C cu (cho) Tch hp cc ng dng kinh doanh

Erik Gyllenswrd and Mladen Kap

Li m u
Mt thch thc cho ngnh cng nghip phn mm hin nay l khuyn khch ti s dng khng ch l nhng b phn hp thnh m cn bao gm c cc ng dng v thng tin y . Chng ny m t mt m hnh i tng v mt c cu cung cp gii php cho vn ny bng cch h tr pht trin h thng da trn thnh phn, tch hp ng dng, v kh nng t chc v cu trc tt c cc thng tin trong mt cng ty hoc t chc mt cch thng nht v n gin, do lm cho n thch hp vi nhiu i tng s dng khc nhau. C cu ny c trin khai thc hin trong khu t chc thng tin sn phm. .. Trang 5

BOM
BOM cung cp h tr cho vic trnh by v sp xp tt c cc thng tin trong mt h thng. Cc khi nim c bn ca Hi ng qun tr gii thiu trc c gii thch nh sau: * Cc i tng: BOM i din cho cc thc th phc tp c lin quan n mt hoc mt vi ng dng. V d nh cc t chc, phng ban, vn BOM l i tng thng xuyn nht c nhng chc nng nh c thc hin hiu qu. BOM cung cp mt phng php thng nht lp rp cc thng tin lin quan c xc nh thng xuyn nht trong cc ng dng khc nhau. i vi mt vn , v d v cc thng tin lien quan c th bao gm mail, ti liu, bo co , ghi ch, ngi gii quyt vn v trnh t video. Kha cnh. Thay v c gng cho php bn thn i tng i din cho tt c cc hnh vi ca n, hnh vi ca i tng c chia thnh cc kha cnh khc nhau. iu ny ngha l nhng kha cnh mi c th c thm vo i tng bt k thi im no trong qu trnh hot ng ca n m khng lm nh hng ti nhng kha cnh khc hay bn thn i tng. i tng BOM v cc kha cnh cung cp kh nng lm vic vi cc thnh phn ca cc ng dng qun l n gin v thc t l mt logic kinh doanh mi c th thm vo i tng khi i tng sn sng cho vai tr mi. Cc kha cnh c nh my v thm vo i tng nh cc v d. Cc i tng c th bao gm bn thn tt c cc logic kinh doanh hoc c s dng kt hp cc ng dng hin ti hay cc phn ca ng dng hin ti vi mt i tng v do to iu kin cho s ti s dng ca chng. Bn thn kha cnh c s

dng kt hp vi ng dng hin ti khng c logic kinh doanh v c th do ch th hin mt kha cnh chung chung. Cc v d v nhng kha cnh ny bao gm qu trnh i thoi( trnh by v truy cp, v d mt chic my bm), cc bng tnh Excel, PP thuyt trnh, cc bn v CAD v ha n. Cc mi quan h. Cc i tng him khi tn ti c lp m u c lien quan n cc i tng khc cung cp nhng chc nng nht nh. BOM cung cp mt m hnh quan h vi c hai loi quan h chung v quan h nh my, l cc mi quan h c ngha ng ngha mnh m. Cc loi quan h mi c th c xc nh trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca n. Nhiu mi quan h coa th c lien kt vi mt i tng. Cc mi quan h c s dng xy dng c cc cu trc th bc v cc mng li cu trc. Trng hp mt mi quan h mi c th c lien kt vi mt i tng bt c lc no. iu ny c ngha rng cc mi quan h c th c lin kt vi mt i tng ngay c khi i tng khng th s dng chng, v i tng khng nhn thc c mi quan h v khng thc hin c cch m mi quan h c s dng. Tuy nhin nhng mi quan h ny c th c ch v ngi dng c th hiu v gii thch ngha ng ngha ca n. Mt ngi dng bn ngoi c th l mt ng dng khc hoc mt ngi xem thng tin vi cng c ha. Cc mi quan h v kha cnh thng xy ra theo cp v cc kha cnh cung cp ngha ng ngha c th hiu v s dng mi quan h . Bng vic gii nn cc mi quan h vafddawtj chng bn ngoi i tng, mt kin trc thu c l kh nng thch ng trong mt mi trng thay i nh cc loi quan h v cc trng hp mi c thm vo h thng m khng lm nh hng n nhng chc nng hin c. Tuy nhin, iu ny c th gy ra mt nguy c v cc mi quan h d kin s c mt c th b g b m khng c i tng no c thng bo. Vai tr. Vai tr nh ngha mt chc nng nht nh c th c cung cp bi mt i tng. chc nng c cung cp nh mootj s giao din. Mt hoc nhiu kha cnh cng thc hin mt vai tr. Vai tr hn nh tng t nh ca giao din trong mt m hnh thnh phn nh MC COM. Mt quan h lin kt hai vai tr. Mt quan h thng thng c th lien kt bt k i tng no v tt c cc i tng u thuc loi thng thng. Quan st. Quan st c th sp xp cc i tng, kha cnh v cc mi quan h gii hn cc mc truy cp khc nhau ca ngi dng. iu ny l cn thit, mt phn bi v mt s thng tin c phn loi v cng l gim khi lng thng tin c trnh by gip ngi dng d hiu. ban u mt h thng thng bao gm

mt s quan im c xc nh trc. i tng c la chn s vn duy tr s tp trungkhi quan im thay i. c tnh ny c th c s dng chuyn i gia cc quan im khc nhau. Cc quan im c th c thm vo cng mt cch nng ng nh cc i tng, kha cnh v mi quan h. chng ta c th minh ha cho mi quan h gia cc khi nim c bn quy nh trn bng mt v d. hnh 18.3 cho thy mt i tng i din cho mt vn trong mt h thng qun l vn . Mt h thng qun l vn c th c cc vn sau: vn c nhn cho thy tt c cc c nhn gii quyt vn , v cc vn h phi chu trch nhim, qu trnh quan st ch ra quy trnh lm vic v a im din ra; v vn t chc ch ra t chc v ton b nhn vin ca n. Trong vn c nhn, i tng cng c mt kha cnh A-Note ch ra mi ghi ch c im c nhn c th c thm vo vn v ch c nhn mi c th xem c. mt vai tr c th c kh nng tham gia vo mt workflow. c th thc hin y vai tr , vn c phn b mt kha cnh, A-Workflow v mt mi quan h cho bit vn lien quan n lung cng vic nm u. Khi vn ny c x l mi quan h ny s c chuyn sang bc tip theo. Kha cnh A-Document c th c nhn thy c khung nhn t chc v qu trnh xem. Ngi s dng h thng quan tm vic ch dn nm u trong workflow th c th thc hin qu trnh quan st hoc tm thong tin qua mt i tng khc ( v d gc nhn c nhn), tm cc i tng, la chn i tng v sau thay i gc nhn. Sau vn s c tp trung nhng c th thy cc mi quan h v kha cnh c lien quan trong qu trnh quan st. Quan im t chc cho thy t chc c cu trc nh th no, cho mi n v ca t chc nh mt b phn, cc vn c lin h vi b phn c quan tm. BOF BOF cung cp mt b cng c xy dng cc i tng kinh doanh. Di y l mt s cng c v chc nng: - Thc hin mt kha cnh chung, mt loi i tng v quan h. - Mt mi trng cu hnh vi cc cng c v cc m hnh n gin to ra cc trng hp mi t cc loi hin c v to ra cu hnh n gin ca cc loi mi. Quan im mi v vai tr cng c th c xc nh. - Mt mi tng pht trin c th to ra s b xung chng trnh cho cc thnh phn mi trong hnh thc ca cc i tng v kha cnh. Mi trng pht trin ca BOF c tch hp hon ton vi MC Visual Studio cho php cc chng trnh ca i tng v kha cnh n gin trong mt ngn ng ty chn. BOF cng c sn API cho vic to cc quan h v gc nhn mi.

- Mt mi trng hot ng theo thi gian c th thc hin h thng mt cch cc b trn mt my khch hay thc hin h thng mt cch ton din trn mt hoc nhiu my ch. BOF cng cung cp cc dch v cho tm kim v ku gi cc thnh phn trn c mng Internet v mng ni b.

M hnh ha v hi nhp
Vic t chc thng tin cung cp mt c cu khng ch cho xy dng cc thnh phn m cn cho vic tch hp h thng v cc ng dng bn ngoi. Cc kha cnh c s dng lin kt thng tin v logic kinh doanh c ngun gc t nhng h thng khc nhau v cc ng dng vi mt i tng. Cc i tng, quan im v quan h c s dng m phng hot ng theo phng thc h thng v ng dng c lp vi nhau. iu quan trng cn nhn mnh l m hnh ny l m hnh cp cao thng ni lin nhiu ng dng v h thng, n c lp vi cc h thng bn ngoi m phng vai tr ca n trong ton b hot ng. Cc kha cnh i din cho thng tin nm trong h thng tch hp. Cc kha cnh c th tch hp thng tin cc mc khc nhau. t nht 3 cp thng nht c th c xc nh: cp ng dng, cp kinh doanh logic v cp d liu. cp ng dng, ng dng s khng cung cp API cho cc b phn bn trong n. Khi ng dng c gi t mt kha cnh, n s c kch hot v ngi dng s nhp cp cao nht v c yu cu iu hng n mt phn ca ng dungjnowi c cc i tng lin quan. Hy xem xt mt ng dng c s d liu bn ngoi nh mt ti liu v h thng qun l vn . Bng cch s dng t chc thng tin c th to ra quan im v xc nh cu trc khng c trong h thng tch hp. Hnh 18.3 cho thy mt v d nh vy: mt ci nhn c nhn ch ra tt c vn ca c nhn. Nu h thng c tch hp trn cp ng dng, cc ng dng hon chnh bn ngoi s c s dng khi mt vn c nghin cu v ngi dng phi s dng cng c ng dng iu hng n vn ng. c th tch hp cp logic kinh doanh, ng dng phi c hoc c cung cp mt API cho php truy cp cc b phn khc nhau ca n. l khi c gi, bn thn ng dngc th nhn mt s thng s u vo m t phn m ngi dng quan tm, v vi s gip ca nhng thng tin ny iu hng n cc phn c lin quan. Cc thng s u vo ph thuc rt nhiu vo vic ng dng c c tch hp v thng xuyn lu tr khng. Kha cnh ny c xem nh cng vo gia c cu v ng dng tch hp. S phc tp ca vic thc thi ph thuc nhiu vo cp tch hp cng nh loi ng dng c tch hp. Nu ng dng l COM based, s d dng hn v bn thn c cu chnh l COM based. Mt ng dng c tch hp tt phi cung cp

tt c cc phng php cn thit bi giao din BOF thao tc d liu m cc i thoi ring ca ng dng s dng( v d logic kinh doanh ca ring n) Tch hp cp d liu c ngha l d liu c ngp vo mt cch chnh xc m khng cn thng qua logic kinh doanh ( mt m), ci m bn thn h thng tch hp c sn cho vic trnh by v x l d liu. Trong nhiu ng dng, l mt cp tch hp ph hp. n c th s dng trnh by thng tin t nhiu h thng khc nhau nhng thay i d liu cn phi s dng h thng i thoi. lien kt c s d liu c lin quan l mt v d The relational database connector is an example of a number of cooperating components providing support for the integration of applications on this level. By using the connector, information stored in a relational database can be easily integrated. If data is stored in some other data source, a specific connector for that particular data source must be implemented. In practice, this level has been found to be very useful because a rapid integration can be performed and BOF features such as security can be applied to each row in the database because they are represented as business objects. Integration at the data level is most often a suitable level of ambition atwhich to begin. The level of ambition can be raised subsequently and inte ration can then be performed on the business g logic level .