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Introduction:
Murray loop test, Varley loop test and Pulse Echo test are simple basic method to localize cable fault testing. This method used basic equipment that obtained easily. These tests are performed for the location of either an earth fault or short circuit fault in underground cable. In these tests the resistance of fault does not affect the results obtained except when the resistance of fault is very high. There are two loop tests usually used and are known as Murray Loop and Varley Loop Test. These tests imply the principle of Wheatstone bridge.
Circuit Diagram:
Procedures:
End of the faulty cable (assume F is a location fault) was connected with a sound cable from F to b location test through D connector.
At location test, end of cable a connected to b through a galvanometer and S1 switch. Bridge is balanced by adjusting the resistances of ratio arms P and Q until the galvanometer indicates zero. Assume the sound and faulty cable have same cross-section and lenght, thereby r /m is same. In balanced condition of bridge: Q * (Cable Resistance aF) = P * (Cable Resistance bD + DF Q * (r Lx)) = P* [rL + r(L-Lx)] rQLx = rP (2L - Lx) rQLx + rPLx = r2PL rLx (Q + P) = r2PL Lx = 2PL / (Q + P) If L be known, so Lx can be calculated, that is distance of cable fault from test station.
Lab Task:
Find the distance of the cable where the fault is occurred. Data: P=100, Q=824 (variable resistor), L=1.2m
So, Lx is equal 0.25m that is distance of cable fault from test station.
Conclusion: