2.

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.

,
..
,
.

, ,
, , ,

E , D , H B .


.
,
,

2.1

a1, a1,
1 a2, a2, 2.

S ,

D . S
h ,
, .2.1.

2.1-

3-
:

DdS = dV ,

S
V

: dS = Sno , S ; no S .
S,
V, :

D
d
S
=
D
d
S
+
D
d
S
+
D
d
S

1
2
= dV .
S

S1

S2

h , :
S1 S
2 S;

DdS 0;

S = h S 0;
dV SdS,

: S .
, :

D
1dS +

S1

D
2dS =

S2

SdS.

2.

D . .2.2
, :

0dS+
D

n
1

S1

0 )dS=
D
(

n
2

S2

SdS.

,
S ,

D ,

:

D1n0S D 2n0S = SS.

: (D1 D 2)n0 = S ,
D1n D2n = S.
(2.1)


,
.

D
=

E

, ,
a

:
11n - 22n = S .
(2.2)
, Dn
(2.1) 1 2,
En ,
:
E1n a2
=
( S = 0).
E2n a1

.
V 4-
:

BdS = 0.
S

B1dS +

S1

h 0 :

B2dS +

S2

B
1dS +

S1

BdS = 0.

B
2dS = 0.

S2

, B S -
, :

(B1 B 2)n0 = 0,
B1n B2n = 0.

(2.3)

B
=

H

a

:
11n = 22n .

(2.4)

H
,
.

2.2

1, 1,
1 2, 2, 2. L,
(. .2.2).

2.2-

2- :

dB
E
d

dtdS.
L
S
L , :

2.

dB
E 21dh= dtdS .
L

h
S
h , S = l . h
, CD ,
:


E
d

+
E
n
2d = 0.

E
d =

E
1d +

E
d
h
+
E
12
2d +

+
E
(

1 0
2 0)d = 0,

o - .

, l , E
,:

E1o E1o = 0.

: (E1 E 2)o = 0,
1 = 2 .
(2.5)

D
=

E

a :
D1 D2
.
(2.6)
=
a1 a2

D ,

.

H .
, L 1-
:

dD
Hd = J dS + dtdS .
L
S
S
L 4- :

dD
H1d + H12dh + H 2d + H 21dh = J dS + dtdS .

h
S
S

h , S = l . h
, :

dD
H

0
H

h
, 21 0,
dtdS 0, h 12
h
S

: J S - , l (. .2.3.).
,

:

H
d

+
H
d

=
1
2
J Sd.

J dS

J Sd,

, H .2.3-

S ,

:

H1o H1o = J S ,
:
1 - 2 = JS.
(2.7)

,
,
.

B = aH ,
:
B1 B2

= J S.
(2.8)
a1 a2
2.3

, 2.1 2.2
.
D1n D2n = S
B = B
1n
2n
(2.9)

E
=
E
1

H1 H 2 = J S
,
,
() .

2.

,

. (2.9) .

.

= 0,

J
=

E
= 0 ,

, , J S = 0.
:
D1n D2n = S
B = B
1n
2n
(2.10)

E
=
E
1

H1 = H 2

.
= ,

J = E

E . ,
,
, , . ,
,

, .. E = 0. 1- E = 0

, H ,
, B = D = 0.
,

. (
6.)
,
:
D1n = S
E1n = S 1a
B = 0
H = 0
1n
1n
,

(2.11)

E
=
0
E
=
0
1

H1 = J S
H1 = J S

, (2.11) .
:
1.
S 1a
(..2.4).



jS (..2.4).
3.
.
.

.
,

. ,
,
, .2.4-



.
.
(, ) ,
t = 0 .
(. 1.6.):
dQ
d
I =
divJ = .
,

(2.12)
dt
dt

J = E , divJ = divE = divE ,

div
J = a . (2.12) :
div
E
=

,
a,
d
= a
dt
: = - .

:
(t) = (0) e ( a) t ,
.
, ""
= a , .
, (..1.1.) = 5,65 107 /,
10-19 .
.
,
, .
2.