Why does a white bear melt in water? Because its polar.

Unit 4: Intermolecular Force (IMF)

Focus Question
What factors affect molecular properties?

Polarity
Polar molecules have polar bonds and are asymmetrical. (Overall pull in one direction) Ex. Water

How do you know?

The type of bond is based on the difference in electronegativity.
Difference in Electronegativity Less than 0.5 Type of Bond Nonpolar Covalent

Between 0.5 and 1.7 Greater than 1.7

Polar Covalent Ionic

For now: metals and nonmetals make ionic bonds two nonmetals will make a covalent bond

Polarity cont.
Non-polar molecules are perfectly symmetrical. (Even if the bonds are polar) Ex. CH4

Polarity cont.

LIKE DISOLVES LIKE!

Oils will mix with other oils (non-polar) Water will not mix with oil (polar and non-polar)

Isomers
Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different molecular structures. Ex. C4H8

Network Covalent
Atoms are bonded to each other in a continuous network.

Diamond

Graphite

Buckyball

Metallic Bonding
Interaction between the nuclei of metal atoms and a sea of electrons.

Intermolecular Forces (IMF)

Force between molecules-- much weaker compared to actual bonds in the molecule.
Van der Waals Force Dipole-dipole H-bonding

***All interactions are electrostatic: the attraction between positive and negative charge.

Van der Waals

Stickiness between all molecules. Weak molecular interaction.

Dipole-dipole
Interaction between polar molecules. Molecules line up like magnets.

The more electronegative atom will be partial negative and the other will be partial positive.

H-bonding
Interaction between polar molecules that have H bonded to O,N, or F.
Between compounds!

Surface tension allows water skimmers to run on water!

Whats stronger?
Network Covalent
Metallic
Strength

H-Bonding

Dipole-dipole
Van der Waals

IMF
Are the bonds covalent?
Yes Is the molecule polar? Yes Does the molecule have H bonded to O, N, or F? Yes No

No

Is the substance all metal? Yes

No

Ionic

Van der Waals

Metallic Bonding

No

Dipole-Dipole & Van der Waals

If the substance is diamond or sand, it is network covalent.

H-Bonding and Van der Waals

So what happens?
Viscosity- Resistance of a fluid to flow.
Stronger IMF More viscous

Boiling Point
Stronger IMF Higher boiling temp.

Capillary Action- Ability of a liquid to flow against gravity in a narrow tube.

Stronger IMF Higher capillary action

Sim Lab #3
Complete Sim Lab #3.
Ask for a copy of the lab. Open the simulator on our website.