B.

Mui Nitrat
I TNH CHT CA MUI NITRAT
1.Tnh cht chung ca mui nitrat 2.Phn ng nhit phn

3.Nhn bit ion nitrat

II NG DNG

Khi nim v mui Nitrat

Nitrat l mui ca axit nitric.

Ion NO3- khng c mu nn cc mui nitrat ca nhng cation khng mu u khng c mu. Hu ht cc mui nitrat u d tan trong nc. Mt vi mui ht m trong khng kh nh NaNO3 v NH4NO3. Mui nitrat ca nhng kim loi ho tr hai v ho tr ba thng dng hydrat
Mui nitrat khan ca kim loi kim kh bn vi nhit (chng c th thng hoa trong chn khng 380 - 500C). Cn cc nitrat ca kim loi khc d phn hu khi un nng. bn nhit ca mui nitrat ph thuc vo bn cht cation kim loi

1.Tnh cht chung ca mui nitrat

Tt c cc mui nitrat u tan tt trong nc v phn li hon ton thnh ion. Do , d dng tham gia phn ng trao i ion vi axit, kim v mui khc.
VD:

AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3 Ag+ + Cl- AgCl Cu(NO3)2 + 2KOH Cu(OH)2 + 2KNO3 Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2 NaNo3 + H2SO4(c) Na2SO4 + HNO3
to

2.Phn ng nhit phn

Tt c cc mui nitrat u khng bn nhit cao. Ty thuc vo ion kim loi c trong mui m cc mui nitrat phn hy nhit to thnhh nhng loi hp cht khc nhau v kh oxi. V vy nhit cao, cc mui nitrat c tnh oxi ha mnh Mui nitrat ca kim loi th, st, km, ch, ng : Phn hy to ra oxit kim loi tng ng, kh NO2 v O2

2Ca(NO3)2 t 2CaO + 4NO2 + O2

4Fe(NO3)2 2Fe2 O3 + 12NO2 + 3O2
to
o

2Cu(NO3)2 t 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2

Mui nitrat ca kim loi kim: Phn hy to ra mui nitrit v O2 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2
to

Mui nitrat ca nhng kim loi km hot ng: Mui thy ngn nitrat bc nitrat phn hy to ra kim loi, kh NO2 v O2: 2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
to

M : K, Na,Ca

M(NO2)n + O2

M(NO3)n

t0

M : Mg, Zn, Cu

M2On + NO2 + O2

M : Ag, Hg,

M + NO2 + O2

M : amoni: NH4NO3

N2O + H2O N2 + O2 + H2O

3.Nhn bit ion nitrat

nhn bit ion NO3- trong axit HNO3 hay trong mui nitrat,ngi thc hin nh sau: a)i vi axit HNO3 Cho Cu vo HNO3 c s c kh NO2 mu nu bay ra. b) i vi mui nitrat

Cho Cu v H2SO4 c vo dung dch mui nitrat s c kh NO2 bay ra

Cu + 4NaNO3 + 2H2SO4 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2Na2SO4 + 2H2O Phng trnh ion rt gn: Cu + 2NO3- + 4H+ Cu2+ + 2NO2 + 2H2O

un nh dung dch cha ion NO3- vi Cu v H2SO4(long)

2 NO3 + 3Cu + 8H+ 3Cu2+mu xanh + 2NOkhng mu + 4H2O.

Phng trnh ion rt gn:

2NO + O2 2NO2 (nu ).
Ch : ion nitrat ch c tnh oxi ha trong mi trng axit . NO3- b oxh hon ton trong mi trng kim: VD: 8Al + 3NO3- + 5OH- + 2H2O 8AlO2- + 3NH3

II NG DNG
ng dng quan trng nht ca mui nitrat l dng lm phn bn (phn m) NH4NO 3, KNO3, Ca(NO3)2 hoc phn bn hn hp NPK. Kali nitrat dng ch to thuc n en (thuc n c khi). Thnh phn thuc n en c 75% KNO3, 10% S, 15% C. Khi hn hp n, xy ra phn ng: 2KNO3 + S + 3C K2S + N2 + 3CO2

CHU TRNH CA NITO TRONG T NHIN

L mt chu trnh tun hon khp kn bao gm cc qu trnh: *Qu trnh chuyn ha qua li gia nit dng v c v nit dng hu c. *Qu trnh t nhin: *Qu trnh chuyn ha qua li gia nit dng t do v nit ha hp. Qu trnh nhn to.

NIT
O2(oxi)

Sm st HNO3

Thc vt

ng vt

Hp cht cha nit trong t

Vi khun phn hy

Ion Nitrat

NH4

Vi khun

THE END