PLAXIS

3D Foundation

1
2

.......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
............................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1
............................................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.2
............................................................................................................. 2-1
2.3
..................................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.3.1
..................................................................................................... 2-3
2.3.2
.................................................................................................................. 2-3
2.3.3
.................................................................................................................. 2-4
2.3.4
............................................................................................................... 2-5
2.4
................................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.4.1
............................................................................................................................ 2-6
2.4.2
.............................................................................................................................. 2-7
3 ( 1) ......................................................................... 3-1
3.1
................................................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2
........................................................................................................................ 3-2
3.3
............................................................................................................................ 3-16
3.4
................................................................................................................ 3-21
4 ( 2) ................................................................................ 4-1
4.1
................................................................................................................................................. 4-1
4.2
................................................................................................................................. 4-6
4.3
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-9
4.4
....................................................................................................... 4-9
5 , ( 3) ............................................................. 5-1
5.1
................................................................................................................................................. 5-1
5.2
..................................................................................................................................................... 5-7
5.3
....................................................................................................... 5-8
6 ( 4)............................................................................................................ 6-1
6.1
............................................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.2
..................................................................................................................................................... 6-6
6.3
.......................................................................................................................................... 6-6
A ......................................................................................................................-1
.1 INPUT ( )...........................................................................................................-1
.2 OUTPUT ( ) ....................................................................................................-2
.4 CURVES () ................................................................................................................-4

PLAXIS 3D Foundation - , ,
, , .
,
- ,
.
,
.

.
,

. ,
Windows. , ,
PLAXIS
, .. .
, .
PLAXIS 3D
Foundation .

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.
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.

.

1-1

,
PLAXIS 3D Foundation. ,
.

(., <Enter>).
2.1

" "
.
2.2

.
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y-,
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2-1

, . PLAXIS
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6- , .

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15-
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, Plaxis 3D Foundation,
15 . . 2.1.
.
(ux, uy uz) .
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:

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( ). 15-
6 , . 2.1.

.
.

2-2

Plaxis 3D Foundation

3
1

9
6

10
15

14

3
11

13
5
. 2.1. 15-

2.3

PLAXIS .
, :

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )
, , ,
- .
2.3.1

.
.
.
.
.
.
, .

<Esc>.
2.3.2

, .
.
.
<Enter>
<Tab>.
. , . ,
. ,
, .
.
2-3

.
<Enter> .
,
<OK>. <OK>
. ,
.
<OK> .
<Esc> <Cancel>
,
.
. 2.2.
, ,
,
, -.

2.2.
2.3.3

,
, .

.2.3.

.2.4.

. 2.5.

.
.
2-4

Plaxis 3D Foundation

.

. .2.3.
. 2.3 (New project).
:

. .

.
.
. 2.4.
:

. .2.5.

.
,
, .
2.3.4

,
. Windows
.
Windows
.

. 2.6.

.2.6.

-.
, .
2-5

<Ctrl><Tab> .
:

.
, .
. 2.6 Stiffness (),
Strength () Alternatives ().
2.4

, , "
" .
. PLAXIS 3D Foundation
PLAXIS 3D Foundation input PLAXIS 3D Foundation.
,
.
, . <<more files>>
( ), ,
,
.
2.4.1

General settings (
), .2.7. .
.
. .
,
Comments ().

.
.
(earth gravity) .

. 2.7. Project () General settings ( )

2-6

Plaxis 3D Foundation

. 2.8. (Length),
(Force) (Time)
, .
, x , z . X min , X max
x- , Z min , Z max z-
. y General settings ( ) ,
.

. 2.8. Dimensions () General Settings ( )

, X min , X max , Z min

Z max , . , PLAXIS
, ,
.
2.4.2

<OK>,
, . 2.9.
.
.

2-7

Main
.

Menu

Tool
bars

Switch between
.

Model mode
and

Model
Calculation
mode
. Calculation

Tool bars

Origin
.
.

Draw area

Ruler

Manual input

Cursor
indicator
-position

. 2.9. Input ( )

Input ( ):

Input ( )
Input.
.
File ():

,
File ().
(Output, Curves) PLAXIS 3D
Foundation
Edit ():

,
Edit ().
View ():

,
, .
View ().
General ( ):

,
Model () Calculation (), .
Model ():

,
Geometry line ( ), Pile (), Beam (), Wall
(), Floor (), Line fixity ( ), Spring (),
2-8

Plaxis 3D Foundation

Borehole ( ) Load (),

.
Calculation ():

.
:

, ,
,
.
:

,
.
.
.
:

,
x z.
:

,
.
x- z- ,
.
:

,
, .

View ().
Go to Output
Program

New
Save
Pack
Copy
View
(Ctrl+N) (Ctrl+S) project (Ctrl+C) table

Go to Curves Program Open (Ctrl+O) Print Undo Zoom in

Select

M aterials

Active
workplane

Zoom out Workplanes

2-9


Geometry
line

Pile

Wall

Next phase

Beam

Floor

Phases

Distributed load
(horiz. planes)

Line fixity

Phase list

Distributed load
(vert. planes)

Spring

Borehole

Preview

Generate
2D mesh

Line load

Generate
3D mesh

Point load

Select points for curves

.2.10.

,
.
.
, . 2.10. ,
.
-
, .

2-10

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)
3

( 1)

PLAXIS 3D Foundation. ,
, .
.
,
,
. , ,
. ,
, .
3.1

,
.
,
. .

.
.
4- ,
(. . 3.1). .
.
6000 , . 3.2.

0.0
G.W. = -2.0 m

Clay

-28.0 m

Marl

.3.1.

3-1

38.0 m

6.0 m

18.0 m

10.0 m
6*6000 kN

. 3.2.

3.2

PLAXIS 3D Foundation.
Create/Open project (/ ),
. New Project ( )
<OK>. General settings ( ),
Project () Dimensions () (. .3.4.
.3.5).

. 3.3. Create/Open project (/ )

. General settings ( ).
,
. , ,
, :
Title () Project () Lesson 1 ( 1),
Comments () - Settlements of a raft foundation (
).
General ( )
, 1.0 G (-Y).
3-2

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)

Earth gravity ( ) .
9.8 /2.
water . ,
, .. 10 /3. <Next>
(<>) Dimensions ().

. 3.4. Project () General settings ( )

Units ( ) Dimensions ()
( (Length) (m), (Force) (kN), (Time) (day)).
Geometry Dimensions ( )
.

, .
50.0, 50.0, -30.0, 30.0 X min X max Z min Z max .
Grid () .
, .

. Spacing ().

, Number of intervals
( ). Spacing () 1.0, Interval
() - 1.
<OK>.
,
.

3-3

. 3.5 Dimensions () General settings ( )

: - -
, General settings ( ),
File ().

. x , z .
y .
(,
) , General settings (
). ,
.
( y) .

y, ,
. ,

. Work-planes ( ).
Work-planes,
Active Work-plane (
) Work-planes Geometry ().

y=0.00.
. :
Work planes ( ),
Work-planes. ,
, y=0.
,
y.
Add ().
y = 3.0 .

3-4

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)

( y = 3.0 ),
, y = 28.0 . <Enter>
.
<Insert> y
y = 2.0 . ,
. 3.6

. 3.6 Work-planes ( )

<OK> Work-planes ( )
.

,
Geometry (). Geometry line
( ) . ,
Geometry ().
.
.
Active work-planes ( )
y=0.00 .
, 0.00.

. 3.7. Active work-plane ( )

:
Wall () ( Geometry).
(-19.0, 9.0). ,
19.0. x 9.0
. ( 4).
(19.0, 9.0).
( 5). 4
5
3-5

. .
.
.
(19.0, -9.0)
.
(-19.0, -9.0)
.
, 4 (-19.0, 9.0)
. .. ,
,
7 4.
.

: ,
. ,
, .
. ,
.

Active work-planes ( )
y=-2.00 .
Geometry Floor ().
, .
() , ,
.

: ,
Selection ().
.
<Del> () .
>
Undo () Edit () Undo ()
<Ctrl><Z>.
>
<Shift>.

, ,
.
. .
,
. .. PLAXIS 3D Foundation
,

.
Geometry Geometry Line
( ).
, y=-2.00 .
(-19.0, -3.0) .
3-6

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)

(19.0, -3.0)
.

.
(-19.0,
3.0) (19.0, 3.0).

10 , .3.2.
:

Geometry Point load (

).

(-10.0, 3.0)
. ,
1 , y, .
.
(-10.0, -3.0), (0.0, 3.0), (0.0, -3.0), (10.0,
3.0) (10.0, -3.0).
, 1
y. ,
.

.3.8.

.
: .. (Boreholes).
,
.
, PLAXIS 3D Foundation

.
: , , , PLAXIS 3D
Foundation .
. . ,
3.3.11.

. :
Geometry Borehole ( ).
,
. (-40.0, 20.0).
3-7

(-40.0, -20.0)
Borehole ( ).
.
y=0.00 y= -28.0 .
.

Water level ( ) , y=-2.00.

.

.
.

.
PLAXIS ,
.
.
, , .
PLAXIS 3D Foundation
(Soils & Interfaces), (Beams), (Walls), (Floors) (Springs).
, ,
.
.
Properties
() , Properties Properties
Borehole ( ).

:
Borehole ( ) - .
, Select ()
(-40,-20).

. 3.9. Borehole ( )

3-8

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)
1

()

()

Model

Type

17.0
unsat

.
.
-

/3

sat

18.0

/3

Eref

3000

/2

cref

0.3
10.0

30.0

0.0

/2

Borehole ( ),
.
28 0 .

Material Sets ( ),
Material Sets.
<New> (<>), Material Sets
( ). :
General ( ), Parameters () Interfaces () (.
.3.10 .3.11).
Identification () Material Set (
) General ( ) Lacustrine
Clay ( ).
Material model ( )
- (Mohr-Coulomb) ,
Material type ( ) Drained () (,
).
General properties ( )
, 1.
<Next> (<>) Parameters ()
. ,
Parameters (), (
-). -
(E, , c, , ).

.

1
Parameters ().

3-9

. 3.10. General ( )

. 3.11. Parameters ()

Interfaces () .
Interfaces <Next> (<>)
. Strength () Interfaces
Rigid (). <OK>
.
Material Sets (
).
Lacustrine Clay Material Sets (
) Borehole ( )
( ). ,
, .
.
<OK> Material Sets ( )
.
<OK> Borehole ( )
.

3-10

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)

: PLAXIS .
.

. <Global> (<
>) Material Sets ( ),
( Lesson 1 Lacustrine Clay)
. .
, , ,
.
> General
Material sets ( ).
>
.

.
:
Active work-plane ( ) y = 0.00.
Material sets ( )
. Set type ( )
Material set ( ) Walls ().
<New> (<>). Identification ()
Material set ( ) Basement Wall
( ).
Properties () Wall () Linear
() 2. ..
,
E, G .
Isotropic ( ).
E1 12.
G12.
<OK> .
Basement Wall (
). Material sets ( )
, .
, , .
- , -
-, ,
.
: ,
, .
(. . 3.13),
. Change ()
.

3-11

2 (wall)

Type

/3
/2
/2
-

E
G

0.3
24
1 107
4.167 106
0.2

. .

. 3.12. (Walls)

.3.13.

, .
Material sets ( ) :

Active work-plane ( ) y = -2.00.

Set type ( ) Material sets (
) Floors (). <New>
(<>). Identification () Material set
( ) Basement Floor ( ).

3-12

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)

3 <OK>
.
Basement Floor ,
. - ,
- -.
Material sets ( ) <OK>.

3 (floor)
. .

Type

d
0.5

24
/3

7

E
1 10
/2
G
4 106
/2

0.2

. PLAXIS 3D Foundation
.

, .
,
, .
,
, .
,
, ,
. ,
(, ,
..) (, )
( ).

3-13

. 3.14.

:
Generate 2D mesh ( 2 )
Generate 2D mesh Mesh ().
Output ( )
(..3.14).
, , .
<Update> (<>) Input ( ).

. ,
. 3 , (
,
<Shift>). , .
3.15. Mesh () Refine cluster ( ).
.
<Update> (<>) Input ( ).

. 3.15.

3-14

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)

.
. .
: Global coarseness ( )
Coarse (), .
Global coarseness ( ) Mesh ().
, .
>
.
.

. , 3D mesh generation
( 3 ) Mesh ().
,

.
.

. , , 15-
.

, y
, .
, ,
.
. , 3.3.11 "
".
:

Generate 3D Mesh ( 3
) Generate 3D mesh Mesh ().
Output (
). y
2 28
.
.
,
(. . 3.16).
<Update> (<>) Input (
).

3-15

. 3.16. Output ( )
:
() ,
(. . 3.16).

3.3

- .
.
.
.
, ,


(Calculation) Input ( ). <Calculation>
(<>) Geometry ()
Calculation (). (. . 3.17)
,
Output ( ),
. Input ,
.

. 3.17. Calculations ()

3-16

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)

Phases () Phases (. . 3.18).

. ,
.
PLAXIS 3D Foundation, PLAXIS,
,
( ),
.
. PLAXIS

, ,
.
,
.
.

. 3.18. Phases () General ( )

.
,
.
Borehole ( ).
.
Calculation () .
. <Yes> (<>)
(Lesson 1.PF3).
<Calculation> (<>) Input
Calculation.
Initial phase
(' '), Phase list ( ).
, ,
, ,
.
3-17

.
.

. ,
. :
Next phase ( ).
Phases (),
<Phase 1> ( 1).
.
ID () General ( ) (
) (, Excavation (
)) , (
, .. (Initial phase),
).
Parameters () , .
Parameters (. 3.19) .
Iterative procedure ( ) ,
, Additional steps ( )
250. , Reset displacements to
zero ( ), () ,
.

. 3.19. Parameters () Phases ()

. <OK>
Phases ().

Input.
.
:

1 Excavation.

3-18

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)

Active work-plane ( )
y = 0.00.
, .
.
, .
, .
, Soil below ( ).
.
, .. y=2.00.
<OK> .
, , .
, 3 ,
.
y = -2.00.
.
Floor (). Floor
. <OK> .
- () , ,
.
, 3
.

. 3.20. Select items ( )

.
:

Next phase ( ) .
Phases (),
<Phase 2> ( 2). Loading ()
, 1 Excavation.
, Reset displacements to zero ( )
Parameters () .
, .
, 2 Loading ().
, y = -2.00.
,
(-10.0, -3.0). Point load
( ),
3-19

. y = -6000 ( 6000 ,
y) <OK>. ,
, . ,
, .
,
y = -6000 .

, ,
Preview (
).
.
, .
,
. , Loads
() Geometry ().

Preview (
). <Close>
(<>) . - ,
<Close> (<>) .

.3.21.
.

Calculate ().
. , (
), ,
Start from phase ( ).

(. .3.22). ,
, , ,
3-20

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)

.
. ,
. , (Phase list),
"" ,
.

. 3.22.
: , <Next>
(<>), <Insert> (<>) <Delete> (<>), Phase list ( ).
> ( ) .
"" (),
(). , , .

3.4

Output ( ).
,
. .
:

Phase list ( ) .
Output ( ) Output.
Output
. ,
.
Deformations () Total displacements (
).
.

Arrows (). Shadings
().
.
3-21

. ,
.
, Geometry () Structures ().

. 3.23.
:
. , X
, Y , Z .
Y, -
.

Contour lines
( ).
. , ,
.

, .
Output ( ).
, , Y .
3D
.
(y = -2.00), .

, .

3-22

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 1)

: , Deformations ()
(Incremental displacements) (Phase displacements).
, (
).
. , (
).

.

.
.
, ,
Forces () Bending moments M11 (
11). , .
Geometry () Structures ().

. 3.24.

Table
(). ,
.

3-23

 ( 2)
4

( 2)

.
() 6
35-50 , , .
.
40 10
. ,
, . 4.1.
.

800 kN

0.0 m

1.2 m
10.0 m

Pile

Clayey sand
(Brown)
Siltysand

GW 10.6

Clayey sand

6.3 m
8.3 m
11.0 m

Deep Sand

20.6 m
. 4.1.

,
.
,
.
4.1

1.20 .
60 . .
,
.
10 10 .
:

Input ( ) Create/Open
project (/ ) New project ( ).

M. das Neves et al. (2001) tude du comportement de pieux fors. Bulletin des Laboratoires de Ponts et Chausses (231), pp. 39-54 & 55-67

4-1

Project () General settings ( )

.
Dimensions () Length
() = m (), Force () = kN (), Time ( = day ())
X min = 10 , X max = 10 , Z min = 10 , Z max = 10 .

Spacing () Grid () , 1 ,
Number of intervals ( ) 2.
<OK>, .

Work planes ( ). 4 .
y = 10.0, 19.4, 20.0 20.6 .
. ,
<Enter>
.
<OK> , Work planes (
) .

, y=20.6 . Pile
() (. . 4.2.).
(Type of pile) Massive Circular pile ( ).
Diameter () , 0.4 .

, (Arc)
(Line). User-defined pile ( )
. , Section
(), .
.
Angle () ,
, .. 60.
Outside interface ( ) ,
.
<OK> .
, ,
. .
(0,0) .

.
y=20.0
(0,0)
, . ,
y=19.4.

.

4-2

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 2)

. 4.2.
: , .
.
.

, ,
.
.
.
Zoom in ( ).
(-2.0, -2.0) .
(2.0, 2.0) .
.
Geometry line ( ).
(-1.0, -1.0) (-1.0, 1.0)
(1.0, 1.0) (1.0, -1.0) (-1.0, -1.0) .

.

. .. ,
:
Active work plane
y = 20.0 .
(0, 0) (-1.0, 0.0).
Point load ( )
. (0, 0)
.

4-3

.
Borehole ( )
(-5.0, 0.0).
. 4
. (y = 0 )
Insert () 4- .
Y [] y .
, 20.6 .
, : 14.30 , 12.30 , 9.6
0.0 . . 4.3.

. 4.3. Borehole ( )

4-4

Water level ( ) , y = 9.6.

, 4. Choose colour
( ) ,
.
,
. , ,
, .

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 2)

. 4.4.
4.

Model

()

18.8

19.8

17.6

24

unsat

()

16.7

sat

16.7

18.8

19.8

20.0

/
3

9150
0.3

13000
0.3

13500
0.3

19000
0.3

29.2 106
0.3

Rinter

13
26
0
1

12
23
0
1

14
23
0
1

17
23
0
1

Type

/
3

,
.
.

4-5

.
.
:
Generate 2D mesh ( 2 ), Output (
) . <Update> ()
Input.
Input, ,
. Mesh () Refine cluster ( ).
Output ( ) .
Input ( )
.

.
Generate 3D mesh ( 3 ).
Output ( ),
. <Update> ()
.
4.2

, ,
. , ,
.
:

4-6

Next phase ( ) .
Phase list ( ). ,
Reset displacements to zero ( ) Parameters
(). ,
.
(Default)
(Iterative procedure).
<OK> .
, Phase list ( ) 1 (Phase 1).
Active work-plane ( )
y =20.0 .
, .
.
Zoom in ( ) .
Select items ( )
Soil above ( ) Soil below ( ).
Soil above ( ),
, .
Soil below ( ), Change
() .
Material sets ( )
<OK>.
Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 2)
: Soil above ( ) Soil below ( ),
<Change> (<>), Soil above Soil below.
Material sets ( ).

<OK> Select items ( ).

, .
Soil above ( ) Soil below ( ),
.
<OK> Input ( ).

: Preview (
). .
, ,
.

,
y= 20.0
y=19.4 .
:
y = 19.4 .
Soil below ( ).
Change () .
Material sets ( ) Select items
( ) Input ( ).

. :

Next phase ( ) .
, Reset displacements to zero (
) Parameters () .
Iterative procedure ( ) Default (
), Tolerated error ( )
0.0005, .. ,
. .

4-7

. 4.5. (Iterative procedure)

y = 20.0.
.
, .
-800 , y.
<OK> Input
( ).

.

.
Select points for curves ( )
Output ( ). ,
. (0, 0)
y = 20.0 .
.
Output ( ) Input (
).

4-8

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 2)

. 4.6.

4.3

Calculate () .

.
, (Initial phase).
4.4

<Output> (< >),
Calculate ()
.
Output.
Output ( ), ,
.

. , ,
, y=10.0.

4-9

. 4.7. , y= 10.0

, ,
Cross section ( ).
. ,
. .
,
.
, . ,
Deformations () Vertical
displacements ( ).

4-10

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 2)

. 4.8.

Curves ()
. :
Curves (),
.
<OK> .
<Open> (<>).
X-Axis ( X) Curve generation ( )
Multiplier (), Type () Sum-Mstage.
Y-axis ( Y) Displacement ()
Type () uy. ,
Point () ,
. (0.00 / 20.00 / 0.00).
<OK> .
Mstage. -Mstage , ,
. 0 1
. -Mstage
,
800 .
:
""
Format (). Curve ().
Curve () Format ().
Phases () Curves settings
( ) Select phases ( ).
4-11

Select phases Initial Phase ( )

<Phase1> ( 1). <OK>
<OK> .

,
. -Mstage=1 800
.

. 4.9.

4-12

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 , ( 3)
5

, ( 3)

. ,
( )
,
.
, .
.
. .
. 5.1.
,
. , ,

.
, .
, ,
. ,
, .
y
0.0
-0.5
-2.25

0.0

0.25

-2.0

-2.0

-2.5

-2.5

x
-1.5

-6.0
2.0

-12.0
14.4

14.4

10.0

. 5.1. , ( )

5.1

()
6 2 . 1.5
. ,
. - 50 .
40 40 .

, .
: ,
. 1.5 - 2 .
0 - 0.5 , ,
, .
10 .
12 .
5-1

.

,
.
,
.

:
Input ( ) New project (
) Create/Open project (/ ).
- X min = 0 ,
X max = 40 , Z min = 0 , Z max = 40 .
.
<OK>. .

.
:

5-2

Work Planes ( )
(Add) .
y -6.0 .
Work Plane ( ).
y = 0.00 .
Pile ()
Piles ().
Circular tube ( )
.
0.0, ..
. 2 .
, Shell (), Outside interface
( ) Inside interface ( ) .
1 (Section 1) Angle 45.
2 (Section 2) 45. 3 (Section 3).
, 1 2
Angle 60 90.
3 45.
, .
45, ,
. <OK> .
y = 0.0 . (20.0, 20.0)
.

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 , ( 3)

, 1.5 ,
.
:
Work Plane ( )
(y = -6.0 ).
<Insert> (<>) .
y = -3.0 .
y = -1.5 .
Work Plane ( ).
: y = -1.5 , ..
, ,
. y =-1.5 ,
1.5 6 ,
1.5 6.0 .
y = -1.5 .

Point load ( )
(19.0, 20.0), .

.
:
Borehole ( )
(30.0, 10.0).
Borehole. y, , 2.0
2.5 . y = -12 .
6.

Material () Set type ( )

Soil & interfaces ( ). <New> (<>)
.
Identification () Sand ()
Material model ( ) - (MohrCoulomb). , 5. <OK>
.
<New> (<>)
Clay (). 5
<OK> .
Sand ()
. Clay ()
.
.
<OK>
.
Water Level ( ) , 50.0
<OK> .
Borehole ( ) ,
, (10.0, 30.0)
(40.0, 10.0).

5-3


5. .

()

()

Model

.
.

16

unsat

17

sat

20

18

Type

/
3
3

Eref

1.5 10

9 10

0.3

0.35

cref

1.0

32.0
2.0
0.7

22.0
0.0
0.9

Rinter

6. Y-

1
2
3
4

(30.0, 10.0)
(10.0, 30.0)
(40.0, 10.0)
0
-0.5
0.25
-2.0
-2.25
-2.0
-2.5
-2.25
-2.5
-12
-12
-12

(10.0, 30.0) (40.0, 10.0) :
Select ()
(10.0, 30.0). ,
, : .
<OK>.
y = -0.5 .
(30.0, 10.0)
(10.0, 30.0).
2 y = -2.25 , 3 -
y = -2.25 .
0.
<OK> .
(40.0, 10.0).
.
y = 0.25
.
.
5-4

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 , ( 3)

( ).
() .
Rinter,
Interfaces () .
, Rinter , 1.0
( ). Rinter
:
cinter = Rinter csoil
taninter = Rinter tansoil
Rinter = 1.0 (), cinter = csoil inter = soil.

, .
Rinter. , Rinter < 1.0
, .

:
Material sets ( ) Walls ()
Material type ( )
<New> (<>)
.
Suction pile ( )
, 7.
y = 0.0, Suction pile
, , .
,
.
y = -1.5 Suction pile
, .
7.

. .

0.15

78.5

/3

Ei

2.1 108

/2

Gij

9.545 107

/2

ij

0.1

,
, ,
.
:
Geometry line ( ).
(15.0, 15.0), (25.0, 15.0), (25.0, 25. 0) (15.0,
25.0). , .
5-5

.
:
.
Mesh () Refine cluster ( )
<Update> (<>) .
.
Generate 3D Mesh
.
<Update> (<>)
.
Calculate () .
.
: ,
y = 0. (30.0, 0.0)
(30.0, 40.0) .
, .

. 5.2.

5-6

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 , ( 3)

5.2

. ,
.

.
:
Phases () Parameters ().
, Ignore undrained behaviour (
).
:
<Next> (<>) .
Parameters ()
Ignore undrained behaviour ( ).
, ,
<OK> .
y = 0.0
. , , .
y = -1.5
. .
. Parameters ()
Reset displacements to zero (
).
y = -1.5
(19.0, 20.0). .
Point load ( ).
Point load X , 1000,
Y - 0. , 1000
x-.
<OK> .
. , (19.0,
20.0) .
,
, :
. Start from phase ( )
General ( ) Phase 1 ( 1). Parameters
() Reset displacements to zero
( ). <OK> .
(19.0,
20.0). (point load) 866 ,
x 500 , y.
1000 , 30 .
. Start from phase (
) Phase 1 ( 1) Reset displacements to
zero ( ).
X ,
500, Y , 866, 1000 ,
60 .
5-7

.
.
Select points for curves (
).
, .
y = -1.5 (19.0, 20.0).
, <Update>
(<>) .
. :
<Calculate> (<>).
5.3

.
:
<Output> (<
>) Output.

. 5.3. 3 .

Open File ( ).
. .
. Phase 4
( 4) <Open> (<>) .
5 (Phase 5).

Output ( )
. :

5-8

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 , ( 3)

Window Tile vertically ( ). ,

,
.

. 5.4. Output ( ) ,
.

5-9

 ( 4)
6

( 4)

. -
,
(2002) .
. 12 14
7.5 .
.
,
, .
,
.

8.0 m

7.0 m

1.0 m
40.0 m

Struts

12.0 m

4.0 m

6.0 m

4.0 m

50.0 m

. 6.1.

6.1

50 40
, . 6.1. 12 14
.
.
y= -19.0 .
y=0.5 .
y=0.5 ,
.

D.A. Kort . Steel Sheet Pile Walls in Soft Soil. Ph.D. Thesis Delft University of Technology, DUP Science, 2002

6-1

y=-0.5 , y=-5.0 y=-7.0 . ,

y =0.5 y =-19.0 .
y=0.5
Beam (), . (22.0, 14.0)
. (22.0, 26.0)
. .
(28.0, 14.0) (28.0, 26.0).
.
y=-0.5
(21.0, 6.0), (21.0, 13.0), (29.0, 13.0) (29.0, 6.0).
(
) .

.. ,
.
4 . 8.
y=-2 .
8
.
Hydrostatic ( )
5 WPress+ WPress -160 -160 .
, 6 310
.
Borehole ( )
.

-0.5 m
-1.5 m

Strut

0.5 m

Sheet pile walls

Sand
Clay

-5.0 m
-7.0 m
Peat
-10.5 m
Deep Clay
-17.0 m
-19.0 m

Deep Sand
-32.0 m

. 6.2.

6-2

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 4)
8.

.
.

-0.5

-1.5

-5.0

-10.5

-17.0

Model

Type

unsat

16

17

15

17

/3

sat

20

18

10.5

16

20

/3

Eref

1.6 104

1 103

1.5 103

3 103

2.8 104

/2

0.3

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.3

cref

10

10

10

0.1

32

30

25

30

34

Rinter

. ,

y=0.5 y=-19.0 .

.
E1 = 12 Esteel I1 / d3, , ,
.
.
, 5.

6-3


9.

. .

Model

0.14

7.85

/3

E1

1.8 108

/2

E2

1.8 107

/2

E3

2.1 108

/2

G1

2 107

/2

G2

1 107

/2

G3

3 107

/2

ii

10.

Model

0.027

78.5

/3

2.1 108

/2

I2

1.37 10-3

I3

1.31 10-4

I23

0.1

6-4

. .

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 4)

. 6.3.

. :
Mesh () Refine global ( ).
Output
. <Update> (<>)
.
<Shift> .
Mesh () Refine cluster ( ).
Output ( ) .
.
<Update> (<>)
.

6-5

. 6.4.

6.2

4 . .

.
.
. ,
y=0.5
y=-19.0 . .

y=-0.5 y=-7.0. .

y=-0.5. , -100 y.
.
6.3

,
, , Output ( )
.
() <Output> (<
>) Output.
.
(Shadings), .

6-6

Plaxis 3D Foundation

 ( 4)

. 6.5.

6-7

Table
Rulers
Axes
Cross Hair
Grid
Snap To Grid
Point numbers
Chain numbers

Save
Save as
Print
Work Directory
General Settings
Pack Project
(Recent projects)

Zoom Out

Open

Copy

Go To Curves Program

Zoom In

Reset View

Undo

Go To Output Program

View

New

Edit

File

INPUT MENU

Work planes

Borehole

Spring

Line Fixity

Plate

Wall

Beam

Pile

Geometry Line

Geometry

Point Load

Line Load

Distr. Load Vert. Plane

Distr. Load Horz. Plane

Loads

Springs

Floors

Walls

Beams

Soils and Interfaces

Materials

Generate 3D Mesh

Generate 2D Mesh

Reset All

Refine Point

Refine Line

Refine Cluster

Refine Global

Global Settings

Mesh

About

License Update

Help Topics

Help

.1 INPUT ( )

-1

-2
Elements
Nodes
Element numbers
Node numbers
Material set numbers

Legend
Grid
Axis
Shadow

Incremental Cartesian strains

General Info...

Calculation info...

Material info

Load info...

Incremental strains

Cartesian strains

Total strains

Horizontal increments (z)

Horizontal increments (x)

Total increments

Phase displacements

Vertical displacements

Horizontal displacements (z)

Horizontal displacements (x)

Total displacements

Deformed mesh

Deformations

Partial geometry Cluster numbers

Connectivity plot

Fixities

Loads

Title

Cross section

Phreatic level

Exit

Scan line

Print...

Reset view

Materials

Rulers

Interval...

Close all

Zoom out

Structures

(Recent projects)

Scale...

Close

Zoom in

Geometry

Table

Copy

Open...

View

Work directory

Edit

File

OUTPUT MENU

Tile horizontally

Cascade

Window

Groundwater head

Excess pore pressures

Active pore pressures

Cartesian total stresses

(Active windows)

Cartesian effective stresses Tile vertically

Total stresses

Effective stresses

Stresses

About...

Help Topics

Help

.2 OUTPUT ( )

Plaxis 3D Foundation

Cross sections:

Horizontal increments (x)

Horizontal increments (z)
Vertical increments

Normal strain increments

Shear strain increments
Shear strain (z) increments
Cartesian strain increments

Groundwater head

Shear strain (z)

Excess pore pressures

Excess pore pressure

Shear strain

Total increments

Active pore pressure

Normal strain

Stresses

Phase displacements

Deviatoric stresses (q)

Vertical increments

Interfaces: Deformations

Cartesian strains

Total mean stresses (p)

Horizontal increments (z)

Vertical increments

Torsion moments M12

Active pore pressures

Effective mean stresses (p)

Horizontal increments (x)

Horizontal increments (z)

Bending moments M22

Vertical displacements

Cartesian total stresses

Total increments

Horizontal increments (x)

Bending moments M11

Shear stresses (z)

Cartesian effective stresses

Phase displacements

Total increments

Shear Q13

Phase displacements

Horizontal displacements (z)

Shear stresses (z)

Vertical displacements

Shear Q23

Vertical displacements

Shear stresses

Shear stresses

Horizontal displacements (z)

Shear Q12

Horizontal displacements (z)

Horizontal displacements (x)

Total normal stresses

Horizontal displacements (x)

Axial N22

Horizontal displacements (x)

Effective normal stresses

Effective normal stresses

Total displacements

Axial N11

Forces

Total displacements

Floors and Walls: Deformations

Total displacements

Stresses

Deformations

OUTPUT MENU (2)

-3

-4
Edit

New
Copy
Open
Save
Add curve
Delete chart
Close
Close all
Work directory
Print
Print Setup
(Recent projects)
Exit

File

CURVES MENU

Zoom in
Recet view
Table
Legend

View

Value indication

Curves
Chart

Format
Cascade
Tile horizontally
Tile vertically
(Active windows)

Window
Help topics
About

Help

.3 CURVES ()

Plaxis 3D Foundation