af omaumif;rIonf 'kuo © pömrxdkuaf y&m
b,foeYkd nf;¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]rD;cJavmifovd?k a&cJvnf;avmifonf
?þtwljzpfonf}}[kajzí a0'emtwljzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/
þtajzonf okcESiY, f SOaf omukokdv\ f 'ku©jzpfykHukd uGi;f qufynm
'óejzifY ajzMum;jcif;r[kw/f pum;ynm wuújzifY ajzMum;jcif;omjzpfonf/
xdtk ajzonf rSeuf m; rSe\ f /xdo k jYkd zpfaomfvnf; xdt k rSeu f kd Mum;&olrsm;
\todü ½Si;f vif;atmif rwwfEkid Mf uuke/f okcESi, Yf OS af omukokv d \ f 'kuj© zpfykH
onf xdktajzudkMum;&ol\todü vk;H csmvdkuo f mG ;avawmYonf/ tu,frod
aomfvnf; odovdkvkjd zpfomG ;ayonf/ y@dwrmeDqko d u l oYJ kYd oda,mifa,mif
jzpfomG ;onf [lvk/d
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wGe;f xd;k uefausmuf xd;k oGi;f cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ vk;H vk;H rodjcif;onfom t0dZmÆ jzpf
onf r[kwyf g/
þjyóemudk þodakY 0zefvku d yf gonf/
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f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
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59
60
6/ emr½ly{uwåemewåyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]y#doaEäeaom emrfç½kyo f nf þemrfç

½kyrf [kw/f þemrfç½ky\ f trIaMumifjY zpfaom wpfyg;emrfç½kyjf zpfcv YJ sS if y#doaE¨
aeolonf þemrfç½kyjf zifjY yKvyk af om raumif;rIrv S wG rf nf r[kwyf gavm¿}}
[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;ukd atmufygtwdki;f ajzonfÞ
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þjyóemü ar;vdo k nfrmS ]]aemiftcg y#doaEëmrfç½kyo f nf ,ck
emrfç½kyrf [kwv f sS if ,ckemrf½yk \ f tqd;k çtaumif;rsm;onf aemiftcg y#doaE¨
aeolü vGwrf nfr[kwaf vm¿}}[kjzpf\/
tajzqdv k o kd nfrmS ]]aemiftcg y#doaE¨½yk çf emrfonf ,ck½yk çf emrf r[kwf
aomfvnf; ,ck½kyçf emrf\trIjzpfaom ½kyçf emrfjzpfonf/ aemiftcg y#doaE¨
onf ,ck½kyçf emrf\trIrsm;rS xGuaf y:vmaomtoGirf sm; jzpfaeNyD;jzpfonf/
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þtar;ESit Yf ajzonfvnf; oówrdpäm'd|t d jrifjzifY b0udk,u f kd
½IMunfx h m;[efrsm;jzpfonf/ xdakY MumifY r½dk;om;aomtar;pm&if;ü oGi;f &rnfh
tar; jzpfonf/ aemiftcg y#doaE¨[al omt&mudk BuHqtyfygoavm¿
Buq H p&m vufiif; vlrmS jzpfaomw&m;um; tb,frmS enf;¿ Buq H p&mteufr½Sd
bJ BuHqjcif;onf pdwu f ;l ,Ofjcif;jzpfonf/ odrYk [kwf tmoa0gw&m;rsm; ,dpk ;D
jcif;rsm;jzpfonf/
bk&m;oSsio f nf oAÁmo0paom a'oemaygif;rsm;pGmwdükY þodrkY awG;
ac:oifaY Mumif;/ þodaYk wG;ac:jcif;rsm;onf 0dpu d pd ämudavomrsm; xaejcif;jzpf
aMumif; nTejf ycJaY yonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf þjyóem\tajztwGuf Oyrmaygif;rsm;pGmudk
xkwcf aYJ yonf/ ol\Oyrmrsm;onf b0oHo&m odrkY [kwf vlwpfO;D \tjzpf
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
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60
61
tysuf uGi;f qufvnfyt Hk wGuo f m qdu k af &muftusK;H 0ifayonf/ rarG;rDçjzpfqçJ

aoNy;D aemuf-þodjYk zpfyrHk sm;ukd tvsO;f yif raxmufu?l rqdu k af &mufygay/ arG;Ny;D -
aoonfxw d ikd af tmifaomumvtwGi;f 0#fo;Hk yg;wdv Yk n
S vhf nfvsS uf y#dpo
ö rkygÜ 'f
vnfywfyt Hk wGuf 0#fwpfcEk iS w Yf pfck {uwåjzpfyEHk iS Yf emewåjzpfy?Hk þt&mom ½Si;f
apayonf/
[kwyf gonf/ uH?udavomESi0Yf yd gufrsm;onf uH?udavomESiYf 0dyguf
[lí taxGaxGjym;aomfvnf; wpfom;wnf;om jzpfygonf/
uH[lonfrSm 0dyguf\ Eke,fao;aomtjzpf jzpfygonf/
0dyguf[lonfrSmvnf; uH\&ifYusuo f Gm;aomtjzpf jzpf
ygonf/
þodyYk if uHEiS 0Yf yd gufrsm; uGjJ ym;jcif;r½S?d wom;wnf;({uwå) jzpfygonf/
wzef uHEiS 0Yf yd gufonf xdkoykYd if uGjJ ym;jcif;r½S?d {uwåjzpfonf[kqk&d aomfvnf;
uHonf0yd gufavm¿[k qdyk gvSsiv f nf; ]]r[kw}f }[k jiif;&ygrnf/ 0dygufonfvnf;
uHr[kwaf Mumif;jiif;&ygrnf/ uHonf uHomjzpfNyD;? 0dygufonf 0dygufom jzpfyg
onf/ þodu Yk jJG ym;rI emewåvnf; jzpfMuonf/
½Sief m*aoexkwjf yaom o&ufo;D cd;k olOyrm ponfrsm;onf 0#fo;Hk yg;
vnfywfr\ I {uwåçemewåtjzpfoo kYd m ouf0ifygonf/ a½SUaemufb0rsm;
odrkY [kwf rarG;rDEiS , Yf ck? ,ckEiS aYf oNyD;aemufb0rsm; pyfEkid &f efr½Syd g/
[kwyf gonf/o&ufyifwpfyifwnf;üyif tpdkucf Honfu wpfyif?
tcdk;cH&onfu wpfyif? þodkcY rJG &/ tcdk;cHtyifBuD;onf tpdkucf t H yifi,f\
&ifu Y suo f mG ;jcif;omjzpfonf/ xdkEpS yf ifonf wjcm;pDr[kw/f {uwå jzpfonf/
xdt kY wl uH?udavomudkjyKolonf wpfO;D ? 0dygufjzpfoo l nf wpfO;D /
þodckY rJG &/ uH?udavom\ &ifjY cif;onfyifvsS if 0dygufjzpfonf/ xdkEpS rf sKd ;onf
ESpaf xGjym;aomfvnf; wom;wnf;]]{uwå}}jzpfonf/
½SifÓP ud,
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f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
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61
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xdaYk MumifY o&ufo;D cd;k olü tcd;k rvGwEf idk o

f uJo
Y Ykd uHEiS 0Yf yd guf wjcm;pD
jzpfonf[k ajym&aomfvnf; rvGw[ f k jzpfonf/
þjyóem þrSsjzifNY yD;ygap/
7/ ax&y#doE´[em y#doE´[eyO§m
þjyóemonf atmufüqdkcNYJ yD;aomeHywf(2)jyóemESiYf xyfwyl if
jzpfonf/
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63
8/ emr½lyy#doE´[eyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]tb,fah MumifY ½kycf sn;f y#doaE¨rae

bJ ½kyçf emrfaygif;í ae&oenf;¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ jyóemudk ]]½kyçf emrf tnrn
jzpfaomaMumif}Y }[k ajzxm;ayonf/]]MuufOü a&MunfEiS OYf vk;H ? tcsi;f csi;f rSí D
jzpfovd}k }[lí Oyrmjyí ajzayonf/
þtajzonf oifEY ikd pf &mvdyk if jzpfonf/emrfEiS ½Yf yk o f nf waygif;wnf;
jzpfíusiv f nfae&onf/ þtqdkonf ½kyçf emrfw\ kYd "r®wmobm0udkqko d nf
xuf ausmv f sS iuf m; rSezf tkYd aMumif; r½Sad y/ qdkvko d nfrmS þtqdkü y#doaE¨
[laompum;t& vlwpf a,muf\ trd0rf;wGi;f tpqkH;jzpfjcif;udk,lvSsif
rSezf kt
Yd aMumif;r½Sd [lí jzpfonf/
trd0rf;wGi;f ü tpqk;H jzpfonfo h m;aumifü ½kyçf emrfrsm; ½Syd goavm¿
þjyóemonf ½Sn½f n S af 0;a0; aqG;aEG;oifaY omjyóem jzpfonf/
yd#uwfawmfukd wwfajrmufoEl iS Yf xdkow l \
kYd MoZm&dyrf uif;olwo kYd nf þjyó
emrsKd ;onfyif rjzpfxku d [ f k tjyif;txef y,fvkv d sS u½f adS yrnf/odkaY omfvnf;
þjyóemudk jyK&rnfom jzpfygonf/
jyKxu kd af Mumif;udk qdyk grnf/
trd0rf;wGi;f ü y#doaEäep vufzspw f pfwu G t
f csed rf Ssom½Sad o;aom
om;aumifonf emrfEiS ½Yf kyrf sm;½SNd yD[k qdkMuonf/ b0udkwyfEpS o f ufaom
tukov kd u f aH vmbaZmrsm;yif apmNyD;jzpfonf[k ,lMuonf/ þt,lrsm;onf
pdwu f ;l ,Ofoabmw&m;rsm;omjzpfrnfrmS trSejf zpfygonf/
xdkom;aumifonf arG;zGm;BuD;jyif;jzpfí tdyaf ysmaf eolEiS Yf rnfou l
tqift Y wef;jrifyY grnfenf;¿
xdkyk*Kd¾ vfuav;ü ESv;kH om;vnf; r½Sad o;/ OD;aESmufvnf; r½Sad o;/
touf½LS &ef tqkyv f nf;r½Sad o;/ xdaYk MumifY xdyk *k Kd¾ vu f av;onf toufvnf;
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r½SL? ESv;Hk vnf;rcke?f tawG;tac:tqifjcifvnf;r½So d l jzpf&rnf r[kwyf gavm¿

tdyaf ysmof o l nf qdck NYJ yD;aomt&mrsm; tjynft h pk½H odS nf/xdaYk MumifY xdyk *k Kd¾ vu f av;
onf tdyaf ysmo f x l uf tqift Y wef;edro Yf nfrmS aocsmvSayonf/
þaqG;aEG;csuu f kd auseyfvufcEH ikd v f sS if qufíaqG;aEG;csuu f kd vufcH
zdkY toif½Y &dS ef jyifqifoifo Y nf/ tdyaf ysmo f ül uHaZmrsm;apmEdkiyf goavm¿
tdyaf ysmof o l nf b0ifrsm;usaejcif;jzpfí uHaZmrsm;rapmEdik /f apmvSsif
tdyaf ysmo f lr[kwaf wmYay/
tdyaf ysmo f yl if uHaZmrsm;apmcGirYf &vSsi?f tdyaf ysmo f al tmuf vdkurf rD
atmif tqift Y wef;edru Yf saeaom y#doaEäep vufzspw f pfwu G of m; yk*Kd¾ vf
uav;onf tb,fokYd uHaZmrsm;apmcGiYf &Edkirf nfenf;¿
þwifjycsuo f nf y#doaE¨taMumif; r[kwaf o;bJ? y#doaEäep
vufzspw f pfwGwu f mvaemifjzpfonfqkdaom b0eduEÅu d aZmtaMumif;rSs
jzpfygonf/ þwifjycsuu f kd ry,fEikd v f sS if tbd"r®mq&mrsm; wu,fb h 0udk
ausmí f pdwu f ;l ,Ofoabmw&m;rsm; wnfaqmufxm;onfukd oabmaygufEikd f
rnf jzpfygonf/
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apcsiyf gonf/ ]]'gawG rBuHpnftyfwmawG}} þodjYk iif;rnfqv kd sS iuf m; tESpf
om&tjzpf tav;teuf ,lp&m½So d nf[k owfrw S rf jzpfb½J rdS nf jzpfygonf/
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acgif,?H rd;k arSmifuscu kd ?f trdu k w f u
kd t f wGi;f üuJo Y Ykd tarSmifusq;Hk aompum;rsm;
jzpfonf/
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umwifjycJNY yD; jzpfonf/ xdw k ifjycsuu f kd ]][kwo f avm¿r[kwo f avm¿}}a0zef
zdu
Yk srS ]]rBuHpnftyfwmawG}}[kqv kd akd om rEÅmefu½kd w G tf aH evsiu f m; tarSmifq;Hk
ae&mtwGi;f usa&mufox l uf trdkut f arSmif xlzykYd if ½So d nf/
ud,
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xdkaY MumifY rsupf rd jrifo\ l tvif;çtqif;taMumif; ajymqdkcsuu f o YJ kYd

þwifjycsuu f kd aMumif;çusKd ;rJjY iif;qdkcsuo f nf ta[modujH zpfbo kYd m ½So d nf/
þwifjycsujf zifY tbd"r®mq&mrsm;\tqifu Y kd em;vnfEkid &f ef jyqdkcjYJ cif; jzpf
ygonf/ ,if;udk em;vnfvsS if wpfqifw Y ufí qdyk grnf/ y#doaE¨pw d Of yg'fp[k
qdkot l aMumif; ajymrnf/ xdkoül emrfEiS ½Yf kyrf sm;½Syd gowJaY vm¿
xdo
k o l nf uvmyfpnf;ok;H pnf;? ½kyo f ;Hk q,f½NdS yD[k qdMk uonf/ y#doaE¨
ude;f xdkuaf om 0dygufemru©Em¨ rsm;vnf; ½SNd yD;[k qdkMuonf/ xdktqdktwGuf
atmufygtar;rsm; ar;&rnf/ xd0k yd gufrsm;onf tb,fuaH MumifY jzpfMuo
enf;¿ þur®Z½kyo f ;Hk q,fonfvnf; tb,fuaH MumifY jzpfMuoenf;¿
þtar;twGuf tajzonf b0b0awGuqnf;yl;cJaY om uHrsm;
aMumifjY zpfonf[k ajz&zdkY ½So d nf/xdktajztwGuf xyfar;&rnfÞ
]xdu k rH sm;onf þb0odYk vma&muftusKd ;ay;Edik af tmif NrJMucdik Mf u
oabm ½SMd uoavm¿apwemw&m;jzpfaomuHonf emrfw&m;jzpfí pdwåuP ©
wpfcsut f wGi;f vufuserf ½Sd ysuo f kO;f cJNY yD r[kwyf gavm¿
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k ar;twGuf ]][kw\ f }}[k 0efcaH yrnf/ odaYk omfvnf; uH\owård l
um; <uif;\/ ,if;owåo d nf ,cktusKd ;udk jzpfymG ;apwwf\/ þodq Yk akd yrnf/
,if; ]uH\owå}d um; ta&;ygvS\/
b,frsS umvESiXYf mejcm;jcm; raysmufrysuf touf0ifaeonf/
uHEiS w Yf al omtusKd ;ukd jzpfaponfyif/
xdrk sS ta&;ygvSaomuH\owåu d m; tb,foaYkd om t&mrsm;enf;¿
y&rwfw&m;? "gwfw&m;? tm,wew&m;? cE¨mw&m;? opömw&m;?
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65
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w&m;wnf;/ xdaYk MumifY xdw k &m;onf y&rwfw&m;? "gwfw&m;rsm;udo k m

ajymEdkicf aYJ om bk&m;oSsiyf if ra[mEdkiaf omw&m; jzpfawmYonf/
y&rwform;rsm;onf bk&m;oSsiyf if ra[mEdki?f rajymEdki?f rynwfEkid f
cJaY om y&rwfw&m;? "gwfw&m;wdx Yk uf ydí k tajccHusaom u ] H\owå}[l
d aom
t&muav;udk a[majymEdkio f ?l odjrifEkid o f l jzpfay&monf/
bk&m;oSsit f qk;H trESiYf wu,f vltwGi;f jzpfaeaom uH\owåu d m;
þodrYk [kw/f
uH\owåo d nf t½Srd [kwf/
uHonfom t½Sd jzpfonf/
uH\owåu d m; *kPrf Ssomjzpfonf/
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jzpfonf/ uHonf rD;cJjzpfonf/ rD;cJ\tyl½edS o f nf uH\owåjd zpfonf/ rD;cJ½pdS Of
om rD;cJ\tyl½edS f &onf/ xdkt Y wl uH½pdS Ofom uH\owå½d EdS kid o f nf/ xdkaY MumifY
uHu, G Nf yD;aemuf uH\owå<d uif;onf[k r½S&d / *kaP;aysmufNyD; *kPcf sn;f wnf
onf[k r½ /dS *kPo f nf 'AÁ-r[kw?f 0daoorSsom jzpfonf/
xdakY MumifY uH\owåo d nf obm0"r®r[kwaf y/ tbm0"r®rI jzpfay
onf/ obm0"r®[o l nf t½Sw d &m;[laompum;\ 'kw, d emrnf jzpfonf/
tbm0"r®onf obm0"r®rsm;uJo Y kYd tajccHtm;jzif½Y adS omw&m; r[kwaf y/
odrkY [kwf ra&&maomw&m; jzpfonf/
zdkçraMumifY trd0rf;wGi;f üjzpfp vufzspw f pfww
G f umvtpdwt f ydki;f
rSsom ½Sad o;aom om;aumifü½So d nfqkad om ½kyEf iS eYf mrfrsm;onf uH\owåd
aMumifjY zpfvmaom t&mrsm; jzpfonf[kqkv d sS if ra&&maom taMumif;w&m;
aMumifY jzpfvmonf[k qdk&ma&mufayonf/
ra&&maomw&m;onf olu, kd w
f ikd u f rS ra&&mcJv
Y sif þ0dyguf(½kyçf
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66
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ynwå"d r®wpfckckaMumifY jzpfymG ;onf[í l tvsO;f r½Sad y/

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jzpfonf qko d nfrmS w&m;r0ifaompum;om jzpfayonf/ xdakY MumifY xdk0yd guf
(½kyçf emrf)rsm; ½So d nfqo kd nfukd taMumif;jyvdv k sif xd0k yd guf(½kyçf emrf)rsm;taMumif;
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ok;H q,f[al om ur®Z½kyrf sm; rjzpfb½J o dS nfrmS jiif;p&mr½Sad ompum; jzpfay
onf/ þtqdkukd qufí euf½idI ;f pGm wifjyygOD;rnf/
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ud;k vvG,çf q,fvatmuf½NdS yD;aom oli,füyif bmpdwçf bmuHEiS Yf bmpdw½f yk çf
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r[kw/f tbm0"r®rsS jzpfayonf/
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bk&m;oSsiaf [mcJaY om½kyf r[kw/f
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bJ½adS ejcif; jzpfonf/
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qdk&aomfvnf; t0dZmÆ aMumifY ocFg&jzpf? ocFg&aMumifY 0dnmPfjzpf? UUU(y) UUU
ZmwdaMumifY Z&m?r&PjzpfNyD; aomu?y&da'0paom qif;&Jwk;H ? qif;&JcJ
oufoufBuD;jzpfaom b0c&D;\a½S;tpGeo f nf rxif½mS ;bJ½adS vonf}} þodkY
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puúerYf vyf vnfywfjzpfçysuaf eonf/xdaYk MumifY þOyrmrsm;udo k ;Hk vSsif 0#fo;Hk yg;
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tus,w f 0HYH wifjyNyD;jzpfonf/
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qif;&JusiYjf cif;jzifY twdwu f Hrsm;udk ukeaf p&rnf[líjzpfonf/xdkYaMumifY
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edum,füvnf; y#doaEäejcif;taMumif;rsm;udk a[majymcsu½f ydS gonf/
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5/ b0EÅocFg&Zm,rmeyO§m
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jzpfonf/
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kd sS if ,ckb0
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jzpf&ef odrkY [kwf od½&dS ef {uefyifvkt d yfygonf/a½S;b0ESi, Yf ckb0onf umv?
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cJNY yD; jzpfonf/
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6/ a0'*lyO§m/ / þjyóemonf ar;oltodü t½Su d kd tajccHaom

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4/ edAmÁ e0*f
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jyKaomjyóemrSs jzpfonf/
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atmifajzEdkiaf omjyóem jzpfonf/
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aom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]uHaMumifjY zpfonf}}[k ajzavonf/ opfyif
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onf r[kwaf y/opfyifrsm; trsKd ;rsKd ;uGjJ ym;MuonfrmS rsKd ;apYaMumifjY zpfouJo Y kYd
vltrsKd ;rsKd ;uGo J nfrmS uHaMumif[ Y k qkxd m;onf/rsKd ;uGaJ omaMumifY rsKd ;aMumifjY zpf
aom opfyifrsm; rwlMuouJo Y ?kYd uHuaJG omaMumifY uHaMumifjY zpfaomvlrsm;
rwlMu[kqkv d sS if vlonf opfyifrsm;?EG,yf ifrsm;?yifapmuf?½GuBf uD;?½Guif ,f
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ud,
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jcif;om vlrEJG iS v Yf cl sr;f omponfwükYd uGjJ ym;jcif; ½Sad yonf/

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twGuyf gjcm;em;aom opfyifEiS Yf wdki;f wmEIid ;f cdki;f oifjY cif; r½Sad y/t&nftcsi;f
uGaJ om opfyifwpfrsKd ;wnf;ESio Yf m vsif EIid ;f cdki;f vdku EIid ;f cdki;f &rnf jzpfayonf/
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OyrmESiOYf yar,sum; r[kwaf y/
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olaX;0rf;rS arG;zGm;&jcif;onf uHaMumif[ Y kajymqdkvsu½f o dS nf[k qdkvkyd gonf/
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[kwyf g/ odaYk omfvnf; aumif;jrwfaom ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk r½So d ül olaX;om; jzpf
aomfvnf; vlcsr;f omjzpf&ef uHuraumif;ay/ uHu qd;kaeayonf/
ygVdü uH\t&monf arG;zGm;jcif;\ [dkrSmzufrSmjzpfaom
t&m[k qdkvkdonfr[kwaf y/uH[lonf udk,çf EIwçf ESvkH;rsm;
udk vIy½f Sm;vmapaom apwem[laomt&mom jzpfonf/
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qdkvkad yonf/ uHqk;d ívlrpJG onfjzpfonf? uHaumif;í vlcsr;f omponf jzpf
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jcif;udkom qdkvkjd cif;jzpfonf/
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tu,fxyfrad omOyrmudkqkv d sif ajrwlça&wlçav ponf ywf0ef;usiw f al om
ae&mü rsKd ;wlopfyifukd jyKprk I aumif;aumif;ESiYf pdu k yf sKd ;csu?f nHn h phH u
kd yf sKd ;csurf sm;
ponfjh cm;em;csujf zifo Y m vl\qif;&Jçcsr;f omjzpf&csurf sm;udk EIid ;f cdki;f &rnf/
,ck udk,çf EIwçf ESv;kH aumif;jcif;rsm;jzpfaom uHaumif;jcif;aMumifo Y m
vlcsr;f omponf jzpfonf/ raumif;jcif;onf vlrJG ponf jzpfonf/þtaMumif;
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rsm;onf Zmwdukv d kyaf eaom rarG;rDuuHukd azmfneT ;f aeayonf/xdkaY MumifY
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[kwyf gonf/ ]],ck'u k a© ysmufatmifjyKjcif;}}onfyif aemif'u k r© a&muf
aMumif; jzpfonf/ xdkaY MumifY ESpu f pd ½ö adS omfvnf; ESpu f pd t ö wGuf ESpv f kyu f kd vkyf
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xdok jYkd zpfvsuf i&Jr;D üusaom owå0gonf ESpt f axmifMumaomfvnf; raus[k
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aeonfukd rodonfrSm trSejf zpfonf/
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ajyma[monfukd Mum;íjzpfap odjcif;onf trSew f u,fojd cif;ESiYf xyfwjl zpf
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tppftrSe&f atmif raqmifEkid o f l jzpfonf/
bk&m;oSsio f eG o
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jzpfciG ½Yf ydS grnfavm¿ þae&mü jcm;onfqko d nfrmS a½SUcPESiYf aemufcPwdkY
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bk&m;oSsiaf [mcJo Y nfh i&Jonf um,du'kua© 0'em r[kw/f apwodu
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aomif;ode;f ru ylavmifMuayonf/ ,if;rD;rsm;\tylukyd if vlonf tavmif
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,ckvv l nf; ,cktawmiftxGmESiyYf if jzpfygonf/ a½S;vlrsm; t&yfyk½d n S v f sm;
í tlrsm;ydkrk½d n S of nf[k rqdkoifyY g/
xdaYk MumifY a½S;vlrsm;onf cE¨maA'ynmü rsm;pGm us,0f ef;[efr½So d nfrmS
xif½mS ;vSygonf/ olwo kYd nf tpmtdrt f wGi;f ½Sd tpmrsm;ausajrhMuonfrmS
0rf;rD;[k owfrw S Mf uygonf/ tpm;tpmrsm; ausajrhMuonfrmS 0rf;\tyl½edS f
aMumifrY [kwyf g/ tpmtdrt f wGi;f odkY yefu&d,Pancreas
( )[laom ok;H q,fEh pS f
aum|motwGi;f wnf&ef em;vnfrcH&ao;aom ok;H q,fo h ;kH ckajrmufaum|m
orS xkwv f kyaf y;aom "mwf&nfwpfrsKd ;aMumifY ausajrhMujcif; jzpfygonf/
qdkvko d nfrmS 0rf;twGi;f ü tpmrsm;ausajrhMuonfrmS 0rf;rD;aMumifY
odrYk [kwf 0rf;tyl½edS af MumifY r[kw/f wHawG;wGiyf gaom "mwf&nfpaom "gwf&nf
trsKd ;rsKd ;aMumifyY if[k jzpfygonf/xdk"gwf&nfrsm;onf 0rf;twGi;f ü ae&mtESUH
tvdktavsmuf pdrpYf rf;rsm;uJo Y kYd ,dkxu G pf ;D oGm;aeonf r[kwyf g/ yg;pyfrS
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tpm;tpmudk pm;rd0g;rdaomf xdkt&om½Sad om tpmudkacs&ef xdktpmvm

a&mufrS xGuaf y;jcif; jzpfayonf/
xd"k mwf&nfrsm;onf tyl&nfrsm;vnf; r[kwyf g/ oHy&k m&nf?a½Smuf&nf
uJo
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avmif&nfrsm;om jzpfygonf/xdakY MumifY 0rf;twGi;f ½Sd tpmMurf;rsm;ausaomf
vnf; y#doaEäeaomom;aumif rausjcif;jzpfygonf/ om;aumif tb,f
aMumifY ravmifoenf;[k rar;oifyY g/
tpmvrf;ESiYf om;aumifaeaomom;tdro f nf oD;jcm;jzpfonf/ tpm
vrf;üom þ"gwf&nfrsm;xGuu f s,pkd ;D í om;tdrüf þ"gwf&nfrsm; vk;H vk;H r½Syd g/
vm&efvrf;vnf; r½Syd g/ xdakY MumifY trd0rf;wGi;f ü tpmMurf;rsm;ausvsuf
om;aumifrausjcif;onf tb,fah Mumif[ Y k xif½mS ;vSygonf/ om;aumifuH
aMumif[ Y kajym&ef enf;vrf;vk;H 0r½Sad Mumif; ay:vGiv f yS gonf/
þodjYk zpfvsuf ½Sief m*aoeonf om;aumifu[ H k qdck yYJ gonf/ þtqdk
t& ½Sief m*aoeonf om;aumif\ uHqko d nfukd wpfreI w f pfrmT ;av;rSs em;
vnfjcif;r½Sb d J em;vnfaea,mif? y@dwrmeD vkyv f ku
d o f nfrmS xif½mS ;vSyg
onf/ xdkaY MumifY ½Sief m*aoeonf OyrmbufrS pum;vk;H \ tajccHteuf
tw¬ukv d nf; em;vnfjcif;r½So d l jzpfygonf/
þodv Yk sS if Oyrm?Oyar,s ESpb f ufv;Hk rS pum;vk;H rsm;\ tajccHteuf
tw¬rsm; rcdkirf mbJ wnfaqmufxm;aomol\ pum;taqmuftODonf
b,ftajcü½Srd nf[k jyqdk&efr½Sad wmYyg/
þjyóem\ajzqdkcsut f & ½Sief m*aoeonf 'óeorm; vk;H 0 r
[kw?f wuúorm;ppfppfjzpfaMumif; em;vnfEkdiyf gonf/'óeorm;onf
pum;wpfvk;H \ teuftw¬ukd wdusatmif t&aumuf,al omvkyif ef;udk
vkyof nf/ wuúorm;um; xdkorkYd [kw/f xdkpum;vk;H \ a½SUqufí b,fvkv d yS
acsmajraY tmif rGr;f rH&rnfenf;-[kom Buq H oljzpfonf/ wuúorm;\pum;onf
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100
101
vSum;-vSayonf? odakY omf tok;H csírl r&ay/

xdakY MumifY ½Sief m*aoe\ pum;rsm;onf avmutwGuf tvky½f w
I f
aom odrkY [kwf jyóemydkwufapaom t&mrsm;jzpfí? rsm;pGmowdxm;í
emMum;?bwf½o I ifv
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7/ yx0doE¨m&uyO§m?
8/ eda&m"edAmÁ eyO§m?
9/ edAmÁ evbeyO§m?
10/ edAÁmeokcZmeeyO§m/
þjyóemrsm;\ tajzrsm;onf b0tjrifukd xGe;f jycsurf sm; r[kwf
onfuwpfcsu?f 'óeorm;wd\ Yk t&m r[kwo
f nfuwpfcsuw f aYkd MumifY ok;H oyf
zG,rf ½SNd yD/
edAÁme0*f NyD;\/
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rdvEd y´ O§m
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5/ Ak'0¨ *¾
1/ d m0yO§m?
Ak'¨ó tw¬ed w¬b
2/ Ak'¨ó tEkwå&bm0yO§m?
3/ Ak'¨ó tEkwå&bm0ZmeeyO§m?
4/ "r®'d|yO§m /
þjyóemrsm;\ tajzrsm;onf b0tjrifukd xGe;f jycsurf sm; r[kwf
onfuwpfcsu?f 'óeorm;wdkY\t&m r[kwo f nfuwpfcsuw f kdYaMumifY
ok;H oyfz,
G f r½SNd yD/
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aeygoenf;¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]rD;ul;enf;?ynmoif,el nf;jzifY
aeonf}}[k ajzonf/
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jcif;r½Sb
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ta½TUtajymif;r½Sb d J wynfüh ynmrsm;jzpfymG ;onf/þtwdki;f yif þb0ü
ra½TUrajymif;cJb Y J xdkb0ü y#doaEäeonf[í l jzpfonf/
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aompum;onf þb0rSpak wusí aemufb0opfü tpqk;H jzpfxeG ;f jcif;udo k m
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ul;ykuH kd qdv
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aom pum;>rufrsm; r& jzpfygonf/]]þb0rS xdb k 0odjYk zpfjcif;ü xdbk 0odjYk zpf&ef
þb0rS b,ft&mrsm; ul;ajymif;a½GUvsm;oGm;ygoenf;}}[k od&ef ½Iwaf xG;í
ar;aomaMumifY jzpfygonf/
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jyqdkaomtqdk atmifjrifvsif þb0rSaoí aemufb0üjzpfonf[k em;vnf

,lq&efjzpfygonf/ þodYk þb0rSaoí aemufb0üjzpfonf[k ,lq&müvnf;
þb0ESiaYf emufjzpfvwåUH aomb0onf wpfckwnf;jzpfrae&ef BudK;pm;&zdkY ½Syd g
onf/ tu,fí jzpfaevsif ,if;\tjzpfukd bk&m;oSsif twdtvif;jiif;cJaY om
oówrdpäm'd|[ d al om pum;vk;H ESiYf NidpeG ;f rnfjzpfygonf/
xdkaY MumifY y#doaEäe&mü b0a[mif;rS ypön;f wpfpkw H pf&m tajymif;
ta½TY ygESirYf yg ½Si;f vif;&jcif;jzpfygonf/ y#doaEönf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'ft*Fgüygaom
b0aemufrZS mwdr[kwb f J tckaoNyD;aemufrS jzpfay:vmaomt&m\ tpqk;H
jzpfaompdwu f kd qdv k ykd gonf/ þpum;rsm;onf tar;pum;udk ½Si;f csurf sS jzpfonf/
þtar;twGut f ajzonf Oyrmjzifo Y m NyD;ygonf/Oyar,szufrS
jzpfay:&m wpfpw Hk pf&mudk xkwjf yazmfneT ;f jcif; r½Syd g/ vG,v f eG ;f vsivf nf; þ
odkjY yKEdkiyf gonf/ ½Sief m*aoe razmfneT ;f onfum; tb,fEv S k;H oGi;f jzpfrnfukd
wyftyfrodyg/
olxkwaf qmifomOyrmrsm;udk zGiMYf unf&h ygrnf/ rD;½Sad omrD;wdkirf S rD;rJY
rD;wdkiu f kd rD;n§x d eG ;f &mü? rD;½Srd ;D wdkirf rS ;D onf rD;rJrY ;D wdkio
f rkYd vm-[kqkyd gonf/
þpum;onf rSeaf ompum;vnf; jzpfwef&mygonf/ rD;½Srd ;D wdkirf S rD;\tyl½edS f
owåjd zifY rD;rJrY ;D wdik üf rD;awmufjcif; jzpfEikd yf gonf/ xdaYk MumifY rD;rJrY ;D wdik o f Ykd rD;½drS ;D
wdik rf S rD;vmonfr[kw/f xdo k rYkd [kwaf omfvnf; rD;rJrY ;D wdik rf rS ;D onf rD;½Srd ;D wdik uf
rD;ESiYf aus;Zl;uif;onfvnf;r[kw/f þodYk t"dygÜ ,fxu G yf gonf/ þpum;onf
rD;wdkiEf pS cf krS rD;ESpcf kw\ kYd tpOfukd ykaH zmfjycsujf zpfygonf/
þykaH zmfcsujf zifY xdkb0?þb0 odkrY [kwf pkwEd iS yYf #doaE¨? ,if;wdkEY iS Yf
jzpfpOfukyd kaH zmfvkv d sif rD;wdkiEf pS cf kü Xmetjcm;r½Sad tmif rD;wdkiw f pfckEiS wYf pfck
erf;xdouJo Y kYd xdkb0ESiþ Yf b0 erf;xdcsu½f zdS kYd vdkygonf/ rD;wdkiw f pfckrS rD;wdkif
wpfco k Ykd n§x d eG ;f &mü ta&;ygaomtcsurf mS rD;wdik t f csi;f csi;f Xmerjym;&ef erf;
xdjcif;jzpfygonf/ xdaYk MumifY xdb k 0ESiþ
Yf b0 odrYk [kwf pkwEd iS yYf #doaE¨? þESpcf k
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106
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wdkY erf;xdjcif;½SMd u\avm¿

þOyrmtm;jzifY vlb Y 0rSpkawí jA[®mjynf txufqk;H xyfqkad om
ae&mü y#doaE¨tusKd ;udk jzpfymG ;apvdkuo f nf qdkygtH/h xkad e&mESpcf konf
rsm;pGma0;vHvo S nf[k qdyk gonf/ ,lZemcef½Y adS om ausmufjym;BuD;udk jA[®mY
jynfrcS svku d vf sif vljY ynfokYd urÇmcsí D MumrSa&mufonf[kyif ta0;udk jyqdkMu
ygonf/ þXmeESpcf o k nf tMum;a0;vSygonf/ þESpcf o k nf tb,foYkd erf;Mu
ygoenf;¿rxdvsuv f nf; þc&D;udk rnfoo l mG ;í þtar;udk þodaYk jzEdik yf go
enf;¿
emrfw&m;onf ½kyu f o YJ Ykd rav;çraES;/ xdaYk MumifY ½kyrf ;D çwdik rf ;D rsm;uJoY Ykd
xderf;zdkrY vdkb?J NyD;Edkio f nf[í l jzpfygonf/ aES;aom½kyjf zpfaom t½Sed rf sm;pGm
aumif;aom rD;rsm;yif erf;xdzrYkd vdb k J jzpfymG ;csurf sm; ½Sad eonf/ NrdKUBuD;½GmBuD;rsm;
rD;avmifvsif ta½SUt&yfavmifaepOfyif awmift&yfçajrmuft&yfrsm;rS tdrf
rsm;onf rD;vk;H rsm;jzwfu;l jcif;r½Sb d J [kwu f eJç[kwu f eJ rD;x-xavmifMuonf/
emrfru l m; ½kyx f ufaygYyg;onf/xdakY MumifY vljY ynfrS jA[®mjY ynfokYd t½Sed jf zifY jzpfap
Edkiof nf/ þodkY ajzvdku ajzEdkiyf gonf/
þodkq Y kvd sif rD;\owåo d nf olavmifcsio f nfah e&mudk avmifouJo Y kYd
vljY ynfru S o H nfvnf; jA[®mjynfvkt d a0;tvHukd t½Sed Ef iS jYf zpfaponf/ tMum;rS
ewfbrkH sm;ü tb,faY MumifY pGNJ id y#doaE¨r,lMuygoenf;¿ þodakY r;oifo Y nf/
[kwyf gonf/vljY ynfrS jA[®mjY ynfqko d nfokYd jzpfoül vljY ynfru S rH sm; jA[®mjY ynfokYd
oGm;onfr[kw/f vljY ynfrS uH\t½Sed rf sm;omoGm;onf[k qdkonf/
uHonf rD;jzpfcv YJ sif uH\t½deS o f nf rD;\tvif;omjzpf&rnf/ rD;\
tvif;onf udu k wf pf&ma0;aomae&mrS 0w¬Kypön;f odYk usa&mufvif;Munfonf
qdkvsif xdkuku d w f pf&ma0;&m t&m0w¬Kü vif;aeaomtvif;ESiYf tvif;a&mif
xkwv f w T &f m rD;wd\ kY tMum;ü tquftoG,jf ywfaeonf r[kwaf y/tMum;ü
tu,fí t&m0w¬Kwpfck½v dS sif xdkt&m0w¬Kwdv kY nf; tvif;a&mifxcd ku d rf nf
½SifÓP ud,
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107
108
jzpfayonf/
tvif;onf rD;r[kwí f aumufauGaY ½Smif½mS ;oGm;í rjzpfay/ þtwl
vljY ynfrS uH\t½Sed o f nfvnf; jA[®mjynfqkad omt&yfoo kYd mG ;&mü vrf;wGi;f ü
½Sad om atmufatmufjA[®mESiYf ewfbt kH qifq Y ifqY ko
d nfukd a½Smif½mS ;oGm;&ef
taMumif; r½Sad y/ t½Sed o f nf twdtusr[kwaf omaMumifY a½Smif½mS ;ír&bJ
½Srd nfyif/xdakY MumifY xdkt½Sed o f nf jA[®mjynfra&mufbJ ½Sv d ku d ½SEd kid o
f nfyif/þodkY
jzpfEkid o f avm¿[k ar;bG,½f o dS ifo Y nf/
xdtYk jyif rD;Oyrmü qdzk , G ½f ydS gao;onf/ ,if;rSm rD;½Srd ;D wdik rf S rD;rJrY ;D wkid f
udk rD;n§&d mü rD;rJrY ;D wdik f ½SNd yD;jzpf&ygonf/ xdt Yk wl xdb k 0rSþb0odjYk zpfap&mü
xdkb0rSu½H edS rf sm; t[yfcpH &m rD;rJrY ;D wdkiu f o YJ kaYd om þb0½Sad ezdkY vdkygonf/
þpum;udk þodaYk jzvsiu f m; ajzEdik yf gonf/ xdb k 0 pkwcd sed Ef iS Yf þb0
rdbESpOf ;D wdYk aoG;a&mcsed ?f odrYk [kwf aoG;a&mNyD;csed f rvGeaf o;rD nDnw G Ef ikd yf gonf/
xdakY MumifY þb0 t½Sed rf [yfp&mr½S[ d k rajzEdkiyf g/ þodkY ajzEdkiyf gonf/
þtajzonf vlürl ½Syd gap/ ewfçjA[®mqdo k nfrsm; b,foeYkd nf; xyfí
ar;&ygrnf/ rD;½Srd S rD;½Srd ;D wdki\ f taxmuftyHjY zifY rD;rJrY ;D wdkiüf rD;jzpfonf[&l mü
rD;rJrY ;D wdkiof nf rD;r½Sad o;aomfvnf; rD;jzpf&eftjynft h pkH ½Sad eNyD;jzpfonf/
ewfçjA[®mqdkonfrsm;ü vlb Y 0uH\ t½Sed t f axmuftyHY ewfçjA[®mjynfü jzpf
rnfqkv d sif xdkü-xdktaxmuftyHu Y kvd ufc&H ef ½SNd yD;jzpfaeygrnf/ xdkok½Yd o dS nfukd
0efrcHEkid &f rdS nf r[kwyf gavm¿
tjcm;Oyrmjzpfaom q&m?wynfh ynmoifjcif;üvnf; þtwlyif/
q&mYynmonf wynfx h u H ;l ajymif;oGm;jcif; r[kw/f odaYk omfvnf; wynfyh nm
onf q&mYynmESiu Yf if;onfvnf; r[kw/f þOyrmjyKygonf/
Oyar,sü Oyrmjzift Y cdki;f EIid ;f cHEkid af omowård sm; r½Syd g/ þOyrmü
q&m[laom0w¬K?wynf[ h al om0w¬K/ þ0w¬KEpS cf k ½SNd yD;jzpfonf/ Oyar,szufü
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ud,
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108
109
q&mESiw Yf ynfq h kad om 0w¬KESpcf kuo YJ kYd wcsed w

f nf;ESiYf ESpcf kvk;H NydKif½adS eEdkiaf om
t&mrsm; r[kwMf uyg/ þwpfcsuo f nfvnf; þOyrmESiYf Oyar,swkYd r[yf
ykjH zpfonf/
,if;rS aemufwpfcsuv f nf; rpyfy½Hk ydS gao;onf/ ,if;rSm ynmoifMu&m
ü q&mESiw Yf ynfEh pS Of ;D om;udk tm½kiH g;yg; wpfyg;yg;jzifY pyfo, G ef rf;xdMuygonf/
þOyrmESiOYf yar,swo kYd nf þodekY rf;xdjcif; r½Syd g/Xmetajctaeyif uGm[
Mum;vyfaeygonf/
xdakY MumifY Oyrmrsm;onf þjyóem\tajzudk NyD;apEkid af om tajz
rsm; rjzpfEidk b f ½J rdS nftrSef jzpfonf/ Oyar,sjzpfaomw&m;rsm;\ vIy½f mS ;[efukd
tenf;tusO;f xifvif;rjyKbJ Oyrmcsn;f qdo k nfrmS ½Sief m*aoe\ ½d;k om;csuf
jzpf&efyif taMumif;r½Sad y/
6/ a0'*lyO§m/ /þjyóem\tajzonf txl;r½Syd g/
½SifÓP ud,
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109
110
7/ tnum,ouFreyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]þud, k rf S wpfyg;ud, k o f Ykd ajymif;a½TU

jcif;r½Svd sif raumif;rIwrkYd v S w G rf nf r[kwyf gavm¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk
]]aMomf UUUU y#doaE¨raevsif vGwyf gonf? aevsiaf wmY rvGwyf g}} þodYk ajzay
onf/qufí Oyrmvnf; aqmifygonf/
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oD;onf olrsm;pdu k af omo&ufo;D ESiYf wjcm;pD jzpfonf/ xdo k Ykd wjcm;pDjzpfaomf
vnf; tcd;k cH&aomo&ufo;D onf pku d af omo&ufo;D udrk í DS jzpfaom o&ufo;D
omjzpfaomaMumifY tjypf&jcif; jzpfonf/}}
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tajz jzpfaomaMumifyY if/
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wwfEkid af omtajz jzpfygonf/
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e*g;[k rsuaf pYvn S jhf yxm;csuüf e*g;rxifbJ zsmvdyo f nf zsmvdyo f mxifouJo Y Ykd
xdkZmwd½kyrf sm; bGm;bGm;BuD; ay:vGiv f suf ½Sad eayonf/
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[kwyf gonf/ rdvEd \ ´ tar;onfvnf; vluakd usmí f ar;xm;ygonf/

xdkokjYd zpfaomfvnf; þtar;ütjypfr½Syd g/ tar;onf tar;omjzpfygonf/
tajzr[kwí f rSeb f kdYrvdk/ þtar;onf tb,fokdY vlukdausmaf eoenf;¿
rdvEd o´ nf raumif;rIjyKo\ l raumif;usKd ;rsm; jzpfrnfqv kd sif aoNyD;
aemufrjS zpfrnf[k ,lqonf/ tu,fí aoNyD;aemufrrS jzpfvsif jyKvkyrf ad om
raumif;rIrsm;\ tusKd ;rsm;rSvw G rf nf/ þodk, Y q l onf/ þt,ltqonf
vluakd usmo f nf r[kwyf gavm¿
vljyKaomtrI vlaoNyD;[dkrmS bufü jzpfEiS rYf jzpfukd awG;ac:jcif;onf
vluakd usmjf cif; r[kwyf goavm¿
tu,fjzpfçysuaf omw&m;wdo Yk nf vluakd usmv f eG jf cif; ½SMd uygoavm¿
vljyKaom aumif;rIEiS rYf aumif;rIwo kYd nf jyKolvül yif aumif;usKd ;ESiYf
raumif;usKd ;rsm; rjzpfMuoavm¿
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t&mudk ikMYH unfrh v d sif þ vlausmaf omjyóemudk jyKrdrnf r[kwaf y/
vljyKaomt&monf vl&aomtusKd ;ESiYf rjynfph kNH yDavm¿
Oyrm U U U U vlowfaomol/ þol\ vlowfjcif;raumif;rIaMumifY ab;
trsKd ;rsKd ;qdu
k o f nf/ rdrw d pfO;D wnf; vkNH cKpH mG owfcv YJ sivf nf; igYtrIukd b,forl sm;
odrvJ¿ þodw Yk aMumifMY uMu pd;k &dr&f ygonf/ ywf0ef;usio f v d siv f nf; xdo k u
l m;
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wpfrsKd ; jzpfygonf/ towftjzwf t½dkut f ykwv f nf; cHz, G ½f ydS gonf/ xdjkY yif
olb
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aomtusKd ;rsm;udk xdv k o l wform; tu,frjzpfay:oavm¿ jzpfay:oavm¿
tu,fí jzpfay:vsif xdktusKd ;rsm;onf owfjcif;[laomvkyif ef;\ &½So d nfh
tusKd ;xuf ao;i,faeygao;oavm¿
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rdvEd o ´ nf þodYk ppfreS af om raumif;rI\tusKd ;rsm;udk rMunfah om

aMumifY raumif;rI\tusKd ;rsm;ukd vlukad usmí f ½IMunfrh yd gonf/ jyKvkyaf om
taMumif;onf &½Sad omtusKd ;ESiYf rrSsatmif BuD;rm;vsiu f m; taMumif;vufusef
useaf ernfjzpfygonf/
avmuü jyKvkyo f rSsonf &½Sjd cif;ESirYf rSsS atmif ao;i,fonf[í l 4if;?
BuD;xGm;onf[í l 4if; r½Sad y/ jyKvkyjf cif;ESit Yf rSsS om &Mujcif; jzpfMuayonf/
wpfaeYvsif ig;usyw f efatmif tvkyv f yk Ef ikd af o;olonf ig;usy&f NyD; wpfq,fwef
atmif tvkyv f kyEf kdivf sif wpfq,fyif&ayonf/
xdkokYd vlausmaf omtjrifü udk,u f siw Yf &m;jynf0h rIukd rjzpfapEdkiaf om
aMumifY vlausmrf u I kd bk&m;oSsif twif;tMuyf uefu Y u
G cf jYJ cif; jzpfygvSsuf ½Sief m*
aoeonf vlukad usmí f ? rjzpfjzpfatmif tayguftMum;udk r&-&atmif½mS NyD;
bk&m;w&m;awmfEiS t Yf nDqkNd yD; vlukad usmjf yayonf/ xdkokYd ausmaf vmufatmif
rdu
k rf oJ nfrmS vnf; bk&m;oSsiw f &m;awmf\ed'gef; tppftrSef odrYk [kwf &nf½, G f
csut f ppftrSeu f kd rodaomaMumifo Y m jzpfayonf/
½Sief m*aoe\ OyrmESiOYf yar,sonf þtajzüvnf; [yfro d nf
r[kwaf y/ tcd;k cH&aom o&ufo;D onf pdu k af omo&ufo;D ESiYf wpfv;Hk pDjzpfaomf
vnf; pdkuaf omo&ufo;D udkrí DS jzpfonf [lonfrmS ½kyq f ufrjywfaomaMumifY
vlwkid ;f yif todtrSwjf yKEdkiaf yrnf/
odaYk omfvnf; þb0jyKrcl suu f EH iS Yf b0jzpfay:csu0f yd gufwq Ykd ufo, G yf Hk
odkrY [kwf b0jzpfay:csuq f ufo, G yf kH y#doaEönf þb0jyKvkycf suu f u H kd
rSíD jzpfonfqkad ompum;udkum; b,forkYd o DS nf[k ynm½So d rl sm;yif razmfjyEdkif
jzpf&ayrnf/ ½Sief m*aoeudk,w f kid yf if razmfjyEdkif ½d&S ayrnf/
]]qufonf?rSo D nf}} þodaYk jym½kjH zifY qufaMumif;ajymqdck suf rjzpfEikd af o;
yg/ vlt Y ajccHw&m;jzpfaom y&rw¬"r®w\ kYd qufyçkH rSyD t kH jcif;t&m tmum&udk
jyzdvYk ykd gonf/
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Oyrm U U U U t0dZmÆ [laom udavom0#faMumifY ocFg&[laom ur®0#fwkYd

vSnyhf wfvnfajymif;oGm;yk/H ocFg&[laom ur®0#faMumifY 0dnmPfpaom 0dygu
0#fwkYd vnfywfvn S ahf jymif;oGm;yk/H þodkjY yqdkouJo Y kYd jyqdk&efvkyd gonf/
þodjYk yvsiv f nf; y&rw¬wo Ykd nf vlt Y wGi;f jzpfay:aeonfrsm;om½SNd yD;?
vlukad usmí f jzpfysuyf u kH kd rjyEdkib
f J ½d&S ayrnf/ bk&m;oSsiv f nf; þy#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f
w&m;rsm; jzpfaeouJo Y yYkd if a[mygonf/
'kuj© zpfaMumif;vnf; vlxrJ mS /
'kuq © if;&Jrsm;vnf; vlxrJ mS /
Nidr;f csr;f aMumif;vnf; vlxrJ mS /
[l;[l;nm;nm; vlxrJ mS r[kw/f
]]todpw d "f mwfESiYf trSwo f nmrsm;½Sad eao;aomvlxJrSm}}[lí
twdtus a[mcJaY yonf/
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oSsif ra[mcJYay/ w&m;awmfonf ½Sief m*aoe xif
ouJYokdY aemifb0aumif;pm;a&; vkH;vkH;r[kwaf y/ vlY
Nidr;f csr;f a&;om jzpfonf/}}
xdkaY MumifY jyóem\ tar;ESit Yf ajzonf tuef;ESirYf surf jrifwk\ Yd
tvif;a&miftaMumif; aqG;aEG;aecsurf sm;om jzpfawmYonf/ tvif;a&mifonf
rsurf jriftwGuf awG;qqifjcif ajrmfjrifrrI sm;jzifY wefqmqifwikd ;f trSm;wGi;f
eufzYkd jzpfygonf/
½Sief m*aoeESiYf rdvEd w ´ kYd ESpOf ;D vk;H yif uHEiS 0Yf yd gufqufyktH odjzpfaom
ur®óuwmÓPf? þÓPf r½So d nfrmS xif½mS ;onf r[kwyf gavm¿
þtwl um,uH?0pDu?H raemuHrsm; aumif;rIçraumif;rI\ twdrf
teuftvdkuf vlb Y 0jzpfxeG ;f MuonfrmS Munfvifaom rsuaf pYjzifMY unfv h sif
txiftvif;jzpfayonf/ aumif;rIvufuseEf iS Yf raumif;rIvufusef awGU&rnf
½SifÓP ud,
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r[kwaf y/ rdvEd o ´ nf þodrYk Munfah omaMumifY aumif;rIçraumif;rIw\ Ykd tusKd ;udk

vlaoNyD;aemuf jzpfEiS rYf jzpf[k vlukad usmv f eG í
f ½IMunfah yonf/
tar;jyóemonf rSm;onfreS o f nf ta&;rBuD;yg/ ½Sif em*aoe\
þjyóemtajzum; ta&;BuD;ygonf/ ½Sief m*aoeonf bk&m;oSsiw f ynfh
&[ef;wpfO;D tjzpf ajzrnfjzpfaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf tv,fvrf;ynmudk txG#t f xdyaf ygufajrmufNyD;ol
[k tbdou d cf xH m;aomfvnf; olt Y ajzonf rdvEd u ´ o
YJ ykYd if vlukad usmaf wG;xm;
aomtajz jzpfonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf (tv,fvrf;ynmudk txG#t f xdyf aygufajrmuf
NyD;ol[í l ) &[ef;cHxm;aomfvnf; rZÑrd y#dy'gw&m;awmf\ed'gef; odrkY [kwf
w&m;awmf\&nf½, G cf suyf ef;wdki/f þt&mrSsukyd if oabmaygufxm;jcif;½So d l
rjzpfEikd af y/
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onf ]]r*¾}}jzpfonf/r*¾[lonfum; ]]udk,u f siYw
f &m;}}yif
jzpfonf/xdkYaMumifY w&m;awmf\ay;tyfaomwm0efum;
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w&m;awmfonf ud, k uf siw Yf &m;wnfaqmufbYkd jzpfonf/ vlu Y , kd u f siYf
w&m;wnfaqmuf&mü £ó&edrw d® paom wefck;d ½Si?f befqif;½Siw f EkYd iS wYf uG
twårmef? ewfçjA[®mpaom aemufb0/ þt&mrsm; tjzpf atmifjrifatmif
wnfaqmufí r&ay/ þt&monf vlb Y 0twGi;f rS trSew f &m;rsm; r[kwaf y/
'kuo © pömw&m;rsm; r[kw[ f k qdvk ykd gonf/
]]'kuo © pöm}}w&m;onf ]]vlt Y wGi;f ü½Sad omw&m;rsm};} jzpf
onf/]]'kuo © pömudk ydki;f jcm;odonf}}qdkonfrmS ]]vb Yl 0udk
ydki;f jcm;em;vnfxm;jcif;}} jzpfayonf/
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vlb Y 0udkem;vnfjcif;onfomvsif udk,u f siw Yf &m;udk NyD;ajrmufapEdkif

onf/ xdakY MumifY w&m;awmfü aemufb0aemifb0rsm;½SEd iS rYf ½Sd t,ltqrsm;udk
ud, k u
f siw Yf &m; wnfaqmufru I kd a½Sw
Y ef;wifaomw&m;ESirYf qdik af Mumif; twif;
tMuyf ynwftoday;cJjY cif; jzpfonf/ xdakY MumifÞ Y
]]rZÑdry#dy'g\ed'gef; odkYr[kwf w&m;awmf\&nf½G,cf suf
yef;wdkiu f m; ]]udk,u f siYfw&m;jynfh0a&;}} jzpfayonf/}}
aumif;çraumif;tvkyrf sm;\tusKd ;onf vl\[drk mS zufü½So d nfqvkd sif
[drk mS bufukd vljrifciG Yf tvsO;f r½daS omaMumifY tb,foYkd ud, k u
f siw Yf &m; jynf0h
Edik rf nfenf;¿
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cd;k jcif;uHaMumifjY zpfaom 0dyguf\taiGUtouf[k olwt Ykd odtrSwjf yKjcif; wu,f
r½SMd uay/ xdo k o Ykd m wu,fjyKEikd v f sif þb0jyKr\ I tusKd ;onf tjyKEiS Yf xdu k w f ef
nDrsS vsu½f adS Mumif; olwYkd odMuayrnf/ odvsS iv f nf; uHvufuserf ½Sad omaMumifY
vluv kd eG af omtusKd ;rsm;ukd todtrSwrf jyKEdkif jzpf&ayrnf/
vluv kd eG íf uHusKd ;rsm;udk todtrSwjf yKaeonfrmS ur®óuwmÓPf
rsuaf pYrygaomaMumifY jzpfonf/ xdaYk MumifY olwo Ykd nf "r®ü rsurf jrifrsm; jzpfMu
ayonf/ xdakY MumifY "r®qkid &f m tawG;eufcsurf sm;onf eufoavmuf trSm;
xlrnfjzpfaMumif; em;vnftyfownf;/ þtajzonf ½Sief m*aoe tawG;euf
xm;aom tajzomjzpfonf/ bk&m;oSsi\ f "r®EiS Yf vk;H 0rqdkiaf Mumif; todÓPf
jzpftyfygownf;/
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8/ ur®zvtw¬bm0yO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]jyKtyfNyD;aom aumif;çqd;k ESiYf bke;f uH

wdo Yk nf tb,füwnfygukeo f enf;¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]tpOfwpdu k f
aemufrv S ukd u f ek \f /xkçd þXme nTejf yír&Edik }f }[lí ajzayonf/]]toD;roD;ao;
aomopfyifü þae&mrsm;ü toD;onfwnfaeonf[í l jyír&ouJo Y kYd jzpf
onf}}[lí OyrmjzifY xyfqifY ajzygonf/
þtajzonfvnf; tajzaumif; [kwyf goavm¿
uHonf ½Sief m*aoeajyma[m ajzMum;ouJo Y kYd tpOfwpdkuf t&dyu f YJ
odkaY emufrv S kud af eygoavm¿ ½Sief m*aoeonf þt&mudkjrifvsuf ajymjcif;
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þodkY aemufpum;ESp&f yfonf rwlujJG ym; jcm;em;Muonf/ ½Sief m*aoeonf
avudzk rf;í 'ef;qifaomfvnf; avomjzpfaomaMumifY tu,fp;D íum; &rnf
r[kwaf y/
uHonf ½Sief m*aoe ajymouJo Y kYd jyKolaemufokYd tu,f vdkuaf eo
avm¿ uHonf jzpfNyD;aemufysuo f nf[k ½Sief m*aoecH,o l nf r[kwyf gavm¿
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y&rw¬obm0rsm;onf umvçXme wpfcck rk sS ra½TUrajymif;bJ½&dS onf

r[kwyf gavm¿tb,fokYd jyKolaemuf vdkuaf eoenf;¿
uHum; vdkuo f nfr[kw?f uH\owåo d mvdkuof nf/þodkY ajzvdkrl ajz
Edik yf gonf/ uH\owåu d m; y&rw¬tm;jzifY xif½mS ;½Sad omw&m; [kwyf goavm¿
þodkY jyefíaqG;aEG;&ayrnf/ þodrkY [kwEf kid o f nfrmS vnf; odv, G Ef kid f
ygonf/xdaYk MumifY ]uH\owå}d qdak omt&monf ]uH\ *kPo f &d t
f ½Sed t f 0g}rsm;
odrkY [kwf ]uH\tpGr;f tp t&nftcsi;f }rsm; jzpfygonf/
uHonf *kaP;? uH\owåo d nf *kP/f þodckY jJG cm;&ayrnf/ *kPo f nf
*kaP;ESiu Yf if;í wnf½EdS kid yf goavm¿ uHEiS u Yf \H owåo d nf aeESiaYf ea&mifjcnf?
rD;ESiYf rD;\tvif;a&mif ponfwEkYd iS w Yf yl gonf/
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aea&mifçrD;tvif;-þt&mrsm;onf *kPyf pön;f rsm; jzpfMuygonf/
*kPyf pön;f rsm;jzpfaom aea&mif?rD;tvif;-þt&mrsm;onf *kaP;jzpf
aom aeçrD;-þt&mrsm;üuif;í odrkY [kwf tcsed u f u
G v f yfjyKí wnfaeEdkiMf u
ygoavm¿
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aumif;jcif;½Sad omuHonf uHEiS t Yf wljzpf&aom oabmw&m;rsm;udk csr;f om
aomtjzpfukd pGr;f &nfowå½d ydS gonf/ þt&monf uH\owåw d pfrsKd ;jzpfí tESpf
tom; wpfcw k nf;jzpfaomw&m;rsm; jzpfygonf/
uHEiS 0Yf yd gufonf uHEiS 0Yf yd guf[í l emewåjzpfaomfvnf; uHonfwjcm;?
0dygufonfwjcm;-þodrYk [kw/f þuHonfyif &ifu Y suo f mG ;aomaMumifY 0dygufjzpf
oGm;onf/ xdakY MumifY uHEiS 0Yf yd gufwo kYd nf {uwåjzpfonf/þodkY qdkvkyd gonf/
uHEiS 0Yf yd gufonf þuJo Y kYd wom;wnf;jzpfaomaMumifY uHEiS 0Yf yd gufwkYd
tMum; tcsed u f u G vf yfrsm; tjcm;tqD;jzpfí rjzpfyg/ xdt Yk wl ae&muGuv f yfrsm;
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uav;wnf½So d nf[k ½Sief m*aoe a&mf&rf;rSe;f qouJY
odkY rjzpfEkdiyf g/
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xrif;wdüYk vnf; tMum; ½Syd goavm¿acgif;avmif;xd;k jcif;ESiYf acgif;avmif;oH
wdüYk vnf; tMum;½Syd goavm¿xdaYk MumifY uHEiS 0Yf yd gufwt Ykd Mum;ü uHjyKoal emufoYkd
waumufaumufvku d af eaom uH\owåq d kad om w&m;uav;½So d nf[al om
txif xm;p&mr½Syd g/ uH\owå[ d al om w&m;onfvnf; r[kwyf g/
þowåo d nf ]]uH\o[Zmwowå}}om d jzpfonf/
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onf xdkuEH iS t Yf wljzpf&aom oabmw&m;rsm;udk csr;f omapouJo Y kYd xdkuH
csKyq f ;Hk NyD;aemuf qufvufíjzpfay:aeaom xdo k abmw&m;rsm;udv k nf; aemuf
uHwpfcck \ k twm;qD;rcH&rDxd qufvufcsr;f omaomtjzpfukd jyKvyk jf cif;pGr;f
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emrfwu kYd kv
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jzpfay:aom½kyçf emrfwu Ykd v kd nf; uHEiS t Yf wljzpf&aom ½kyçf emrfukd tjcm; aumif;ç
qd;k ESpw f eftm;jzifY pGr;f &nf½o dS avmuf qufvufa0befaomowå½d o dS nf/ þodYk
jzpfygonf/
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uH\tusKd ;jzpfaom acgif;avmif;oHonf ay:xGuo f nf/ xd;k Ny;D aemufvnf; quf
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vufí acgif;avmif;oH ay:xGuaf eonf/xdk;pOfay:xGuo f m acgif;avmif;oH

onf xd;k jcif;ESit Yf wljzpfaom xd;k jcif;\tusKd ; jzpfonf/ xd;k NyD;aemuf qufvuf
ay:xGuaf eaom acgif;avmif;oHonf xd;k jcif;\aemufqufwt JG usKd ; odrYk [kwf
xdk;jcif;\ oD;jcm;tcsed üf jzpfaomtusKd ;/ þodkY jzpfygonf/
uHonf ½Sief m*aoe rSe;f q&rf;a&mfouJo Y kYd 0dygufrjzpfbJ wnfaeNyD;?
t&dyu f oYJ Ykd jyKoal emufoYkd waumufaumufvu kd af eonf[í l r½Syd g/ uHEiS 0Yf yd guf
onf uHEiS 0Yf yd guf[í l ESpaf xGjym;aomfvnf; rSspEf iS 0Yf g;uJo Y kYd tEkEiS t
Yf &ifo Y m
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aoeonf rSm;aomtar;½SiEf iS x Yf yfwl tjrifjzpf½adS eolom jzpfonf/xdkaY MumifY
opfo;D r½Sad o;aomopfyifü opfo;D oD;&ef b,frmS wnfonf[k r&Edkio f uJo Y kYd
uHonfb,frmS wnfonf[k r&Edkiaf Mumif; ajzqdkjcif;jzpfonf/
þtajzonf uHjyKolü uH½o dS nfuku d m; twnfjyKay;csuf ajymyg
onf/ rodonfuko d m tjcm;rodaomt&mESiYf oufaoxljcif;? ajzMum;jcif;
jzpfygonf/ opfyiftoD;roD;ao;í opfyif\tb,frmS wnfonf[k rjyEdkif
aomfvnf; opfo;D oD;&ef toD;"gwfrsm;½So d nf trSeyf if/ þtrSejf zifY rdvEd t ´ rSm;
ukd a[mwpfv;kH -a[mwpfv;kH aeatmif xdk;azmufzsuq f ;D aeawmYonf/
9/ OyyZÆwZd meeyO§m ?
10/ Ak'ë'd óeyO§m/
þjyóemwd\ Yk tajzrsm;onf 'óeynmESiYf rsm;pGmoufqikd jf cif;
r½Sad omaMumifY a0zefp&m txl;r½SNd yD/
Ak'¨0*f NyD;\/
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7/ o&m* 0Dw&m* ememu&PyO§m?
þjyóemwd\ kY tajzrsm;onf 'óeynmESiYf rsm;pGmoufqkid jf cif;
r½Sad omaMumifY a0zefp&m txl;r½SNd yD/
8/ ynmywd|meyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]ynm b,frmS wnfovJ}} [k rdvEd ´

\tar;udk ]]wnf&mb,frmS xif½mS ;r½S}d }[k ajzonf/]]avonf wnf&mrxif
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r[kw[ f ak jzonf/ Oyar,srS pum;vk;H teuftw¬onf xif&efcufcaJ omfvnf;
OyrmzufrS pum;vk;H rsm;\ teufonf ,aeYvrl sm; rxifol ½Sm;aeMuayonf/
,aeYvlrsm;todü av\teuftw¬ukd ½Sief m*aoeajymouJYokdY
oabmuszkt Yd aMumif; r½SMd uay/ avonf b,ft&yfü xif½mS ;pGmrae[k
ajymqdk&ef cufcyJ gonf/ t&yfwkid ;f ü av½Sad eygonf/ vlwikd ;f yif avtwGi;f ü
aeaeMu&ygonf/ urÇmajrjyifESiYf ayrnfrSsjrifYvsif zdtm;rnfrSs½o Sd nf/
xdkx
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pum;rsm;vnf; rSeu f efcv YJ sif aumif;vdrrYf nf[k xifygonf/ þtaMumif;t&m
udk twdtuso;kH oyfjy&efawmY pma&;olü tiftm;½Sv d o S nf r[kwyf g/odakY omf
þt&mudk ra0zefí roifaY vsmyf g/
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ynmonf raem'Gg&[laomÞ0dyguftcsKd UEiS Yf tqif;?toH?teH?Y t&om?tawGUrS
wyg;aom "r®m½k[ H al om tm½ku H kd pkpH rf;aomtcg jzpfay:wwfaomw&m; jzpf
onf/ ,if;onf jzpfNyD;vsif vk;H 0yifysuo f Ok ;f onf/
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jzpfonf/ xdakY MumifY ynmonf wnf&mrJw Y &m;rlum; r[kwaf y/ xdkojkYd zpfaomf
vnf; tb,fae&mü pdk;tkyí f aeonf[í l um; r½SEd kid af y/
ynmonf uHpw d üf twljzpfonfqkt d /hH xdkupH w d f csKyfaomtcg ynm
vnf; csKyfonf/ uHcsKyfaomtcg uH\tusKd ;0dygufrsm; jzpfymG ;Muonf/
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jzpfaom0dygufvnf; ynmjzpfymG ;jyefonf/
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onf ynm½Sad om raem'Gg&jzpfaeonf/ ,if; raem'Gg&ESiYf wpfckckaom"r®m½kH
wdko Y nf taMumif;tm;avsmpf mG qkpH nf;Mujyefonfqkv d sif raem0dnmPfrsm;
jzpfMuayrnf/ xdu k üH vnf; xdu k \H jzpfymG ;&m 'Gg&rsKd ;jzpfaomaMumifY ynmyg
aom jzpfymG ;vduk jzpfymG ;jcif; ½Sad vonf/ þodyYk if ynm\ywd|metjzpfonf
½Sad yonf/
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raumif;[laom ynm/ þynmrsm;onf q,fEpS t f ½G,f i,f½, G pf Ofu jzpfcYJ

onfqv kd sif tESpw f pf&mt½G,x f d cdik u
f snaf eonf[k xifz, G ½f adS yonf/ tb,fY
aMumifq Y kad omf tESpw f pf&m½Sad omt½G,üf þt&mrsm;udk þtwdki;f yif odae
aomaMumifY jzpfonf/
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onf/
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vsm;pGm raysmufrysuf wnf½adS ecJaY omynm r[kwyf g/ ,if;udk OyrmESiaYf jymrnf
qdkvsif þodkY ajym&ygrnf/
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onf/ ,aeY yef;ynm½Sirf sm;xH½adS eaom yef;ynmonf tESpw f pfaxmif½NdS yD
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d J ½Sad e
onf/
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cefuY ynmESiYf pnf;urf;enf;vrf; tppwlnaD omaMumifY odkrY [kwf tESpw f pf
axmifcefu Y oifMum;csuu f kd tqifq Y iftY arGcH o,faqmifvmcJaY omynm
jzpfaomaMumifY tESpw f pfaxmifcefu Y ynm[k qd&k onf/ þynmonf ynm½Sif
xHrmS jzpfymG ;aomt&m jzpfaomaMumifY þynm½Sirf jS zpfaom ynm[kvnf;
qdEk ikd jf cif; jzpfygonf/
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tcgü ynmonf tu,fynmr[kwaf wmY/ ynm\ vrf;aMumif;BuD;rl
jzpfawmY\/ ,aeYv\ l oP²mefü jzpfay:aeaom ynmomvsif ynmjzpfygonf/
tu,f½adS eonfum; ,aeYvx l rH mS om jzpfawmY\/twdwrf S vltqufquf
xH½cdS o YJ nfqkad om ynmrsm;um; ,cktcsed üf r½Sv d ;kH vk;H qk;H cJNY yD;jzpfygonf/
þtwlyif q,fEpS t f ½G,üf pdwåKygÜ 'fwpfcrk pS í jzpfymG ;cJaY omynmonf
tESpw f pf&m\aemufqk;H pdwåKyÜg'füjzpfaomynm rjzpfEkid yf g/ odkaY omfvnf;
xdkynmESiv Yf nf; uGi;f qufuif;aomynmrlvnf; r[kwyf g/ þodykY if ynm\
oabmonf ]]½Sad eygvsuf nTejf yp&mr½Sad omt&m}}[k ½Sief m*aoeqdkouJo Y kYd
r[kwyf g/ þt&monf euf½idI ;f odraf rGUvo S jzifY apYpyfatmif txyfxyf rIe;f cs,f
ajymqdkoifyY gonf/
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ok;H oyfjyvdu k yf gonf/
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9/ oHom&yO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]oHo&m[lonf tb,foyYkd genf;}}[l
aom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]xdrk aS oí þrSmarG; /þrSaoí xdrk mS arG;/ xdrk mS aoí
aemufwjcm;rSmarG;/ þodv Yk n S vhf nfaejcif;onf oH&mjzpfonf}}[k ajzayonf/
þtajztwGuf Oyrmudk þodjkY yonf/
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tjcm;o&ufyifjzpf\/ xdko&ufyifrS aemufxyfo&ufapY&\/ þodykY if qk;H p
rxif}}[k jzpfayonf/
oHo&monf þod[ kY kwyf goavm¿
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oówrdpäm'd|rd sm;onf oHo&mudk þodyYk ifjrifMuonf r[kwyf gavm¿
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avm¿
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onf ouúm,'d|o d rm;rsm;ESiYf xl;jcm;csujf zpfonf/
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udkjrifjcif;aMumifjY zpfaom tusKd ;rSerf w S yg;jzpfaom t&mrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
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Muonf/
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½Sifem*aoevnf; vlüusa&mufaeaom'ku©udk ajz½Sif;&efenf;vrf;r½Sd/
xdok w
l üYkd vnf; xdt Yk wl r½S/d þodjYk zpfygonf/xdo k w
l oYkd nf þb0jzpfae&onfrmS
£ó&çxm0&-þolw\ Ykd zefqif;csuaf MumifjY zpfonf?þb0udk jyifqifír&-
[lí jzpfMuonf/ jyifjcif;jyifvsif aoNyD;aemufryS ifjyifEkid rf nf[í l jzpfonf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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½Sief m*aoevnf; þtwdik ;f jzpfonf/ þb0 jzpfaeonfrmS rarG;rDu

uHrsm;aMumifY jzpfonf/ xdaYk MumifY jyifr&awmY/ jyifjcif;jyifvsif aoNyD;aemufryS if
jyifEkid rf nf[í l jzpfonf/
½Sief m*aoe\ b0tjrifonf vlrsm;udk ud, k u
Yf MH ur®mudk rzefwnf;Edik f
aomtjrif jzpfonf/ xdkorl sm;\ b0tjrifonfvnf; þtwdki;f yifjzpfonf/
udk,MYf ur®mudk rzefwnf;Edkiaf wmYvsif vGwv f yfr[ I ol nf tb,fenf;¿
vGwv f yfr\I 'kw, d emrnfonf udk,MYf ur®mudk zefwnf;Edkijf cif;[lí
jzpfonf/vGwv f yfrrI ½Sv d sif Nidr;f csr;f rIonf ½Srd nfr[kwaf y/ tb,fah Mumifq Y akd omf
vGwv f yfr[ I o l nfrmS vnf; Nidr;f csr;f rI\ 'kw, d emrnfjzpfaomaMumifY jzpfayonf/
xdakY MumifY ½Sief m*aoeESiYf ouúm,rdpäm'd|[ d k tac:cH&aomyk*Kd¾ vfw\ kYd
wlnaD eaom aemufwpfcsurf mS Nidr;f csr;f atmifvu l rvkyEf kid jf cif;yif jzpfonf/
½Sief m*aoe\ ½kyçf emrfjzpfpOfrnfonf wuúorm;wdk\ Y todom
jzpfaeayonf/ ½kyçf emrfpaom wpkw H ckaom odp&mudkoad om todonf
ok;H rsKd ;cef½Y EdS kid yf gonf U U U U
(1) oabmw&m;tod (pmod=oifMum;csut f od)?
(2) udk,af wGUtod (igod=0dnmPfo)d ?
(3) EIid ;f csed q f ufpyfçBuHpnfcsut f odEiS Yf awGU½cSd sut f od-wdYk jzpfygonf/
þü ]oifMum;csut f od}[lonf þodjYk zpfygonf/ þ½kyf þemrfrsm;
onf þod-Yk þodo Yk abm½SMd uonf/ udpt ö m;jzifY b,fv/kd &otm;jzifY b,fenf;/
0dyguf½t dS m;jzifY b,fy/Hk y'tm;jzifY b,f[ef-ponfjzpfonf/ þodYk oifMum;í
odjcif;jzpfonf/
]BuHpnfcsut f od}onf þodjYk zpfonf/ oifMum;csut f ay:rSm awG;ac:
í þ&kyçf emrfEiS Yf xd½k yk çf emrfwo Ykd nf obm*jzpfEikd o f nf/ 0dobm* jzpfEikd o f nf/
xdkjY yif obm*jzpfjcif;aMumifY b,fokYd yGm;pD;rIrsm;?pky, f rl rI sm; jzpfEkid o
f nf?
0dobm*jzpfjcif;aMumifY b,fojkYd zpfEkid o f nf/ þodo kY jd cif;jzpfygonf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
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]awGU½cdS sutf od}[o l nfrmS þodjYk zpfygonf/ oifMum;csuu f kd qufí

BuHpnfjcif;rjyKbJ oifMum;csuu f ykd if oifMum;cH&aom pum;rsm;t& w&m;udk
jzpfap? 0w¬Kypön;f ESiYf vIy½f mS ;rIrsm;udk awGU½cdS suf jzpfonf/oifMum;csupf um;\
teufonf þt&mjzpfonf/þodo kY jd cif;jzpfonf qdkvkyd gonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf ½kyçf emrfpum; ajymaeaomfvnf; ½kyçf emrfuo kd &d mü
'kw, d enf;jzifo Y m odaeoljzpfonf/ 'kw, d todonf 0dnmPfo(d =wuúo)d om
jzpfonf/ wwd,todomvsif ynmod(='óeod) jzpfonf/ yXrtodru l m;
oifMum;csut f od(=0peod)rSsom jzpfonf/ pmtkyt f od[k qdkvkyd gonf/
oifMum;csut f odonf pmtkyx f rJ q
S m;uJo Y kYd jzpfonf/
wuúou d m; td;k xJrq S m; jzpfonf/
'óeodum; qm;zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyku H kd pdwjf zmíodjcif; jzpfonf/
½Sief m*aoeodaom ½kyçf emrfum; ud, k af wGU½yk çf emrfomjzpfonf/tu,f
vlwküYd jzpfay:aeaom ½kyçf emrfuko d o d nf r[kw/f xdkaY MumifY ½Sief m*aoe\
½kyçf emrftodonf ½kyçf emrftod\ NyD;pD;&rnfw h m0efukd rNyD;pD;apEdkijf cif; jzpfay
onf/ xdaYk MumifY ½Sief m*aoeonf bk&m;a[maom ½kyçf emrfjzpfpOfudk oifMum;
vsuf b0tjrifü bk&m;oSsiEf iS o Yf ;D jcm;í oówrdpäm'd|rd sm;ESiYf wom;wnf;
usae&jcif; jzpfonf/
[kwyf gonf/ ½Sief m*aoeonf oówrdpäm'd|rd sm;ESiYf wom;wnf;
jzpfaeygonf/ ol\b0tjrifonf olaqmifaomOyrmtjrifEiS v Yf nf; [yfrd
jcif;r½S/d ol\Oyrmü rsKd ;apYaMumift Y yifçtyGiçYf toD;jzpfNyD; rsKd ;apY/ wzef rsKd ;apY
aMumifY tyif/ þodkY pOfaeonf/ þodjkY zpfaomfvnf; þtyifEiS Yf þtyifrsKd ;
aMumifjY zpfaom xdktyifwo kYd nf ESpyf ifukd wpfyifwnf;omjzpfonf[k owfrw S f
p&mr½Sad y/ owfvnf; rowfrw S Mf uyg/
½Sief m*aoe\ Oyar,sü a½S;uHaMumifY ,ckb0jzpf/ ,ckuaH MumifY
aemifb0jzpf/ þodjYk zpfaomfvnf; a½S;b0? ,ckb0?aemifb0-þt&mrsm;onf
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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wpfckwnf;r[kwMf u/ xdakY MumifY wpfckwnf;[k rowfrw S of if/Y xdkokYd rowfrw S f

oifyY gbJvsuf ½Sief m*aoeonf vlrsm;-wpfckwnf;[k owfrw S af paeygonf/
owfrw S af pykrH mS þodkjY zpfonf/
]]aemufb0 tyg,fwcH g;ydwí f edAmÁ efçewf½mG wHcg;yGi&Yf ef ,ckuyif
ukov kd jf yKMu}}[k apcdik ;f csurf sm; jzpfygonf/}}
þt&mrsm;onf aemufb0rsm;twGuf ylyefMuaomaMumifY jzpfyg
onf/ tb,faY MumifY ylyef&oenf;¿
xdkaemufb0onfvnf; udk,yf ifjzpfaeaomaMumifY r[kwyf gavm¿
tu,fí r[kwyf g[k qdv k v kd sif ud,k cf &H rnf r[kwyf gbJvsuf tb,f
ylyifp&m½Syd gtHeh nf;¿/ ud, k rf [kwo f l wjcm;vltwGuf ud, k rf n
S pmxrif; tiwf
cHí Oykoaf pmif&Y ef?jciftudkuçf ziftylçtanmif;rdcí H w&m;xdki&f ef tb,fvkd
ygrnfenf;¿
xdbk 0jzpfrnfo h o l nf ud, k rf [kwaf omfvnf; roem;&NyDavm¿[kum;
ar;zG,½f ydS gonf/ udk,u Yf k,d u f krd S oem;n§mwm&rnf[k rqdkvkyd g/ udk,rf [kwf
aomfvnf; oem;n§mwmEdkiyf gonf[k ajz&rnf/ oem;vdkvsS if onfavmuf
ta0;tvHBuD;udk ½SmazGoem;aep&mrvdk/ rsuaf rSmufawGaY e&aom vlçwd&pämef
ESiyYf ;kd rTm;/ þt&mrsm;onfvnf; xdrk q S ufjzpftaYH om vlEiS Yf ud, k rf [kwo f nfjcif;
twlyif jzpfygonf/ xdkokdYjzpfvsif rjrif&aom xdkrSmbufjzpftHYaomolukd
oGm;a&mufreS ;f arSsmf oem;aernft h pm; rsuaf rSmufy*k Kd¾ vrf sm;udk oem;oifv Y o S nf/
þodkY oem;oifo Y nfukad usmí f [dkrmS zuftxd ta0;tvHukad rSsmNf yD; oem;&ef
BudK;pm;jcif;rSm {uEÅyif r½d;k om;í jzpf&ygrnf/ tu,f½;kd om;vsiu f m; þodYk
BudK;pm;rnfr[kwyf g/
½Sief m*aoeonf þodrYk BuKd ;pm;aomolw\ Ykd ]]þb0 þud, k pf ?H aemuf
b0 aemufuk, d cf }H }[laom t,l½S o dS u l kad wGUvsif tjyif;txef xdwv f efrY nfoh l
jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifY ½Sief m*aoeonf vlrsm;udktoday;csujf zpfaom
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
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tu,fusio Yf ;Hk rIonf ½Sief m*aoe\ ½kyçf emrftjrifEiS Yf tHr0ifciG rf us uGm[csuf

wif;vif; jzpfaeygonf/
wuúorm;rsm;onf ajymovdv k yk íf ? vkyof vdk ajymolrsm; r[kwMf u/
tajymu wjcm;? tvkyu f wjcm;jzpfMu\/
½Sief m*aoevnf; xdkuk, d Ef iS þ
Yf udk,f wjcm;pDjzpfaomaMumifY xdkuk, d f
ESiþ Yf ud, k f wjcm;pD[k rodoal wGxuf? xdu k , kd t
f wGuf þud, k uf vky&f ef cdik ;f ap
oljzpfonf/
xdakY MumifY ½Sief m*aoe\ b0oHo&mtjrifonf ½Sief m*aoe\ b0
tjrifomjzpfaMumif;/ bk&m;oSsi\ f b0oHo&mtjrifEiS Yf roufqkid af Mumif;
ed*;kH rSwcf suf jyK&ygonf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
133
134
10/ pd&uwo&PyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]MumjrifpY mG rSm jyKcJcY surf sm;udk pdwjf zifY
atmufarYEikd o f nf r[kwaf vm}}[laom rdvEd t ´ ar;udk ]]r[kw}f }[k ajzayonf/
]]atmufarYpOfü pdwrf ½S/d xdaYk MumifY owdjzifaY tmufarYEikd o f nf[o k m rSw&f rnf}}[k
ajzayonf/
þjyóem\tajzonfvnf; þok;H oyfcsut f aejzifY r ok;H oyfEkid f
aomtajz jzpfonf/okaYd omfvnf; 0wfauswef;aus ok;H oyfrS oifrY nf/ xdaYk MumifY
ok;H oyfvku d yf g\/
MumjrifpY mG rSm jyKcJo
Y nfrsm;udk atmufarYonfum; owdjzpfoavm¿
owfjzwfck;d qdk;p&mjzpfaom tm½krH sm;udk MumjrifpY mG rSm atmufarYjcif;onfvnf;
owdyifavm¿owdonf þodjkY zpfvsif aombPw&m; rjzpfb½J rdS nf xifyg
onf/ owdonf aombPw&m;vnf; jzpfygonf/ bk&m;paom &wemrsm;ESiYf
uHEiS u Yf \H tusKd ;?þt&mrsm;uko d m owdonf ,SOzf ufemru©Em¨ udkatmufarY
apaomw&m; jzpfygonf/
taombPpdwrf sm;jzpf&mü owdjzifaY tmufarYrrI mS tcGi½Yf mS ír&/
taombPw&m;rsm; jzpf&müvnf; MumjrifpY mG rS jyKccJY surf sm;udk atmufarY&csuf
[lí ½SEd ikd af umif;onf r[kwyf gavm¿
tu,fí owdjzifY atmufarYonfqv kd sif owdr,SOaf om xdpk w d rf sm;j
zifY MumjrifpY mG rS jyKccYJ surf sm;udk ratmufarYEikd bf J ½S&d ygrnf/ atmufarYEikd o f nfyif
r[kwyf gavm¿xdkaY MumifY owdjzifY atmufarYEkid o f nfqkad omt&mrSm tcuf
tcJ½ydS gonf/
y&rw¬w&m;rsm;onf u½dkP;f [kqkt d yfaom tok;H cHowård sm; tu,f
½Sad eMuonf r[kwyf g/rsuaf pYjzifY tqif;ukd jrifonfajym&aomfvnf; rsuaf pYü
tqif;ukjd rifjcif;twGuf tu,ftok;H cHowå½d o dS nf r[kwyf g/ xdt kY wl zójzifY
tm½ku H kad wGUxo d nf?bk&m;üvnf; zóü tm½ku H kad wGMY u&mü tok;H cHowård sm;
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
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tu,f½o dS nfr[kw/f
y&rw¬w&m;rsm;onf jzpfumrSsrwåjzifjY zpfaom bm0owåo d m½Sad om
w&m;rsm; jzpfMuyg\/tm½kEH iS 0Yf w¬KwYkd qkrH Md uaomtcg jzpfay:umrSsowård sm;om
½SMd uaom w&m;rsm; jzpfMuygonf/ þodYk wdu k q f rHk &d mü tb,fw&m;rsm;onf
tb,fojkYd zpfay:Muonf? tb,fy&rw¬w&m; tb,fupd u ö kd aqmif½u
G Mf u
onfqkad om tajymrsm;rSm rsm;pGmeuf½idI ;f vSyg\/
½ky0f w¬Kypön;f wpfck\ EsLuvD;,[kac:aom t&muav;twGi;f ü
tb,fjrLrsm; tb,frsS yg0ifonf[k pufu&d , d maygif;rsm;pGmjzifY ynm½Siaf ygif;
rsm;pGm pl;prf;½SmazGaeMuonfrmS umvMumjrifu Y keNf yD/ xdkEsLuvd,taMumif;
tvk;H pko
H Nd yD[k aMujimEdkiaf vmufatmif tqifrY a&mufao;bJ ½Syd gonf/
tm½kEH iS 0Yf w¬Kwdkuí f jzpfaom w&m;rsm;ü tb,f"gwfrsm; yg0ifonf
ponfukd tvk;H pko H &d efrmS vG,u f al omt&m rjzpfEkid o f nfrmS aocsmygonf/
BuHqíajymqdkjcif;iSm roifo Y nfrmS ajrBuD;vufcwfrvGaJ omt&mvnf; jzpf
onf/
xdkaY MumifY taombPyu©"r®rsm;jzpfpOf atmufarYonfrmS tb,f
w&m;jzpfonf[k rajzbJae&rnfom jzpfyg\/ þjyóemonf 'óeynmudk
txG#t f xdyaf ygufa&mufow l kYd ajz&efyif jzpfapcsiyf gonf/
11/ tbdZmeEÅowdyO§m / / þtajzrsm;udkvnf; rok;H oyfawmYyg/
owd0*f NyD;\/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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rdvEd y´ O§m
t½ly"r®00w¬me0*¾
ud,
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f ikd f bwf½v
I v
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½SifÓP ud,
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k )f
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ud,
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7/ t½ly"r® 00w¬me0*¾
1/ owdOyÜZeÆ yO§m/ /þtajzrsm;ukv

d nf; rok;H oyfawmYyg/
2/ Ak'*¨ kPowdy#dvmbyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]aocgeD;cg bk&m;*kP&f nfrsm;ukd owd&

od½t dS ?hH ewfjynfüjzpfonf/ olt Y oufowfrjI ziYf i&Jusonf/ þpum;rsm;
tb,foYkd ,k&H tHeH nf;¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk OyrmjzifY ajzayonf/ OyrmrSm
þodkYjzpfygonf U U U U
]]avSEiS u
Yf if;vsif ausmufciJ ,fyif a&üepfonf/ avSwifvsif ausmufcJ
BuD;aygif;rsm;pGmyif a&ay:ay:onf/ ukov kd of nf avSEiS w Yf o
l nf}}[líjzpfonf/
þtajzonf tarSmifwiG ;f rStajz jzpfonf/ tarSmifonf jyKola&m?
Munho f yl g rjrifEkid af omt&m jzpfonf/ odakY omf jyKol\pum;vk;H u Al;ay:ovdk
ay:atmifajymEdkiv f sif Munfo
h v
l nf; tu,fjrif&ovdkvkd jzpfvmEdkiyf gonf/
tu,fpifppfü tar;jyóemüyg0ifaom i&J?ewfjynf þpum;vk;H rsm;
udk ar;ola&majzolyg tu,fteuftw¬ od½o dS rl sm; r[kwMf uyg/ Mum;bl;em;0
ESiYf BuHqcsurf sm;om odMuolrsm;jzpfMu\/olwo kYd nf ajray:üvlwu kYd kx
d m;í
i&Jukd ajrBuD;atmufü4if;? ewfjynfukd aumif;uifü4if; xm;Muolrsm; jzpfMu
ayonf/
bk&m;oSsif nTejf ytoday;cJaY om tyg,fi&JEiS Yf vlçewfçjA[®mrsm;onf
y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fpufvnfjcif;rS xGuaf y:vmaom 'ku'© *D &D tedrt Yf jrif?Y tEkt&ifY
\ trnfemra0g[m&rsm;rSsom jzpfayonf/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fpuf tvnfc&H aom
wpfvrH sS avmufaom þudk,Bf uD;jzifY umvtm;jzif4Y if;?Xmetm;jzif4Y if; tenf;
i,frsS tMum;½Sad omt&mrsm; r[kwMf uyg/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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xdkorkYd odbv J suf ajzMum;aomt&mjzpfaomaMumifY þtajzonf

trSeEf iS Yf eD;vSsif eD;ayvdrrYf nf/ odaYk omfvnf; rjrifbJ rSe;f í&rf;íajymaomtajz
jzpfaomaMumifY wduszkq Yd kod nfum; rjzpfEkid af y/ pum;vS½krH sS om jzpfayonf/
pum;vSrsm;onf rEl;reyfwwftyfaomynmuJo Y Ykd vlukd 'kur© sm;pGm 'kua© y;wwf
ayonf/ þpum;vSrsm;onfvnf; vlu'kd u k r© sm;pGmay;vsuf ½S\ d / b,foaYkd MumifY
enf;¿
bk&m;oSsi\ f *kPaf wmfonf rsm;pGmBuD;aomukov kd [f k qdv k \ kd / þ*kPu f kd
yGm;vsif tyg,frvm;[laom t"dygÜ ,fvnf; ouf\/ xdaYk MumifY ,aeYvrl sm;onf
þ*kPu f kd vdt k yfonfxuf ydv k su½f adS eMuayonf/ tu,fü þ*kPaf wmfonf
pdw"f gwfjr§iw Yf ifa&;vkyif ef;rSsom jzpf\/ ,if;vkyif ef;onf pdw"f gwferd u Yf sae
ao;oa½GUtxd jyKvkyo f ifaY omt&m jzpfonf/ pdw"f gwfjrifw Y ufvmí jynfNh yD
qdkvsiu f m; jyKvkyo f ifaY omt&m r[kwaf y/
,aeYvrl sm;onf pdw"f gwfjr§iw Yf ifa&;vkyif ef;udkyku d v f suf aozdjkY yifqif
aeMuonf/ pdw"f mwfjr§iw Yf ifjcif;onf pdw"f gwfjrif½Y jkH zifY udprö NyD;ay/ pdw"f gwf
jrifrY m;NyD; tvkyv f kyEf kid b f kYd jzpf\/ bk&m;tay:ü pdw"f gwfjr§iw Yf if&jcif;onf
bk&m;a[mcJaY om todynmrsm;ukd vdkupf m;yGm;rsm;csiv f m&ef twGuo f m
jzpfonf/ ,if;odjkY zpfvmNyD; yGm;rsm;rS pdw"f gwfjr§iw Yf ifjcif;\wm0ef NyD;qk;H onf
[k qdk&ayrnf/
bk&m;oSsi\ f *kPaf wmfonf orxbm0em\tm½kH jzpfayonf/ orx
bm0emonf pdwu f kyd mG ;rsm;&aom bm0em jzpfonf/ xdakY MumifY bk&m;oSsi\ f
*kPaf wmfukd yGm;rsm;jcif;onf pdw"f gwfjr§iw Yf ifjcif; jzpfayonf/ bk&m;oSsi\ f
*kPaf wmfukd yGm;rsm;jcif;onf bk&m;oSsi\ f wefb;kd jzwfír&aom t&nftcsi;f
rsm; ydik q f ikd af wmfryl u Hk dk odjrifNyD;? rdrb d 0udk bk&m;oSsio f Ykd ,kNH yD;ykEH ikd &f eftwGuo f m
jzpfonf/ odrkY [kwf bk&m;oSsin f eT Mf um;aomvrf;udk rrSw d rf okH ,kNH yD;vdkuEf kid &f ef
twGuo f m jzpfayonf/
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þodjYk zpfvsuf rdru d ,kd u

f kd bk&m;oSsix f yH /Hk odrYk [kwf bk&m;oSsin f eT af om
vrf;udk vdu k zf aYkd wmYjyifqifjcif; r½Sb d J *kPaf wmfawGuo kd m zdNyD;yGm;rsm;aejcif;aMumifY
tb,foYkd tusKd ;rsm; NyD;apEdik yf grnfenf;¿
pdw"f gwfjr§iw Yf ifjcif;onf vdktyfonfxufykv d mvsif pdwq f efvmwwf
ayonf/ yXrü vlupdwu f kd jr§iw Yf ifaomfvnf; aemufü pdw"f gwfjrifw Y ufrI
aemufoYkd vlyg-ygoGm;cH&wwfonf/ tvkyu f kd tpü vluvkyaf omfvnf;? aemuf
ü tvkyu f vluv dk yk o f mG ;wwfonfrmS "r®wmjzpfonf/ ud, k af rG;aomarsmufu
udk,uYf kjd yefajcmufonf[al om pum;vnf; ½Sad yonf/
½Sief m*aoe\ *kPaf wmfEiS pYf yfvsO;f í &rf;a&mf*P k w
f ifraI MumifY rsuaf pY
tjrifr½So d wl koYd nf pdw"f gwfjr§iw Yf ifa&;vkyif ef;ü epfjrKwfcaH eMu&ayonf/
bk&m;oSsi\ f *kPaf wmfonf ukov kd u f m; trSejf zpf\/ tyg,fukd wm;
jrpfwwfonfvnf; trSejf zpf\/ odkaY omf rEl;reyf rapYrpyfum; rqdkoif/Y
ukokv d jf zpfyEkH iS Yf tyg,fukw d m;jrpfyu kH kd qdkcsiv f sif apYpyfxrd pd mG qdkoifaY yonf/
bk&m;oSsi\ f *kPaf wmfonf avmb?a'gouif;aeolw\ Ykd t&nftcsi;f
awmfjzpfayonf/ avmb?a'gouif;jcif;\ t&nftcsi;f tpGr;f owåu d kd
od&jcif;onf avmb?a'gouif;csipf w d uf kd jzpfapayonf/
avmb?a'gouif;csipf w d o f nf aumif;aompdwf jzpfonf/ tb,fY
aMumifq Y kad omf xdkpw d af MumifY owfjcif;?cdk;jcif; paomw&m;rsm;rSm rSeo f nf-[k
,lqcJjY cif;rsm;ukd vScJ sypfaomaMumifY jzpfonf/ xdkaY MumifY xdkpw d of nf ukokv d f
pdwf jzpfonf/ xdkukokv d pf wd rf ½Sv d sif twdwu f cH,cl sujf zifY owfjcif;ponf
olt
Y wdki;f twmESiYf rSeo f nf[al om t,ltqudk vufcx H m;ayrnf/ þodkY
vufcx H m;vsif qufí owfjcif;ponfukjd yKayrnf/ csr;f omuif;jcif;onf
i&Jr[kwí f tb,fjzpfrnfenf;¿
i&J\ t"dyÜg,foufoufonf csr;f omuif;jcif;yif r[kwyf g
avm¿
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
141
142
þodv Yk sif owfjcif;ponfrsm; tyg,fuswwfyEHk iS Yf *kPaf wmfymG ;jcif;rsm;

tyg,fukw d m;jrpfwwfyku H kd odapoifaY yonf/ þodkY tjzpfukd tjzpftwdki;f
todray;vsif rsuaf pYtjrifr½Sad omolwkdYonf tvky\ f twdki;f twmudk
ausmvf eG íf 'kue© ,ftwGi;f oufqif;usa&mufomG ;wwfayonf/
]]wefvsiaf q; vGev f siaf b;}}[laom pum;vnf; ½SNd y;D jzpfonf/*kPaf wmf
onf wefck;d ½So d nfrmS rSe\ f / txufü qdkcNYJ yD;aom twdki;f twmtxdom
jzpfapayonf/ ,if;udkausmv f eG í
f twdki;f rodaom wefck;d ½So
d nf[kqkv
d siuf m;
ab;jzpfzkYd ½Sad yonf/
þjyóem\tajzpum;üvnf; ]]*kPaf wmfonf wefc;kd ½S\ d }}[lonf
rSmyif tqk;H owfae\/ tb,ftwdki;f twm[lí od&efr½Sad y/ twdki;f rod
jzpfaeayonf/
3/ 'ku©yÜ[me0g,ryO§m
þjyóemonf atmufü aqG;aEG;NyD;rsm;jzifY tusK;H 0ifygonf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
142
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4/ jA[®avmuyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]vljY ynfrS ,lZemig;oef;ckepfoed ;f ajcmuf

aomif;(57ç600ç000)a0;aom jA[®mjynfoYkd auG;aomvufarmif;udk tm;jzifY
qefaY omtcsed t f wGi;f ü wefck;d ½Sirf sm;oGm;Edkio f nfqko d nfrmS ,kzH ,G t f b,f½ydS gtHh
enf;¿}}[k rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk atmufygtwdki;f ajzayonf/
]]þae&mü ,lZemESp&f ma0;aom tvoaE´muRe;f ü oifi,fpOfu
jyKvkycf o YJ nfukd wpfcPtwGi;f jyefvnfreS ;f rd atmufarYEkid o f nf r[kwyf g
avm¿þtwljzpfonf}}[k ajzayonf/
þtajzonf wuútajzomjzpfonf/ ar;olrvIyEf ikd &f efom tusKd ;NyD;
aomtajz jzpfonf/ ar;ol\todü arSmifaeonfukd vif;vmapEdik af omtajz
rjzpfEkid /f rD;aoG;rIerf sm; vdr;f cs,af y;xm;aomtajzom jzpfonf/ þtajzudk
ajzolonf wefckd;qdkaom pum;vkH;\ tajccHteuftw¬ukd od½aSd omol
rjzpfEkid af y/ xdkokrYd odbv J suf wefck;d ESipYf yfvsuf BuHqcsurf sm; xkwv f iT aYf eol
jzpfayonf/ xdkaY MumifY tajzonf trSeEf iS u Yf mG a0;aomtajz jzpf&ayrnf/
þtajzudk tenf;i,f pdppfjyygrnf/
wefck;d ½Sio f nf ,lZemaygif; ig;oef;cGaJ usmaf 0;aom jA[®mjynfqko d nf
udk csujf cif;a&mufatmif oGm;Edkio f nfqkv d sif xdkwefck;d ½Si\f ½kyjf zifNY yD;aom
ud,k u f m,BuD; r½So d avm¿
½kyu
f k,d u f m,BuD; ½Sad e&ayrnf/ tu,fí ½Sad evsif ½kyu f k,
d uf m,
onf ½kyo f bm0wdk\ Y ed,mrtwdki;f oljY 'yfEiS Yf nDrsS aom tav;csed ½f &dS ayrnf/
xdo k qYkd v
kd sif xdu k , kd u f m,\ tvsiEf eI ;f onf þrSsjrefqefjcif;r½SEd ikd f jzpf&ayrnf/
½kyrf sm;üvnf; tvif;\ vsiEf eI ;f yif þrSsr½Sad y/ tvif;\tvsiEf eI ;f onf ½kyf
rsm;\ tvsiq f ;kH ?tjrefq;kH ?tjrifq
Y ;kH aom tvsiEf eI ;f yif jzpfayonf/ wefck;d ½Sif
qdkolonf þEIe;f udkaemufcseí f oGm;Edkiv f kdvsif pdwEf SiY½f kyu
f kdcGJí pdwcf sn;f
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
143
144
oD;oefo Y mG ;&zdYk ½Syd gonf/ pdwu f ;l jzifo Y mG ;a&mufjcif;onfvnf; tu,fomG ;a&muf

jcif;[k rqdEk ikd /f xdaYk MumifY pdwEf iS ½Yf yk u f ckd í JG pdwcf sn;f oD;oefY txnftjzpf &yfvsuf
oGm;&zd½kY o dS nf/ wefck;d ½Sio f nf þodjkY yKEdkiyf grnfavm¿pdwo f nf ½kyEf iS uYf if;í
þodakY om&yfwnfEkid pf &m ½Syd gowJaY vm¿
bk&m;oSsi\ f today;csujf zpfaom ynwfawmfrsm;üum; pdwo f nf
tm½kEH iS 0Yf w¬K ESpcf kqkí H jzpfaomt&m[líom ½Sad yonf/ xdkt&mrsm;udk rpGrJ b DS J
pdw[ f í l ½Sad umif;onfr[kw/f
xdaYk MumifY wefc;kd ½Sio f nf ½kyu f ckd gG xm;cJNY yD; oGm;íjzpfonfvnf; r[kwaf y/
wefck;d ½Sio f nf wefck;d ½Sad omaMumifY rjzpfEkid [ f í l r½S/d ol½Y ky\f tav;csed u f kad omf
4if; aysmufapvdku azsmufEkid o f nf/ ol½Y ky\ f vsiEf eI ;f udkaomfvnf; ½kyw f \
kYd
vsiEf eI ;f ed,mrxuf ausmv f mT ;atmifjrifapvdku atmifjrifapEdkio f nf/ aemuf
qk;H pdwEf iS ½Yf kyuf kyd if wpfupJG jD zpfapvdku cGEJ kid o f nf/ þodkY wk;H wdMuD; ajymvdku
ajymEdkiyf g\/ þodq kY kv
d sif ar;&rnf/ wefck;d [lonf b,ft&mrsm;enf;¿
avmuDr[*¾KwfpsmefrmS jzpfap? avmukwå&mr*fzkv d pf smefrmS jzpfap t
ajccHw&m;rsm;onf qE´? 0D&, d ? 0Dro H ESiYf pdwå/ þav;yg;om½Sad yonf/
þw&m;rsm;\ teuftw¬rmS Þ
(1) vlü jzpfapvdkaomaZmoefaejcif;(qE´)?
(2) wuf<uaejcif;(0D&, d )?
(3) pdwjf zmodaejcif;(0Dro H )?
(4) pdwx f ufoefaejcif;(pdwå)?
þt&mrsm;om jzpfayonf/
þt&mrsm;udkyif wefck;d jzpfaomt&mrsm;[k ajym&ayonf/ wefck;d
[laomtrnfonf pum;eufü tb,fo½kYd rdS nfukd rajymEdkiaf omfvnf; oabm
eufü NyD;ajrmufjcif;udk qdkvkad yonf/ qdkcNYJ yD; oabmw&m;rsm;rS wpfyg;yg;
a½SUwef;a&mufaevsif NyD;ajrmufjcif;[laomt&mudk &½SEd kid o f nf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
144
145
Oyrm U U U U ta0;u tqif;?toHukd jrif&?Mum;&rIrsm;udk NyD;ajrmufapjcif;/

olpY wd uf kd od&rIrsm;udk NyD;ajrmufjcif;/ wpfu, kd w f nf;jzpfvsuf ud, k t f &mtaxmif
ru vdkcsio f avmuf cGEJ kid jf cif;/ a½S;jzpfa[mif;rsm;ukd atmufarYEkid jf cif;/ aESmif;
jzpfawGrsm;udv k nf; rjzpfru D yif ay:apEdik jf cif; ponfwu Ykd kd NyD;ajrmufapjcif;rsm;
jzpfMuonf/
þNy;D ajrmufjcif;rsm;onf ,aeYvo l m;rsm;xHü rawGUcsit f qk;H jzpfaeMu
onfr[kwyf gavm¿ w½kyjf ynfrS armfpw D ;kH onf wefck;d ½Sad omaMumifY vdktyfvsif
armfpw D ;kH aygif; oef;½Sp&f mrSs udk,cf jJG yjcif;udk NyD;ajrmufapEdkiyf gonf/eu©wåaA'
ynm½Sirf sm;onf wefc;kd ½Sad omaMumifY urÇmajrBuD;udk vuf0g;ay:wif MunfEh ikd f
onf/ aeESiv Yf tjyif N*dK[frsm;ESiYf urÇmajrrS ESpaf ygif;uka#uk#m oGm;&aom
Mu,frsm;udyk if ok;H oyfEikd Mf uayonf/ xdo k aYkd omwefc;kd ½SiBf uD;rsm;\ wefc;kd ½Sed af pmf
tmEkabmfjzifY vlwkid ;f vdkyif ta0;u tqif;ESit Yf oH Mum;ae&jcif;? ta0;odkY
tqif;ESit Yf oHrsm;udk xkwv f iT EYf ikd jf cif;? a&ay:ü vrf;avSsmufEikd jf cif;? aumif;uifü
vrf;avSsmufEikd jf cif;/ þt&mrsm; Ny;D ajrmufaeonf r[kwyf gavm¿ ½lyaA'ynm
½Sirf sm;onf rsuaf pYjzifjY rif&aom jrLrIe\ f 1296pdwf wpfpw d rf sS aom jrLrIeu f av;
aygif;rsm;pGm vIy½f mS ;oGm;vmonfukd odEkid Mf uayonf/
xdNk y;D ajrmufjcif;rsm;onf obm0tavsmuf Ny;D ajrmufaeaom Ny;D ajrmuf
jcif;rsm; [kwyf g\avm¿qE´?0D&, d ?0Dro H ?pdwåwjYkd zifY txyfxyfymG ;rsm;tyfaom
aMumifY xGuaf y:vmaom NyD;ajrmufjcif;rsm; r[kwyf gavm¿ wefc;kd \ teuft"d
yÜg,fonfþodakY omt&mrsm;udk ckeaf usmí f zGiv Yf sif b,foo kYd ifEY kid yf grnfenf;¿
qdck NYJ yD;aomt&mrsm;onf avmuDwefc;kd rsm; jzpfMuonf/ avmukwå&m
wefck;d rsm;um; aw0dZw Æ kYd jzpfMuonf/
Ä b0ordik ;f udyk ikd ;f jcm;odEikd jf cif;(ykaAÁe0d go)?
Ä b0yk[ H efukd trSeu f soEd kid jf cif;('dApÁ u©K)?
Ä b0a½SUa&;udk tawG;ruRjH cif;(tmo0u©,)? wdYk jzpMfuonf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
145
146
wefc;kd ud4k if;? wefc;kd jzpfapaMumif;w&m;ud4k if;? ½Sief m*aoeonf rod½dS

bJ wefc;kd ukd wuújzifaY jzqdx k m;ayonf/ þtajzrsm;onf vlwx Ykd rH S todÓPf
rsKd ;apYrsm;udk vufpwk;H azsmufzsujf cif; jzpfonf/ vlrsm;udk aemufxyftodÓPf
y#doaE¨rsm; rude;f awmYbJ NrKo H mG ;aponf/ avmuwpfcv k ;Hk udk todÓPf rsKd ;jyKwf
atmif vkyv f ukd jf cif;om jzpfygawmY\/ xdaYk MumifY xdt k ajzonf todÓPftoD;
tyGirYf sm; a0qmae&ef jyKpkaeaom bk&m;oSsiEf iS Yf vk;H 0roufqkid af Mumif;
odMuapvdkonf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
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5/ 'GEd éHavmukyÜEémeH orubm0yO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]vlYjynfrSaoí vlYjynfüjzpfolESiYf

jA[®mjY ynfüjzpfow l Ykd b,foal ES;í b,fojl refrnfenf;¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk
]]twl}}[k ajzayonf/ ]]a0;&mESieYf ;D &m pdwu f ;l vsif twlyifr[kwaf vm}}[kvnf;
Oyrmay;onf/ ]]opfyif\tedrüYf em;aeaomiSuEf iS Yf tjrifüY em;aeaomiSuf
wd\ Yk t&dyaf jray:usa&mufcsed f twlwyl ifr[kwaf vm}}[kvnf; Oyrmay;onf/
þtajzonf aumif;aomtajz rjzpfEkid /f tar;onfum; wm;jrpf
tyfaomtar; jzpfygonf/ tvGerf nfonf rodonfrsm;ukd todjyKNyD;ar;aom
aMumifY þtar;ygaompum;rsm;onf tvGerf odtyfonfjzpfyu kH kd atmufü
qdck NYJ yD/
½Sief m*aoeonf rdu k w
f iG ;f eufaomolyifjzpfonf/ ar;olom rodonf
r[kwb f ?J ajzolvnf;rodEikd af omt&mrsm;udk BuHqí ajzayonf/ ajzMum;csuf
Oyrmudkvnf; rSeaf tmifay;Ekid jf cif; r½Sad y/ olay;aomOyrmESpcf kteuf
aemufay;aomOyrmonf tu,freS af omOyrm r[kw/f
opfyifzsm;rSiu S Ef iS Yf opfyif&if;em;rSiu S t f &dyrf sm; ajrodu Yk scsed jf cif; wlMu
ayonf[k qdkxm;ayonf/ tu,fü wlí&onfr[kw/f tvif;onf eD;vsief ;D
ovdk? a0;vsiaf 0;ovdk aemufusjcif;?apmjcif; jzpfonf/ t&dyo f nf tvif;udk
jzwfawmufjcif;jzpfí xdt kY wl a0;?eD;jcm;em;rIay:wGirf í DS taES;?tjref jcm;em;
Edkiaf yonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf rodonfukd rodonftwdki;f raebJ rodonfukd
todvyk w f wfonf/ rodonfukd rodonft h wdik ;f aejcif;onf rsm;pGmrrSm;Edik af y/
rodonfukd todvkyjf cif;onf trSm;tiftm;udk w[kex f k;d BuD;xGm;aponf/
xdakY MumifY ½Sief m*aoeonf rdkuw f iG ;f eufaomol jzpfonf/
þjyóemonf tm;í ,m;ouJo Y akYd omjyóem jzpfonf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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148
6/ aAmZÑ*FyO§m ?
7/ ygyyknmeH tyÜgEkyÜbm0yO§m ?
8/ ZmeEÅmZmeEÅ ygyu&PyO§m /
þjyóemrsm;ü txl;ok;H oyfz, G f r½Syd g/ rSm;vsif euf½idI ;f pGm rrSm;Edik f
aomjyóemrsm; jzpfygonf/ xdakY MumifY rok;H oyfvkad wmYNyD/
9/ Owå&uk½kum'd*reyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]þud, k Bf u;D jzifY ajrmufuRe;f ? jA[®mjynf

ponfoYkd oGm;Edik o f ½l ydS goavm}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]½S\ d }}[k ajzayonf/
]]pdw½f o dS rl sm; ½Spaf wmifrsS pdwrf w S jf zifcY keEf ikd of uJo Y kYd avYvmNyD;jcif;odakY &mufaom
pdw½f o dS w l efc;kd ½Si&f [ef;onf ud, k u f pkd w
d üf wifí pdwpf rG ;f jzifY aumif;uifoo Ykd mG ;Edik f
ayonf}}[k qd\ k /
þtqdkonf pdwu f ;l ,OftqdkrsS om/ xdktqdküÞ
]]um,Hpad wå orma&maywGm}}[k yg½So d nf/
]]ud, k u f pkd w
d üf wifí}}[lí jzpfonf/
pdwo f nf udk,Ef iS o Yf ;D jcm;aeEdkiaf omt&mvdkvkyd if/
pdwo f nf tm½kEH iS 'Yf gG &rsm; aygif;qkrH í d jzpfonf/ jzpfNyD;vsif ysuo f nf/
pdwo f nf txnfj'yfuif;rJaY omypön;f jzpfonf/ jzpfay:qJrmS yif trIet f ao;qk;H
uJo Y aYkd om trIeyf if rjzpfay/ pdwo f nf tm½ku H o kd jd cif; trlt&muav;oufouf
rSsom jzpfonf/
xdkpw d af y:ü udk,u f kw d ifrnfqkv d sif rnfow kYd ifrnfenf;¿ jzpfqpJ w d uf
av;ü tao;qk;H trIeu f av; wpfpw d w f pfzrYJ sS aom trIeu f av;½So d nf qdkyg
tH/h xdkpw d rf eI u f av;rsm; aygif;pkpH Ofwef;aeaom pdwt f vsOBf uD;[lí ½S&d myg\/
þodkY pdwt f vsOBf uD; ½Sad evsiu f m; a&tvsOüf avS,mOfrsm;wifEkid o f uJo Y kYd
ud,
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f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
148
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jzpfayonf/ pdwo f nf jzpfqüJ yif þrSsao;i,fvo S nfqkad om trIe?f tzwf?

t&nf?taiGUrsS r½Sad omaMumifY pdwt f vsOBf uD;[lívnf; r½SEd kid /f
xdo
k jYkd zpfvsuf ½kyu f pkd w
d af y:wifrnfrmS tajymomjzpfNyD;? wu,f vkyí f
r&ay/ ]]£'¨rd m bduK© apawm0 odyaÜ wåm}}[laom avYvmNyD;tjzpfa&mufaom
pdw½f o dS l wefck;d ½Si&f [ef;qdkonfrmS vnf; ½Sief m*aoe tarSmifusaeaompum;
rsm; jzpfonf/
xdt
k aMumif;rsm;aMumifY þtajzonf ½Sief m*aoe\ pdwu f ;l ,Oftajz
rSsom jzpfygonf/pdwrf w S jf zifcY ek Ef ikd o
f nf qdo k nfrmS ud, k u
f pkd w
d rf w
S af y:wifxm;í
ud,k Bf uD;cke<f uvmjcif; r[kwyf g/ ckerf nf[al om pdw\ f pdwåZ½kyrf sS om jzpfygonf/
pdwåZ½kyjf zifY ckeEf kid jf cif;onf pdwt f m;jzifcY keEf kid jf cif; r[kwyf g/ ½kyt f m;jzifcY keEf kid f
jcif; jzpfygonf/ ckejf cif;udkjzpfapwwfaom taMumif;rsm;ukd jzwfxm;ygu
b,favmufpw d rf w
S ½f ½dS dS <uwufvmrnf r[kwyf g/
þtajzonf vlrsm;udk pdwu f ;l ,Ofacsmufurf;yg;odkY wGe;f csaeaom
tajz jzpfonf/
10/ 'DC|dyO§m
þjyóemtajzvnf; rok;H oyfcsib f ,
G f jzpfygonf/ orkj'monf
tu,fí wpf,Zl emyif reufcsiaf y/ þtaMumif;udk ar;olvnf; odonf
r[kwaf omaMumifY ajzwdki;f vSaeonf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
149
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11/ tómo yómo eda&m"yO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]xGuo f uf0ifoufukd csKyfapEdkio f nf

qdok nfrmS tb,focYkd sKyaf pEdik yf goenf;¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]pwkw¬
psmefjzifY csKyaf p\}}[k ajzayonf/ Oyrm ajrmufraS jrmufygrnfvm; rajymEdik f
avmufaom atmufygpum;vnf; qdkayonf/
]]tdyaf e&if; a[mufaeolonf ud, k u f kd tenf;i,fjyifvu kd vf sif r
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awmfrrnfaom pum;awmfrSsom/ odkYr[kwf tv’myov’mypum;rSsom
jzpfygonf/ þodjkY zpfonf[kvnf; bk&m;oSsiu f k,
d w f kid f wzGzaG jymcJyY gonfÞ
]]olYw&m;rSeo f rSs\txG#o f nf opömjzpfon}f }[lí jzpfygonf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
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179
xdkpum;t& bk&m;oSsio f nf b,fokaYd omynm½Sit f jzpf cH,o l nfqkd

onfrmS xif½mS ;vSygonf/
bk&m;oSsio f nf tusirYf eS uf kn
d eT jf ycJaY om b0tbd"r®mynm½Sio f m
jzpfygonf/ blrad A'ynm½Sif r[kw/f tmumoaA'ynm½Siv f nf; r[kwyf g/
xdaYk MumifY xdyk nm½Sirf sm;omajym&rnfh ajrvIyjf cif;taMumif;udk bk&m;oSsif ajymcJY
onfqko d nfrmS ajymzdkt Y cGio
Yf ifaY eí tqufqufr, S xl m;Muaom ajrvIyjf cif;
taMumif;½Spyf g;udk azmfxkwaf jymqdkjcif;om jzpfygonf/ ÓPfawmfoabmESiYf
ajrvTmudpk pfaMumNyD;ajymjcif; rjzpfEikd yf g/
bk&m;oSsio f nf þÓPfawmfrsKd ;udk qnf;yl;olvnf; r[kwyf g/ rqnf;
yl;onft h wdki;f þÓPfawmfrsm; jzpfymG ;aernfvnf; r[kwyf g/ r[kwo f nfh
twdik ;f qifjcif½MI unfrh nfvnf; r[kwyf g/ r½IMunfo h nfth wdik ;f þ½Spyf g;om-
[k jrifrnfvnf; r[kwyf g/ jrifO;D awmYawmifrS a[majymrnfvnf; r[kwyf g/
tb,fah Mumifq Y kad omf þtjrifonf opömESiYf odrkY [kwf vlrNI idr;f csr;f a&;qdki&f m
tusiw Yf &m;rsm;ESiYf ywfoufjcif;r½Sad omaMumifY jzpfygonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf þtcsuüf rSm;,Gi;f pGm &yfwnfaeayonf/ þ
jyóem\tajzonf þtcsuEf pS cf suf trSm;t,Gi;f ay:ü &yfwnfvsuf ajz½Si;f
xm;aomtajz jzpfayonf/
þrSsjzifY þjyóem\tajzudko;kH oyfcsuf ed*;kH csKyfvku d af yonf/
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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180
5/ od0&d mZpu©K'geyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]vSLNyD;í rsuaf pYr½Sad om od0rd if;ü

ewfrsuaf pY&onfqko d nf yuwdrsuaf pYukrd rS&D bJ ewfrsuaf pYb,fvk&d rnf
enf;¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]opömtrSu D rkd í
DS ewfrsuaf pY&onf}}[k ajzay
onf/
þtajzonf vlukd odoo d momBuD;ausmaf omtajz jzpfonf/ opöm
qdkaomt&mudk twGi;f üt&aumufckid ;f vsif ½Sief m*aoeonf aumufjyEdkirf nf
r[kw/f xdakY MumifY vlukad usmaf omtajzjzpfonf[k qdkvko d nf/ vlukad usmaf om
tajzonf r½d;k aomtajz jzpfonf/ odrYk [kwf trSew f &m;udv k n
S phf m;aomtajz
jzpfonf/ þtajzrsKd ;udk ½k;d ½d;k ajzírajyEdik af om jyóemrsm;udk udik w f ,G &f müom
ajzqdkMuayonf/ ykjH yifrsm;üqdkvsif odMum;u,fZmwfvrf;[k ajym&ayonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf þodv Yk n
S phf m;&aomtajzrsKd ;jzifY rudik w f , G vf sif rjzpf
aom tajctaeodkY qdkuaf &mufae&jcif;rsm; ½Syd gonf/ ,if;wdkrY mS yXrtcsuf
onf qdkcNYJ yD;aomjyóemtwdki;f yif ZmwfawmfxrJ S od0rd if;udk tu,f½cdS o YJ nf
[k uav;qefqef txifxm;aejcif;jzpfNyD;? aemuftcsurf mS ewfrsuaf pYukd
rodjcif;ESiYf opömudek m;rvnfjcif;rsm; jzpfygonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf þrSm;,Gi;f aom &yfwnfcsuw f jkYd zifY þjyóem\
tajzudk udik w f ,
G af eayonf/ xdaYk MumifY odMum;u,fZmwfvrf; jzpfae&jcif;yif/
½Sief m*aoonf Zmwfawmfrsm;ukd wu,f½o dS nf[k txifxm;ol jzpf
onf/ bk&m;oSsio f nf owå0gwpfO;D OD;tm; trSew f &m;udk wu,fem;axmifEikd f
aomtajctae½S&d ef odrYk [kwf opömtwGuf wuf<uaompdwaf y:vmp&ef Zmwf
awmfwpfckukd a[majymjcif; jzpfygonf/
xdkZmwfawmfonf emol\b0ESiYf nDnw G af e&ayrnf/ emolrjrifEkid f
aom? emol\ wu,fb h 0opömjzpfaom 'kuE© iS Yf 'kuj© zpfaMumif;rsm;aMumifY
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
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xdkZmwfawmfüausmv f mT ;jy&ygrnf/ xdktcg emolonf pdw0f ifpm;vmonf/

þodjkY zpfonfukÞ d
]]O'pöu?© yo'¨pu ö }© }rsm;jzpfonf[k qd&k ygrnf/
uav;i,ftrdkuu f av;rsm;ukd trSm;udka½Smifí trSeu f kad qmifapvdk
vsif þt&mudrk vkyEf iS /Yf xdt k &mudv k yk [f k nTejf yumrSsjzifY atmifjrifrnfr[kwf
ay/ xdkuav;b0ESiYf tusipYf ½dkucf si;f wlaom ykjH yifukad jymjyí ykjH yifxrJ jS zpf&yf
rsm;udk opömwyfjyjcif;jzifo Y mvsif atmifjrifrnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;oSsio f nfvnf;
&[ef;½Siv f w l küYd opömudkjy&mwGif tcsKd Uwku Yd kd ykaH jymí odkrY [kwf Zmwfawmfukd
a[mMum;í jyawmfral yonf/
Zmwfaygif;onfqko d nfum; þZmwftwGi;f b,foo l nf ,ck b,f
oljzpfonf? þodkw Y yftyfqkcd jYJ cif; rjzpfEkid af y/ þZmwftwGi;f rS b,foo l nf
,ckb,foo l mvsijf zpfoifo Y nf[al om oabmrSsyif cyfqifqifwo l nfrsKd ;udk
ac:onf/
þodv kY nf; jzpfayonf/ 0w¬Kjzpfap? Zmwfç½ky½f iS jf zpfap? a,musmf ;ESiYf
rde;f rwdYk twlMunf½h aI eMuonf qdyk gpd/Yk ½ky½f iS çf Zmwfç0w¬KwüYkd a,musmf ;çrde;f rwdYk
cspBf udKurf oI bm0udjk yqdak om tcef;jzpfvsif Munf½h o I al ,musmf ;onf Zmwf0w¬K
xJrS a,musmf ;omjzpfí? rde;f ronfvnf; xdt kY wl rde;f romjzpfaeayonf/
Munfo h al ,musmf ;rsm;onf Zmwf0w¬KtwGi;f rS rde;f rrsm;\cHpm;csuu f kd
udk,cf pH m;Mu&onf[k ratmufarYEkid Mf uay/ udk,Ehf rS çtarESiYf udk,chf spo f w l kYd
cHpm;Mu&ovdyk g cHpm;Mu&ayonf/ rde;f rrsm;vnf; þuJo Y yYkd if jzpfonf/ Zmwf
0w¬KxrJ S a,musmf ;rsm;onf cHpm;&csurf sm;ukd ud, k cf pH m;&onf[k ratmufarhay/
udk,t hf az? armifi,fEiS Yf cspo f wl ckYd pH m;&ovdkyg cHpm;Mu&ayonf/
xdakY MumifY Zmwfaygif;aomtcg b,foo l nf ZmwfxrJ S b,fojl zpfcYJ
onf/ þodq kY kad omfvnf; tu,fjzpfco YJ nf[k qdkvko d nfr[kw/f ZmwfMunfph Of
tcgu ZmwfxrJ ZS mwfaumifonf rdrjd zpfaeouJo Y jkYd zpfjcif;udkom qdkvk&d if;jzpf
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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onf/ ½Sief m*aoeonf þodkyY if Zmwfawmfrsm;\ teuftw¬jzpfaeonfukd

rod½b dS J ZmwftwGi;f üyg0ifaom Zmwfaumifrsm;onf xdktcsed t f cg xdkae&m
qdkonfü tu,fyif ½Scd yYJ if ½Scd o YJ nf/ þodkrY w S x f ifol jzpfonf/
xdjYk yifvnf; þjyóem\tajzü rSm;,Gi;f apaomtcsurf mS 'dApÁ u©Kukd
½Sief m*aoe rodjcif;yifjzpfonf/½Sief m*aoeonf 'dApÁ u©Kudk yuwdrsuaf pY
udrk í DS jzpfaomt&m[k ,lqol jzpfayonf/ 'dApÁ u©Konf trSet f m;jzifY rSeaf jymif;
uJo Y yYkd if jzpfygonf/rSeaf jymif;onf yuwdrsuaf pYxuf tqaygif; axmifaomif;
uka#ydkí jriftm;½daS omfvnf; yuwdrsuaf pYrygbJ jrifír&ay/
½Sief m*aoeonf þodx kY ifojl zpfayonf/ qdkvko d nfrmS 'dApÁ u©Konf
eud, k t f aexuf tqaygif;rsm;pGmydí k jriftm;ydv k monf[í l jzpfonf/ tu,f
'dApÁ u©Konf þodrYk [kw/f yuwdrsuaf pYEiS Yf vm;vm;rSsrqdik yf gacs/ 'dApÁ u©KwiG f
pu©Kyg0ifaeaomfvnf; yuwdro H rsuaf pYEiS Yf vk;H 0rtyfpyfaom wifpm;csuf
pum;om jzpfonf/ todÓPfukd rsuaf pYüwifpm;í ac:xm;aompum;om
jzpfygonf/ xdakY MumifY 'dApÁ u©Konf yuwdrsuaf pYukd rrSyD g/
yuwdrsuaf pYonf ½kyt f Munfjzpfonf/ ,if;udkrí DS jzpfaompdwrf mS
jrifpw d w f pfcw k nf;om jzpfonf/ 'dApÁ u©Konf ½lypwkwp¬ smefüjzpfonf/ yuwd
rsuaf pY½yk t f Munfukd vk;H 0trSo
D [J rjyKyg/ þt&mudyk if ½Sief m*aoe rjrifyg/
½Sief m*aoe\ þrodro I nf 'dApÁ u©K\ t&rSsom ½Sad o;onf/,if;\tm½ku H kd
vnf; ½Sief m*aoe rodacs/ þ'dApÁ u©K\tm½krH sm;onf ESprf sKd ;½Syd gonf/
'dApÁ u©Konfvnf; ESprf sKd ;yif ½So d nf/ 0dnmPfjzpfaom'dApÁ u©KESiYf
ynm[laom 'dApÁ u©Kjzpfonf/ 0dnmPf'Ad pÁ u©KrSm ½lypwkwp¬ smef0n d mPf jzpf
onf/ ynm'dApÁ u©KrSm avmukwå&m"r®EiS , Yf OS af omynm jzpfonf/
0dnmPf'Ad pÁ u©K\tm½krH mS ta0;tvHwiG ½f o dS nfh jzLeDaMumifusm; rsm;
jym;aom tqif;tm½krH sm;jzpfonf/
ynm'dApÁ u©K\tm½krH mS vlt Y wGi;f jzpfay:aeaom b0tqift Y wef;rsm;
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
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jzpfygonf/ bk&m;oSsi&f nfneT ;f onfh 'dApÁ u©K jzpfygonf/ od0Zd mwfüvmaom

'dApÁ u©KrSm 0dnmPf'Ad pÁ u©K jzpfayonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf þodyYk if 'dApÁ u©Kukd odonfr[kwo f nfrmS 'dApÁ u©Kukd
udkiw f , G [ f efjzifY odomvSonf/ þtcsuo f nfvnf; jyóemudkiw f ,G jf cif;ü
trSeEf iS u Yf if;&ef jzpfygonf/ tjcm;wpfcsuf ½Syd gonf/þtcsurf mS opömudkrod
jcif; jzpfygonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf opömukrd odol jzpfygonf/ ½Sief m*aoeodaomopöm
rSm olrsm;yg;pyfxrJ o S pömom jzpfygonf/ opömESpcf u k kd olxw k jf yonf/ taomu
rif;vufxuf jynfw h efqmropömESiYf w½kyb f k&ifwpfO;D \opöm jzpfayonf/
þopömrsm;onf tu,fjzpfco YJ nf[k oufaoxlp&m wpdk;wpdrsS r½Sad om
opömrsm; jzpfMuyg\/ 4if;opömrsm; tu,fww d u
d sus½cdS vYJ sif ,aeYwikd f ausmuf
wdik af usmufcBJ uD;ay:ü þtjzpftysu\ f trSwt f om;rsm; <uif;useaf ecJrY nfrmS
rkcsyif/
£E´, d wGi4f if;? w½kyjf ynfwiG 4f if; þausmufpmrsm; tu,f½cdS o YJ nf
r[kwaf y/ þtjzpfEiS eYf ;D uyfaom tjzpfwpfckom jzpfc&YJ rnf/ þtjzpfukd
ynmenf;aomolw\ kYd EIwzf sm;jzifaY qmifxm;jcif;jzpfaomaMumifY ½Sief m*aoe
aqmifaom opömyk[ H ef ay:aygufvmjcif;rsKd ; jzpf&ayrnf/
þopömonf y&rw¬opömrsm; r[kwMf u/orkwo d pömrsm;om jzpfMu
ayonf/ orkwo d pömrsm;onf tpGr;f xufMuonfrSm trSeyf ifjzpfonf/
xdok jYkd zpfaomfvnf; ykjH yifxu J odMum;u,fouJo Y Ykd xufMuonfum; r[kwaf y/
opömonf tqdyu f kd aq;? aq;udktqdyf jzpfapEdkio f nfum; trSeyf if
jzpfonf/ þü ,if;wdw kY nf&monf orkwo d pöm trSeyf ifjzpfonf/ ,ckacwf
ynm½Sirf sm;vnf; qdkMuayonf/ aq;0g;[lonfrmS tqdyrf sm;jzpfMuonf
[lí4if;? tjyif;qk;H aomtqdyo f nf taumif;qk;H aomaq;0g;jzpfonf [lí4if;
jzpfonf/ þodYk ajym½ko H majymonf r[kwaf y/ a>r\tqdyo f nf a>rqdyaf jzaq;
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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jzpfonf/ bde;f onf aq;jzpfonf/ y'dik ;f oD;ç qDr;D awmufOrsm;onfvnf; aq;

jzpfonf/
þodaYk omtqdyrf sm;onf tb,fah MumifaY q;0g;rsm; jzpfaeMuoenf;¿
trSeu f ko
d jd cif;[laomopömaMumifY r[kwyf gavm¿ a&cJaowåmtwGi;f ü tat;
"mwfrsm; rnfoaYkd y:&oenf;¿ rD;tylaMumifY jzpfay:&onf/ þüvnf; tylonf
tb,fah MumifY tat;udjk zpfay:&oenf;¿ trSeu f o
kd jd cif; opömaMumifY jzpfonf/
opömw&m;onf rD;xJraS &udk&atmif xkw, f El kid o
f nf/ a&xJrv S nf;
rD;ud&k atmif xkw, f El ikd o
f nf/ avxJrv S nf; a&udçk rD;vd&k atmif xkw, f El ikd o
f nf/
avxJrv S nf; Muufaygifap;,rf;rsm;&atmif xkw, f El ikd o
f nf/ opömw&m;onf
opfo;D udk t0wfjzpfatmif xkw, f El ikd o
f nf/ usiBf uD;usiif ,fuv kd nf; pm;p&mjzpf
atmif vkyEf ikd o f nf/ a&eHuv kd nf; pm;p&mESi0Yf wfp&mrsm;jzpfatmif ,aeYvyk af e
vsuv f nf; jzpfMuonf/
þodkjY zpfatmifvkyEf kid Mf uonfrmS tb,fah MumifeY nf;¿ opömw&m;udk
rS&D aomaMumifY jzpfonf/ tu,fí opömw&m;tay:ü raqmufwnfbJ vkyf
csio f vdk vkyMf unfyh g/ rjzpfay:bJ½rdS nfrmS aocsmvSonf/
opömw&m;\pGr;f &nfowåu d m; þodo Yk m jzpfonf/rmYu\ fö opömpum;
aMumifY vlaerIpepf ajymif;vJrjI zpfomG ;cJo Y nf/ ygpcsm\opömaMumifY vlrsm;tem
a&m*g enf;Muonf/ þodpkY onfjzifY rsm;jym;vSayonf/
opömum; odMum;u,fZmwfvrf;rsKd ; pGr;f onfr[kwaf y/ þtodum;
uav;i,frsm;\tod jzpfygonf/ ½Sief m*aoeonf opömudk þodo kY ad eay
onf/ xdakY MumifY þjyóemudk udkiw f ,G cf suo f nf trSeEf iS rYf eD;aom udkiw f ,G f
csujf zpf&rnfrmS ajrBuD;vufcwfrvGJ jzpfavonf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f bwf½v
I v
Y m&eftwGuo
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6/ *AÇm0uúEyÅd O§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]taMumif;ok;H yg;aMumifY ud, k 0f efwnf

\-[lygvsuf yg&dum&aoYrü taMumif;ok;H yg;rjynfb h J udk,0f ef&aeonf/
tb,foekdY nf;¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk atmufygtwdik ;f ajzMum;ayonfÞ
]]yg&dum&aoYronf 'kuv l &aoY\ r,m;tjzpfaygif;qkjH cif; r½Sad omf
vnf; &aoYr\csuu f v kd uf,mvufrjzifo Y ;Hk oyf\/ ,if;onfvnf; aygif;qkjH cif;
yifjzpfí taMumif;ok;H yg;jynfo h nf}}[k ajzayonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf þjyóemudku, kd w
f ,
G jf cif;ü trSm;ok;H csuu f kd usL;
vGeu f k,
d w
f ,G v f suf ½So d nf/,if;wdrkY mS Zmwfawmfrsm;udk t½Sx d m;jcif;? y#doaE¨
wnfaMumif;ok;H csuüf *EÄÁ taumufrrSejf cif;ESiYf qkawmif;yw¬emaMumifY ud, k 0f ef
wnfonf ponfwckYd , H cl surf sm; jzpfonf/
þae&mü Zmwfwpfc\ k tu,fxif½mS ;½Sad om avmuESiYf rnDnw G rf u
I ?kd
tjcm;ZmwfwpfckrS xif½mS ;½Sad om avmuESirYf nDnw G rf w
I pfckEiS Yf ajz½Si;f aejcif;
rsm;udk rsupf pd yg;arT;aemufaeatmif awGU&ayonf/ Zmwfukd a[mZmwfvkd em;r
vnfaom ½Sief m*aoeonf ol½w I o f uJo
Y kYd olrsm;udkvnf; jznfr&Edkiaf vmuf
atmif ½Iwaf payonf/ Zmwfukd ZmwfjzifaY jzaomtajzonf ZmwfxrJ S vl½iT f
awmfwakYd jympum;uJo Y ykYd if jzpf\/
vl½iT af wmfwpfa,muf ykaH jym&mÞ
]]þpMum0VmwGi&f yfvsuf tjcm;pMum0VmrS jrufrsm;udpk m;aeaom
EGm;BuD;wpfaumif½o dS nf/,if;ud, k \ Hk avm¿}}[k tjcm;wpfa,mufukd ar;onf/
]],k\ H }}[kajzNy;D vsif tjcm;wpfa,mufonf jyefajymonf/ ]]ightazonf þ
aumif;uifukyd w d í
f ykw H ;D &ef usuo f nf/,if;udk ,k\ H avm}}[k jyefar;onf/
]]ykBH uD;onf BuD;vGe;f onf?,k&H efcufonf? þykBH uD;udu k su&f ef om;a&udk oift Y
az b,frmS &rnfenf;¿}}[k jyefar;jyefonf/]]oif; ckeuajymoGm;aom EGm;Bu;D
½SifÓP ud,
k w
f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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aoí&aomom;a&jzifY usuo f nf}}[k jyefíajzonf/

½Sief m*aoe\ Zmwfukd Zmwfjzift Y ajzonfvnf; þoabmESirYf jcm;
bJ ½Sad vonf/þtrSm;onfvnf; þjyóem\ tajztwGuf trSeEf iS aYf 0;rnf
rSm trSeyf ifjzpfonf/
'kw, d trSm;rSm y#doaE¨wnfjcif;taMumif;ü wpfckjzpfaom *EÄu Á kd
y#doaEäevmrnfo h wå0gudk t&aumufxm;ayonf/ þt&monf rrSeyf g/
rrSeaf Mumif;udkvnf; atmufqkcd yYJ gNyD/tvsO;f oifí Y xyfíqdkt/YH
udk,0f efwnfjcif;taMumif;udkÞ
(1) Owkvmjcif;?
(2) rdbESpOf ;D aygif;oif;jcif;?
(3) *EÄaÁ ½SU½I w I nfjcif;[lí ok;H csujf yygonf/
þok;H csut f & yXrtcsurf mS ]]ra*¾e r*¾ ya0óH}}[laom r*fwpfcjk zifY
r*fwpfckuko d iG ;f jcif;udk a,bk,s,&l ygrnf/ wpfpw kH pfckaomypön;f jzifY oGi;f ,l
jcif;vnf; yg0ifEidk cf iG ½Yf ydS gonf/
Owkuv kd nf; rde;f rwdoYk m;tdrrf S qif;vmaomaoG;udk ,l&efroifaY vsmyf g/
om;tdro f qYkd if;vmaom om;Oudk ,loifyY gonf/ om;Oonf om;tdraf &mufí
zdkrsKd ;ESiaYf ygif;azmfatmifjrifjcif; r&½Sv d sif om;avsmonftaeESiYf om;tdrrf S
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vTmESpv f mT pyfaejcif;udk wpfouf[k ½Sief m*aoe qdk&ygrnf/
tv,fvmT ESpv f mT teuf a½SUtvTmonf tusKd ;vTmjzpfonf/ aemuf
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xdktac:rsm;udk bk&m;w&m;awmfrsm;ü todtrSwjf yKygovm;¿ jyKvdkvsif

w&m;0ifjzpfatmif ajymqdkneT jf yzdkY wm0ef½o dS nf/
vlwaYkd 0g[m&jzpfaom pum;t& w&m;awmfonf odjcif;jzpfonf/ vlwYkd
a0g[m&ü b0[lonfrmS arG;rSaotwGi;f 0dygu0#fEiS Yf udavoçur®0#frsm;
vnfvsu½f adS omtjzpfwpfckukd t&aumufpum; jzpfonf/
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apwem\ OyÜg'u© Por*F uav;omjzpfonf/ w&m;awmftwGi;f rS
pum;vk;H udk vlwt kYd ac:ta0: pum;vk;H tjzpf\ teufjzifY tzGicYf &H vsiu f m;
wufwufpifatmif vGaJ yrnf/
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tok;H tEIe;f wd\ kY teufuo YJ kYd tdy&f manmifapmif;ü vJavsmif;ykyo f k;d jcif;[lí
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xdakY MumifY bk&m;oSsio f nf ol\obm0"r®rsm;ü vlaoudk aoonf[k

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trSwjf yKol r[kwaf y/ vlaoukd vlao? vl½iS u f kd vl½iS [ f k todtrSwf jyKawmf
rlonfrmS vlrsm;tvdkuf jyKawmfrjl cif;om jzpfonf/
þaojcif;ESi½Yf iS jf cif;udk tu,faojcif;ESi½Yf iS jf cif;r[kw[ f k jiif;qdak Mujim
jcif; rjyKaomfvnf; þaojcif;ESi½Yf iS jf cif;twGuf bmwpfcrk sS jyKp&m nTeMf um;cJaY v
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teuf½Sad ompum;vkH; ZmwdçZ&mçr&P}}?
þt&mrsm; píjzpfay:&m jzpfonf/
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rnfae&m r[kwo f nfwükYd ok;H EIe;f cJaY om ZmwdEiS ZYf &m?r&PwdkY teuftw¬onf
½Sief m*aoeESiYf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f0b d *FygVdwüYkd aumuf,o l uJo Y Ykd arG;zGm;jcif;? tdjk cif;?
aojcif;rsm;udk raumuf,&l yg/ þodaYk umuf,v l sif w&m;0ifaumuf,jl cif; r
jzpfEikd /f w&m;0ifaom aumuf,cl sujf zpfaom þaumuf,cl suyf gaom pum;rsm;
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onfrmS vnf; r*¾iw f &m;jzpfaMumif;udk ynm½Siw f kyYd if odjrifNyD; jzpfygonf/
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6/ arwåmbm0emedoo
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vnf; oHcsyt f uscÐ Rwx f m;olü jrm;rNyD;ouJo Y Ykd omrowdo Yk m;onf a&td;k yifpY Of
jzpfí arwåmryGm;cdkuüf tqdyjf rm;vmaomaMumifY oifjY cif;jzpfonf}}[lí jzpf
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½Sief m*aoeonf &,fí&atmifvkyaf vonf/
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jcif;xyfwl jzpf&ayrnf/
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r½Sad y/ arwåmonfvnf; apwem? Oykou f oH nfvnf; apwemyif/ Oykou f uH kd

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vdk w&m;wpfcktjzpf aumuf,al erdygonf/
tu,fí ta'goudak umuf,El ikd cf v YJ sif arwåm0d[m&Dqo kd nfukd a&td;k
yifrY I tm;pdu k af e&í ysuu f u G af eonf[al om tqdu k kd ta&;rxm;bJ ½S&d ygrnf/
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Muygap? þodpkY onfjyKvkyrf jS zpfonf/½Sief m*aoeonf þod, kY q l onf/odrkY S
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pum;udk vufcí H jzpfygrnf/
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jcif;ab;&efuif;NyD; usq;Hk oGm;vdjk cif;rsm; rjzpfay:yg/ ab;uif;&efumG vGwv f yf
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csr;f ajrh aecsiyf gonf/ þ pdw\ f trlt&mrsm;onf arwåmjzpfonf/

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olwykYd mG ;aomarwåm ra&mufyg/ tu,fr½Sad ompdw"f gwfukd tu,f½adS v[ef?
tEkynmonfrsm;onf ridkcsib f J idk[efjyKouJo Y kYd vky, f al ejcif;jzpfí tu,f
xdpyfaeaomowå0grsm;udk jyKusi&Yf efwm0efukd xdo k rl sm;jyKrnf r[kwyf g/ xdaYk MumifY
xdkow l k\ Yd arwåmonf tu,f owå0grsm;xH ra&mufaomolwkYd jr§iaYf eaom
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jyKvyk Mf uavonf/
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onf/ þtrSm;aMumifv Y nf; þjyóemtajzonf acsmcf Rw&f onf/ xdjYk yifvnf;
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þt&mrsm;onf pdwu f ;l rSsom jzpfonf/tqdyu f kd rsKd pm;vsuf tjcm;
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w&m;rsm;udk n§ad jymif;Edik cf o YJ nf r[kwaf y/ol½o dS nfukd ½So d nft
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avmuü a>ruku d jf cif;paom tqdyo f ifo Y rl sm;udk *gxmrEÅmefjzifY tqdyf

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avmuü txift½Sm;yif½MdS uonf/a>ruku d íf arYarsmaeolukd xdkow l rkYd ef;rIwf
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[laomþtqdkukjd yKonf/
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rNyD;[kyif ajz&ygrnf/ tb,faY Mumifq Y kad omf rEÅmefq&monf vlrt S qdyu f kd
vnf; ys,af tmifrvkyEf kid af omaMumifY jzpfygonf/
tqdyo f ifí Y arYaeolukd taumif;yuwdjyKEdkio f nfukd 0efcv H su?f vlrS
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jzpfatmif vkyEf kdijf cif;jzpfonf/ tu,f tqdyo f ifYatmif tudkucf H&í arYol
onf rEÅmefq&mxHü ao&rnfrmS rvGJ jzpfonf/
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r[kwaf tmif rjyKvkyEf kid /f
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y&deAd mÁ efjyK&ef 0ufom;\ tpmtqdyo f ifcY &H jcif;? a'0'wfvufcsujf zifY ajcrü
ausmufvmT tusc&H jcif;rsm;jzpfonf r[kwyf gavm¿
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ao&onfr[kwyf gavm¿xdkaY MumifY arwåm\*kPt f medoifjzpfaom tqdyEf iS Yf
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jcif;ESiYf yGm;olukyd if oD;jcm;pDjzpfatmif cGaJ eayonf/ arwåmyGm;jcif;onf
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tar;udk ]]bk&m;wefc;kd jrif&NyD; vlrsm;uRwMf u&efEiS Yf ½Sit f meE´m*kPu f kd azmfxw k &f ef
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oljzpfvsuf b,fenf;ESirYf sS wefck;d udk udk,w f kid jf yKvkyo f rl jzpfEkid /f
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wdt Yk & w&m;ud, k o f nfvnf; a'goçAsmyg'r[kw[ f k qdv k ykd gonf/
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þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]bk&m;wpfqyl iG aYf ecsed üf odrYk [kwf ra½S;

raESmif;tcsed üf tb,fah MumifY aemufbk&m;wpfql yGicYf iG rYf ½So d enf;¿ ESpq f Nl ydKif
vsuf odrkY [kwf ra½S;raESmif;yGiv Yf sif owå0grsm; ydkítusKd ;rsm;rnf r[kwyf g
avm¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]þurÇmavmu"mwfonf bk&m;wpfq\ l
*kPu f o kd m aqmifEikd o f nf/ tu,fí ESpq f \l *kPu f akd qmif&vsif þurÇmavm
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aemufxyfvnf; qufíajzao;onf/ ]]bk&m;ESpq f yl iG v Yf sif y&dowf
oif;uGEJ ikd af omaMumifY ryGi}Yf }[l4if;? ]]bk&m;½Si\ f twkr*YJ P k u f kd xdcu kd rf nfaMumifY
4if;? ESpq f Nl ydKifí odrkY [kwf ra½S;raESmif;ryGi}Yf }[k jzpfonf/
½Sief m*aoe\ajymqdkcsurf sm;onf rSeu f efygoavm¿ ½Sief m*aoe
onf wwfEikd o f avmufBuHqí ajzxm;ayonf/ BuHqcsuo f mvsif jzpfayonf/
trSet f jrif tpteuav;rSsjzpfap r½Sb d J BuHqvsiu f m; rD;r½Sad omavmifpm
rsm;udk rD;awmufBu;D jzpfvm&ef BuKd ;pm;rIwaf eouJo Y Ykd arm½ko H m tzwfwifayrnf/
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tajymuftrTr;f tcs,t f orsm;udkom EIww f ku
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enf;enf;rSsoo d l r[kwaf y/ ½Sief m*aoeonf bk&m;\ t½Sed t f 0g ta&mift

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udk cHae&ol jzpfonf/
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\"r®wmtwdki;f t,dk,kt d zdwzf w d o f m jzpfayonf/ bk&m;*kP[ f kqkt d yfaom
t&nftcsi;f rsm;udk aqmif&onfh urÇmavmuBuD; usKd ;ysuu f ek rf nf[k qdo k nf/
t&nftcsi;f jzpfaom*kPo f nf tav;csed ½f ydS goavm¿þodjYk zpfvsif ynm½SiBf uD;
rsm;ESiYf ynmrJrY sm;onf tvk;H t&yf wlrsS Murnfqkv d sif ynm½Sirf sm;onf ydkí
tav;csed yf k&d ayrnf/ rdkuaf v tav;csed af vsmaY vjzpfvsif odyrf ku d of rl sm;
odyaf ygYNyD; jrifjY rifcY kejf cif;ponf ydkíjyKEdki&f mayonf/
xkjYd yifvnf; bk&m;ESpq f Nl ydKiyf iG vYf sif y&dowf oif;uGrJ nf[q k o
kd nf/ bk&m;
rsm;\tqk;H tronf oif;uG&J efqo D kYd OD;wnfvsu½f ydS goavm¿ ½Sief m*aoe
onf þodk½Y o dS nf[al om t"dygÜ ,fokYd oufayonf/ ½Siaf rm*¾vmefEiS Yf ½Sio f m&d
ykMwm[lí wynfBh uD;ESpyf g;½S&d m þodEYk pS yf g;½Sad omaMumifY xdw k ynfBh uD;ESpyf g;wd\ Yk
wynfrh sm; oif;uGMJ uygoavm¿
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kd sif owå0grsm;
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bk&m;oSsi\f twkraYJ om t&nftcsi;f awmfum; Nidr;f csr;f a&;r*¾iv f rf;

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tjcm;aomom0ursm;\ t&nftcsi;f awmfxuf tu,fx;l uJaomt&mrSm
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bk&m;oSsiaf zmfxkwcf sut f & od½MdS uonf/ olwyg;udkvnf; jzefaY 0EdkiMf uonf/
yapöuAk'g¨ wdu Yk m; opömw&m;udk ud, k w f ikd o
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bk&m;oSsi\ f twkrt YJ &nftcsi;f um; þt&mrSsom jzpfayonf/ xdkY

aMumifY bk&m;oSsiEf pS q f Nl yKdií
f odrkY [kwf ra½S;raESmif;jyKírjzpfEkid jf cif; jzpfonf/
tb,fokdYvsif jzpfrnfenf;¿Nidr;f csr;f a&;vrf;aMumif;r*¾ukd tb,fokYv d sif
azmfxw k o f El pS Of ;D wNydKief uf odrYk [kwf ra½S;raESmif; jzpfEikd yf grnfenf;¿ avmuü
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l íl rjzpf
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jzpfonf/
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ud,
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2/ a*gwrd0w¬'geyO§m
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qnf;uyfvsiv f nf; bk&m;ESio Yf C
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bk&m;oSsio f nf r*¾vrf;aMumif;udk oGm;onf/

r*¾onf w&m;vrf;aMumif;jzpfonf/
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jzpfayonf/ þtajzonf bmrSsa&&monfr[kw/f ]]&[ef;onfjrwfonf?
*kP½f o dS nf? jyKzG,u f pd ö wpkw
H &m½Sv d sif vsijf refpmG NyD;apwwfonf}}xdkonfrmS
rwdus ra&&maom pum;omvsif jzpfonf/
&[ef;ESiv Yf ?l þolwo kYd nf þodrkY a&&monf r[kwaf y/ vlü pm;0wf
aea&; ponft h a&;rsm; wm0efjzpfaeaomfvnf; &[ef;\wm0efonf ]]t½Su d kd
t½St d wdik ;f ½IMunfjh cif;ESiYf awGU½cdS suu f kd jzefaY 0jcif;}}? þwm0efEpS &f yf jzpfayonf/
þwm0efrsm;udk *E¦"k&ESiYf 0dyóem"k&[lí ac:qdkayonf/
&[ef;onf þwm0efEpS &f yfukad qmif&ef &[ef;jyKjcif; jzpfonf/ "r®0ef
xrf; jzpfonf/ vlonf þwm0efEpS &f yfukd raqmif½u G Ef kid af y/ vGwv f w
G u
f Rwf
uRwf wm0efr,lEikd o f nfukd qdv k o
kd nf/ &[ef;um; þwm0efEpS &f yfukd vGwv f wG f
uRwu f Rwf ,lEikd af yonf/ &[ef;ü pm;0wfaea&;? wdik ;f a&;jynfa&;? &yf½mG a&;
r½Sad omaMumifY jzpfonf/
,ckacwfypHk jH zifY ajymMurnfqv kd sif &[ef;onf ygwD0ifjzpfonf/ wdik ;f
jynfü aumif;rGeaf omtjzpfrsm; jzpfae&ef ygwDonf wm0efcH&ayonf/
tvkyo f rm;?v,form;polwo Ykd nf tvkyv f yk af eMuojzifY wdik ;f jynf\wm0efukd
tjynfht0 raqmifEkdiMf uay/ ygwDonf tvkyo f rm;?v,form;wdkYtm;
ud,
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vrf;nTeaf y;aom wm0efukd xrf;&ayonf/

ygwD0ifjzpfap?ygwD0ifr[kwo f jl zpfap wdik ;f jynfpnf;urf;Oya'udk ½dak o
apmifx Y ed ;f vsif wdki;f jynf\tkycf sKyfrjI zifY taESmift Y ,Surf sm;vGwu f if;NyD; Nidr;f csr;f
pGmvkyu f kid pf m;aomuf aexdkiEf kid jf cif;udk &ayrnf/ ygwD0ifyifjzpfaomfvnf;
wdki;f jynfOya'udk azgufzsuv f sif rNidr;f csr;f Edki?f tcsKyftaESmifc&H ayrnf/
xdkokjYd zpfvsuf tb,fah MumifY ygwD0ifvkyaf e&ovJ¿ omrefjynfol
tjzpfaevsiv f nf; wdki;f jynfraS y;tyfaom tcGit Yf a&;rsm;&rnfyif r[kwyf g
avm¿[k ar;oif\ Y / ygwD0ifonf pdwaf umif;pdwjf rwf½adS omaMumifY tvkyo f rm;
v,form;wd\ kY aumif;usKd ;udk vrf;nTew f m0ef ,lvkad omaMumifY ygwD0ifjcif;
jzpfayonf/
&[ef;rsm;onfvnf; þtwlyifjzpfygonf/ aumif;aumif;usio Yf o l nf
r*fçzdkvpf aomaumif;usKd ;rsm; jzpfrnfreS af omfvnf; vlaY vmuü þodkY aumif;
aumif;usiEYf kid &f efrmS pm;0wfaea&; ½Sad eolwkt Yd m; vrf;nTew f m0efukd ,lvkad om
aMumifY &[ef;jyKjcif;jzpfayonf/ xdakY MumifY &[ef;rsm;onf 0efEpS 0f ef½o dS nf-
[k qd&k jcif; jzpfygonf/
0dyóem"k&onf vlrmS vnf;½So d nf/ &[ef;rSmvnf; ½So d nf/ r*fçzdv k u
f kd
&vdok w l ikd ;f ü ½So
d nf/ *E¦"&k um; &[ef;rSmom ½So d nf/&[ef;jzpfvsuf 0dyóem"k&
om½So d nf[k xif½mS onfrmS rrSeaf y/ &[ef;rSev f sif ESp0f efvk;H yif½odS nfom/
0dyóem"k&jzifo Y m aernfqkv d sif vlEiS rYf jcm;bJ ½Sad yrnf/
½Sief m*aoeonf &[ef;wdk\ Y þodku Y sa&mufaom0efukd tppftrSef
rodaomaMumifY ra&&maomtajzudk ajzMum;jcif;yif jzpfonf/
½SifÓP ud,
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k )f
245
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4/ y#dy'ga'goyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]þ'kuú&p&d,mjzifY vlwikd ;f odo

avmufxuf rvGeEf ikd /f þodq Yk vkd suf tm;xkwBf udK;yrf; bk&m;tqk;H trudk rwGeYf
rqkwx f rf;jcif;jzifY aorif;\a½SaY jy;rsm;udk rIerYf eI n Yf ufnuf acsMuavmY}}[k
jyif;xefpmG usi&Yf ef qdkjyefonf/ tb,fokeYd nf;¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk
]]'kuú&p&d,mtusiYo f nf rSm;aomtusiYrf [kwaf y/ xdktusiYt f
wGi;f ü tpmrjynfph aHk omaMumifo Y m bk&m;rjzpfjcif;jzpfonf/ tpmudjk yefpm;NyD;
bk&m;jzpfaomtcg xdt k usijYf zifyY if bk&m;jzpfayonf?/ xdaYk MumifY 'kuú&jzpfaom
wdu k wf eG ;f pum;rsm;udk qdak wmfrjl cif;jzpfonf}}/ þodaYk jzonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf þrSsaMumufp&maumif;aom pum;rSm;udk qdk0HY
olyif/ ½Sief m*aoeonf tusiçYf "r®p&d,wdk\ Y oabmudk teHt Y oufuav;
rSs &dyrf od ½d jdS cif;½So
d l r[kwaf y/ oabmw&m;twGuf ½Sief m*aoeü vk;H 0yif
rsuaf pYr½So d l jzpfayonf/ pmuav;zwfNyD; BuHvkH;xkwaf eoljzpfaMumif;
þjyóemtajzonf azmfjyaeayawmYonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf ]]tm&rÇx eduúrx ,kOx Æ Ak'o
¨ moae}} paom
*gxmudk tu,fteufrxifay/ þ*gxm\teufonf 'kuú&p&d,\teuf
[k xifo[ l k xifayonf/ ]]tm;xkwBf udK;yrf; bk&m;tqk;H trudk rwGerYf qkwf
xrf;Mu}}[laompum;onf ]]'ku&ú p&d,udk jyKMuavmY}}[laompum;ESiYf oD;jcm;
yifjzpfyg\/
'kuú&p&d,onf bk&m;y,faomvrf;jzpfonf/ vrf;r[kwaf om
vrf; jzpfonf/ ukr*® v ¾ rf; jzpfonf/ Nidr;f csr;f a&;r[kwaf omvrf; jzpfonf/
tpGe;f vrf; jzpfonf/twåuv d rxmEka,m*vrf; jzpfonf/ txufvrf;[kac:
&aomvrf;vnf; jzpfygonf/
ud,
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bk&m;oSsio f nf bk&m;tjzpfa&mufjcif; odrYk [kwf opömudo k jd cif;ü 'kuú&

p&d,mvrf;ESiYf vm;vm;rSsrqdik /f cyfjymwpfvrf; a½Twpfvrf;qdo k uJo Y Ykd wpfjcm;
rSwpfjcm;pDyif jzpfayonf/ bk&m;oSsio f nf bk&m;tjzpfokaYd &muf&ef avSsmuf
vSr;f vmcJ&Y aomvrf;rSm atmufvrf; od'w ¨ b¬ 0vrf;? txufvrf;jzpfaom
'kuú&p&d,vrf;wnf;[laom ESpv f rf;\ tv,fvrf;omvsif ppfppfjzpf\/
rZÑdry#dy'g[laom tv,fvrf;omvSsif ppfppfjzpfayonf/
½Sief m*aoeonf usipYf Ofvrf;rsm;ukd vk;H 0tjrifro YJ jl zpfonf/ txuf
vrf;-atmufvrf;? tpGe;f vrf;-tv,fvrf;? vk;H 0 odwwfçjrifwwfol r[kw/f
xdaYk MumifY tpGe;f vrf;jzifY bk&m;tjzpfoaYkd &mufonf[k tvGerf mS ;,Gi;f aompum;
udk qdk0jYH cif; jzpfonf/
xdjYk yif ]]tm&rÇx edurú x ,kOx Æ Ak'o¨ moae}}qdak om *gxm\teuf
ü ]tm;xkwBf udK;yrf; rwGerYf qkwx f rf;&rnfw h &m;} rsm;udvk nf; 'kuú&p&d,w&m;
[kyif ,lojl zpf\/ ]]Ak'o ¨ moae}}[laompum;udyk if 'kuú&p&d,ESiYf rcGw J wf
atmif ½Sad eavonf/ Ak'o ¨ moaet& xif½mS ;vSonf/ 'kuú&p&d,ESiYf Ak'o ¨ m
oae twlwlavm¿
bk&m;oSsio f nf 'kuú&p&d,usipYf OfumvrSm wif;vGe;f aeonf? ravsmY
rwif; usizYf v kYd ko
d nf[k a0zefcrYJ yd rkH sm;? twdtvif;qdkxm;csurf sm; ½Syd gonf/
'kuú&p&d,onf tv,fvrf;r[kwaf Mumif; ynm½Siw f kid ;f vdkvkyd if
oabmaygufvsu½f MdS uyg\/ ½Sief m*aoeonf 'kuú&p&d,ESiYf Ak'o ¨ moemudk
twl[k odaeonf/ tb,fov Ykd sif wlygoenf;¿ tv,fvrf;ESiYf txufvrf;
onf wlygoavm¿
txufvrf;onf ]]'kau©m te&da,m tew¬o[ H ad wm}}[k a[mMum;
csu½f ydS gonf/ ]]yifyef;onf? ½d;k om;rIvnf;r½S?d tusKd ;vnf;rrsm;}}[lí jzpfonf/
'kuú&p&d,onf þt*Fgvu©Pmrsm;ESiYf tjynft h 0 nDnw G af eonf r[kwyf g
avm¿
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½Sief m*aoeonf umvmr\om; tmVm&wd\ kY tusiu Yf kv

d nf; rSef
onf[í l yif ,lqrnfo h jl zpfayonf/ xdkvrf;rSm;íyif xdkorl sm;ukd trSejf y&ef
Munf½h cI &YJ ao;onf/ yOö0*¾iD g;OD;wdu Yk v
kd nf; þtwdik ;f yif/ 'kuú&p&d,uJo Y aYkd om
txufvrf;avSsmuforl sm;yif xdo k rl sm;ukv d nf; txufvrf;onf rS0D t J yfaom
vrf; r[kwaf Mumif;udk nTejf ycJ&Y ao;onf r[kwyf gavm¿
½Sief m*aoeonf bk&m;oSsif opömw&m;rodru D jyKccYJ sut f m;vk;H onf
bk&m;jzpf&eftaMumif;rsm;csn;f jzpfonf[k cH,o l jl zpf[ef wlay\/ ,aomf"&m
a'0Dukd umrtm;jzifY bk&m;avmif;rS0D cJ aYJ yonf/þt&mvnf; oAÁnkwÓPf
twGuaf Mumif[ Y k ½Sief m*aoe wGuaf vrnfvm; rajymwwfyg/
'kuú&p&d,onf bk&m;rjzpfru D tusijYf zpfí bk&m;oSsif bk&m;jzpfjcif;
taMumif;onf 'kuú&p&d,jzpfonf[k a&wGuv f sif ,aomf"&ma'0DEiS Yf umr
tm½kcH pH m;jcif;onfvnf; bk&m;rjzpfru D tusiyYf ifjzpfí bk&m;jzpfjcif;\
taMumif;onf umrcHpm;jcif;jzpfonf[k a&wGu&f ayrnf/
tu,fvnf; vrf;aMumif;qufayonf/ umrcHpm;í umrtjypfukd
odonf/ þodkYoad epOf &m[kvudkarG;zGm;\/ xdkYaMumifY oHa0*ÓPfrsm;
tm;jynfv h mNyD; awmxGujf cif;jzpfonf/ awmxGujf cif;aMumifY bk&m;jzpfjcif;jzpf
onf/
½Sief m*aoeonf 'kuú&p&d,udk bk&m;jzpfaMumif;[k qdck siv f sif umr
cHpm;jcif;udv k nf; bk&m;jzpfaMumif;[k qd&k ayrnf/ tu,fvnf; vrf;[kwo f nf/
umrcHpm;jcif;onf atmufvrf;jzpfonf/
'kuú&p&d,onf txufvrf;jzpfonf/
bk&m;oSsi\ f tqk;H tronf tv,fvrf;jzpfonf/
tv,fvrf;udkoo d nfrmS txufvrf;ESiaYf tmufvrf;wdkaY MumifY jzpf
onf/ xdakY MumifY 'kuú&p&d,[laom txufvrf;udk bk&m;jzpfaMumif;a&wGuf
vsif umrcHpm;jcif;jzpfaom taMumif;udv k nf; bk&m;jzpfaMumif; a&wGu&f rnf
ud,
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om/ þodq Yk v kd sif awmawGawmifawG opfyifawGEiS Yf a&ajrrsm;vnf; bk&m;jzpf

aomvrf;tjzpf wGuq f &rvdyk if/ xdt k &mrsm;onfvnf; yuwlyedó,tjzpf
aus;Zl;jyKawmY ygayrnf/
½Sief m*aoeonf tawmfyif vrf;r[kwo f nfukd vrf;vkyí f qdkol
jzpfayonf/ bk&m;oSsio f nf ae&mrsm;pGmü 'kuú&p&d,rS rZÑrd y#dy'gudk ajymif;vJ
usio Yf ;Hk cJ&Y aMumif; rdeq Yf ckd surf sm;½Sad yonf/ aAm"drif;om;\ jymóm'fziG yYf t JG crf;
tem;üvnf; ]]okcjzifY okc&Edik o f nfqo kd nfrmS jzpfEikd yf grnfavm¿}}[k bk&m;\
0g'udk aAm"drif;om; apmausmayonf/ ed*P²rsm;onfvnf; þodyYk if ]]okcjzifY
okcudk&Edkiv f sif bk&m;oSsix f ufcsr;f omol ½SEd kid yf grnfavm¿}}[k bk&m;oSsi\ f
okcjzpfaom tv,fvrf;tusiu Yf kd a,mZemqdkMuayonf/
bk&m;oSsiu f sipYf Ofonf tu,f þ'kuú&p&d,jzpfcv YJ sif xdyk *k K¾d vrf sm;onf
bk&m;tm; þodo Yk a&mfp&mr½Sb d J ½S&d ayrnf/ xdaYk MumifY bk&m;oSsi\ f tqk;H tr
onf ½Sief m*aoexifouJo Y Ykd 'kuú&p&d,r[kwb f J ½S&d rnfrmS rvGrJ aoG jzpfay
onf/
tv,fvrf;wGif 'kuú&p&d,uJo Y kYd qif;qif;&J&u J sipYf &m tb,frmS
ygrnfenf;¿ tv,fvrf;onf r*¾i½f pS yf g;jzpfí ,if;r*¾i½f pS yf g;onf tb,foYkd
qif;&Jp&mjzpfatmif usi&Yf rnfenf;¿
]]or®m'd|?d or®mouFy}Ü }[laom t½Su d t
kd ½St
d wdik ;f jrifjcif;? BuHjcif;?
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rSm;cJo Y nfrsm; y,fí? rrSm;ao;onfrsm; rrSm;&ef?rrSeaf o;onfrsm;
rSeu
f efí?rSeu f efonfrsm; ydkreS &f efBudK;pm;jcif; (or®m0g,mr)?
tu,f½adS om ud, k çf pdwçf cHpm;csuçf oabmw&m;rsm;udk tu,f½o dS nfh
twdki;f od&ef Edk;Mum;pGmaejcif;(or®mowd)?
umrçAsmyg'0dwufwjYkd zifY rat;rpufraejcif;(or®morm"d)/
þrSsonf r*¾irf sm;yif r[kwaf vm¿
½SifÓP ud,
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k )f
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þr*¾irf sm;jzpf&ef tb,foYkd 'kuú&p&d, vky&f ef vdyk grnfenf;¿ bk&m;

oSsitf qk;H tronf þr*¾irf sm;omjzpf\/ þtqk;H trü b,fokYd 'kuú&p&d,
vky&f ef vdyk grnfenf;¿þr*¾i½f pS yf g;[laom bk&m;oSsi\ f tqk;H trw&m;üum;
'kuú&p&d,vkypf &m wpfcrk sS ryg0ifay/
xdkokjYd zpfaomfvnf; ½Sief m*aoeonf þbk&m;tqk;H tr r*¾iu f kyd if
'kuú&p&d,ygonf[k xifaeayonf/ þodx kY ifaeonfrmS ½Sief m*aoeü
tv,fvrf;tjrifjzpf&ef rsuv f k;H tvsO;f r½Sad omaMumifY jzpfonf/
xdaYk MumifY tv,fvrf;[lonf rD;yGwaf ,musmf ; uJt Y vm;odYk BudK;pm;&
ayonf[k Mum;zl;aompum;rsm;udk tu,frodb?J BuHqí? odzUkd BudK;pm;&rnf?
tqif;&JcrH S &rnft h &m[lí odaejcif; jzpfonf/
tv,fvrf;rSm rD;yGwaf ,musmf ; uJt Y vm;odkY BudK;pm;&rnfqkad om
pum;onf txufvrf;orm;rsm; em;vnfaom BudK;pm;jcif;ESiYf teuft"dygÜ ,f
jcif; rwlnMD u/ þ ]]BudK;pm;}}[laompum;onf r*¾i½f pS yf g;wnf;[laom
tv,fvrf;ü ]]or®m0g,mr}}[laom pum;vk;H \emrnf jzpfayonf/ ,if;\
teufonf txufvrf;orm;rsm; odaeouJokYd tvsO;f yifr[kwyf g/ qdkcNYJ yD;
onft h wdki;f yif/ jzpfcNYJ yD;aomraumif;rIrsm; y,f&efEiS Yf rjzpfao;aom raumif;
rIrsm; rjzpf&ef/ rjzpfao;aomaumif;rIrsm; jzpf&efEiS Yf jzpfNyD;aomaumif;rIrsm;
wdk;wufjzpfymG ;&ef/ þrSsom jzpfygonf/
þt&mudkvnf; txufvrf;orm;rsm;taejzifY cufaeonf[kyif
xifygrnf/ tv,fvrf;orm;rsm;onf ]aumif;ESiYf raumif;}udk odNyD;jzpfonf
uwpfaMumif;? bk&m;oSsi\ f ÓPfawmft&dyu f kd cdv k &HI onfuwpfaMumif;? þodYk
aomtaMumif;rsm;aMumifY tcuftcJr½Sad y/
bk&m;oSsio f nf a½Smif½mS ;&rnfw h &m;udk4if;? aqmif&rnfw h &m;udk4if;
wynfw h tkYd m; nTeNf yD;jzpfygonf/ xdakY MumifY jzpfNyD;aom raumif;rIrsm;udkvnf;
ajyaysmufatmifaeNyD; jzpfygonf/ rjzpfao;aom raumif;rIrsm;udkvnf;
ud,
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rjzpfatmifaeNyD; jzpfygonf/ rjzpfao;aomaumif;rIrsm;udv k nf; jzpfatmifaeNyD;

jzpfygonf/ jzpfNyD;aomaumif;rIrsm;udkvnf; wdk;yGm;atmifaeNyD;jzpfygonf/
bk&m;oSsin f eT Mf um;cJaY om a½Smif&efEiS aYf qmif&ef w&m;rsm;udk a½Smifvsuçf
aqmifvsuaf eaomolonf BudK;pm;p&mwdu Yk kd BudK;pm;NyD;jzpfaeygonf/ bk&m;oSsif
\ a½Smif&efEiS aYf qmif&ef w&m;rsm;üvnf; vlt Y aeESiYf ra½Smifavmufatmif?
raqmifavmufatmif cufcaJ omt&m b,frmS ½So d enf;¿
bk&m;oSsi\ f tv,fvrf;oabmw&m;awmfonf vltaeESiYf t½Su d kd
t½St d wdki;f odrkY [kwf 'da|'d|rwåjH zpfatmif nTejf yaomw&m;awmf jzpfayonf/
,if;odkjY rif&ef ½IMunfrh ?I ,if;½IMunfí h awGjY rif&onfukd qifyY mG ;avYusirYf I
t&mrsm;onfvnf; tu,ftcuftcJr½Sad y/ tcuftcJukd ausmv f mT ;aom
w&m;onf tb,frmS vsif tcuftcJ½rdS nfenf;¿ aygYyg;rI? vGwaf jrmufru I kd
wnfaqmufaomw&m;onf tb,frmS vsif av;vHb, G &f m ½Srd nfenf;¿
bk&m;oSsi\ f qifyY mG ;avYusi&Yf ef nTeMf um;cJaY om aqmif&efrsm;rSm ]]owd
w&m; jrifrY m;aMumif;}}yif jzpf\/ ,if;udv k nf; ]]r[mowdy|mef}}ü þodyYk if
a[monf/ ]]uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd}}[lí jzpfygonf/ ud, k uf kd ud, k f
twdik ;f jrifNyD; ae&rnf[k t"dygÜ ,foufa&mufonf/ ud, k u f kd ud,k t
f wdik ;f odjrif
NyD;aejcif;ü tb,ftcuftcJ ½Syd goenf;¿ xdkt Y wl a0'em?pdwEf iS Yf <uif;aom
oabmw&m;/ þüvnf; þt&mrsm;twdki;f odNyD;ae&rnfyif qdkygonf/
udk,u
f kd udk,t f wdki;f odNyD; raebJ? udk,u f kd csppf &mponfjzifY odNyD;ae
jcif;omvsif cJ,Of;onf r[kwyf gavm¿ ud, k u f kd ud,k t f wdik ;f rodbaJ ejcif;?
pdwçf a0'emç<uif;oabmw&m;rsm;/ þt&mrsm;udv k nf; þt&mrsm;twdik ;f
rodbaJ ejcif;? þvkyif ef;rsm;onf cufz½Ykd ydS gonf/
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f suf aqmufyw k jf zifY
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xd;k ronfukd cH&ouJo Y aYkd om qif;&J? þodaYk omqif;&Jrsm;udk cH&jcif;?'kuú&p&d,

jzpf&zd½Yk ydS gonf/
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aeMuayonf/ olwko Yd nf þodkv Y nf; cHaeMu&ayonf/ olwkYd þodkcY &H onf
rSm udk,u f kd udk,t f wdki;f odaeatmifaejcif;xuf ausmv f eG af omaMumifY jzpfyg
onf/ olwo Ykd nf ud, k u f kd ud, k t f wdik ;f jrifNyD; aejcif;xuf ausmv f eG af tmif tb,fh
aMumifY aeMuoenf;¿
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ygrnf/olwo Ykd nf olwb Ykd 0udk rjrifMu/ xdaYk MumifY b0udk ausmaf wG;aeMuonf/
b0wPSmESiYf 0db0wPSmrsm; jzpfaeMuonf/ xdkwPSmrsm; &ifaY eMuonf/
xdakY MumifY xdktvkyrf sm;udk rvkyb f rJ aeEdkiMf ujcif; jzpfonf/
b0udk rNidrjf cif;onf t0dZmÆ jzpfonf/
aemufb0rjzpfawmYjcif;ESiYf jzpfvsiv f nf; aumif;aumif;jzpfjcif;onf
0db0wPSmESiYf b0wPSmrsm; jzpfygonf/
,if;wd\ kY jzpfcsiv f kycf siv f mjcif;onf Oyg'gefjzpfygonf/
,if;odkY qif;&JreS ;f odaomfvnf; jyKvkyjf cif;onf uHjzpfygonf/
xdyk *k Kd¾ vrf sm;onf ,ckacwf t*d&¾ wform;rsm;uJo Y Ykd t½Su
d akd usmaf eaom
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aMumif;? jy'g;taMumif;od&ef xk;d &jcif;jzpfygonf/ ,cktcg odorl sm;onf
odoifo Y avmufoí d oHukzd a,mif;yrm rdrw d kYd jyKcsio
f vdk jyKaeMuayonf/
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udkveG af om &nfreS ;f csuu f kd 0dki;f zufxm;olrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ xdkaY MumifY
t*¾&d wform;rsm;onf qif;&Jjcif;? qif;&Jomtzwfwifol txufvrf;orm;rsm;
jzpf&ayonf/ udk,u f kd udk,t f wdki;f od&efausmaf omolwkv Yd nf; þtwdki;f yif
txufvrf;orm; qif;&Jom;jzpf&ayonf/
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bk&m;oSsi\f tv,fvrf;onf þodrkY [kwaf cs/ udk,u f kd udk,t f wdki;f

odae&efom nTeMf um;ayonf/ tb,fov Ykd sif qif;&Jrnfenf;¿ tb,fov kYd sif
þvrf;onf 'kuú&p&d, jzpfrnfenf;¿ ½Sief m*aoeonf þrSs tjrifrv JG eG ;f í
om tv,fvrf;udk 'kuú&p&d,vrf;[k xifrmS ;jcif;jzpfayonf/ tv,fvrf;
ESiYf 'kuú&p&d,vrf;um; cyfjymwpfvrf;? a½Twpfvrf;yif/
bk&m;oSsio
f nf 'kuú&p&d,aMumifY bk&m;jzpfjcif;r[kw/f
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ca&mif;vrf;udk nTejf ycsut f ajz jzpfonf/vlukd yef;cif;aomvrf;rS vGaJ csmaf p
aomtajz jzpfonf/ ½Sief m*aoe\ rsuaf pYrrYJ o I mvsif jzpfonf/
qufvufí þtjrifrmS ;rsm; tul;pufrcH&avatmif ÓPfuzkd iG v Yf suf
a0befapcsiyf gonf/
5/ [Dem,m0wåeyO§m /
6/ t&[EÅa0'ema0'd,eyO§m /
7/ tbdor,EÅ&m,u&yO§m/
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rajzay/]]rodaomfvnf; tEÅ&m,f½o dS nf}}[líom ajzayonf/
8/ 'kóDvyO§m /
9/ O'uowåZD0yO§m /
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Ak'0¨ *f NyD;\/
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2/ edyÜyOö0*¾
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olonf wpfaeYtwGi;f &[ef;jyK&ef taMumif;rjynfph kv H sif ao\[kqko d nf/
t&[wåzkv d o f nf vlt Y oufukd aqmifygoavm¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk
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f rcdik jf cif;omvsif
tjypfjzpfonf}}[k ajzay\/
½Sief m*aoe\tajzonf oifjY rwfygoavm¿
t&[wåzkv d af MumifY vlaoygvsuf vlukad oapaom t&[wåzkv d üf
tjypfr½S[ d al ompum;onf oifjY rwfygrnfavm¿
]]vlu rcdik af omaMumif}Y }[k taMumif;jyonf/ "m;çvSw H jYkd zifY txd;k tckwf
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tu,fí vlvnf; "m;çvSNH yD;aernf qdyk gvsif raobJ½&dS rnf r[kwyf gavm¿
þodk½Y rSd oS mvsif ½Sief m*aoejyaomtaMumif;onf taMumif;ajrmufayrnf/
½Sief m*aoeonf wpfaeYtwGi;f &[ef;tjzpfrjyKEdkiaf om t&[wåzkv d f
a&muf vly*k Kd¾ vrf sm; y&deAd mÁ efjyK&onf[al om pum;udk tb,frmS tb,foYkd
odaeonf rajymEdkiyf g/ ygVdawmfü bk&m;oSsif tu,fra[mcJY&onfrSm
trSefyifjzpfonf/
uxm0w¬Kuo YJ Ykd aemufjyKaomusr;f wdüYk aomfvnf; ygVdtjzpfyg0ifaejcif;
jzpf&ayrnf/ odkrY [kwv f siv f nf; t|uxmwdküY vsiv f nf; yg0ifaompum;
jzpf&ygrnf/ tu,fí ygVdawmfü yg0ifaeonfqkv d sivf nf; ygVdukad qmifo\ l
acsmcf RwfonfhtrIom jzpf&rnfrSmtrSeyf if jzpfygonf/
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tb,fah MumifY ajymqdkEkid o f enf;[kqkv d sif t&[wåzkv d w

f okYd nf vl½kyf
udzk su&f ef rnfoaYkd omtaMumif;rSs r½Syd g/ t&[wåzv kd w f oYkd nf <uif;useaf eao;
aom tEko,tcsKd Uuko d m y,fygonf/
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omrefykxkZOfwkYd tb,ftxl;½So d enf;¿qkv d sif omrefykxkZOfonf tEko,
ckepfyg;vk;H ½So d nf? t&[wår*fçzdkvq f ku
d af &mufyk*Kd¾ vfonf tEko, vk;H vk;H r½Sd
jzpfonf/ þrSsom xl;ygonf/
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tEko,rsm;r½dMS ujcif;ü þt&mrsm; &yfapEdkiaf Mumif; tcsut f vuf[í l
tenf;i,frSsr½S/d ESvkH;ckejf cif;? tpmacsjcif;? touf½SLjcif;? OD;aESmufjzifY
ajcvufvyI jf cif; ponftpkpkonf ½kyrf sm;jzpfygonf/
t&[wåzv kd of nf ½kyrf sm;udk y,fygoavm¿
½kyo f nf y,ftyfaomw&m;vnf; [kwyf goavm¿
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jcaoFq Y o
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aMumif[ Y k qdkayrnf/
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taoG;tom;? tpmacsr?I ESv;kH ckerf ?I touf½LS rIrsm;ü tjcm;r½Sjd zpfrnf
r[kwyf gavm¿ þodkY udk,çf EIwaf pmifpY nf;jcif;onfom jcm;em;Murnfqkv d sif
þt&monf tusKd ;w&m;avm¿ taMumif;w&m;avm¿
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pnf;rIw&m;rsm;onf cdik rf maomw&m;vnf; r[kwaf y/ pdwZå w&m;rsm;jzpfaom
aMumifY pdwaf jymif;vsif ajymif;ayrnf/ t&[wåzkv d af &muf vlyk*Kd¾ vfonf
ud,
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pdw"f gwft& tvdktavsmufyif udk,çf EIwt f rlt&mrsm; apmifpY nf;NyD; jzpfaeNyD/

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vnf; &[ef;uJo Y kYd t&[wåzkv d Ef iS x Yf kud w f efaom udk,çf EIwt f rlt&mrsm; ½Sad e&
rnfjzpfonf/
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wnfEkid pf &m tenf;i,frsS taMumif;r½Sad y/ xdakY MumifY t&[wår*fçzdkv&f olrsm;
aeYcsi;f &[ef;rjzpf&vsif ao&rnfqkad ompum;onf tvsO;f yifrrSeaf Mumif;
qdk&ayrnf/
þjiif;qdck suu f kd cdik rf map&ef taxmuftul taMumif;tcsuf ½Syd gao;
onf/ ,if;rSm ok;H q,fw h pfbw Hk &m;rsm;onf vltwGi;f ü wnf½jdS cif; jzpfygonf/
'k*w
¾ ?d ok*wd?vlçewfçjA[®m þt&mrsm;tm;vk;H onf vlt Y wGi;f ü wjcm&pf&pf
jzpfysuv f nS ahf jymif;aeonfukd txif;om;yif jrifEikd o f w
l ikd ;f jrif&vsu½f ydS gonf/
bke;f BuD;&[ef;xJwiG 4f if;? todynm½Siçf twwfynm½SiEf iS Yf tvkyo f rm;ç
v,form;?tulvyk o f m;rsm;ü4if; jA[®mrsm;udv k nf; awGU&wwfygonf/ tkycf sKyf
a&;orm;? Edik if aH &;orm;? pD;yGm;a&;orm;? umuG,af &;orm;? ynma&;orm;?
wnfaqmufa&;orm;? azsmaf jza&;orm; þodakY om tvTmtoD;oD;üvnf;
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yif r[kw/f Muufç0ufçuRJçEGm;rsm;uJo Y kYd todÓPfwk;H atmif awGa0aeaom
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jzpfay:aeaomw&m;rsm;udk aumuf&rnfph um;yif jzpfonf/

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onf ½kyu f ½kd yI mG ;íjzpfaom jA[®mvnf;r[kw/f txufoaH ,mZOfw&m;rsm;udk
t<uif;rJjY zwfawmufNyD;onfh jA[®mrsm;om jzpfayonf/
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&rnf/ tu,fí &[ef;rjyKvsif ok'g¨ 0gojA[®m[kyif trnf&rnf/trnf&rnf
qdok nfrmS jzpfomG ;onf[k qdv k jkd cif; jzpfygonf/
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tvSnt hf ajymif;rjzpfawmYbJ þbkw H iG pf vH suf aoqk;H Muayrnf/ &[EÅmESiYf
t&[wår*fçzdkvf jA[®mrsm;aoqk;H onfukd Nidr;f at;jcif;tqk;H tpGeu f kjd yKjcif;
jzpfaomaMumifY y&deAd mÁ efjyKonf[kvnf; qdk&ayrnf/
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csuo f nfvnf; ]]t&[wår*fçzkv d &f olwYkd aeYcsi;f &[ef;tjzpfr&vsif aoonf}}
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avayonf/ tmywfoifjY cif;yifvsif owdarYíoifjY cif;r[kw[ f k BudK;pm;í
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8/ te0aoo odu©my'yO§m
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þolrsm;onf vrf;rSeaf yonf/ bk&m;oSsiu f m; vrf;rSeo

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9/ ol&d,wyeyO§m /
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3/ a0óEÅ&0*¾
1/ a0óEÅ&yO§m
þjyóemvnf; ok;H oyfb, G f r½Sad y/ þjyóemonf ykjH yifukd t,kH

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onfqkad ompum; trSeyf if/ a0óEÅ&mqdkoo l nf oAÁnkwÓPf&vdkrt I wGuf
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r½Sad y/
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tdr, f mudpk eG MYf uonf/ qef;oavm¿ vSLjcif;ESipYf eG jYf cif;wGif pGejYf cif;u ydí k &ufa&m
&m a&mufayonf/ a0óEÅ&m qdo k ol nf oAÁnq k okd nftwGuf om;r,m;udpk eG Yf
onf / odrkY [kwf vSLonf/ avmuwGif rnforl qdk ta[mif;udkrcifMuonfrmS
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í 0,foavm¿ vlwpfO;D udak Mumufí 0,foavm¿ aoaX;onf þrSsrsm;jym;
pGm½Sad om aiGrsm;udk vufvw T &f rnfrmS tcuftcJ½adS y&monf/ uRe;f udrk ufarm
aompdwo f nf aiGukrd ufarmaompdwu f kd vTr;f rdk;oGm;onfjzpfaomaMumifyY if/
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f om"kac:aezdykY if
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oAÁno k nf ork'&´ mxJru S Re;f xuf jrwfaumif;jrwfEikd o f nf/ topfukd

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taeESiYf om;r,m;xuf rufarmzG,u f jkd rifí om;r,m;rufarmrIukd aysmufysuf
onftxd tvTr;f rdk;cHNyD;vSLonfukd om;r,m;cifw, G rf rI ½Spd onfjzifY vufzspf
wD;í tHcY s;D aeonfrmS tHMY ozG,f nHzY si;f jcif;om jzpf&mygonf/
a0óEÅ&mqdko\ l om;r,m;'geudk vufzspw f ;D í tHcY s;D aeMuolrsm;
onf aoaX;ol<u,frsm;pm;aomufNy;D í þrSs rsm;pGmaom xrif;ESi[ Yf if;tusef
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T af y;vSLrS
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a0óEÅ&monfvnf; þenf;twdik ;f yif/ om;orD;rsm;vSL&ojzifY &if
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vufzspw f ;D í tHcY s;D zG,o f nf tvsO;f yifr½S/d
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a[majymol ZmwfykHjyifq&m\ tEkynmjzifY tnIUd tiifqGJtm;aMumifYom
jzpfonf/
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2/ 'kuú&um&duyO§m
þjyóemudv k nf; rok;H oyfv/kd ½Sief m*aoeonf þjyóemüvnf;

'kuú&p&d,usijYf cif;udk trSejf zpfatmif BudK;pm;NyD; ,kwu åd sm;rsm;jzifY axmufuef
ay;aeonf/ ,kwråd sm;qdo k nfvnf; ud, k w
f ikd Ef iS aYf vmutrSef þESpw f efukd ausmf
vGeaf omt&mrsm; jzpfonf/
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udk aw0dZxÆ ufykjd rifaeaom ½Sief m*aoetwGuf Murf;ydk;onf vdyjf zpfonf[k
ajymwwfaom pum;vk;H rsm;udk½mS bdkY wm0ef½o dS nfrmS trSejf zpfonf/ þtwdki;f
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cH&jcif;tEÅ&m,fEiS Yf &ifqkid &f ayvdrrYf nf/
½SifÓP ud,
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3/ ukovmukov Av0w&yO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf rdvEd \ ´ ukokv d x f uf tukokv d Bf uD;

aMumif; rsuaf wGUvufawGjY zifY xif½mS ;ykjH ypum;rsm;ukd þodaYk csyonf/]]pifppfü
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vufawGUü ukov kd xf uf xif½mS ;jcif; jzpfonf/ oufEkpyg;uJo Y kYd tukokv d wf l
onf? ouf&ifpY yg;uJo Y Ykd ukov kd w f ol nf/}}þodYk ajzonf/
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Yf ukov kd u f kd odaomfvnf; ,if;wd\ Yk tusKd ;
wdukY ku
d m; jriforl [kwaf y/ xdakY MumifY olt Y ajzonf wdr;f wdr;f yg;yg;jzpfaejcif;
jzpfonf/ukov kd ?f tukov kd u f kd odonfqakd omfvnf; tu,fojd cif;um; r[kwf
ay/
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½So
d nf/ ukokv d [ f kajymvsif þt&mrsm;udkyifajymonf/ þt&mrsm;onf
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awmYay/
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azmfjyEdik o f nf/ þodjYk zpf&onfrmS ukov kd o f nf 'gejzpfonf[al om tjrifaMumifY
om jzpfonf/ &[ef;rsm;onf tode;f toef;uka#csí D omoemYordki;f ü ol
aumif;tjzpf &oGm;cJMY uygonf/ ,if;wd\ Yk ukov kd of nf bm0emukov kd ?f þt&m
rsm;\tusKd ;onf ay:vGix f if½mS ;vSayonf/ þrSsxif½mS ;aomfvnf; ½Sief m*
aoeonf þt&mrsm;udjk rifEikd af omrsuaf pY rygcJ/Y xdaYk MumifY xif½mS ;aomfvnf;
rjrifbJ ½Sad vonf/
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ud,
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270
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vlwkdi;f yif oifYwifYaomat;Nidr;f csr;f MunfrIukd &½Sad eMuonfrSm

,if;ukovur®yxwdkY &yfwnfvsu½f adS omaMumifo Y mvsif jzpfonf/
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udjk yKcsio f rl sm; jzpfMuonf/ukov kd Ef iS Yf tukovkd f tusKd ;üum; twlyifjzpfonf/
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271
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4/ ykAaÁ ywm'dyO§m
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Yk m; b,forl sS r&}}[kyif
ajzonf/
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rSm tquftpyfrpYJ um; jzpfonf/ Mum;zl;em;0rsm;jzifY awG;BuHíajzxm;aom
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½Sief m*aoe rodrjrifbJ ajzqdkxm;jcif;om jzpfonf/
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axmufxm;p&mrsm;udk nTejf yaumif; nTejf yEdik yf gonf/ þtaxmuftxm;rsm;
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ysuaf eaomcE¨mESiYf pyfvsuu f m; ½Sief m*aoe\tqdkonf aMumif;usKd ;rJt Y qdk
tjzpfom awGU&ayonf/
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ud,
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f ikd f bwf½v
I v
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½Sief m*aoeonf þtqdkukd rSm;,Gi;f pGmqdkro d nfrmS ywå'd gepaom

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Yd m;
0rf;omMunfE;l rIjzpfapjcif;? odrYk [kwf axmufcrH çI tm;usrjI zpfapjcif;om jzpfonf/
ukokv d af umif;rIukd ay;a0vsif ay;a0aomukokv d af umif;rIukd 0rf;
ajrmufvufco H w l Ykd tusKd ;&onf[o l nfrmS ? xdok jl yKaomukov kd \f tusKd ;rsm;udk
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vmygonf/ þodjYk yKvyk af omukov kd \ f tusKd ;ud&k jcif;om jzpfygonf/ ukov kd f
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aMumif; xif½mS ;apaompum;yif jzpfonf/
ukov kd Ef iS t Yf ukov kd uf kd ay;a0í&onfqo kd nfrmS rdrjd yKvyk af om ukov kd f
ESit Yf ukov kd w f \ Ykd tusKd ;rsm;udk ay;a0í &onfr[kwyf g/ rdrjd yKvyk af omukov kd f
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273
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5/ okyed yO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf]]tb,fah MumifY tdyrf ufrufoenf;¿}}

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em;0tajymonf tu,freS Ef iS Yf jcm;em;&rnfjzpfonf/
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ewf[o l nfrmS tdyrf ufruftq YH qJ J jzpfaeaomt&m jzpfygonf/
tdyrf ufonf csKyx f ed ;f rIraYJ om tawG;tac:jzpfygonf/ tavYtusuf
onf pdw\ f wnfued ;f rsm;jzpfonf/ a½SUajy;edrw d o
f nf &vmbfjzpfonf/ ewfum;
wpfrsKd ;jzpf\/ ywf0ef;usirf S &yfapmifeY wf? ½GmapmifeY wf? ud, k af pmifeY wfponfrsm;
tvsO;f r[kwaf cs/
pdwo f nfjzpfay:vsif tvif;vIid ;f udkxkwv f w T af om rD;uJY odkY vIid ;f wpfrsKd ;
udk jzpfaponf/ tavYtusupf w d \f vIid ;f ESiYf tjcm;aompdwv f idI ;f wpfckwkYd
ud,
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275
awGBY uKHaomtcg tdyaf ysmaf eonfjzpfap? tdyrf aysmo f nfjzpfap tjcm;aompdwf

vIid ;f twdki;f awG;ac:rIjzpfonf/ xdakY MumifY ae&mjcm;aom tjzpftysurf sm;udk
awGUjrif&ouJo Y kYd cHpm;&jcif;jzpfygonf/
tdyrf ufonf vlb Y 0\ t½dk;om;qk;H aomt&m jzpfonf/ tjyifzufrS
tawG;tac:rsm;onf cs,o f 0wfqifxm;aom tvSrsm;om jzpfygonf/ yuwd
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vdkonf/½Sief m*aoeonf vlb Y 0tdyrf ufEiS pYf yfvsO;f í Mum;bl;em;0rsm;udkom
ajymqdkomG ;ygonf/ þtqdkrsm;onf bk&m;oSsiEf iS o Yf ufqkid o
f vdkvkd xif&aomf
vnf; rnfokrYd sS roufqkid af omt&m jzpfonf/
bk&m;oSsio f nf pdwt f aMumif;udkavYvmaom pdwåaA'todynm½Sif
r[kwaf y/ xdkoakYd om pdwt f aMumif;tygt0if tm;vk;H aomtodynmrsm;udk
wefbk;d jzwfay;aom 'óeynm½Sio f m jzpfygonf/
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&eftwGuf r[kwaf y/ tm;vk;H aomynm&yfrsm;udk wefbk;d jzwfr'I óetwGuf
om jzpfayonf/
½SifÓP ud,
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f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
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6/ tumvr&PyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]owå0grsm;onf aoaeYapYí aojcif;

avm¿ r[kwb f aJ ooavm¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]uHaMumifaY oolonf
aoaeYapYíaool jzpfonf/ <uif;aom aojcif;rsm;taMumif;rsm;jzpfaom
av?onf;ajc?ovdy?f oEéyd gwf? Owk?tm[m& ya,m*wdaYk MumifaY ojcif;rsm;onf
aoaeYrapYbaJ ojcif;jzpfonf}}[k ajzonf/qufqko d nf/
½Sief m*aoeonf uHaMumifaY ojcif;rsm;udk qufvufí jyqdak yonf/
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þodjkY yqdkayonf/
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onf U U U U
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,m'doH 0yÜaw ADZ?H wm'doH Zm,aw zvH}}[laom
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raumif;onfuv kd yk af omf raumif;jzpf?
rsKd ;apYtwdik ;f toD;oD;ayonf}}[laom
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aemufb0u tpmjzwfowfjcif;aMumifY ,ckb0 tpmiwfao&onf/
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onf aMumif;usKd ;rJq Y ufpyfykH jzpfonf/ taMumif;ESit Yf usKd ;tMum;ü umvESiYf

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csuof nf ½Sief m*aoe ,lqxm;ouJo Y kYd r[kwaf y/
uHonf apwemw&m;om jzpfygonf/
apwemw&m;onf aumif;vsif ,if;ESiYf twlwuGjzpf&aom apw
oduEf iS Yf pdwåZ½ky?f y#doaEür®Z½ky[ f al om o[Zmw½kyef mrfwu kYd kd aumif;ap
ygonf/
apwemonf vIHUaqmfrIoabm jzpfygonf/
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,if;apwem csKyq f ;Hk NyD;aemufü qufjzpfae&aom ½kyçf emrfwo Ykd nfvnf;
,if;apwem rygawmYaomfvnf; aumif;aom½kyçf emrfrsm; jzpfaeMu&ygonf/
,if;apwemESit Yf wljzpf&aom ½kyçf emrfrsm;twdki;f jzpfaeonf[k qdkvkyd gonf/
þodw kY rl sS onfuko d m nTeMf um;jcif;jzpfonf/
tu,fpifppfü ½Sief m*aoeajympum;rsm;t&jzpf&aom aoaeYapYjcif;
onf rSeu f efonfrsm; tvsO;f r[kwaf y/ vlb Y 0udk aoaeYapYonf[k ajymqdkvkd
vsif omreft&yfpum;jzifo Y m ajymqdo k ifo Y nf/ obm0w¬pum;rsm;jzifY ao
aeYapYíaoonf[k ajymqdk&eftaMumif; r½S/d touf½pS q f ,ft½G,f BuD;&ifí Y
trsm;olig aoMucsed u f saeonfuko d m aoaeYapYonf[k t&yfpum;omajym
qdkoifaY yonf/ aoaeYapYjcif;udk w&m;0ifatmif BudK;pm;ykaH qmifíajym&ef
taMumif;r½Sad cs/
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jzpfonf/ vlü aoaeY[í l tvsO;f yif owfrw S cf suf taotcsmr½Sad cs/ ao
aomaeYonf aoaeYomjzpfonf/
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f m (jzefaY 0&ef[w
k )f
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278
7/ apwd,yg#d[m&d,yO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]y&deAd mÁ efjyKolwkid ;f \apwD

rsm; wefc;kd jyMuoavm¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]tcsKd Ujyí tcsKd Urjy}}[k
ajzayonf/
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wefck;d jyonf/ ,if;wdkY t"d|mefrjyKvsif b,faomapwDrsS wefck;d rjy}}[lí jzpf
onf/
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&wemonf wefc;kd jy&ef ½Sief m*aoeonf þtaMumif;udv k nf; rodjrif/ &[EÅm
onf olu, kd w
f ikd yf if wefc;kd jyírjzpfap?bk&m;oSsio f nf wefc;kd jy&efroifaY Mumif;
wm;jrpfco YJ nf/udk,w f kid rf jyKaomt&mudk olwyg;tm; jyKvkyaf pygrnfavm¿
t"d|mefjyKygrnfavm¿
ewfa'0wmudv k nf; ½Sief m*aoeonf rodbq J jkd cif;jzpfayonf/ vlprG ;f
aumif;vnf; xdt Yk wl tu,fpifppfü rnfo\ l ya,m*aMumifjY zpfap apwDonf
wefc;kd rjy/ wefc;kd udjk rifMuonfrmS vlprG ;f aumif;wd\ Yk rsuv f n S jhf zpfaom pdww f efc;kd
ESit
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aejcif;? þaMumifo Y m jzpfygonf/
b,fot Yl "d|mefaMumifrY sS apwDonfwefc;kd rjyay/ jyEdik pf rG ;f vnf; tvsO;f
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taoG;çtom;çt½dk;ponfomvsif jzpfayonf/ xdktaoG;çtom;çt½dk;paom
t<uif;rsm;onf tjcm;aom ausmufcçJ ovJçopfom;çxif;rsm;ESirYf jcm; bmrSs
wefck;d ½Sod nf r[kwaf cs/ xdkyk*Kd¾ vfrsm;udk tpOfavsmufí atmufarYz, G jf zpfymG ;
ukokv d pf wd rf sm; arG;zGm;Edki&f efom jzpfonf/
ud,
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f ikd f bwf½v
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Y m&eftwGuo
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avmuü vDeif? pwmvifpaom yk*Kd¾ vfw\ kYd tavmif;aumifonf

tjcm;aomvlq;kd olq;kd wdUk \ tavmif;aumifEiS Yf bmrSsrjcm;aomfvnf; uGejf rLepf
pdw"f mwfukd arG;zGm;ap&efü taxmuftuljyKouJo Y o kYd m jzpfayonf/
xdakY MumifY b,fy&deAd mÁ efjyKol\ apwDyifjzpfap b,fot Yl "d|mefaMumifY
ESirYf sS wefck;d jyonfr[kwaf y/ tu,fíjyvsif "gwfobm0ESiYf rsuv f nS uhf kd awGU
Mu&jcif;om jzpfayrnf/
8/ "r®mbdo,yO§m
ok;H oyfz,
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f ku
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9/ {uEÅokcedAÁmeyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]edAmÁ efonf qif;&JEiS aYf &maom csr;f om

r[kwaf vm¿ edAmÁ ef&&ef tusit Yf BuHonf yifyef;onfr[kwaf vm¿}}[laom
rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]tusit Yf BuHonf edAmÁ efr[kw?f edAmÁ efxif½mS rdjcif;om jzpfonf/
xdakY MumifY edAmÁ efonf qif;&JEiS rYf a&m}}[lí ajzavonf/
þtajzonf wdwu d susrmS ;,Gi;f aomtajzum; r[kwaf y/ odakY omf
vnf; wdwu d susreS u f efaomtajzvnf; r[kwaf y/ tb,faY Mumifq Y kv
d sif
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Y avmuf rSeaf yonf/
tusit Yf BuHonf qif;&Jonf[o l nfum; rrSeaf y/
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r*¾iw f &m;onf twåuv d rxmEka,m*w&m; r[kwaf y/ xdaYk MumifY qif;&Jaom
vkyif ef;rsm; r[kwaf y/
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rMumrMum aMujimcJaY yonf/xdaYk MumifY bk&m;oSsi\ f þvrf;pOfukd oabmrouf
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Bu;D rsm;xuf csr;f om&ol avmuü½Syd gOD;rnfavm¿}}[laom axYaigYaompum;
rsm; ajymMum;cJaY yonf/
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aomtusit Yf BuHw&m; vk;H 0r[kwaf y/ r*¾i½f pS yf g;teuf tb,fr*¾io f nf
qif;&Jujkd zpfapygoenf;¿
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orm"dr*¾io f ;kH yg;onf qif;&Jukd jzpfapoavm¿
ud,
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Y m&eftwGuo
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ynmr*¾iEf pS yf g;onf qif;&Jujkd zpfapygoavm¿

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yifausmEf kdio f nf[k rdeYMf um;ygonf/ þt&mrsm;ukd usiYo f kH;Mujcif;onf
qif;&Jygoavm¿½Sief m*aoeonf oDvusio Yf k;H onfukv d nf; qif;&Jonf[k
todtrSwjf yKol jzpfonf/
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0&Hwmrsm; jzpfygonf/ rdk;ysw H w H m;wpfckukd avSsmufonfqkt d /YH avSsmufoo l nf
ajcacsmí f rdk;ysw H wH m;\ tumt&H 0&Hwmrsm;\ wdkucf ku d jf cif;cH&onf qdkygtH/Y
xdo k t
l wGuf 0&Hwm½Sjd cif;onf aumif;oavm¿ r½Sjd cif;onf aumif;oavm¿
tu,fí 0&Hwmr½Sv d siu f m; xdkajcacsmo f o l nf vrf;acsmí f vdru Yf s
aoqk;H &ayrnf/ xdaYk MumifY wdu k cf u kd rf í
d emusiaf umif; emusirf nfjzpfaomfvnf;
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ay/ usio Yf ;Hk oltm; aygYyg;rIuo kd m jzpfapygonf/
odum© yk'rf sm;onf 0&Hwmrsm;om jzpfonf/ vrf;rrSm; vrf;racsmaf p&ef
um&Hxm;aomt&mrsm;om jzpfonf/tjcm;aom orm"dEiS yYf nmodum© rsm;onf
vnf; usiBYf uHot l m; b,forkYd sS qif;&Jjcif;udk jzpfaponfr[kw/f
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rsm;ukd nTe;f qdak yonf/ þw&m;rsm; acgif;yg;vsio f m qif;&Jayonf/ þw&m;
rsm;udk yGm;rsm;jcif;aMumifY tb,forkYd sS qif;&Jjcif; rjzpfapEdkiaf y/
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odrkY [kwf tusKd ;qufwpfrsKd ;rSsom jzpfayonf/
r*¾io f nf tvky?f
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avmuü vkyif ef;udk xrif;[kqk&d ouJo Y kYd jzpfyg\/ xrif;ESiv Yf kyif ef;
onf ESprf sKd ;jym;onfreS af omfvnf; wpfom;wnf;yif jzpfavonf/ tvkyrf ½Sv d sif
xrif;r½S/d tvky½f rdS S xrif;½So d nf/xdaYk MumifY tvkyo f nfyifvsif xrif;jzpfonf/
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vSonf r[kw/f
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r*¾i\ f toGit f wdki;f edAÁmefxifygonf/
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d nfcsr;f om[kyif qdk&zdk½Y o dS nf/
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½Sief m*aoeonf tusit Yf BuHw&m;jzpfaom r*¾iu f kq
d if;&Jonf[k
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jcif;ok;H &yf½adS omtajzudk axmufcjH znfah omt&m jzpfonf/
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cHNyD;ajzaomtajzonf rSm;aumif;rS rSm;rnfjzpfaomfvnf; jynf0h rSeu f ef
oifjY rwfaomtajzum; jzpfírvmEdki/f
ud,
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10/ edAÁme½lyoP²meyO§m
þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]t½Sjd zpfaomedAmÁ efü tqif;toGif

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rnfenf;¿}}[laom rdvEd \ ´ tar;udk ]]orkj'ma&onf t½Sjd zpfaomfvnf; ta&
twGuf r&Edik o f uJoY Ykd jzpfonf}}[k ajzayonf/ xdjYk yifvnf; qufíajzayonf/
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r[kwyf gavm¿}}[lí jzpfonf/
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EIid ;f ,SOí
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yifjzpfonf[kvnf; qdkEkid af omtm½kH jzpf onf/ tawG;tac: twGut f csuf

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avmuwpfae&mü ½kyrf ½Sad om emrfcsn;f oufoufowå0grsm; r[kwMf uay/

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þpum;onf tar;\tajzjzpfaom pum;r[kw/f ar;onfurkd ajz

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tcsKd U wifjycJaY yonf/ þwifjycsuüf yif t&nuif? yHoku?l ½kur© "l kwifrsm;udk
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apaomtcsuf jzpfygonf/
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trSwt f om;rS xGuaf y:vmaomtusKd ;jzpfonf/ xdkyk*Kd¾ vfrsm;um; xdktusiYf
aMumifY xdkokYd jzpfaeMuonfvnf; r[kw/f r*¾iv f rf;ay:odkY tjynft h 0 avSsmuf
awmfrMl uaomaMumifo Y m jzpfayrnf/
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awmomBuD;tvm; odyaf umif;?tvGeaf umif;? tm;vk;H aumif;[laom pum;

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Moyr®uxm
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2/ ork'´0*f (yO§m 10ck)
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4/ Oypdum0*f (yO§m 10ck)
5/ oD[0*f (yO§m 10ck)
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&[EÅmpum;rsm;udk rnfrSsyifajymqdkaeaomfvnf; t,ltqjyóemrsm;
udkiw f ,
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0w¬Ka&;q&monf bk&m;omoemudk jr§iw Yf ifaeaomaZmjzifY ol\pmay
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ajymMurnfqkv d sif rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬Konf ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwk\ Yd
tzufzufrjS ynfph kaH om avmutjrifusr;f BuD; jzpfaeayonf/ wapäaovsif
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wuúorm;vnf; jzpfygrnf/
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pmayynm½Siv f nf; jzpfygrnf/
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jzpfayrnf/ xdaYk MumifY ]]rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬K}}onf tjrifq Y ;Hk 0w¬Kae&m &vmjcif; jzpfyg
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vmjcif; jzpfayrnf/
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aom taMumif;t&mrsm;aMumifY EIid ;f wkr&aompm jzpfvmygonf/
rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬K\ pGr;f tm;rsm;onf Ak'0¨ g'\ pGr;f tm;yrmPtrSeu f kd
aumif;pGmazmufzsuaf eygonf/ 'óersuv f ;Hk jzifY ½IMunfah omtcg v,fjyifü
qifomG ;ouJo Y kYd xif½mS ;vSygonf/
Ak'b¨ momonf tppftrSeüf 'óeduaA'bmom jzpfayonf/
,aeY½;kd &mAk'b ¨ momum; pdwåaA'bmom jzpfaeayonf/
pdwåaA'bmomonf Ak'n ¨ eT jf ycJaY om Nidr;f csr;f a&;udk wnfaqmufEkid f
rnft h iftm; vk;H 0r½Sad omt&m jzpfygonf/ xdakY MumifY ,aeYAk'0¨ g'Drsm;onf
Nidr;f csr;f a&;qdo k nfukd rarSsmrf eS ;f Edik af omt&mtjzpf todtrSwjf yKaeMu&ayonf/
vlukv d eG íf awG;ac:aeMu&ayNyD/
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udk nTejf yvsif ]]vlukdausmjf cif;ESiYf vltwGi;f epfjcif;}}?
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þodjkY zpfaomfvnf; ,aeYAk'0¨ g'Drsm; vlukad usmí f awG;aeMuonfrmS
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þar;cGe;f \tajzonfxif½mS ;vSygonf/ rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬KuJo Y kYd pGr;f tm;

aumif;onft h &mtjyif tb,fukrd S nTejf yp&mr½Sad y/ rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬Konf t|
uxmrsm;udk rSm;,Gi;f pGm teufziG aYf pcJo Y nf/ ygVdawmfrsm;udkvnf; rSm;,Gi;f pGm
em;vnfapcJo Y nf/ aemufq;kH tawG;tac:rsm;txd rSm;,Gi;f pGm awG;ac:apcJY
ayonf/
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yXrqk;H jyK&rnft h &monf ]]rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬K}}\ tm;rmefrsm;udk rvIy½f mS ;Edik af tmif
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rS t<uif;rJv Y w G uf if;NyD; 'óevrf;aMumif;tay: ta&mufvrS ;f Edki&f ef wpfck
wnf;aomqE´ ½Syd g\/
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(þpmuku d REkyf o f nf aeYwpfem&Dig;rdepftcsed f ylavmif aom aEGv,f

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017 WhataboutMilindaPinhyar

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1

pOf taMumif;t&m pmrsuEf mS

36/ 11/ apwemvu©PyO§m 93

122/ 6/ arwåmbm0emedoHoyO§m 245

½IMunfah omolonf tv,fvrf;ae&may:ü a&mufaeygrS txufvrf;

tarSmifcsaeMuayonf/ þodakY om taMumif;rsm;onf auseyfEpS o f rd rYf u

onf[k ajzonf/ þtajzonf ar;oljiif;r&aomtajz jzpfonf/

qdwEf ;dI onft h wdki;f }} jzpfaernf jzpfonf/

½d;k om;aomjyóemESiYf taMumif;[kwaf omjyóemonf av;pm;tyf

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or®Kwdw&m;t& ac:p&mr½Sad v[ef a&mBudwv f rdS v

½Sief m*aoeonf tpyXr ]]e a[w¬y*k a¾ vm OyvAÇw}d }[k trnfü

onf/ ½Sief m*aoeonf trnfüyk*Kd¾ vfukrd &[k qdkaomfvnf; trnfü ½ky?f

xdky&rw¬t½S0d g'Dwko Yd nfÞ

þodkY tjiif;yGm;bdBkY udK;pm;vSsif y&rwfrsm;udkvnf; tvm;wl tjiif;cHEkid yf grnf

tkwcf v J nf;½So d nf/tkww f ku

opömüvnf; y&rw¬opömonf0gti,fqk;H jzpfonf/

yk*¾vpaom orkwo d nf ½ky?f a0'empaom

þrSsjzifY emrynwåyd O§majzMum;csurf sm; ok;H oyfcsuo f nf NyD;qk;H csed f

þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]bmjzpfvYkd t½Siw f Ykd &[ef;jyKMuovJ¿}}

aemufq;kH ydwaf ojcif;onf edAmÁ efa&mufjcif; [kwyf g\avm¿

xdjkY yif ½Sief m*aoeonf tu,fí txufuqdkco YJ nft

þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]aoNyD;aemuf y#doaE¨raeol wpfpkH

atmif vSrd í Yf vSní hf jzpfaumif;jzpfayrnf/ ,if;y&rwfrsuv f nS o hf nf vSnjhf yol

avmuü vrf;ok;H oG,½f o dS nfÞ

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½Sief m*aoeonf qdkcNYJ yD;aomtaMumif;t&mrsm;t& txufvrf;o

xdakY MumifY þjyóemudk azmfxkw&f onf/

uH?udavomrsm;onf y0wåu d sKd ;? y#doaE¨usKd ;-þodYk ESprf sKd ;aomtusKd ;udk

onf[k qdkEkid &f ef atmufygtar;udk 0efcEH kid zf kYd vdkonf/ xdktar;rSmÞ

t*Fgwpfyg;jynfjh ynf½h adS omt&m rxdu k af omaMumifY jzpfonf/ Z&monf r&PESiYf

'óeorm;wdo kY nf tu,f½adS eaom oabmw&m;wd\ kY qufpyfykH

þjyóemü rlu½JG adS eygonf/q|oH*g,emrlüUUUUUU

y#doaE¨raeol[al om tar;onfyifvsS if vluakd usmaf wG;xm;aom

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þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]y#doaE¨aeaom emrfç½kyo f nf þemrfç

tysuf uGi;f qufvnfyt Hk wGuo f m qdu k af &muftusK;H 0ifayonf/ rarG;rDçjzpfqçJ

xdaYk MumifY o&ufo;D cd;k olü tcd;k rvGwEf idk o

þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]tb,fah MumifY ½kycf sn;f y#doaE¨rae

r½SL? ESv;Hk vnf;rcke?f tawG;tac:tqifjcifvnf;r½So d l jzpf&rnf r[kwyf gavm¿

xdkaY MumifY rsupf rd jrifo\ l tvif;çtqif;taMumif; ajymqdkcsuu f o YJ kYd

w&m;wnf;/ xdaYk MumifY xdw k &m;onf y&rwfw&m;? "gwfw&m;rsm;udo k m

ynwå"d r®wpfckckaMumifY jzpfymG ;onf[í l tvsO;f r½Sad y/

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xdkxufveG í f aemufEpS af ygif;toacsrF S twdwbf 0rsm;ESi?Yf aemifEpS af ygif;

þjyóemü ½Sief m*aoeonf ]]a½S;tpGe;f rxifyu Hk kd Oyrmjyyg}}[laom

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bk&m;oSsiaf [maom y#doaE¨aeaMumif; tcsuo f ;Hk csuüf vnf; uHrygbJ

xdakY MumifY vlEiS Yf qif;&Jonf wjcm;pDjzpfaom oabmw&m;jzpfygonf/

ay:vmonf/ ,if;\tponfrxif[kom qdkvkyd gonf/ vl\tp odrkY [kwf

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4/ ocFg&Zm,rmeyO§m/ / txl;r½SNd yD/

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onf/ ½Sief maoeonf trnfüykKd¾ vfukrd &[k qdkaomfvnf; trnfü ½ky?f

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