I. Tng quan v bo him nhn th 1. Lch s ra i ca BHNT. 1.1.

Trn th gii: Hnh thc BHNT u tin ra i nm 1583 Lun n, ngi c bo him l William Gybbon. Nh vy, BHNT c phi thai t rt sm, nhng li khng c iu kin pht trin mt s nc do thiu c s k thut ngu nhin, n ging nh mt tr chi nn b nh th gio hi ln n vi l do lm dng cuc sng con ngi, nn BHNT phi tn ti di nhiu hnh thc khc nhau. Tuy nhin sau do s pht trin kinh t mnh m, cuc sng ca con ngi c ci thin r rt, thm vo l s pht trin khng ngng ca khoa hc k thut nn bo him c iu kin pht trin trn phm vi rng ln. Hp ng BHNT u tin ra i Philadenphia (M). Cng ty n nay vn cn hot ng nhng ban u n ch bn bo him cho cc con chin nh th ca mnh. Nm 1762, cng ty BHNT Equitable Anh c thnh lp v bn BHNT cho mi ngi dn. Chu , cng ty BHNT u tin ra i Nht Bn. Nm 1868 cng ty bo him Meiji ca Nht ra i v n nm 1888 v 1889, hai cng ty khc l Kyoei v Nippon ra i v pht trin cho n nay. 1.2.Ti Vit Nam nc ta, Cng ty Bo him Vit Nam trc y v Tng cng ty Bo Him Vit Nam hin nay (gi tt l BAOVIET) l doanh nghip Bo him u tin ca Nh nc Vit Nam x hi ch ngha, BAOVIET ra i ngy 17/12/1964 v bt u hot ng chnh thc t ngy 15/01/1965. K t cho ti trc nm 1993, nc ta ch c mt doanh nghip bo

him l Tng Cng ty Bo him Vit Nam (BAOVIET) trc thuc B Ti chnhTrong nhng nm gn y, ng v Nh nc ta thc hin cng cuc i mi v kinh t, tng bc a nn kinh t k hoch ho tp trung chuyn sang nn kinh t th trng c s qun l ca Nh nc, to ra tin cn thit chuyn sang thi k pht trin kinh t mi, y mnh cng cuc cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc. Ngh quyt i hi i biu ton quc ln th VIII ng Cng sn Vit Nam nu r : Khuyn khch pht trin, a dng ho hot ng kinh doanh bo him cu cc thnh phn kinh t v m ca hp tc vi nc ngoi.... ng li i mi kinh t, xy dng nn kinh t nhiu thnh phn theo c ch thi trng vi nh hng x hi ch ngha th hin trong lnh vc bo him thng mi, c th l ngy 18/12/1993 Chnh ph nc Cng ho XHCN Vit Nam ban hnh ngh nh 100/CP v kinh doanh bo him. y l vn bn php l chuyn ngnh u tin t nn mng cho php lut v bo him trong iu kin kinh t th trng. Ngh nh ny l bc ngot quan trng tuyn b chm dt s c quyn Nh nc v kinh doanh bo him ti Vit Nam. Theo ngh nh ny cc doanh nghip bo him c th l doanh nghip nh nc, doanh nghip c phn, Hi bo him tng h, cng ty lin doanh vi nc ngoi, chi nhnh hay cng ty 100% vn nc ngoi. V c th ni y l thi k bt u ca vic t do ho v m ca th trng Vit Nam. Vi nhn thc su sc v vai tr v tm quan trng ca BHNT, trong nhng nm qua Chnh ph v B Ti chnh rt quan tm pht trin nghip v Bo him. Vi s ra i ca

cng ty BHNT chnh thc u tin Vit Nam nm 1996 khng nh r s quan tm ca cc c quan Nh nc tm v m. Mc d chng ta mi tin hnh nghip v BHNT hn 5 nm, nhng nhng g BVNT Vit Nam t c trong thi gian rt ng ghi nhn. To nn cho ngi dn Vit Nam mt phong tc sng mi, mt hnh thc tit kim mi. Nm 1999 vi s tham gia ca mt s cng ty BHNT c vn nc ngoi th trng BHNT Vit Nam tr nn si ng hn v phong ph hn. Gip cho ngi dn c th la chn cho mnh sn phm bo him ph hp nht. Cho n nay th c 5 cng ty BHNT hot ng trn th trng bo him Vit Nam l: - Bo Vit l cng ty BHNT duy nht Vit Nam c 100% vn trong nc, ng thi c s vn kinh doanh v thi gian hot ng lu nht: vn kinh doanh l 55 triu USD, pht hnh hp ng u tin ngy 01/8/1996, thi gian hot ng l khng k hn - Manulife l cng ty 100% vn nc ngoi ca Canada khai trng hot ng 12/6/1999, vn ng k kinh doanh l 10 triu USD, thi gian hot ng 50 nm. - Prudential l cng ty 100% vn nc ngoi ca Anh quc y l cng ty BHNT u t vo Vit Nam c s vn ln sau Bo Vit 40 triu USD, khai trng hot ng ngy 29/10/1999 v c thi gian hot ng l 50 nm. - Bo Minh - CMG lin doanh gia tp on CMG (Australia) v Cng ty bo him TP H Ch Minh (Bo Minh) khai trng hot ng ngy 12/10/1999, vn ng k kinh doanh 6 triu USD, thi gian hot ng 30 nm.

- AIA cng ty Bo him 100% vn nc ngoi ca M khai trng hot ng 22/2/2000, vn ng k kinh doanh 10 triu USD, thi gian hot ng l 50 nm. Cho n 1/4/2001 Lut kinh doanh bo him chnh thc pht huy hiu lc to ra hnh lang php l ng thi gp phn khng nh v tr ca ngnh kinh doanh bo him trong x hi Vit Nam. 2. S cn thit ca bo him nhn th (BHNT) Bo him l s chia s ri ro gia mt s ng vi mt s t trong s h phi gnh chu nhng ri ro. C th ni nguyn tc ny ln u tin c ghi vo lch s l nm 1583, th trng Lun n mt nhm ngi tho thun gp tin v s tin ny s c tr cho ngi no trong s h b cht trong 1 nm. y cng l mm mng ca nghip v bo him nhn th (BHNT). Trong cuc sng sinh hot cng nh trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh hng ngy d lun ch ngn nga v phng nhng con ngi vn c nguy c gp phi nhng ri ro bt ng xy ra. Cc ri ro do nhiu nguyn nhn, v d nh: - Cc ri ro do mi trng thin nhin: Bo, lt, ng t, hn hn... Cc ri ro xy ra do s tin b v pht trin ca khoa hc k thut. Khoa hc k thut pht trin, mt mt thc y sn5 xut v to iu kin thun li cho cuc sng con ngi nhng mt khc cng gy ra nhiu tai nn bt ng nh tai nn t, hng khng , tai nn lao ng... Cc ri ro do mi trng x hi. y cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ra ri ro cho con ngi, khi x hi

cng pht trin th con ngi cng c nguy c gp nhiu ri ro nh tht nghip, t nn x hi, lm pht... Bt k l do nguyn nhn g, khi ri ro xy ra thng em li cho con ngi nhng kh khn trong cuc sng nh nguy hi n bn thn, hao tn ti chnh gia nh... lm nh hng n i sng kinh t x hi. i ph vi nhng ri ro con ngi c nhiu bin php khc nhau nhm kim sot cng nh khc phc nhng hu qu do ri ro gy ra. l nhm bin php kim sot ri ro v ti tr ri ro. + Nhm bin php kim sot ri ro bao gm cc bin php n trnh ri ro, ngn nga tn tht, gim thiu ri ro. Cc bin php ny thng c s dng ngn chn hoc gim thiu kh nng xy ra ri ro. Tuy nhin l bin php ny gip chng ta ngn chn v gim thiu rt nhiu ri ro trong cuc sng nhng khi ri ro xy ra chng ta khng ngn nga ht c hu qu. + Nhm cc bin php ti tri ri ro bao gm cc bin php chp nhn ri ro v bo him. y l cc bin php c s dng trc khi ri ro xy ra vi mc ch khc phc cc hu qu tn tht do ri ro gy ra nu c. Khi chp nhn ri ro th con ngi phi i ph vi nhng kh khn khng nhng cho bn thn m cn v mt ti chnh ca gia nh na cho nn bo him l phng php tt hn i ph vi ri ro. Bo him l mt phn quan trng trong cc chng trnh qun l ri ro ca cc t chc cng nh c nhn. Theo quan im cu cc nh qun l ri ro, bo him l s chuyn giao ri ro trn c s hp ng. Theo quan im x hi bo him khng ch chuyn giao ri ro m cn l s gim ri ro do

vic tp trung mt s ln cc ri ro cho php c th tin on v cc tn tht khi chng xy ra. Bo him l cng c i ph vi hu qu tn tht do ri ro gy ra, c hiu qu nht. Nh vy, bo him ra i l i hi tt yu khch quan ca cuc sng con ngi. S ra i v pht trin ca BHNT ng gp mt phn khng nh vo s pht trin cu nn kinh t trn th gii. Ngy nay tham gia BHNT tr thnh mt nhu cu tt yu ca ngi dn cc nc pht trin cng nh cc nc ang pht trin. chu , nhng nm gn y BHNT pht trin ht sc mnh m, thc hin chc nng huy ng ngun vn nhn ri trong dn, to ngun u t di hn cho s pht trin kinh tx hi, gim bt tnh trng vay vn nc ngoi vi li sut cao. Theo s liu ca Thi bo kinh t th trong nm 2001 doanh thu ph BHNT t 2500 t ng, chim 0,55% GDP. BHNT gip tng tch lu cho ngn sch nh nc, gp phn gii quyt mt s vn x hi nh vn tht nghip, vn gio dc...Hin nay hu ht cc cng ty ln trn th gii u tham gia BHNT nhm duy tr hot ng ca cng ty, b p phn thit hi do ri ro trong trng hp ngi ch cng ty phi ngng lm vic do t vong hoc thng tt ton b vnh vin. Trong iu kin kinh t Vit nam, tri qua hn 10 nm thc hin ng li i mi di s lnh o ca ng, t nc ta t c nhng thnh tu ng phn khi v c ngha rt quan trng. ra khi khng hong kinh t ko di, to ra c nhng c s vt cht thun li cho s nghip pht trin t nc, cho php chng ta chuyn sang thi k mi:

"y mnh cng nghip ho, hin i ho v mc tiu dn giu nc mnh x hi vn minh". Cng vi tc tng trng kinh t hng nm t 8 n 9% v tc tiu dng thp hn tc tng trng kinh t th tit kim trong dn s khng ngng tng c v s tuyt i v t trng so vi GDP. a s vi ngi dn, ngoi kh nng gi tin tit kim vo ngn hng th thng rt t kh nng u t nhng khon tin nhn ri. Nh vy cng vi vic tng nhanh s lng v t l tit kim trong dn, nh nc cn phi c gii php, chnh sch v cng c huy ng mnh ngun vn trong dn cho u t pht trin. BHNT t khi ra i v trin khai cc nghip v BHNT hn hp mang tnh cht va bo him va tit kim v ang huy ng c mt lng vn khng nh trong dn. Tuy bc u, lng ngi tham gia bo him cha ln, s hp ng tham gia mc trch nhim cao cng cha nhiu, nhng m ra thm cho ngi dn mt cch thc tit kim mi ng thi gp phn vo pht trin ngun vn, tng u t cho t nc. 3. Vai tr ca BHNT 3.1. BHNT i vi nn kinh t nh gi c y ngha v vai tr ca BHNT, trc ht chng ta cn hiu r khi nim v BHNT: Bo him nhn th l s cam kt gia ngi bo him v ngi tham gia bo him, m trong ngi bo him s tr cho ngi tham gia (hoc ngi th hng quyn li bo him) mt s tin nht nh khi c nhng s kin nh trc xy ra (ngi c bo him b cht hoc sng n mt thi im nht nh) cn ngi tham gia phi np ph bo

him y , ng hn. Ni cch khc, BHNT l qu trnh bo him cc ri ro lin quan n sinh mng, cuc sng v tui th con ngi. BHNT ra i c ngha rt ln i vi s pht trin kinh t x hi ca mi quc qia: Th nht: BHNT gp phn n nh ti chnh cho ngi tham gia hoc ngi c hng quyn li bo him. Nhc n BHNT l phi nhc n vai tr u tin ny, ri ro l ci khng th lng trc trong cuc sng mi con ngi, x hi cng pht trin cng c nhiu c hi nhng cng ng ngha vi c nhiu ri ro e do cuc sng con ngi dn n nhng bt n v ti chnh cho c nhn gia nh cng nh x hi. Khi ri ro chng may xy ra, nu tham gia BHNT th bn thn hoc ngi thn, gia nh ca bn s dc m bo v mt ti chnh b p phn no nhng tn tht do ri ro gy ra. Cn khi ri ro khng xy ra, thng qua mt s loi hnh sn phm khc nh bo him tr cp hu tr, bo him hn hp.. ngi tham gia vn nhn c s tin bo him cng vi li s dng cho nhu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi. Th hai: BHNT gp phn gim gnh nng cho ngn sch Nh nc v tng thm quyn li cho ngi lao ng. Trc y, trong thi k bao cp, hng nm ngn sch Nh nc phi chi ra mt lng tin kh ln chi tr cho cc c nhn, cng ty gp ri ro di hnh thc tr cp (tr cp m dau tr cp mt vic lm..). Cc khon chi ny va lm thm ht ngn sch Nh nc, i khi li cn gy tm l li khng c gng v c ngi khc chu trch nhim gip mnh i vi c c nhn cng nh t chc. Ngy nay khi BHNT ra

i, ngi tham gia c th t bo v cho mnh, ch ng i ph vi cc ri ro ng thi to ra mt khon tit kim (khng may ri ro xy ra, bn cnh cc ch bo him y t, BHXH ngi lao ng cn c hng quyn li t BHNT nu h tham gia). Bn cnh , tham gia bo him hu tr t nguyn ngi lao ng cn c hng khon tr cp hu tr, t lo c cho bn thn gim gnh nng cho gia nh cng nh x hi. Th ba: BHNT l cng c thu ht vn u t hu hiu. Ph trong BHNT kh ln, nh vo nhng c trng cng nh quyn li to ln khi tham gia BHNT m ngy nay ngi ta ngy cng quan tm n BHNT, t m lng vn c huy ng t dn chng c tng ln. Vit Nam ang trong thi k i mi Cng nghip ho - hin i ho t nc phc v cho s pht trin kinh t phI c mt lng vn u t rt ln. Chnh v nhn thc c tm quan trng ca BHNT nn tuy mi ra i c 5 nm nhng Nh nc ta lin tc c nhng chnh sch to iu kin cho BHNTngy mt pht trin m bc tin quan trng l s cho php cc cng ty BHNT nc ngoi tham gia vo th trng BHNT Vit Nam v s ra i ca Lut Bo him ngy 7/12/2000. y l mt trong cc bin php ca Nh nc nhm to ra cc ngun vn di do cho u t pht trin t nc vi ch trng l ch yu da vo ngun ni lc v tranh th ngun ngoi lc, chng ta c quyn hy vng thng qua BHNT c th trong thi gian ti dn dn s thu ht c ngun vn nhn ri trong dn c v lng tin ny c d kin s ln ti hn 10 t (c d tr di dng

ngoi t cng nh vng). Ngoi ra, khi cc cng ty BHNT nc ngoi tham gia vo th trng BH Vit Nam ngun vn do h u t vo cng s rt ln. Thm vo , do c im ca BHNT l mang tnh di hn, ngun vn huy ng c c th em u t trong mt thi gian di y l oc coi l ngun vn tuyt vi nht cho cc d n kinh t ln. Th t: BHNT to ra mt s lng ln cng n vic lm cho ngi lao ng. Vi dn s gn 80 triu li l dn s tr, hng nm ring s lng sinh vin ra trng cng l c mt thch thc i vi x hi, vic lm lun l vn nng bng khi m lng ngi khng c vic lm ngy cng nhiu v trong ngoi nhng ngi khng c trnh th cng c rt nhiu ngi c trnh khng c s dng ng mc ch. Hot ng BHNT cn mt mng li rt ln cc i l khai thc bo him, i ng nhn vin tin hc, ti chnh, k ton, qun l kinh t... V vy, pht trin BHNT gp phn to ra nhiu cng n vic lm, gim bt s lng ngi tht nghip, bt i gnh nng cho ngn sch Nh nc. C ni ring cng ty BHNT H Ni, vi s lng cn b khai thc mi phng ln n trn di 50 ngi, ring ni thnh c 16 phng khai thc, a s y u l cc cn b chuyn nghip cha k n cc i l bn chuyn nghip ri rc tng qun huyn, ngoi ra BHNT cn c 60 cng ty khc khp cc qun huyn trong c nc. Th nm: BHNT l bin php u t hp l cho gio dc v gp phn to nn mt tp qun, mt phong cch sng mi. i vi nhng nc ang pht trin, u t cho gio dc l

rt quan trng v phi coi l nn tng ca s pht trin. Tuy nhin khi chi ph cho gio dc ngy mt tng th ngun lc ca cc nc ny li rt hn hp, bn cnh cc bin php h tr gio dc nh ku gi ng gp, vin tr ca cc c quan trong v ngoi nc, cho sinh vin vay vn tn dng u mang tnh nht thi, khng n nh, tham gia BH An sinh gio dc l mt bin php hp l u t cho vic hc hnh ca con em nh tit kim thng xuyn ca gia nh. y cng l gii php gp phn xy dng mc tiu cng bng x hi v u t cho tng lai con em mnh khng ch l trch nhim ca X hi m cn l trch nhim ca tng gia nh. Ngoi ra, tham gia BHNT cn th hin mt np sng p thng qua vic to cho mi ngi thi quen bit tit kim, bit lo lng cho tng lai ca ngi thn, ng thi gio dc con em mnh cng bit tit kim v sng c trch nhim i vi ngi khc. Tham gia BHNT va to quyn li cho chnh mnh va to quyn li cho ngi thn ng thi ng gp vo s pht trin ca x hi. Con ngi l nhn t quyt nh s pht trin. Do vy, vic thc hin chin lc, chnh sch v con ngi l v cng quan trng, thc hin BHNT chnh l thc hin chin lc pht trin ton din con ngi ca ng v Nh nc. C th ni, BHNT gp phn khng nh vo vic gii quyt mt s vn x hi nh gio dc, xo i gim ngho, gim tht nghip b p tn tht, bt hnh trong cuc sng, gp phn gim gnh nng trch nhim x hi i vi ngi lao ng, ngi cao tui.... 3.2. BHNT trong lnh vc bo him

3.2.1. BHNT l mt trong nhng loi hnh bo him ra i sm nht Bo him thng mi trn th gii c lch s pht trin hn 500 nm. Bo him hot ng trn nguyn tc s ng b s t l s chia s ri ro gia mt s ng v mt vi ngi trong s h chng may gp phi ri ro. Bo him ra i l mt bin php hu hiu x l cc ri ro tn ti khch quan. Tham gia bo him ang ngy cng tr thnh mt tc nghip khng th thiu c i vi cc ch doanh nghip, mt thi quen tt trong dn chng. Ban u bo him ch dng li mt s hnh thc nh bo him ho hon, bo him hng hi.. n nay, bo him pht trin rt mnh m vi nhng loi hnh bo him ht sc phong ph v a dng. Mt trong cc loi hnh bo him ra i kh lu l BHNT vi lch s pht trin 400 nm, n ang ngy cng chng t v th ca mnh trong th trng bo him ni chung. 3.2.2 BHNT ngy cng ln mnh v tr thnh mt b phn quan trng khng th thiu c trn th trng BH. Thc t cho thy tc pht trin ca nghip v BHNT trn th gii khng ngng tng v chim t l ln doanh thu trong tng doanh thu ca cc nghip v BH. Tuy nhin tc pht trin ca BHNT rt khng ng u. Nu nh chu M Latinh ph BH t hot ng kinh doanh BHNT rt thp, ch chim khong 21,4% th chu u ph BHNT t t l cn i trong khong t 41,8% - 49,3% cn t l ph BHNT chu i ng chim 52,3% trong ton b

doanh thu ph nghip v BH. Tm li, d ng trn gic khch quan hay ch quan chng ta cng phi tha nhn rng BHNT vn ngy cng pht trin v khng nh v tr quan trng ca mnh trong th trng BH ni ring v trong nn kinh t ca cc quc gia, nn kinh t th gii ni chung. 4. Nhng c im c bn ca BHNT. 4.1 BHNT va mang tnh tit kim va mang tnh ri ro. y l mt trong nhng c im khc nhau c bn gia BHNT vi BH phi nhn th, tham gia BHNT ngi mua c trch nhim np ph BH cho ngi BH theo nh k ng thi ngi bo him cng c trch nhim tr mt s tin ln (STBH) cho ngi hng quyn li bo him nh tho thun khi c cc s kin bo him xy ra. S tin bo him ny tr khi ngi c bo him sng n mt tui nht nh, hoc cho ngi tha hng khi ngi c bo him t vong trong thi hn c bo him. S tin ny khng th b p v mt tnh cm nhng b p phn no nhng tn tht v mt ti chnh. Tnh tit kim trong bo him th hin ngay trong tng c nhn, gia nh mt cch thng xuyn, c k hoch v c k lut. Tit kim bng cch mua bo him khc vi cc loi hnh tit kim khc ch, ngi bo him khng nhng tch lu v mt ti chnh m cn mang tnh bo v cho bn thn, khi c ri ro xy ra cho bn thn th vn c m bo v mt ti chnh, d chnh l c im c bn ca BHNT m cc loi hnh tit kim khc khng c dc. iu

ny gii thch ti sao ni bo him va mang tnh tit kim va mang tnh bo v. 4.2 BHNT p ng c rt nhiu mc ch khc nhau ca ngi tham gia bo him. Khc vi nghip v bo him phi nhn th ch p ng c mt mc ch l gp phn khc phc hu qu khi i tng tham gia BH gp ri ro, BHNT do va mang tnh bo v va mang tnh tit kim p ng c nhiu mc ch khc nhau ca con ngi, mi mc ch c th hin kh r trong tng sn phm bo him. Chng hn nh Bo him An hng hu tr s p ng yu cu ca ngi c bo him l c mt khon tin gp phn n nh cuc sng khi h v hu, bo him An gia thnh vng p ng yu cu ca ngi tham gia l c c mt khon tin ln sau mt thi gian n nh trc... Ngoi ra, hp ng BHNT i khi cn c vai tr nh mt vt th chp vay vn khi ngi tham gia bo him gp nhng kh khn v mt ti chnh, th tc cho vay c cng ty bo him gii quyt rt nhanh gn khng nh i vay vn ngn hng hn na s tin cho vay ny c th tr hay khng tr li cho cng ty BH (tt nhin s tin cho vay c gii hn theo quy nh trong hp ng bo him). Chnh v p ng c nhiu mc ch khc nhau m BHNT ang c th trng ngy cng rng ri v c nhiu ngi quan tm. 4.3 Cc hp ng trong BHNT rt a dng Tnh a dng ca cc hp ng BHNT xut pht t mc ch ca ngi tham gia v t cc sn phm bo him ca cng ty bo him. Mi sn phm ca cng ty thit k ra l

 ph hp vi tng i tng tham gia khc nhau, cho nn bt c ai cng c th tham gia bo him v c c sn phm ph hp vi mc ch ca bn thn khi tham gia bo him. 4.4.Ph BHNT chu tc ng tng hp ca nhiu yu t, v vy qu trnh nh ph kh phc tp. a c sn phm BHNT n vi ngi tiu dng, ngi BH phi b ra rt nhiu chi ph to ra sn phm bao gm: chi ph khai thc, chi ph qun l hp ng... Tuy nhin nhng chi ph mi ch l mt phn cu to nn ph BHNT, cn phn ch yu l ph thuc vo: + tui ca ngi tham gia bo him + Tui th bnh qun ca con ngi + S tin bo him + Thi hn tham gia bo him + Phng thc thanh ton + Li sut u t + T l lm pht, thiu pht ca ng tin ...... i vi sn phm BHNT, nh gi ph BHNT th phi da trn tng vng a l, tng quc gia, tng ch x hi, tnh hnh kinh t chnh tr ca mi nc khc nhau l khc nhau. Hn na cn phi nm vng c trng c bn ca tng loi sn phm, phn tch dng tin t, phn tch chiu hng pht trin chung ca mi loi sn phm trn th trng... 4.5 BHNT ra i v pht trin trong nhng iu kin kinh t x hi nht nh. Trn th gii, BHNT ra i hng trm nm nay nhng

cng c nhng quc gia cha trin khai c BHNT mc d ngi ta hiu rt r vai tr v li ch ca n. Nguyn nhn ca hin tng ny c cc nh kinh t gii thch rng, c s ch yu BHNT ra i v pht trin l phi c nhng iu kin kinh t x hi nht nh: - Nhng iu kin v kinh t + Tc tng trng ca tng sn phm quc ni (GDP) phi t n mt mc nht nh, th hin s pht trin ca nn kinh t t nc. + Tng sn phm quc ni tnh bnh qun u ngi phi t mc trung bnh tr ln. + Mc thu nhp ca dn c phi pht trin n mt mc nht nh khng nhng m bo nhu cu ti thiu ca con ngi m cn p ng c nhng nhu cu cao hn. + T l lm pht ca ng tin phi tng i n nh + T gi hi oi phi n nh mc hp l th ngi dn mi tin tng m u t vo BHNT ....... - Nhng iu kin x hi bao gm: Tnh hnh x hi tng i n nh, khng xy ra ni chin, bo ng. Mt x hi pht trin n nh th ngi dn mi tin tng u t cho nhng k hoch trung v di hn. Ngoi ra, mi trng php l cng nh hng khng nh n s ra i v pht trin ca BHNT. Vit Nam trong thi gian gn y, khi tnh hnh t nc ngy cng pht trin th lut php cng c sa i sao cho ph hp v to iu kin thun li cho cc ngnh pht trin c bit l nhng ngnh mi nh bo him.

5. Cc loi hnh BHNT Nh trn nu, BHNT l loi hnh bo him mang ngha kinh t - x hi su sc. Trong , ngi tham gia bo him s nh k ng nhng khon ph trong mt thi gian tho thun trc vo mt qu ln do cng ty bo him qun l v cng ty bo him c trch nhim tr mt khon tin nh tho thun trong hp ng khi kt thc thi hn bo him hoc khi c s kin ri ro xy ra cho ngi c bo him. Do BHNT c hiu nh mt s m bo, mt hnh thc tit kim v mang tnh cht tng h. BHNT trn mt phng din no cn mang tnh cht b sung cho bo him x hi (BHXH) khi i sng ca nhn dn c nng cao m ch bo him x hi (BHXH) cha p ng ht c. BHNT p ng c rt nhiu mc ch khc nhau ca con ngi tu theo mc ch ca ngi tham gia l g. Trong thc t phn loi bo him ngi ta chia ra cc hnh thc c bn sau:

5.1. Phn loi theo ri ro bo him

C 3 loi hnh BHNT c bn, sn phm ca cc cng ty bo him u xut pht t 3 loi ny. 5.1.1. Bo him t k Cn gi l BH tm thi hay BH sinh mng c thi hn. y l loi hnh BH c k kt bo him cho ci cht xy ra trong thi gian quy nh ca hp ng. Nu ci cht khng xy ra trong thi gian th ngi c BH khng nhn c bt k mt khon tin no. iu cng c ngha l ngi BH khng phi thanh ton s tin BH cho ngi c BH. Ngoc li, nu c ci cht xy ra trong thi hn c hiu lc

ca hp ng, ngi BH c trch nhim thanh ton s tin BH cho ngi th hng quyn li BH c ch nh. Loi hnh BH ny c a dng ho thnh cc loi hnh sau: +Bo him t k c nh + Bo him t k c th ti tc + Bo him t k c th chuyn i + Bo him t k gim dn + Bo him t k tng dn + Bo him thu nhp gia nh + Bo him thu nhp gia nh tng ln + Bo him t k c iu kin c im - Thi hnh BH xc nh - Trch nhim v quyn li mang tnh tm thi - Mc ph BH thp v khng phi lp nn qu tit kim cho ngi c BH. Mc ch - m bo cc chi ph mai tng, chn ct - Bo tr cho gia nh v gni thn trong mt thi gian ngn - Thanh ton cc khon n nn v nhng khon vay hoc th chp ca ngi c BH 5.1.2. Bo him trong trng sinh k : Thc cht ca loi hnh bo him ny l ngi bo him cam kt chi tr nhng khon tin u n trong mt khon thi gian xc nh hoc trong sut cuc i ngi tham gia bo him. Nu ngi c bo him cht trc ngy n hn thanh ton th s khng c chi tr bt k mt khon tin no.

c im: - Tr cp nh k cho ngi c bo him trong thi gian xc nh hoc cho n khi cht. - Ph bo him ng mt ln - Nu tr cp nh k n khi cht th thi gian khng xc nh. Mc ch: - m bo thu nhp c nh khi v hu hay khi tui cao sc yu. - Gim bt nhu cu ph thuc vo phc li x hi hoc con ci khi tui gi. - Bo tr mc sng trong nhng nm thng cn li ca cuc i. 5.1.3. Bo him trn i Hay cn gi l Bo him trng sinh. Bo him trn i l loi hnh BHNT m thi gian bo him khng xc nh v s tin bo him c chi tr cho ngi tha k khi ngi c bo him cht. Ngoi ra trong mt s trng hp, loi hnh bo him ny cn m bo chi tr cho ngi c bo him ngay khi h sng n 99 tui (nh Prudential). Loi hnh ny thng c cc loi hp ng sau: + Bo him nhn th trn i phi li nhun + BHNT trn i c tham gia chia li nhn + BHNT trn i ng ph lin tc + BHNT trn i ng ph mt ln + BHNT trn i quy nh s ln ng ph c im: - STBH tr mt ln khi ngi c bo him b cht

- Thi hn BH khng xc nh - Ph BH c th ng mt ln hoc ng nh k v khng thay i trong sut qu trnh bo him - Ph BH cao hn so vi sinh mng c thi hn v ri ro cht chc chn xy ra nn STBH chc chn phi chi tr Mc ch: - m bo thu nhp n nh cuc sng gia nh - 0i gn ti sn, to dng v khi nghip kinh doanh cho th h sau 5.1.4. BHNT hn hp. BHNT hn hp l s kt hp gia bo him v tit kim, s tin bo him s c tr khi ngi c bo him b cht hoc sng n o hn hp ng v thi hn bo him c xc nh trc, trong bo tc tr khi o hn hp ng v ph thuc vo hiu qu mang li do u t ph bo him m ngi c bo him chn. Tu thuc vo nhu cu v kh nng ti chnh khc nhau ca bn thn, mi ngi u c th la chn cho mnh mt sn phm BHNT sao cho ph hp vi mc ch ca mnh. Trong BHNT hn hp ny yu t ri ro v tit kim an xen nhau v th n c p dng rng ri hu ht cc nc trn th gii. c im: - STBH c tr khi: Ht hn hp ng hoc ngi c BH b t vong trong thi hn bo him. - Thi hn bo him xc nh (thng l 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm...)

- Ph BH thng ng nh k v khng thay i trong sut thi hn bo him. - C th c chia li thng qua u t ph bo him v cng c th c hon ph khi khng c iu kin tip tc tham gia. Mc ch: - m bo n nh cuc sng gia nh v ngi thn. - To lp qu gio dc, hu tr, tr n Khi trin khai BHNT hn hp, cc cng ty bo him c th a dng ha loi sn phm ny bng cc hp ng c thi hn khc nhau, hp ng phi li nhun, c li nhun v cc hp ng khc tu theo tnh hnh thc t.

5.2. Phn loi theo phng thc tham gia bo him

5.2.1 Bo him c nhn L loi bo him con ngi thc hin di hnh thc ngi tham gia bo him l c nhn. Thng thng loi bo him t nguyn u do c nhn tham gia bo him 5.2.2. Bo him nhm L loi bo him con ngi theo hnh thc tp th c km theo danh sch c nhn c bo him. Th d tp th cn b, cng nhn vin ca mt doanh nghip u c mua bo him con ngi c km theo danh sch cc c nhn c bo him ri ro cht hoc bo him tai nn bt ng nhm m bo an ton sn xut, lao ng.

5.3. Phn loi theo thi hn hp ng.

Trong bo him con ngi th BHNT c s dng ch loi hnh bo him con ngi c tnh cht di hn (trn 1

nm), trong BHNT c 4 loi hnh c bn nh nu phn 5.1. Bn cnh cn c nhng sn phm i km cho sn phm chnh l sn phm b xung, c nhng sn phm c thi hn ch 1 nm, ht 1 nm li ti tc hp ng v d nh: Tr cp nm vin, chi ph phu thut, bo him thng tt b phn vnh vin do tai nn...

III. Chng trnh An Sinh Gio Dc trong BHNT 1. Vai tr ca an sinh gio dc i vi x hi, i vi ngi tham gia 2. S pht trin ca chng trnh an sinh gio dc 2.1.Bo him cho tr em trn th gii
Trn th gii bo him cho tr em xut pht t nhng nhu cu thc t l cha m mun m bo cho con ci v mt ti chnh khi c ri ro v thu nhp xy ra vi bn thn h. Vic thanh ton hc ph c th thc hin trong khi b m ang c thu nhp tr cho cc chi ph ny. Kh khn pht sinh nu khon thu nhp chnh b nh mt hoc b gim do cha hoc m b thng tt ton b vnh vin hoc cht. C nhiu cch cha m c th m bo thanh ton hc ph ngay cc trong trng hp h cht sm. Bo him nhn th hn hp c th thu xp c iu , s tin bo him c thanh ton nhiu ln hoc mt ln. n bo him da trn sinh mng ca cha m ch khng c k do kh nng t bo v ca tr em l rt t. Tuy c k do cha m nhng cha m khng c quyn li bo him i vi sinh mng con ci h. Bt c bo him nhn th no v li ch tr em u hon ph trong trng hp

cht sm xy ra. y c gi l bo him tr chm, bo him ca tr em thng c k kt a vo cuc sng ca b m chng v cho php a tr la chn khi a tr t tui xc nh trc (v d tui 18). Nu cha m cht trc khi con ci n tui trng thnh, hp ng bo him vn tip tc m khng phi ng thm ph cho n ngy hp ng o hn. Vo ngy k nim hp ng trc ngy sinh nht ln th 18 s c nhiu s la xhn khc nhau cho a tr. Nhng ds la xhn ny bao gm vic thanh ton ngay ton b s tin hoc n bo him tip tc c hiu lc trn c s bo him nhn th hn hp. Khng cn bng chng v sc kho. Nu a tr l n th c quyn la chn vic chuyn hp ng cho ngi chng trc khi kt hn.

3.2. Ti Vit Nam

Theo quyt nh s 296 / TC / TCNH ngy 20 / 3 / 1996 ca B ti chnh, khi bc vo trin khai loi hnh BHNT Bo Vit tin hnh trin khai hai loi hnh BH l BHNT c thi hn 5, 10 nm v chng trnh m bo cho tr em n tui trng thnh. Do mc ch ca chuyn l bn v sn phm An sinh gio dc cho nn phn ny em ch nu r v sn phm Chng trnh bo m cho tr em n tui trng thnh, y l tn ban u ca sn phm An Sinh gio dc khi mi a vo trin khai. V bn cht sn phm ny thuc nhm bo him hn hp, ngha l loi hnh c bo him c trong trng hp ngi c bo him b t vong hay cn sng yu t tit kim v ri ro an xen ln nhau. V th n rt ph hp

vi i tng tr em, bi l khi mua sn phm bo him ny cc bc ph huynh hon ton khng mong mun ri ro xy ra i vi con em mnh m ch mong mun l mt khon tit kim dnh cho nhng k hoch trung hay di hn cho con ci sau ny. i tng c bo him y l tr em cho nn tnh tit kim c cao hn tnh ri ro. Trong sn phm bo him ny c mt s c tnh sau: - Khi tr em c bo him n tui trng thnh (nm 18 tui) Bo Vit Nhn Th s tr s tin cam kt trong hp ng. - Nu tr em khng may b thng tt ton b vnh vin do tai nn, Bo Vit ngng thu ph v tr tr cp mi nm bng 1/4 s tin bo him cho n nm tr em trn 18 tui. - Nu tr em khng may b cht, Bo Vit Nhn Th s hon tr 80 % s ph np. - Nu ngi ch hp ng bo him b cht hoc thng tt ton b vnh vin do tai nn, cng ty s ngng thu ph bo him v hp ng vn tip tc c hiu lc. - Ngoi s tin bo him, tu thuc vo kt qu u t cng ty bo him s tr cho ngi c bo him mt khon li trch t kt qu kinh doanh ti nghip v ny vo ngy kt thc hp ng c gi l bo tc. -Trong thi hn bo him khi hp ng c hiu lc t 2 nm tr ln, ngi tham gia bo him c th hu b hp ng v nhn c mt s tin gi l gi tr gii c. T lc Bo Vit nhn th bt u trin khai sn phm th mt trong hai sn phm u tin c Bo Vit s dng c mt sn phm dnh ring cho i tng tr em. iu ny

cng da trn phn no phong tc tp qun ca ngi dn Vit Nam l tr em bao gi cng l c u i nht trong gia nh cng nh trong x hi, gia nh lun ginh cho con ci nhng g qu gi nht cng nh mong mun con em mnh c mt nn tng vng chc sau ny. Sn phm An sinh gio dc ra i p ng c mong mun , cha m, ng b va c th hin tnh thng yu i vi con ci va to cho con ci hnh trang vng bc vo i. Bt ngun t c tnh tt p ny ca ngi dn Vit Nam Bo Vit nhn th a ra loi hnh bo him An sinh gio dc v y cng l th hin s quan tm ca x hi i vi ngi dn. Nh ni trn loi hnh bo him ny thuc nhm BHNT hn hp nn th hin rt r nt tnh kt hp gia bo him v tit kim v th nn ngi tham gia li cng thy c tnh tin li khi tham gia Bo him. Hn na, ngi ta ni Bo him mang tnh x hi v nhn vn rt ln iu c th hin tnh cht ca sn phm An sinh gio dc l khi chng may c ri ro xy ra i vi bc cha m ch hp ng bo him th hp ng s c min ph cho n khi o hn v quyn li bo him dnh cho em b vn khng h thay i. C l vy cho nn cc bc cha m tham gia cho con ci ca mnh rt nhiu va th hin c tnh thng yu i vi con ci, va m bo cho con mt tng lai vng chc v mt ti chnh khi c ri ro xy ra i vi bn thn, va mang tnh tit kim. Hi t cc yu t trn cho thy quyn li ca ngi tham gia bo him l rt ln c cho ngi ch hp ng ln ngi c bo him. V th sn phm An

sinh gio dc lun l sn phm c bn nhiu nht trong cc cng ty bo him. Cho n nay, Qua 5 nm hot ng bo Vit trin khai thm nhiu sn phm mi p ng c nhu cu ca mi ngi dn trong x hi, mi sn phm c mt u th ring v c ci hay ring, h thng sn phm ca Bo Vit rt a dng v phong ph cho nn gii hn trong ti em ch nu v sn phm An sinh gio dc.

3. Ni dung c bn ca sn phm An sinh gio dc

3.1.Mt s khi nim v h s yu cu bo him H s yu cu bo him: l mu ng k bo him do cng ty bo him pht hnh, ngi yu cu bo him phi in y v chnh xc nhng thng tin lit k sn trn mu. H s yu cu bo him c xem l mt phn ca hp ng bo him. H s yu cu bo him, iu khon v cc ph lc l nhng b phn c bn ca hp ng bo him. Ni dung ca h s yu cu: h s yu cu l mt phn quan trng ca hp ng bo him. Ngi yu cu bo him phi k khai trung thc mi chi tit v bn thn: tn, tui, gii tnh, ch , s thch; v tnh trng sc kho, v iu kin bo him m mnh la chn theo mu in sn. Trn c s giy yu cu bo him, cng ty bo him s ngh khm sc kho v a ra quyt nh c nhn bo him hay khng. Nu ng chp nhn bo him, cng ty s a ra mt mc ph ph hp. Sau khi nhn c s ph u tin, cng ty s pht hnh hp ng bao gm iu khon v cc ph

lc. Mt bn gi li cho khch hng, mt bn gi li cng ty cng vi giy yu cu bo him. Ngi ch hp ng: L cng dn Vit Nam trong tui t 18 n 60, l ngi k khai giy yu cu bo him, ng thi l ngi k hp ng v np ph bo him. Ngi c bo him: Tr em Vit Nam trong tui t 1 n 13 (tnh n thi im gi giy yu cu bo him), l ngi m cng ty chp nhn bo him sinh mng theo hp ng bo him. Tn ngi c bo him c ghi trong giy yu cu bo him v hp ng bo him . Tai nn: Trong BHNT quy c Tai nn l bt c thit hi thn th no do hu qu duy nht v trc tip ca mt lc mnh, bt ng t bn ngoi tc ng ln thn th ngi c bo him hoc ngi tham gia bo him, loi tr m au hoc bnh tt hoc bt k trng thi no xy ra t nhin hoc qu trnh thoi ho. Nh vy nhng thng tt xy ra do ng c thc n, cm, trng gi bt ng i vi ngi bo him nhng khng c coi l tai nn bo him. Thng tt ton b vnh vin: L khi ngi c bo him hoc ngi tham gia bo him b mt hon ton hoc khng th phc hi c chc nng ca: - Hai tay hoc hai chn hoc . . . - Mt tay, mt chn hoc hai mt hoc . . . - Mt tay, mt mt hoc . . .

- Mt chn, mt mt hoc . . . Gi tr gii c (hay gi tr hon li): L s tin m ngi tham gia bo him c th nhn li khi yu cu hu b hp ng trong thi hn hp ng bo him c hiu lc. Hp ng bo him c gi tr gii c khi c hiu lc t 2 nm tr ln. Gi tr gii c ng vi mi nm hp ng vo ngy sinh nht ca hp ng bo him (l ngy k nim hng nm ca hp ng bo him bt u c hiu lc trong thi hn bo him). Gi tr gii c lun nh hn tng s ph m ngi tham gia bo him ng gp vi cng ty bo him, n chim khong 70 n 80 % s ph bo him ng, v ngi tham gia bo him phi thanh ton cho cng ty nhng khon chi ph thc hin hp ng nh chi ph pht hnh v qun l hp ng, chi ph khai thc... T l gii c trn s ph ng cng cao th cng thu ht, hp dn i vi khch hng v do cng l nhn t tc ng n quyt nh tham gia BHNT hay khng. S tin bo him gim: Khi hp ng bo him c hiu lc t hai nm tr ln. Ngi tham gia bo him c th ngng ng ph v tip tc duy tr hp ng bo him ny vi s tin bo him mi gi l s tin bo him b gim. iu ny gip ngi tham gia bo him vn tip tc tham gia BHNT trong nhng lc gp kh khn, y l s linh ng ca BHNT ng vi mi iu kin khc nhau. Phm vi bo him:

Do y l loi hnh BHNT nn phm vi bo him phi gn lin vi cuc sng ca con ngi do vy ta phi phn ra: -S kin c bo him + Ngi c bo him sng n o hn hp ng bo him. + Thng tt ton b vnh vin: b tai nn v mt 2 trong 6 b phn quy nh phn trn, + Ri ro t vong: y l ri ro c th pht sinh do 2 nguyn nhn: cht do tai nn hoc cht cho bnh tt. Bn cnh nhng ri ro c bo him, trong BHNT cn c quy nh v ri ro loi tr. Vic a ra cc ri ro loi tr nhm hn ch phm vi trch nhim ca nh bo him, mt khc gin tip gio dc mi ngi v thc t chc k lut, tn trng php lut, c thc phng v hn ch ri ro. - Ri ro loi tr xy ra do mt s nguyn nhn sau: + Hnh ng c ca ngi c bo him, ngi tham gia bo him hoc ngi c tha k + Hnh ng vi phm php lut ca ngi c bo him, ngi tham gia bo him. + Ngi tham gia bo him b nh hng nghim trng ca ru, bia, ma tu hoc cc cht kch thch tng t . + Do ng t, ni la v .v . . . + Do chin tranh, bo ng v.v . . .

3.2. Trch nhim v quyn li bo him

3.2.1 Trch nhim ca cc bn. * Trch nhim ca ngi tham gia bo him

- K hp ng bo him: ngi tham gia trc tip k hp ng bo him, cng cng ty bo him tho thun cam kt thc hin y cc iu khon trong hp ng. - Trch nhim khai bo ri ro: Ngay khi k hp ng bo him, ngi tham gia bo him c trch nhim k khai trung thc nhng yu cu ca cng ty bo him (k khai tnh trng sc kho). - Trch nhim ng ph bo him: y l s tin m h phi ng cho cng ty bo him, theo quy nh np ph ca cng ty khon ph ng u tin s l c s thi im bt u c hiu lc ca hp ng. Ngi tham gia ba him phi ng y ph theo quy nh v ng hn. - Trch nhim khai bo, thng bo tn tht: khi c s c ri ro xy ra, ngi tham gia bo him phi khai bo c th tnh hnh xy ra s c tn tht, tnh trng sc kho ca ngi c bo him cho cng ty bo him bit. Bn cnh phi cung cp y h s cho cng ty mt cch trung thc, chnh xc cng ty cn c tr tin bo him. To iu kin cng ty gim nh tnh trng sc kho. * Trch nhim ca cng ty bo him: - K kt hp ng chp nhn ngi tham gia hnh thnh qu bo him. - phng, hn ch tn tht xy ra trong thi gian hp ng cn hiu lc. - Thu ph v c trch nhim np cho ngn sch Nh nc mt khon tin gi l thu nh i vi cc doanh nghip khc. - Bo ton ng vn v chp hnh ng php lut. 3.2.2 . Quyn li bo him

- n nm ngi c bo him trn 18 tui, khi hp ng bo him ht hn, cng ty BHNT s tr cho ngi c bo him s tin bo him cam kt v c ghi trong hp ng bo him. - Trng hp ngi c bo him b cht trc ngy hp ng bo him ht hn, cng ty BHNT s hon tr 100% s ph np v khi ngi tham gia BHNT k kt hp ng vi mc ch l m bo cho con em mnh ti tui trng thnh. Do vy khi ngi c bo him gp ri ro b cht th ngha ca chng trnh ny khng cn na, nn ch hon tr 100% s ph np. - Trng hp ngi tham gia bo him b cht + Do tai nn xy ra sau 01 ngy k t khi hp ng bo him c hiu lc, cng ty BHNT s ngng thu ph bo him t k thu ph bo him tip theo ngay sau ngy xy ra tai nn v hp ng bo him vn tip tc duy tr vi y quyn li bo him. Trng hp tai nn xy ra trc thi gian 1 ngy k t khi hp ng bo him c hiu lc, cng ty bo him s hon tr 80% s ph bo him np cho ngi tha k hp php ca ngi tham gia bo him v hp ng ny b hu b. + Do cc nguyn nhn khc (tr trng hp t t v nhim virut HIV). Khi hp ng bo him c hiu lc cha 1 nm, cng ty BHNT s hon tr cho ngi tha k hp php ca ngi tham gia bo him 80% s ph bo him np v hp ng bo him ny s b ph b.

Khi hp ng bo him ny c hiu lc t mt nm tr ln, cng ty BHNT s ngng thu ph bo him tip sau ngay sau ngy xy ra tai nn v hp ng vn tip tc duy tr vi y cc quyn li bo him. + Do nguyn nhn t t hoc do nhim virut HIV. Khi hp ng bo him c hiu lc t 2 nm tr ln, cng ty BHNT s ngng thu ph bo him k t ngy n k thu ph tip theo ngay sau ngy xy ra tai nn v hp ng vn tip tc duy tr vi y quyn li bo him. 4) Trong trng hp ngi c bo him hoc ngi tham gia bo him b thng tt ton b vnh vin do tai nn. Trng hp ngi tham gia bo him b thng tt ton b vnh vin do tai nn (tai nn c bo him) th s c hng quyn li nh phn 3.1 trn. Trng hp ngi c bo him b thng tt ton b vnh vin do tai nn xy ra sau 1 ngy k t khi hp ng bo him c hiu lc, cng ty BHNT tr cho ngi c bo him s tin tr cp hng nm bng 1/4 s tin bo him cam kt cho n ngy hp ng bo him o hn. Trng hp tai nn xy ra trc mt ngy ni trn, cng ty BHNT hon tr 80% s ph np cho ngi tham gia bo him v hp ng bo him ny s b hu b. Ngoi cc quyn li ni trn v khi hp ng bo him c hiu lc t 2 nm tr ln, cng ty bo him cn c th tr mt khon tin li t kt qu u t ph BHNT ca cng ty cho ngi tham gia bo him vo ngy k nim ca hp ng bo him hoc khi thanh ton gi tr gii c hoc vo ngy thanh ton tin bo him trong trng hp ngi c bo him

b cht v tr cho ngi c bo him vo ngy o hn ca hp ng.

3.3. Th tc bo him
1. Khi yu cu bo him, ngi tham gia bo him phi in y , trung thc vo giy yu cu bo him, xut trnh giy khai sinh ca ngi c bo him v giy khai sinh hoc chng minh th hay h khu ca ngi tham gia bo him cho cng ty BHNT. 2. Khi hp ng c hiu lc t 2 nm tr ln, ngi tham gia bo him khng tip tc np ph bo him nhng vn mun duy tr hp ng th phi thng bo bng vn bn cho cng ty BHNT trc k np ph tip theo 15 ngy, v cng ty BHNT s thng bo bng vn bn cho ngi tham gia bo him bit v s tin bo him gim ti thi im dng ng ph trong vng 15 ngy k t ngy nhn c thng bo ca ngi tham gia bo him. 3. Trong thi gian 14 ngy k t ngy np ph bo him u tin, ngi tham gia BH c quyn t chi khng tip tc tham gia bo him. Trong trng hp ny ngi tham gia bo him c nhn 100% s ph np. 4. Hu b v thay i hp ng bo him: a) Trong trng hp hp ng bo him c hiu lc cng ty BHNT khng c quyn hu b hay thay i cc iu khon, iu kin ca hp ng ny tr khi c tho thun khc nhau gia cng ty BHNT v ngi tham gia bo him. b) Trng hp ngi tham gia bo him c yu cu hu b hp ng bo him

- Khi hp ng c hiu lc cha hai nm, cng ty BHNT khng hon tr li s ph np cho ngi tham gia bo him. - Khi hp ng c hiu lc t hai nm tr ln, cng ty BHNT s thanh ton cho ngi tham gia bo him gi tr gii c tnh n thi im, nhn c yu cu hu b hp ng v khon tin li ca hp ng ny t kt qu u t ph BHNT ca cng ty. 3.4. S tin bo him va nguyn tc inh ph: 3.4.1. S tin bo him y l hn mc trch nhim ca nh bo him i vi ngi bo him . Trong BHNT (c th l bo him tr em) nh bo him s a ra nhiu mc s tin khc nhau v ngi tham gia bo him s da trn kh nng ti chnh ca mnh la chn s tin thch hp nht. y cng l s tin ngi tham gia ng k vi cng ty BHNT. Ngi tham gia BHNT c quyn la chn mt trong cc mc s tin bo him sau: 5 triu, 10 triu, 15 triu, 20 triu, 30 triu, 40 triu, 50 triu.

Ph bo him S tin bo him = T l ph

3.4.2. Ph bo him v nguyn tc tnh ph

Cng nh tt c cc loi hnh bo him, ph bo him l c s xy dng qu bo him chi tr cho ngi c bo him v cc khon ph ph. Ph bo him l s tin cn phi thu ca cng ty bo him cng ty bo him m bo trch nhim ca mnh khi c cc s kin bo him c xy ra i vi ngi tham gia bo him nh: cht, ht hn hp ng, thng tt v m bo cho vic hot ng ca cng ty. y cng l s th hin trch nhim ca ngi tham gia bo him vi cng ty bo him nhm nhn c s bo m trc nhng ri ro c nh bo him nhn bo him. Ph bo him c th np mt ln ngay sau khi k hp ng hoc c th np nh k trong nm. Ph np mt ln s phi ng gp t hn so vi tng s chi ph ng gp hng k do hiu qu u t ca vic ng ph mt ln cao hn v chi ph qun l thp hn. Nguyn tc tnh ph c da trn biu thc cn bng gia trch nhim ca cng ty bo him v trch nhim ca ngi tham gia bo him tnh theo gi tr ti thi im k kt hp ng. Trch nhim ca ngi c bo him ti thi im k hp ng bng trch nhim ca cng ty bo him ti thi im k hp ng Ph bo him gm hai phn: ph thun v ph ph. + Ph thun l nhng khon ph dng chi tr cho ngi c bo him. + Ph ph gm:

- Chi ph khai thc chi cho tuyn truyn, qung co, mi gii, chi cho i l... - Chi ph qun l hp ng trong thi hn hp ng ang thu ph, k c chi ph thu ph BH ... - Chi ph qun l lin quan n cc khon chi tr bi thng. 3.4.3.Cch xc nh ph: a. Ph thun: C rt nhiu yu t tc ng ln ph nhng c bn vn l: - Tui th ca ngi c bo him c th l bng t l t vong. - Li sut k thut: li xut tin gi tnh trong c s tnh ph. Ngoi ra, cn c cc nhn t khc tc ng nh thi hn bo him, s tin bo him, cch thc np ph, t l hu b hp ng trc thi hn. Qua bng t l t vong ta c th a ra s lng nhng ngi cn sng (lx+n) la tui x sau n nm. T y c th tnh c xc sut sng v xc sut t vong ca mt ngi tui x sau n nm. Tui (x) S ngi sng (lx) S ngi cht (dx) T l cht (1000.qx )

Li sut k thut: nh bo him phi c trch nhim u t cc khon ph a ra mt phn li lm gim mc ph ng ca ngi tham gia. Mc li ny cng cao th cng phi kch thch c s lng ngi tham gia. Do vy nh bo him phi a vo li sut tin gi tnh ph. Trc khi tnh ph ta cn hiu mt s khi nim sau: x: tui ca ngi c bo him khi bt u c nhn bo him. lx: s ngi sng l(x+n): s ngi c bo him sng sau n nm hp ng. d(x+k): s ngi c bo him cht trong nm hp ng k. n: thi hn hp ng. v: tha s chit khu v=1/1+i. T(x+k): s ngi c bo him vin trong nm hp ng k. C: s tin bo him. p: ph thun. p: ph ton phn. Do BHNT gm nhiu trng hp c tr s tin bo him. Do vy phi xc nh ph bo him cho tng trng hp. + Ph thun cho trch nhim bo him ng:
P1 = C lx + n n v lx

b thng tt ton b vnh

khi ht hp

+ Ph thun cho trch nhim bo him khi ngi c bo him cht trc khi ht hn hp ng:
P2 = dx + k v k +1 / 2 kP v lx k =0
n 1

+ Ph thun cho trch nhim bo him khi ngi c bo him b thng tt ton b vnh vin do tai nn:
P3 = C n 1 Tx + k lx (n + k )v k 4 k =0

( Theo iu qui nh ca nghip v th khi ngi c bo him b thng tt ton b vnh vin s c cng ty bo him tr nh k 1/4 s tin bo him trong nhng nm cn li ca hp ng). Ph BHNT c xy dng trn c s P1 ,P2 ,P3. P = P1 + P2 + P3. b. Ph ton phn: Trn c s ph thun, nh bo him him phi np cho cng ty bo him. Ph ton phn = Ph thun + Ph ph Thng thng thu ph chim khong 5% ph ph, trong : + 3% chi ph qun l + 2% chi ph khai thc hp ng Mc ph khng thay i trong sut thi hn hp ng bo him, ngi tham gia bo him c th np theo thng, qu, nm hoc theo 2 k trong nm. cng thc tnh ph np mi k (F) theo ph thng nh sau: Nu np ph theo qu th s ph np mi k c tnh bng Fqu = Fthng * 3*0,98 (so vi tng s ph np theo thng th tng s ph np theo qu gim 2 %) cn c vo cc khon ph ph tnh ra khon ph m ngi tham gia bo

Nu np ph hai k trong nm th s ph np mi k c tnh bng F2 k = Fthng * 6 * 0,96 ( so vi tng s ph np theo thng th tng s ph np theo hai k trong nm gim 4 %) Nu np ph theo nm th s ph np mi k c tnh bng Fnm = Fthng * 12 * 0,92 ( so vi tng s ph np theo thng th tng s ph np theo nm gim 8 %) Ph bo him cho cc mc s trn bo him c tnh theo t l sau: + Vi cc mc s tin bo him t 5 triu n 30 triuVNtnh bng 100% t l ph ca mt n v s trn bo him. + Vi cc mc s tin bo him t 31 triu n 40 triuVNtnh bng 98% t l ph ca mt n v s trn bo him. + Vi cc mc s tin bo him t 41 triu n 50 triuVNtnh bng 97% t l ph ca mt n v s trn bo him.

3.5. Chi tr bo him

3.5.1. Trng hp sng n ht hn hp ng Vi : Hp ng bo him gc, cng ty s tr ton b s tin bo him k kt trong hp ng. 3.5.2. Trng hp ngi tham gia bo him hoc ngi c bo him b cht Vi : - Giy yu cu gii quyt quyn li bo him - Hp ng bo him gc - Giy chng t

Cng ty bo him xem xt cc giy trn v s thc hin mi quyn li cam kt trong hp ng. 3.5.3. Trng hp ngi tham gia bo him hoc ngi c bo him b thng tt ton b vnh vin. Vi : - Giy yu cu gii quyt quyn li bo him - Hp ng bo him gc - Bin bn tai nn c xc nhn ca cng an hoc c quan ca ngi tham gia bo him lm vic hoc chnh quyn a phng ni xy ra tai nn. - Giy xc nhn ca c quan y t c thm quyn v tnh trng thng tt ca ngi c bo him hoc ngi tham gia bo him. Cng ty bo him xem xt cc giy t trn v s thc hin mi quyn li cam kt trong hp ng. 3.5.4. Trng hp hu b hp ng c gi tr hon li Vi: - Giy ngh hu b hp ng - Hp ng bo him gc. Trng hp ngi tham gia bo him hoc ngi c bo him khng trung thc, hoc khng chp hnh ng cc iu quy nh trong hp ng, cng ty bo him c quyn t chi mt phn hoc ton b s tin bo him tu theo mc vi phm. Cng ty bo him c trch nhim gii quyt v tr tin bo him hoc thanh ton gi tr hon li, hoc s ph np trong vng 30 ngy k t ngy nhn c h s y

v hp l. Nu qu thi hn trn th khi thanh ton cng ty bo him phi tr thm li ca s tin ny theo li sut tin gi tit kim thi hn 3 thng do Ngn hng Nh nc quy nh trong hp ng.