QUN TR H THNG TIN LNG

Ging vin:

Ng Qu Nhm, MBA i hc Ngoi Thng Email: quynham@gmail.com T: 0904063835

Ni dung ca m-un ny:

Gii thiu v h thng i ng: lng, thng v phc li Cc yu t nh hng Thit k cu trc h thng tin lng v phng php nh gi cng vic Cc hnh thc tr lng

i tm nhng bt cp trong h thng tin lng ca DNVN

Bn c hi lng vi lng ca mnh? Nhng tiu chun g vn c s dng tng lng cho bn? Theo bn, nhng yu t no nn c s dng xc nh tin lng?

L THUYT V S CNG BNG V H THNG I NG

Li ch c nhn -----------------------------ng gp c nhn Li ch ca ngi khc -----------------------------ng gp ngi khc

Khi thy bt cng, nhn vin c th: 1. Gim u vo (ng gp) ca chnh mnh 2. Tng u ra (phn nhn c) ca chnh mnh 3. mc tnh hung gy ra s khng cng bng
thi vic, khng hp tc vi ngi c phn thng cao hn

H THNG I NG H THNG I NG Ti chnh Ti chnh Th lao Th lao trc tip trc tip Tin cng Tin cng Tin lng Tin lng Hoa hng Hoa hng Tin thng Tin thng Th lao Th lao gin tip gin tip Bt buc Bt buc T nguyn T nguyn
-BHXH -BHXH --BHYT BHYT

Phi ti chnh Phi ti chnh Cng vic Cng vic Thit k Thit k cng vic: cng vic: Mi trng Mi trng lm vic lm vic

khng lm vic: l, khng lm vic: l, tt tt --Ph cp Ph cp -Dch v cho ngi -Dch v cho ngi lao ng: bo him lao ng: bo him nhn th, h tr ti nhn th, h tr ti chnh, nh tr, gio chnh, nh tr, gio dc, cn-tin dc, cn-tin

--Chi tr cho thi gian Chi tr cho thi gian

Nhn vin gii Nhn vin gii ng nghip thn ng nghip thn thin thin a dng k a dng k nng; tnh thng iu kin, thit b iu kin, thit b nng; tnh thng lm vic tin nghi Nht; ngha lm vic tin nghi Nht; ngha Thi gian lm vic cng vic; t Thi gian lm vic cng vic; t linh hot ch; phn hi linh hot ch; phn hi Tun lm vic ngn Tun lm vic ngn Chia s cng vic Chia s cng vic Lm vic t xa Lm vic t xa Chc danh n tng Chc danh n tng

MC TIU CA H THNG TH LAO

H thng lng bng bnh ng Thu ht c ngi mong mun Khuyn khch ngi lao ng thc hin tt cng vic c giao

YU CU I VI H THNG I NG

(Adequate)

Chp nhn c
(Acceptable to the employee)

Cng bng
(Equitable)

To ra s khuyn khch
(Incentiveproviding)

H thng i ng

Cn i
(Balanced)

m bo cuc sng
(Secure)

Hiu qu Chi ph
(Cost-effective)

CC YU T NH HNG N H THNG I NG
Chnh ph
- Tin lng ti thiu - Tr lng lm vt gi/ ngoi gi - Bo him y t, BHXH - Tr lng cng bng (*)

V tr ca doanh nghip
- Quy m - Uy tn

Qu lng v phc li
TIN LNG V PHC LI CHO NHN VIN - Nhiu hay t?

Cng on
- Vai tr ca cng on -Tha c lao ng tp th

Chin lc tr lng
-Tr lng cao - Tr lng thp - Tr lng so snh/linh hot

iu kin kinh t
- Mc cnh tranh
- Nng sut lao ng -T sut li nhun ca ngnh

Bn thn nhn vin

- S hon thnh cng vic - Thm nin cng tc - Kin thc, k nng, kinh nghim - Cc yu t khc

Th trng lao ng
- Cung - cu
- Phn b v c cu

Bn cht cng vic

THIT K H THNG LNG

1. 2. 3. 4. Xc nh chin lc tr lng Kho st tin lng trn th trng nh gi cng vic (Job evaluation) Quyt nh v cu trc h thng lng

XC NH CHIN LC TR LNG

Trn, di hay bng th trng? Tr theo cng vic hay c nhn NL? Da trn thm nin hay thnh tch? Kt qu cng vic hay s ngy cng? Bnh ng ni b hay bn ngoi? C nh hay bin i? T l? Thng bng tin hay hnh thc khc? B mt hay cng khai?

Kho st tin lng trn th trng

Mc ch? Nh tuyn dng no s c a vo kho st?
i th cnh tranh trn th trng lao ng i th cnh tranh trn th trng sn phm

Loi cng vic s c a vo kho st? Xc nh n gi tin lng (max, min)

Kho st tin lng trn th trng: C nn t tin hnh kho st?

Ngun chnh ph (Government Sources) iu tra ca cc t chc khc (Surveys Conducted by Other Organizations)

T chc thng mi & chuyn ngnh (Professional and Trade Organizations) iu tra ca cc tp ch (Surveys by Journals)

NH GI CNG VIC
Qu trnh xc nh gi tr tng i ca mi cng vic, lm c s cho quyt nh tin lng Mc ch: Xy dng mt cu trc cc cng vic mt cch h thng v chnh thc da trn gi tr ca chng i vi t chc nh gi cu trc tin lng hin ti hoc pht trin mt h thng mi, lm c s cho tr lng cng bng ni b a ra c s thng lng n gi tin lng vi cng on khi tha thun v tha c lao ng tp th Xc nh l trnh tin lng Tun th php lut v tr lng cng bng (*) Pht trin c s cho cc chng trnh tr lng theo thnh tch hoc kt qu cng vic

Phng php nh gi cng vic:

Phng php xp hng cng vic
(Job ranking)

Phng php phn nhm

(Classification)

Phng php tnh im

(The point system)

Phng php so snh nhn t

(Factor comparison)

# Xp hng cng vic

Phng php:
Ngi nh gi xp hng ton b cng vic theo trt t t n gin nht n phc tp nht (so snh cp)

u im: n gin Hn ch
Mc tin cy thp/Khng chnh xc Khi s lng cng vic cn xp hng nhiu th kh thc hin

p dng:
p dng trong cc doanh nghip nh, n gin (t s dng)

# Phng php phn nhm

(classification/grading system)

... nhm mt lot cc cng vic thnh mt nhm hay ngch lng, sau xp hng theo kh / phc tp Cc bc c th:
Xc nh s lng nhm/ngch lng (5-15) Vit nh ngha cho tng ngch lng So snh cc cng vic vi nh ngha v xp vo nhm ph hp

H thng phn nhm nhn vin vn phng

Nhm 1: Cng vic n gin, khng c trch nhim

gim st, khng x giao gim st, x giao

Nhm 2: Cng vic n gin, khng c trch nhim Nhm 3: Cng vic phc tp va phi, khng c trch
nhim gim st, x giao gim st, x giao

Nhm 4: Cng vic phc tp va phi, c trch nhim Nhm 5: Cng vic phc tp, khng c trch nhim
gim st, x giao

# Phng php tnh im

Ni dung:
nh lng gi tr ca cc yu t ca mt cng vic Xc nh tiu ch tnh im: cn c bn m t cng vic
Kin thc, k nng (chuyn mn, nhn s) Trch nhim K nng qun l

Khi tnh im:

Tnh ti mc quan trng cho tng nhn t: Xc nh trng s Cc mc im khc nhau cho tng tiu ch cn c nh ngha r rng

Phng php tnh im

Cc mc Nhn t
o to Kinh nghim Mc phc tp ca cng vic Quan h vi ngi khc iu kin lm vic

Trng s
0,50 0,25 0,12 0,08 0,05

I
50 25 12 8 10

II
100 50 24 24 15

III
150 75 36 40 20

IV
200 100 48

V
250 125 60

25
BACK

V d: Trnh v kinh nghim

nh ngha: Tiu ch ny cp n lng kin thc v hiu bit v chuyn mn ca cng vic khi mt ngi ln u m nhim cng vic ny. Nhng kin thc ny c th c c t chng trnh o to chnh quy hoc cc chng trnh hun luyn; mt s c th c c nh kinh nghim. Mc v nh ngha:
Mc 1: Mc 2: Mc 3: Mc 4: Mc 5: Mc 6:

Cng vic ny khng i hi v trnh ti thiu, kinh nghim hoc o to(15) Cng vic ny i hi mt s kinh nghim hoc o to nhng di mt nm (30) Cng vic i hi nhn vin phi qua chng trnh o to ngh (trung cp, cao ng) hoc kinh nghim tng ng (t 1 n 3 nm) (60) Cng vic i hi nhn vin phi c trnh i hc hoc c o to hoc c kinh nghim tng ng (t 4 n 5 nm) (100) Cng vic i hi nhn vin phi c trnh cao hc hoc c o to v c kinh nghim tng ng (t 6 n 7 nm) (150) Cng vic i hi phi c bng cp chuyn nghip trnh cao (nh lut, dc phm, tin s) (210)

10

XC NH CU TRC H THNG LNG

Ngch lng Bc lng
(Pay grade/classes):

...mt nhm cc cng vic tng t nhau v kh v trch nhim

(Pay Range):

... cc mc lng khc nhau trong mi ngch lng ... mi bc tng ng vi mt mc lng ph thuc vo thm nin, thnh tch hoc c hai

Phng php thit lp cu trc lng

Phng php 1: Da vo s liu kho st tin lng trn th trng lao ng
Y= a + bx
y: mc lng d bo x: im s nh gi cng vic a, b: h s

Phng php 2: S dng im nh gi lm h s lng

11

Phng php thit lp cu trc lng

Phng php 3: Phn ngch lng
Ngch lng 1 2 3 4 5 Khong im nh gi Min 100 150 200 250 300 Max 150 200 250 300 400 Bc lng thng Min 1.700 2.648 3.555 4.463 5.370 TB 2.175 3.310 4.444 5.579 6.713 Max 2.610 3.971 5.333 6.694 8.056

* Lu : khong cch gia bc lng ti thiu v ti a s ln hn cc ngch cao hn

Cu trc lng theo ngch bc

6,0 5,5 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0

4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1

100 N.1

150

200 N.3

250 N.4

300 N.5

350 N.6

400

450 N.8

500

N.2

N.7

N.9

12

XU HNG M RNG NGCH LNG V GIM S NGCH

Ngch C

6,0 5,5 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0
Ngch A Ngch B

4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

CC CHNG TRNH I NG NNG CAO THNH TCH

13

Tho lun tnh hung 1:

Hy xem xt hai cng ty sn xut thp. Mt cng ty tr lng bnh qun mt ngy l 8USD/ngy. Cng ty th hai tr 10USD/ngy. Gi s cc chi ph nhn s khc nh phc li ca hai cng ty l tng ng nhau, cng ty no c chi ph lao ng cao hn?

Tho lun tnh hung 2:

Mt hng hng khng ang tham gia cnh trong phn on th trng chi ph thp v t dch v, hin nhin nng sut v hiu sut l cc k quan trng i vi s thnh cng trong cnh tranh. Cng ty khng tr lng da trn thnh tch trc y hoc kt qu cng vic. Liu cng ty ny c c hi thnh cng khng?

14

Tho lun tnh hung 3:

Mt cng ty hot ng trong mt phn on th trng cnh tranh khc lit ca ngnh cng nghip phn mm. Cng ty khng tr thng theo thnh tch c nhn v cng khng a ra quyn mua c phiu nhng hnh thc khuyn khch ph bin trong ngnh thng p dng thu ht v duy tr nhn vin lp trnh gii. Bn c u t vo cng ty ny khng?

Su cu chuyn nguy him v tr lng

(n gi) tin lng cng l chi ph lao ng? Ct gim (n gi) tin lng s lm gim chi ph lao ng Chi ph lao ng chim mt t trng ln trong tng chi ph ca doanh nghip Gi c chi ph lao ng thp s to ra li th cnh tranh bn vng Cc hnh thc tr lng khuyn khch c nhn s ci thin thnh tch Mi ngi lm vic ch yu l v tin
Jeffrey Pfeffer (Harvard Business Review 1998 May-Jun;76(3):108-19)

15

THUYT K VNG
(Expectation theory)

Mt ngi hnh ng theo mt cch thc v n lc nht nh v: k vng l hnh ng s dn n mt kt qu nht nh mc hp dn ca kt qu i vi anh ta
Phn thng ca t chc

N lc c nhn

Thnh tch c nhn

Mc tiu c nhn

A: quan h gia n lc v thnh tch B: Quan h gia thnh tch v phn thng C: Mc hp dn ca phn thng

p dng thuyt ny
Ngi qun l cn:
Hiu r nhn thc ca nhn vin v phn thng m h nhn c Hiu r mc hp dn ca phn thng i vi nhn vin m bo rng nhn vin vin hiu r h cn phi lm g t c phn thng (tiu ch, phng php nh gi) m bo rng nhn vin tin l h c th t c thnh tch t ra

16

CC HNH THC TR LNG

Tr lng c nh hay lng bin i? Lng c bn (lng cng)
Cnh tranh Kh nng tr ca DN thu ht ngi mong mun C s cho lng bin i L c s ca BHYT&BHXH

Lng bin i (lng mm hay lng nng sut)

Trung tm ca ton b h thng i ng Gn lin vi nng sut ca nl, hiu qu ca DN

TR LNG THEO THI GIAN

Tin lng c tr theo thi gian lm vic thc t trn c s mc lng nh trc theo gi hoc theo thng
Tin cng (wage): mc tr cho mt gi hoc ngy Tin lng (salary): mc tr theo thng hoc nm

p dng cho i tng no?

17

CC CHNG TRNH TR LNG KHUYN KHCH

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. K K K K K K K hoch hoch hoch hoch hoch hoch hoch tr lng theo thnh tch c nhn tr lng theo sn lng/doanh s thng khuyn khch theo nhm thng theo kt qu hot ng thng li nhun bn c phiu u i cho nhn vin tr lng theo k nng

K hoch tr lng da trn kt qu nh gi thnh tch c nhn (Merit Pay)

Mc tng lng gn vi kt qu nh gi thnh tch c nhn hng nm c im c bn:
Thnh tch ca nhn vin Xut sc Kh Trung bnh t yu cu Khng t Phn 1/3 di 12-15% 8-11 4-7 1-3 Phn 1/3 gia 9-11% 6-8 4-5 3 Phn 1/3 trn 5-8% 4-5 2-3 1

Khng tng Khng tng Khng tng

* Lu : Kim sot vic phn phi cc mc nh gi thnh tch Kt qu nh gi ch yu da trn nh gi ca cn b gim st

Next

18

Nhng cn nhc khi p dng

u im
1. To ra s gn kt gia n lc thnh tch phn thng c nhn

1. Khng hiu qu nu h thng nh gi yu km (qh n lc thnh tch) 2. Gn kt gia thnh tch tng lng c th khng r rng 3. Vic tng lng c th khng c nh gi cao (do s khc bit qu thp) 4. Ngi nh gi (gim st) lng l trong vic nh gi s khc bit v ng gp gia cc thnh vin trong n v. 5. Khng ng vin kp thi 6. Khng t c hiu sut chi ph 7. Khng khuyn khch lm vic nhm gim nng sut

Hn ch

p dng hiu qu k hoch ny

Mc thng (tng lng) phi ln Cng khai mc tng lng Nn thng thay v tng lng Thng ngay khi c th (khi hnh vi ng thng xut hin) 5. m bo thnh tch c nhn c nh gi chnh xc 6. m bo rng nhn vin tin tng rng thnh tch c thng cng bng 1. 2. 3. 4.

19

Tr lng khuyn khch theo sn lng/doanh s

Tr lng khuyn khch theo sn lng
Tin lng

Tin lng c nh (gn vi nh mc v sn lng ti thiu)

Tin thng theo sn lng

Tr lng khuyn khch theo doanh s (Sales Incentive plans)

Tin lng

Tin lng c nh (gn vi nh mc v doanh s ti thiu)

Tin thng (hoa hng) theo doanh s

Cu hi: 1. T l lng c bn v tin thng nh th no? 2. C th p dng vi i tng no?

K hoch thng theo nhm

(Group Incentive plans)

Tin lng/thng c tr cho mt nhm nh v da trn kt qu (sn phm, doanh s).

u im
Tng s gn b, hp tc gia cc thnh vin v gim cnh tranh ni b Gn tin thng vi kt qu chung ca nhm

iu kin p dng:
C s ph thuc cht ch gia cc c nhn trong nhm Doanh nghip mun tng cng lm vic nhm Kh xc nh trch nhim v mc hon thnh c nhn

20

K hoch chia s li ch (Gain sharing)

... cc thnh vin th hng li ch ca vic tng nng sut, gim chi ph, ci tin cht lng di dng tin thng

u im:
+ Lin kt gia n lc thnh tch v thnh tch thng rt cao + Khuyn khch ci thin hiu qu hot ng ca ton DN + Khuyn khch lm vic theo nhm + Hiu sut chi ph -

Hn ch:
Nl c th cho rng tin thng c phn phi khng cng bng Nhng gii php ci thin hiu qu hot ng c th s cn dn

K hoch thng li nhun/kt qu SXKD

(Profit sharing)

... doanh nghip trch mt t l trong tng li nhun thng cho nhn vin (qu/nm)
u im: (+) n gin, d trin khai (+) Khuyn khch NL t xem nh ngi ch thc s ca DN (+) Chi ph lao ng c th t ng c ct gim trong giai on kinh t kh khn v s thnh vng c chia s Hn ch: (-) Tnh khuyn khch thp do thi gian thng b ko di (-) NL c th phn ng tiu cc khi h bit rng KH ny s khng c thc hin khi cng vic kinh doanh b tr tr

Gii php: Coi l mt phn ca h thng i ng v s dng kt hp vi cc k hoch khc gn vi c nhn hoc nhm

21

TR LNG THEO K NNG

Skill-based Pay

Ni dung:
...Ngi lao ng c tr lng (thng) theo cc k nng hoc kin thc m h hc c v s dng thnh tho trong cng mt nhm cng vic Phm vi p dng : hn ch

u im:
Nhn vin c ng lc lm vic tt hn v n lc trong hc hi C th dng khuyn khch cc nhn vin trung thnh nhng khng c c hi thng tin

Hn ch:
Chi ph cao: tin lng (gi) cao, chi ph o to i hi h thng nh gi k nng v qun l phi tt

Chnh sch i ng t LTCT (*)

Lng cao Tr lng khuyn khch
Kt qu, cht lng, s hp tc, tng K nng, kin thc v nng lc

Gim mc chnh lch tin lng qu ln gia cc nhn vin

Khi cc cng vic ph thuc ln nhau v s phi hp cn phi c hon thnh cng vic

Nhn vin tr thnh ngi ch s hu

Chia s c phiu Chia s li nhun

S dng kt hp cc hnh thc tr lng (*)

C nhn, nhm v t chc

C nhn ha h thng i ng

22

PH LC: PHNG PHP HAY

Phng php HAY: Cc nhn t nh gi cng vic

Kin thc K nng Kin thc K nng Kin thc Kin thc chuyn mn chuyn mn K nng qun l K nng qun l K nng nhn s K nng nhn s

Sng to/ Sng to/ Gii quyt vn Gii quyt vn Mi trng t duy Mi trng t duy Thch thc t duy Thch thc t duy

Trch nhim Trch nhim

Mc phn quyn Mc phn quyn Phm vi nh hng Phm vi nh hng Mc tc ng Mc tc ng

23