Компьютерная типография Latex

TEX
. . *
LATEX
cba
2008, 2012
* e-mail:
E.M.Baldin@inp.nsk.su
LATEX - 2008 ISBN 978-5-9775-0230-6.

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-SA 3.0).
,
.
LATEX.
, 1300
LATEX 750 , , . , , , , .
, LATEX .
LATEX .
LATEX. , ,

.

The book Computer Typesetting Using LATEX was published by the BHVPetersburg (Russia) publishing house in 2008 under ISBN 978-5-9775-0230-6. Under
the contract with the publishing house, I have now regained exclusive rights to the
content and decided to publish it under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA 3.0). Please contact me if you require a different
type of copyright license for your purposes.
This book is a guide to using the LATEX document preparation system. It describes
the complete fundamentals of the typesetting and layout processes and covers at least
1300 LATEX commands and about 750 packages, styles, and classes that can be used
in the typesetting of any documents. It also deals with creating presentations, table
layouts, inserting graphics, bibliography and index, and many other tasks. Specific
examples demonstrate that publishing systems using LATEX can handle projects of
any scope and complexity. A major part of the book is devoted to the typesetting of
mathematical text, which is the key differentiator of LATEX compared to other word
processors.
The book was written completely and exclusively by means of LATEX tools. As the
author of both the content and the typesetting, I will greatly appreciate any comments
and useful advice on improving the quality of the electronic version of the book.

1. LATEX,
11
2. LATEX
19
3.
27
4.
43
5.
55
6.
67
7.
77
8. LATEX
95
9.
105
10.
119
11.
147
12. -
161
13.
181
14.
203
15.
217
16.
231
17. TEX Live
243

1. LATEX,
1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.1. . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.2. . . . . . . . . .
1.1.3. TEX . . . . . . . . .
1.1.4. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1.
1.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.2. . . . . . . . . .
1.4.3. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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11
11
11
12
13
13
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
2. LATEX
2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2. LATEX- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
21
22
3.
3.1. . . . . . .
3.2. . . . . . . .
3.2.1. LATEX-
3.2.2. . . . .
3.2.3. . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.4. . . . . .
3.3. . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1. . . . . .
3.3.2. . . . . . . .
3.4. . . . . . .
3.4.1. . . . .
3.4.2. . . . .
3.4.3. .
27
27
29
29
31
32
33
33
33
35
38
38
39
40
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4.
4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2. . . . . . . . . . .
4.3. . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.1.
4.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.3. . . . . .
4.3.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.6. . . . . . . .
4.3.7. . . . . . .
4.3.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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43
44
45
46
47
47
48
49
50
50
50
52
52
53
5.
5.1. Encapsulated PostScript . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2. EPS . . . . . . . . . .
5.3. graphicx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.1. . . . . . .
5.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4.1.
5.4.2. float . .
5.4.3. . . . . . . . . .
5.4.4. . . . . . . . . . .
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55
55
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
6.
6.1.
6.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.1. . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.2. calc . . . . . . .
6.3.3.
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67
67
69
71
73
73
74
7.
7.1. . . . . . . . .
7.1.1. .
7.1.2. . . . . . . .
7.2. . . . . . . . . . .
7.2.1. . . . .
7.2.2. . . . .
7.2.3. . . . . . . . . .
7.3. . . . . .
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77
77
79
80
81
81
84
84
86
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7.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.2. . .
7.3.3.
7.3.4. . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.5. . . . . . . . .
7.3.6. . . .
7.3.7. . .
7.4. . . . . . .
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86
87
87
88
88
89
89
89
8. LATEX
8.1. ? . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3.1. . . . . .
8.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3.3. . . . . . . . . . .
8.3.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3.7.
8.3.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3.9. . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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95
95
96
97
97
98
99
100
100
101
102
102
103
104
9.
9.1. slides . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.2. PDF . . . . . .
9.2.1.
9.2.2. . .
9.2.3. .
9.3. beamer . . . . . . . . . . .
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105
106
106
107
108
108
109
10.
10.1.
10.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2.1. . . . . . .
10.2.2. . . . . .
10.2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3. . . . . . . . . .
10.4. . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.4.1. . . . . . . . .
10.4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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119
119
121
123
123
124
124
125
125
127
128
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10.4.4. . . . . . . . . . .
10.5. . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.6. , .
10.6.1. . . . . .
10.6.2.
10.6.3.
10.6.4. . . . .
10.6.5. WWW- . . . . .
10.7. .
10.7.1. FiXme
10.7.2. lineno
10.7.3. . . . . . .
10.7.4. . . .
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129
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135
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143

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tabbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tabular array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3.1. . . . . . . . . . .
11.3.2.
11.3.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3.4. . . . . . . . . . .
11.3.5. . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3.6. tabular . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.4. . . . . . . . . . . .
11.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.6. ? . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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11.
11.1.
11.2.
11.3.
12. -
12.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4. BibTEX . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.5. . . . . . . . . . .
12.6. xindy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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161
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13.
13.1.
13.1.1. . .
13.1.2. .
13.1.3.
13.1.4. . . . . . .
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13.1.5. . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.1.6. .
13.1.7. . . . . . . .
13.1.8. . . . . . . .
13.1.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.1.10. . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.1.11.
13.2. . . . . . . .
13.3. , . . . .
13.4. . . . . . . . . . .
13.5. . . . . . . . .
13.6. . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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14.
14.1. . . . . . . . .
14.2. LCD- . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.4. . . . . .
14.5. . . . . . . . . . .
14.6. LATEX
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15.
15.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15.1.1. . . . . .
15.1.2.
15.1.3. . . .
15.1.4. . .
15.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15.2.1. . .
15.2.2. . .
15.2.3. .
15.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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217
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16.
231
16.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
16.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
16.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
17. TEX Live
17.1. . . . . . . . . . .
17.1.1.
17.1.2. . . . . . .
17.1.3. . . . . . . .
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243
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17.1.4. . . . . . . . . . .
17.1.5. . . . . . . .
17.1.6. . . .
17.1.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.1.8. . . . .
17.1.9. . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.1.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.1.11. . . . . . . . . . .
17.1.12. . . . . . . .
17.1.13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.1.14. . . . . .
17.1.15. . . . . . . . . .
17.1.16. WWW- . . . . . . . . . .
17.1.17. PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.1.18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.1.19. . .
17.1.20. . . . . . . .
17.1.21. . . . . . . . . . . .
17.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.2.2. . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.2.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.2.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.3. . . . . . . . . . . .
17.4. . . . . . . . .
17.4.1. , . . . . .
17.4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.5. . . . . . . . . .
17.5.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.5.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.5.3. , . .
17.5.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.5.5. . . . . . . . .
17.6. . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.6.1. . .
17.6.2. . . . .
17.6.3. .
17.6.4.
17.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.7.1. . . . . .
17.7.2. . . . . . . . . .
9
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10
17.7.3. LaTeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.8.1. . . . . . . . . .
17.8.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.8.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.8.4. tabular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.8.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.8.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.8.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.9.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.9.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.9.3.
17.9.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.10. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.10.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.10.2. . . . . . . . . . . .
17.10.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.10.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.10.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.10.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.10.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.10.8. . . . . . .
17.10.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.11. - . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.11.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.11.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.11.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.11.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.12. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.12.1. . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.12.2. LATEX . . . . . . . . .
17.12.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.12.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.12.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.12.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.12.7. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TEX Live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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LATEX,
- ,

;
, .
.
.
, . // . LATEX
, , ,
.
1.1.
, , . , .
, - , -
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1.1.1.
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12
1. LATEX,
1.1.2.
, .
, , , .
, ,
, .

(Donald Ervin Knuth) , . , ,

1 . 1975
,
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.
, .
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, METAFONT ( ) TEX (
) ( 2.7 METAFONT 3.1 TEX).
. METAFONT TEX .
METAFONT 2.71828, TEX 3.141592. , , ,
.
TEX . ,
, . TEX TeX: The Program (ISBN: 0201134373). TEX
,
GPL.
1 http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/ .
1.1.
13
. , .
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1.1.3. TEX
TEX . TEX
(box) (glue). , -, -,
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14
1. LATEX,
1.2. LATEX
LATEX . LATEX ,
, ,
.
LATEX ,
CTAN The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network.
http://www.ctan.org.
CTAN . CTAN ,
TEX , . , CTAN:
ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/
ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/
ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/
CTAN , , :
ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/TeX/CTAN/
ftp://ftp.nsu.ru/mirrors/ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/
CTAN , -
TEX-. ,
perl-, CPAN (The Comprehensive
Perl Archive Network). R2 -,
CRAN (The Comprehensive R Archive Network), Python- PyPI (Python Package Index), - Ruby-
RubyGems Java- CJAN JSAN.
TEX-, TEX User Groups (http://www.tug.org/), TEX Live (http://www.tug.org/texlive/).
TEX Live , CD. GNU/Linux teTeX. TEX Live 1996 . 2003 TEX Live CD
DVD. - . . ,
.
TEX Live . , (http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) Debian
2 R
1.3.
15
(http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines).
, , FSF.
, ,
TEX Live 2007. , .
MS Windows MiKTEX (http://www.miktex.org/), Mac OS X
MacTEX (http://www.tug.org/mactex/).
Unix- TEX Live, .
1.3.
LATEX
Linux Format (http://www.linuxformat.ru). http://www.inp.nsk.su/~baldin/LaTeX/.
1.3.1.
, ,
, : babel.
, ,
, : lshort.pdf. - CTAN,
{CTAN}.
, , :
\ b e g i n { e q u a t i o n }
\ l a b e l { eq : preamble : ex 1}
\ i n t \ l i m i t s _{\ i n f t y }^{\ i n f t y }
e^{x ^2/2\ sigma ^2}dx=\ s q r t {2\ p i }\ sigma
\ end { e q u a t i o n }
, . .
, ,
, , :
\begin{equation*}
\label{eq:preamble:ex1}
\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}
e^{-x^2/2\sigma^2}dx=\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma
\end{equation*}
/2 2
16
1. LATEX,
1.3.2.
,
LATEX. , , , , .
, , ,
( ) TEX Live 243. ,
, X.
, , :
,
.
,
TEX Live.

LATEX, , . .

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1.4.
LATEX .
. , TEX,
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.
LATEX . ,
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LATEX , .
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, . -, LATEX . CTAN (http://www.ctan.org) TUG (http://www.tug.org).
1.4.
17
1.4.1.
. . TEX [1] TEX.
LATEX , , . TEX ,
, . LATEX. .
.
. . METAFONT [2] , TEX, METAFONT. MetaPost, .
. . [3] . . , TEX METAFONT.
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,
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1.4.2.
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LATEX 2 [5] LATEX. LATEX . .
, .
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MetaPost PostScript. , TEX
.
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LATEX. , , . , PDF
. XML .
LATEX 2 . LATEX 2 94 1999 .
: http://xtalk.msk.su/tex/.
18
1. LATEX,
. . : .
.
1.4.3. LATEX
. . LATEX 3- [8]
. . . , ,
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: http://www.mccme.ru/free-books/.
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1.5.
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: https://info.vsu.ru/Lists/CyrTeX-ru/.
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\ u s e p a c k a g e [ T2A] { f o n t e n c }
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1 , emacs
,.
20
2. LATEX
%
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%
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tex-. :
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LaTeX2e <2003/12/01>
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2 xdvi Unix- .
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2.1.
21
PDF5 , , xpdf , kpdf

Adobe Reader:
> dvips helloworld . dvi
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> kpdf h e l l o w o r l d . pdf
:
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22
2. LATEX
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The c o n t r o l s e q u e n c e a t t h e end o f t h e top l i n e o f
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2.2. LATEX-
23
.eps
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.ind
.aux
.idx
.toc
.lof
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.tex
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(.cls, .sty)
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24
2. LATEX
%%DocumentFonts : SFRM1728
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fmt . , , LATEX
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TEX :
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cls, sty . (cls) \documentclass.
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latex.
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log . , .
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aux .
toc (table of contents).
lof (list of figures).
lot (list of tables).
bbl , BibTEX.
TEX, .
2.2. LATEX-
25
ind , MakeIndex
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28
3.
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3.2.
29
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3.2.
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3.2.1. LATEX-
tex- : , ,
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30
3.
\documentclass
. \usepackage
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inputenc , , koi8-r3 , cp8664 ,
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TEX Live , .
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3 koi8-r 8- UNIX- . RFC 1489.
4 cp866 8- , DOS OS/2.
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Microsoft Windows.
6 UTF-8 (Unicode Transformation Format) ,

.
7 Languages.
General Update Now .
8 texconfig dialog- . .
texconfig .
, , :
texconfig init.
9 $EDITOR.
, vi. vi, :q
vi.
3.2.
31
e n g l i s h hyphen . t e x
r u s s i a n ruhyphen . t e x
. babel. , ,
. , -
:
r u s e n g ruenhyph . t e x
=r u s s i a n
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3.2.2.
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32
3.
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3.3.
33
:
> locate t 2 f i l t e r . c
{TEXMF}/ texmfd i s t / doc / g e n e r i c / t 2 / e t c / t 2 f i l t e r . c
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34
3.
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:

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\tiny
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35

3.1.
. enumerate, itemize. .
:
\begin{enumerate}
\item :
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\item , \item , \item .
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36
3.
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37
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38
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39
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40
3.

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3.4.3 40.
3.4.
41
, ( \ref) ( \pageref) LATEX . .

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TEX , LATEX
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44
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1 : \begin{math}
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4.2.
45
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\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
\frac{1}{\displaystyle 1+
\frac{\displaystyle 1}
{\displaystyle 2}}}}
\end{equation*}
1
1+
1+
1
1+ 1
2
1
1
1+
1+
1
1+
1
2
,
. LATEX, , , .
4.2.
, , . ,
.
4 equation . . (*)
.
46
4.
mathtext ( t2)
. warn,
.
mathtext babel / fontenc:
\[
v_{}=\frac{S_{}-S_{}}
{\delta t}
\]
\[\] equation*.
. ,
:
\ DelareSmbolFont {T2 A l e t t e r s }{T2A}{cmr}{m}{ i t }
amstext, amsmath, \text, .
:
\[v_{}=
\frac{\text{ }\text{ }}
{\text{ }}\]
, \text . \text .
4.3.
, . ,
, - . .
4.3.
47
4.3.1.
. , ,
. , (,
123, 456, 789) . ,
:
$3.14159$\par
$3,14159$
3.14159
3, 14159
. , . ,
, , :
$3.14159$\par
$3{,}14159$
3.14159
3,14159
ncccomma nctools. ,
, , . ,
, = 1, 2, . . . ,
.
4.3.2.
, .
:
\[A_{\text{ }}\quad
B^{\text{ }}\quad
C_n^k\]
, ,
.
: $a^2+b^2=c^2$, 2 + 2 = 2 .
48
4.
4.3.3.

. . amsfonts, :
\begin{itemize}
\item$ABCD$ "--- ,
\item$\mathbf{ABCD}$ "--- ,
\item$\mathbb{ABCD}$ "--- ,
\item$\mathcal{ABCD}$ "--- ,
\item$\mathfrak{ABCD}$ "--- ,
\item$\mathscr{ABCD}$ "--- mathrsfs.
\end{itemize}
ABCD ,
ABCD ,
ABCD ,
ABCD ,
ABCD ,
A BC D mathrsfs.
, .
( \mathfrak).

. , ,
:
\alpha
\zeta
\lambda
\pi
\phi
\Delta
\Sigma

\beta
\gamma
\eta
\theta
\mu
\nu
\rho
\sigma
\chi
\psi
\Theta
\Lambda
\Upsilon \Phi
\delta
\iota
\xi
\tau
\omega
\Xi
\Psi
\epsilon
\kappa
o
\upsilon
\Gamma
\Pi
\Omega
LATEX ,
.
amssymb:
% \kappa, \epsilon \phi
\renewcommand{\ kappa }{\ varkappa }
\renewcommand{\ e p s i l o n }{\ v a r e p s i l o n }
\renewcommand{\ p h i }{\ v a r p h i }

LATEX . TEX Live
LATEX (The Comprehensive LaTeX Sym-
4.3.
49
bols List symbols-a4.pdf), 3300 , LATEX. , , .

, .
amssymb .
6
=
\hat{a}
\ tilde {a}
\cdot
\neg
\le
\neq
\approx
\angle
\ell
>

\bar{a}
\vec{a}
\pm
\mp
\div
\lor
\forall
\exists
\ge
\ll
\equiv
\sim
\propto
\parallel
\triangle
^ \sphericalangle
\sum
\prod
\dot{a}
\times
\land
\in
\gg
\simeq
\perp
\infty
\varnothing
(6 >)
:
% \le \ge
\renewcommand{\ l e }{\ l e q s l a n t }
\renewcommand{\ ge }{\ g e q s l a n t }
4.3.4.
:
\ s q r t [ ] { }
. .
\[
\overline{
\underline{\Large
\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[2]{b}+\sqrt[99]{g}
}
}
\]
99
, .
, , ,
, .
50
4.
\mathstrut5 . ,
:
\[\Large
\sqrt[3]{\mathstrut a}+
\sqrt[2]{\mathstrut b}+
\sqrt[99]{\mathstrut g}
\]
3
2
99
+ +
4.3.5.
\frac6 :
\[
=\frac{}{}
\]
LATEX, ,
.
4.3.6.
, 2 + + = 0:
\[
x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}
\]
1,2 =
2 4
2

,.
4.3.7.
- . , ,
, . , , .
5
6
strut .
fraction .
4.3.
51
= .
.
. \frac{d F(x)}{dx}. \partial:
\[ f\quad f\quad f \quad f^{n} \]

\[\dot{x}\quad \ddot{x}\quad \ddot{x}\]
\[\frac{d f}{d x}\quad
\frac{d^n f}{d x^n}\quad
\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x\partial y}\]
. \int:
\[
\frac{d}{dx}\int F(x) dx=F(x)
\]
() = ()
, ,
,
. , , wasysym
integrals. , .
,
.
,
. :
\[
\int_0^{\infty}\quad
\int\limits_0^{\infty}\quad
\sum_{i=1}^n\quad
\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^n\quad
\]
=1
=1
.
\limits. ,
\sum .
\nolimits.
52
4.
4.3.8.
,
.
, . babel
, .
: \cos, \arccos, \sin, \arcsin, \tg, \arctg, \ctg, \arcctg, \sh, \ch, \th, \cth,
\exp, \ln, \log, \lim, \min \max.
.
\begin{equation*}
\begin{split}
&\log_2 10=\ln10/\ln2\simeq3.32 \\
&\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sin x}{x}=1\\
&(a+b)^n=\sum_{k=1}^n C^k_n a^kb^{n-k}
\end{split}
\end{equation*}
log2 10 = ln 10/ ln 2 3.32

sin
lim
=1
0
( + ) =

=1
, \log () \lim
() . \DeclareMathOperator:
%
\ DeclareMathOperator {\ l o g l i k e }{ l o g l i k e }
\ DeclareMathOperator {\ liml i k e }{ liml i k e }

( ) ( ).
4.3.9.
. .
, , :
\[ ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \]
((
((
l ( \left),
r ( \right) m:
4.4.
53
\[ \Biggl|\int\Biggl| \Biggm|\int\Biggm|
\Biggr|\int\Biggr|\]
, , . \left \right
.
\[\left(
\left[
\left\langle
\left\{
\left\uparrow
\left\lceil
\left|
\left\lfloor
\text{-}^{10}
\right\rfloor^9
\right|^8
\right\rceil^7
\right\downarrow^6
\right\}^5
\right\rangle^4
\right]^3
\right)^2\]
} 4 3 2
{
8 7 6 5

10

4.4.
,
, , . :
a + b =
= c
. 7 ,
:
%
\newcommand{\hm} [ 1 ] { # 1 \ nobreak \ d i s c r e t i o n a r y {}%
{\ hbox {$\ mathsurround=0pt #1$}}{}}
\hm, , : $a + b \hm{=} c$.
7
fido7.ru.tex.
54
4.
.
.
(=, >, <, 6, >, =, ); ,
; . - ,
.

. , 13.
, TEX .
, . . . .
TEX ,
- .
. .
LATEX Encapsulated PostScript.
5.1. Encapsulated PostScript

,
Adobe Systems Apple
PostScript. , . PostScript
.
PostScript. , PostScript .
Encapsulated PostScript EPS .
, , eps.
56
5.
PostScript, . LATEX ,
:
%! PSAdobe2 . 0 EPSF2 . 0
%%C r e a t o r : d v i p s ( k ) 5 . 95b Copyright 2005 R a d i c a l Eye S o f t w a r e
%%T i t l e : p i c t u r e . d v i
%%BoundingBox : 127 464 430 667
%%DocumentFonts : SFRM1200 SFRM0800
%%EndComments
PostScript1 . BoundingBox . , .
(bp=1/72 in), 0.351 . .
PostScript- EPS,
, , BoundingBox.
ps2eps . , Ghostscript PostScript:
> g s q dSAFER dNOPAUSE dBATCH sDEVICE=bbox
bbox.
-q, -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH
. -dSAFER , Ghostscript
2 .
EPS- . , PostScript, -
.
- PostScript,
.
, / epstool .
1 . PostScript-
.
.
2 , ,
read-only. , Ghostscript
.
5.2. EPS
57
EPS pstoedit , , . ,
- PostScript- .
, .
5.2. EPS
LATEX
EPS. . -, ,
, .
, convert ImageMagick,
.
: latexdvipsps2pdf pdflatex, PNG3 JPEG4 ,
PDF5 . , . ,
. pdflatex .
JPEG jpeg2ps, CTAN-
{CTAN}/nonfree/support/jpeg2ps. JPEG-,
eps-. JPEG PostSript-. , PostScript Level 2. ,
,
.
sam2p
bmeps. CTAN graphics/sam2p
support/bmeps . sam2p , ,
bmeps PNG JPEG. eps- .
.
bmeps ,
eps-, sam2p .
3 Portable Network Graphics ,
.
4 Joint Picture Experts Group , .
5 Portable Document Format ,
Adobe System.
58
5.
CTAN {CTAN}graphics/a2ping
perl- a2ping.pl. sam2p Ghostscript, - PostScript .
5.3. graphicx

graphicx6 , \includegraphics:
% TeX METAFONT,
% , ...
LATEX

% Neal Tucker
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{title.eps}
\textwidth . \includegraphics . =, .
keyval. .
bb
BoundingBox LATEX-, eps. ,
, : [bb=127 464 430 667]. bb ,
: [bbllx=127,bblly=464,bbrx=430,bbry=667].
BoundingBox
viewport - BoundingBox, , trim -
, , .
clip BoundingBox. , .
false. clip true.
.
angle .
6 graphicx graphics .
, .
5.3. graphicx
59
origin , .
origin : l, b, r t , ,
. . , : lt, rt, rb lb. c
.
width .
height .
scale .
keepaspectratio .
A
.
L TEX

LATEX

\includegraphics[trim=110 0 105 100,clip,

width=0.49\textwidth]{title.eps}
\hspace{0.5cm}
\includegraphics[viewport=0 0 100 200,clip,
width=0.49\textwidth,
height=3cm,keepaspectratio,
angle=180,origin=c]{title.eps}
\includegraphics .
.
5.3.1.
graphicx
. , png-:
\ D e c l a r e G r a p h i c s R u l e { . png }{ e p s } { . bb } { bmeps p3 c #1}
, . png-.
, LATEX.
, eps
Encapsulated PostScript, , dvips . ,
BoundingBox, bb
:
%%BoundingBox : 0 0 848 979
60
5.
png- , , :
> bmeps b . png . bb
, .
. #1 . dvi-.
,
. , dvi xdvi -allowshell.
,
. PostScript dvips
-R0. - eps-.
eps :
\ D e c l a r e G r a p h i c s R u l e {}{ e p s }{}{}
MetaPost,
. , ,
BoundingBox , .
5.4.
.
. \includegraphics , .
, LATEX :
(float7 ). , .
figure:
\ b e g i n { f i g u r e } [ ht ]
\ c e n t e r i n g %
\ i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s {}
\ c a p t i o n {}\ l a b e l { f i g : metka }
\ end { f i g u r e }
7 , ,
float. floatraw,
.
5.4.
61
figure :
h ,
t ,
b ,
p , .
figure . h, t b, LATEX
.
LATEX , . , , ,
: [b!].
5.4.1.
, . ,
.
clearpage
LATEX , . -
- . \clearpage.
, , .
, . , afterpage,
:
\ a f t e r p a g e {\ c l e a r p a g e }
\afterpage .
suppressfloats
\suppressfloats . t b
.
62
5.
placeins
placeins . \FloatBarrier.
, , .
. (section) [section]
:
\ usepackage [ s e c t i o n ] { p l a c e i n s }
endfloat
, . endfloat
. .
5.4.2. float
. , , \parbox minipage:
\ parbox [ ] { }{}
\ b e g i n { minipage } [ ] { }
\ end { minipage }
,
. ( [c] ),
([t]) ([b]).
:
\ b e g i n { f i g u r e } [ ht ] \ c e n t e r i n g
\ parbox [ b ] { 0 . 4 9 \ t e x t w i d t h }{\ c e n t e r i n g
\ i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s {-1}
\ c a p t i o n {-1}\ l a b e l { f i g : metka 1}}
\ h f i l \ h f i l%
\ b e g i n { minipage } [ b ] { 0 . 4 9 \ t e x t w i d t h }
\ centering
\ i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s {-2}
5.4.
63
\ c a p t i o n {-2}\ l a b e l { f i g : metka2}
\ end { minipage }
\parbox minipage .
.
.
subfig . .
miniplot , subfig, .
figsize
.
dpfloat ,
. .
5.4.3.

,
LATEX

.

,

,

.
. 1.

-

floatflt wrapfig. , floatflt . 5.1. .
,
. . floatingfigure
wrapfigure .
\ b e g i n { f l o a t i n g f i g u r e } [ ] { }
...
\ end { f l o a t i n g f i g u r e }
floatingfigure
:
rflt ,
lflt ,
vflt ( ).
64
5.
wrapfigure :
\ b e g i n { w r a p f i g u r e } [ ]
{}{}
...
\ end { w r a p f i g u r e }
floatingfigure wrapfigure
. :
r ,
l ,
i ,
o .
,
, ,
.

, . . ,
, , .

nccfloats ncctools, . . :
\ s i d e f i g ( ) ( )
{\ i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s {}}{}
\sidefig ,
. .
. nccfloats.pdf.
5.4.4.
\caption,
.
. ,
. .
.
\protect. \caption
,
,
.
,
\caption . caption ccaption.
caption.pdf ccaption.pdf .
5.4.
65
\usepackage[russian]{babel}
., .
. , , :
\ usepackage { ccaption }
% : .
\ c a p t i o n d e l i m { . } % !
,
, , .
. mcaption margincap:
\ b e g i n { f i g u r e } [ ht ]
\ b e g i n { margincap }{}
\ i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s {}
\ end { margincap }
,
. mcaption.pdf.

- ,
. ,
. ,
. 100% .

LATEX , , . .
.
6.1.
LATEX .
, . 58
\textwidth , , .
\newlength. . ,
- \setlength:
\newlength{\MyLength}
\setlength{\MyLength}{1cm plus 2.5fill minus 5mm}
\addtolength{\MyLength}{5em}
\lstinline!\MyLength! \the\MyLength.
\MyLength
74.69145pt plus 2.5fill minus
14.22636pt.
68
6.
LATEX -
. plus, minus. TEX
.
\setlength . \addtolength ,
. \the .
LATEX - .
, . ,
(in) 2.54 72.27 (1 pt 0.35 mm).
(cm) (mm). LATEX (bp), (dd), (pc) (cc) , .
LATEX (sp),
1/65536 .
: 1ex x, 1em
M. , ,
. , ,
\quad, \hspace{1em}.
\setlength{\MyLength}{1ex}
x \the\MyLength\par
\Large \setlength{\MyLength}{1ex}
x \the\MyLength
x 3.87405pt
x 6.19771pt
fill . TEX , : fil, fill filll, fil fill filll.

.
,
\settowidth:
\settowidth{\MyLength}{ }
\addtolength{\MyLength}{1em}
\centering
\framebox[1.2\MyLength]{ }\par
\framebox[1.2\MyLength]{ }
6.2.
69
\settoheight , \settodepth .
.
FAQ LATEX:
\ makeatletter1
\newcommand{\ maxwidth }{%
\ i f d i m \Gin@nat@width>\ l i n e w i d t h
\ linewidth
\ else
\Gin@nat@width
\fi
}
\ makeatother
\maxwidth ,
:
\ i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s [ width=\maxwidth ] { }
:
( BoundingBox) .
,
, ,
.
6.2.
, , , (counter). LATEX
:
\newcounter{MyCount}
\setcounter{MyCount}{5}
MyCount \arabic{MyCount},
~\alph{MyCount}, \Asbuk{MyCount}.\par
\addtocounter{MyCount}{1550}
\arabic{MyCount} \Roman{MyCount}.
MyCount 5,
e, .
1555 MDLV.
\newcounter . , ,
1 \makeatletter/\makeatother
LATEX-. @
, .
70
6.
. \setnewcounter, -
\addtocounter.
, - , -
. .
, \arabic{}.
\Roman \roman
. : \alph , \asbuk \Asbuk
.
,
( page), ( part, chapter,
section, subsection, subsubsection . .), (footnote),
( figure table) (equation).

\the . .
, , , , \the-,
, ,
:
\renewcommand{\ t h e p a g e }{\Roman{ page }}
,
:
\newcounter{Main}\addtocounter{Main}{10}
\newcounter{Dep}[Main]\addtocounter{Dep}{10}
: \theMain.\theDep\par
\stepcounter{Main}
: \theMain.\theDep
: 10.10
: 11.0
, . Dep Main. ,
(Main) \stepcounter, (Dep) .
(section).
chngcntr ltxmisc
. \counterwithin{Dep}{Main} Dep Main. \counterwithout{Dep}{Main}.
chngcntr.sty.
6.3. . . .
71
\refstepcounter{} \stepcounter ,
, \refstepcounter , \ref, , \the-:
% " "
\ newcounter { Problem } [ s e c t i o n ]
\renewcommand{\ theProblem }{\ t h e s e c t i o n . \ a r a b i c { Problem }}
\ newenvironment { Problem } [ 0 ] {%
\ par \ r e f s t e p c o u n t e r { Problem }%
\ theProblem \ , }%
{\ par }%
Problem . Problem
. \theProblem , .
Problem \refstepcounter{}.
:
\begin{Problem}\label{ex:1}

\end{Problem}
\begin{Problem}\label{ex:2}

\end{Problem}
~\ref{ex:1} ~\ref{ex:2}.
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.1 6.2.2.
6.3. . . .
. . . , . , ,
.

:
\newcommand{\ e e }{\ ensuremath { e^{+}e ^{}}\xspace}
,
. \ensuremath
:
$J/\psi\to\ee$
\ee{}"=.
/ + + -.
\xspace xspace
, ,
.
72
6.
,
:
\newcommand{ } [ N ] [ . . ] { }
\renewcommand{ } [ N ] [ . . ] { }
\ providecommand { } [ N ] [ . . ] { }
\newcommand . ,
. \renewcommand
. \providecommand
, , ,
.
. /,
(1) (9). 4.4
($a + b \hm{=} c$):
\newcommand{\hm} [ 1 ] { # 1 \ nobreak \ d i s c r e t i o n a r y {}%
{\ hbox {$\ mathsurround=0pt #1$}}{}}
(#) .
, , #1.
(*) \newcommand \hm :
\par. .
:
\newcommand{\exmpl}[1][]%
{<< #1>>}
\exmpl{} \exmpl[].
\newenvironment:
\newenvironment{outlined}%
{\hrule\smallskip\begin{center}}%
{\end{center}\smallskip\hrule}
\begin{outlined}
.
\end{outlined}
\newcommand:
\ newenvironment { } [ N ] [ . . ]%
{, }%
{, }
6.3. . . .
width
reference
73
, .
q
height
depth
width = 288.7318pt
height = 17.27356pt
depth = 4.83911pt
. 6.1. (width), (height) (depth)

, \newcommand, . ,
, . \renewenvironment.
6.3.1.
LATEX TEX, -, , TeX [1] .
,
. , LATEX ,
LATEX--.
6.3.2. calc
calc tools
. calc
:
\theMyCount.\par
\setcounter{MyCount}{\value{MyCount}-1000}
\theMyCount.
1555.
555.
calc \setcounter, \addtocounter, \setlength \addtolength ,

.
\setlength{\MyLength}{
(1em+\widthof{ })*\real{1.2}}
\centering
\framebox[\MyLength]{ }\par
\framebox[\MyLength]{ }
calc \widthof{},
\heightof{} \depthof{} , , .
74
6.
calc, ,
(4mm*2 , 2*4mm ). . \real
, :
\ r a t i o {}{}
calc.pdf.
6.3.3.
xifthen, ifthen. -:
\newcommand{\RusCnt}[1]{%
\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{1}}{}{}%
\ifthenelse{\cnttest{#1}>{3}}{}{}}
\RusCnt{1}, \RusCnt{2}, \RusCnt{3} \RusCnt{4}.
, , .
\ifthenelse ,
, ,
.
1, 2 3
\equal .
, \ifthenelse \cnttest{}{}. calc.
.
, ifthen.
(\value{} )
=, > <.
\isodd{ } ?
\isundefinedcommand{ } ?
\equal{ 1}{ 2} ?
\boolean{ } ?
\lengthtest{ 1 = 2} ? > <.
6.3. . . .
75
 , \AND , \OR
\NOT .
xifthen .
\isnamedefined{ } ?
\isempty ?
\isequivalentto{ 1}{ 2} ?
\cnttest{ 1}{ 2} calc- .
\dimtest{ 1}{ 2} calc- .
. xifthen.pdf.
ifthen \whiledo:
\def\Source{ , , }
\whiledo{\not\equal{\Source}{}}
{ \GetTokens{TokenOne}{TokenTwo}{\Source}%
\fbox{\TokenOne}%
\let\Source\TokenTwo}
,
, , .
\GetTokens tokenizer,
. . , , .
tokenizer.pdf.

- ,
.
.
.
. , , , ,
.
,
.
() , ,
, , . ,
,
.
, . , LATEX
, . , ,
, , .
7.1.
. 7.1 \layout
. .
78
7.

10
1
1
3
5
7
9
11
11
+ \hoffset
\oddsidemargin = 2pt
\headheight = 18pt
\textheight = 635pt
\marginparsep = 12pt
\footskip = 50pt
\hoffset = 0pt
\paperwidth = 597pt
2
4
6
8
10
+ \voffset
\topmargin = -41pt
\headsep = 21pt
\textwidth = 448pt
\marginparwidth = 49pt
\marginparpush = 6pt (not shown)
\voffset = 0pt
\paperheight = 845pt
. 7.1. scrartcl a4paper ( \layout layout)
7.1.
79
. ,
( ).
. ,
.
, . . 7.1
1 ).
2
(

. . \hoffset \voffset (
),
.
, .
7 \textwidth
\texthight
8
. \columnwidth. \linewidth ,
.
3 .
\oddsidemargin
.
\oddsidemargin, \evensidemargin.
4
\topmargin
5 , \headheight ,
6
\headsep .
\footskip .
10
\marginparwidth
9 \marginparsep .
: \marginparpush.
7.1.1.
\paperwidth \paperheight.
LATEX (article, book, report letter) , letter. ,
A4 (210 297 ).
a4paper :
\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ a 4 paper , 1 2 pt , o n e s i d e ] { s c r b o o k }
80
7.
A5 ( A4) a5paper.
7.1.2.
. 7.2. lscape
- .
(, slides).
. 7.3. rotpages
,
landscape lscape. ,
, 90 . pdflatex
, (
), pdftex - pdflscape.
, ,
portland,
, . \portrait
\landscape . . , .
- 180 1 , rotpages.
\rotboxpages \endrotboxpages, 1 , , .
7.2.
81
. ,
. rotpages-doc.pdf
7.2.
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86
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7.4.
93
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8. LATEX
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paper TeX
XI
This is the caption of the main image on

the front page.
Februarii MMVII k 10:19h
12:34 h First text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer

adipiscing elit. In vitae augue. Morbi fermentum, felis accumsan
rhoncus malesuada, metus eros adipiscing dui, vel eleifend nibh velit
ut felis. Pellentesque elementum massa at nisi dapibus mollis. Etiam
cursus. Mauris gravida nibh ut sapien. Vestibulum pretium, felis et.
SECTION A
MAIN INDEX
Second subheading. Facilisis sit amet, elementum nec, interdum

vitae, nunc.
10:23 h Second text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. In vitae augue. Morbi fermentum, felis accumsan rhoncus malesuada, metus eros adipiscing
dui, vel eleifend nibh velit ut felis.

Pellentesque elementum massa at nisi
dapibus mollis. Etiam cursus. Mauris
gravida nibh ut sapien. Vestibulum
pretium, felis et.
Index item 2. Cras feugiat,

arcu a tincidunt ornare, sem
augue mattis erat. p. ??
Index item 3. Sed sit amet

velit. Duis sit amet nunc.
Aenean vehicula commodo est. Aliquam dignissim
tempor enim. p. ??
SECTION B
Third subheading. Nunc dictum fermentum nunc. Suspendisse

est. Nulla bibendum lacus vel tortor.
10:02 h Third text. Curabitur imperdiet, est
vel commodo eleifend, mi urna vulputate lorem, at

rhoncus diam augue vitae magna. In nisi. Vivamus
elementum blandit sem. Cras sit amet justo. Curabitur diam arcu, elementum commodo, tincidunt
vel, dapibus id, lectus. In egestas nibh nec leo.
Pellentesque ut nisi sed purus rhoncus vehicula.
Donec commodo magna.
TOMORROW
15 k 11 C
Index item 4. Curabitur imperdiet, est vel commodo

eleifend, mi urna vulputate
lorem. p. ??
paper
WEATHER FORECAST
TODAY
13 k 9 C
Index item 1. Cras molestie

dui sed lectus. In purus
justo, lacinia sit amet. p. ??
FRIDAY
12 k 6 C
EDITORS
Ignacio Llopis
lloptor@gmail.com
http://nachollopis.com
1 -
, .
8.3.
97
, , LATEX ,
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2 10pt, 11pt 12pt extsizes 8pt, 9pt, 14pt, 17pt
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98
8. LATEX
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FAQ LATEX (http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq)

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5
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5
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5 .
2.2.3 eskdgraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
2.2.4 eskdtab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
eskdx,
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2.5 . . . 14
2.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.7 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
, 2.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.13 , , , .. . . . . . . . . . 20
. 3
21
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, eskdbtab 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
eskdgraph ,
3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
. eskdx.pdf eskdx v0.97
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:
http://lostclus.linux.kiev.ua/eskdx/.
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8.3.
101
The quest for
The following formula computes 8 correct digits per

iteration (Ramanujan):

1 X ( 41 )n ( 24 )n ( 43 )n
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- (Eli Billauer) LATEX- HiTech- hitec. .
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Center for the Automation of Weapon
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johndoe
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curve
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Any intelligent fool can make things bigger, more complex,
and more violent. It takes a touch of genius and a lot of
courage to move in the opposite direction.
20032006
Master of Design, Valparezzo School of Design.

1st year: 79%
20012003
title
2nd year: 84%
3rd year:
(graduation expected in June 2006)
Bachelor of Design, Being Drawing University.
1st year: 63%
2nd year: 76%
On the design of modern curriculum vits
supervisors
Pr P. Picasso and Pr G. Klimt
description
Study of the complex design of a curriculum vit, also known as rsum. In my opinion,
a good design needs to be show the personality of its author. Some people will thus prefer a
more classic style, and others will be more audacious. . .
February 2006
current
20052006
Maintainer of the a CTAN package, CTAN, World.
Maintainer of the moderncv package, meant to ease the production of beautiful curriculum
vits.
Mathematics tutor, UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve.
Supervision of practical sessions for a mathematical course given to second year engineering
students (course FSAB1104: Numerical Methods).
See www.legat-online.be/b2q1/num.
20042006
Cultural project leader, Tchouque-Tschouk Kot, Louvain-la-Neuve.
Leader of a student home with a cultural project, requiring day to day management as well
as the organization of public events.
See www.organe.be.
19992001
IMO preselected, SBPMef, Wpion.
Advanced mathematical training, as Belgian preselected candidate for the International Mathematical Olympiads, selected by the Belgian mathematical society.
See
imo.math.ca/belgium.html.
French
Dutch
English
Native
Near-native
Very good
Primary education degree obtained in a Dutch college

(Sint-Jozefscollege te Sint-Pieters-Woluwe).
Many journeys in English speaking countries, including the United

States,
the United Kingdom and Kenya.
12 somestreet, 3456 somecity T +12 (3)456 78 90 B jdoe@design.org www.ctan.org
8.3.9.
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104
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PDF:
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PDF tex-
pdflatex. latex , PDF. pdflatex
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> p d f t o p s [ e p s ] pdf-
EPS,
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PDF Type1.
.

. : ,
, . , ,
.
108
9.
,
Computer Modern ( cm-super).
Type3. cm-super ( TEX Live )
.
9.2.2.
Adobe Reader Ghostscript. - , . Adobe Reader Adobe
Systems. PDF
. , ,
.
Adobe Reader,
, ,
. pdfopen pdfclose ( TEX Live):
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# .pdf
> pdfopen f i l e .pdf
Ghostscript .
Ghostscript PDF , . :
. () .
xpdf (http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/) PDF
, X Window. 3.02, xpdf PDF 1.7. xpdf
, , kpdf .
r. .
9.2.3.
, PDF.
: ,
.
.
hyperref . , manual.pdf.

movie15. : pdflatex, Adobe Reader MS Windows MacOS.
9.3. beamer
109
, , . movie15.pdf.

PDF .
Mac OS MS Windows .
, ,
.
9.3. beamer
, , -
. .
beamer ,
slides,
. , ,
, , LATEX.
(Till Tantau)
.
beamer ,
(beameruserguide.pdf)
http://sourceforge.net/projects/latex-beamer. TEX Live beamer
.
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110
9.
% ( )
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PDG 2007
PDG 2007
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e + e e + e / total 6% (DASP-1979)
e + e + / total
PDG 2007 0.335 0.007 (2.1%)
BaBar (2004) 0.3301 0.0077 0.0073
2.3% 2.2% ISR
CLEO-c (2006) 0.3384 0.0058 0.0071
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. 9.2. , \pause beamer

, , .
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112
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beamer
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9.3. beamer
113
%
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%
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114
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9.3. beamer
Users Guide
to the
Beamer
Class
115
An Algorithm For Finding Primes

Numbers.
Till Tantau
Users Guide
to the
Beamer
Class

Numbers.
Till Tantau
int main (void)

{
std::vector<bool> is_prime (100, true);
for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)
int main (void)

{
for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)
if (is_prime[i])
{
}
return 0;
return 0;
}
Users Guide
to the
Beamer
Class
Till Tantau

Numbers.
int main (void)
{
for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)
if (is_prime[i])
{
std::cout i " ";
for (int j = i; j < 100;
is_prime [j] = false, j+=i);
}
return 0;
}
Users Guide
to the
Beamer
Class
Till Tantau

Numbers.
int main (void)
{
for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)
if (is_prime[i])
{
std::cout i " ";
for (int j = i; j < 100;
is_prime [j] = false, j+=i);
}
return 0;
}
Note the use of std::.
. 9.7. ( Hannover, , )
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116
9.

beamer .
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beamer 2007 : AnnArbor,
Antibes, Bergen, Berkeley, Berlin, Boadilla, CambridgeUS, Copenhagen, Darmstadt, Dresden, Frankfurt, Goettingen, Hannover, Ilmenau, JuanLesPins, Luebeck, Madrid, Malmoe, Marburg, Montpellier, PaloAlto, Pittsburgh, Rochester,
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128 98 . .
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9.3. beamer
117
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(magyar), (hungarian), (uppersorbian),
(galician), (dutch), (greek, polutonikogreek), (danish), (hebrew), (interlingua), (irish), (icelandic), (spanish), (italian), (catalan),
120
10.
(latin), (bahasa), (austrian, german, germanb, ngerman, naustrian), (lowersorbian), (norsk), (nynorsk),
(polish), (portuges, portuguese, brazilian), (russian), (romanian), (samin), (serbian), (slovak), (slovene), (turkish), (ukrainian), (welsh), (finnish), (french, francais, canadien,
acadian), (croatian), (czech), (swedish), (scottish), (esperanto) (estonian).
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121
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The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List. pdf-
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122
10.
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124
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125
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126
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127
10.4.2.
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130
10.

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132
10.
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10.5.
133
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\section ,
\subsection . . tocdepth, , :
\ s e t c o u n t e r { t o c d e p t h }{2}
.
\listoffigures
\listoftables.
lof lot.
-
\ a d d c o n t e n t s l i n e { t o c }{ }{ }
.
(toc, lof lot), . , section, subsection
. LATEX
\protect, .
\appendix .
. \appendix
.
( book , , scrbook) \chapter \part .

134
10.
: \frontmatter ( ), \mainmatter (
) \backmatter.
.
( titlepage) :
\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ a 4 paper , 1 2 pt ] { s c r b o o k }
...
%
\ makeindex
%
\ frontmatter
\ begin { t i t l e p a g e }

\ end { t i t l e p a g e }
\ t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s {}
%
\ mainmatter
\ c h a p t e r { 1}
\ l a b e l { cha : c h a p t e r 1}
\ c h a p t e r { 2}
\ l a b e l { cha : c h a p t e r 2}
%
\ backmatter
%
\ b i b l i o g r a p h y s t y l e { g o s t 780u}
\ bibliography { b i b f i l e }
%
\ printindex
\ end { document }
10.6. ,
135
10.6. ,

- . , -
,
,
.
10.6.1.
. 131, ,
\label. ASCII-.
aux. ,
( \ref) (\pageref), latex .
, xr.
:
\ u s e p a c k a g e { xr }
\ e x t e r n a l d o c u m e n t [EXT]{ e x t e r n a l d o c }
externaldoc.tex.
, , \ref/\pageref,
EXT-. ,
,
- .
. , equation ( ) theorem (), . ( figure)
( tabular). \label
\caption, .
. ,
amsmath \eqref. \ref
\eqref:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:1}
x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}
\end{equation}
~\ref{eq:1}\par
~\eqref{eq:1}
1,2 =
2 4
2
10.1
(10.1)
(10.1)
136
10.
, ex
. .
, prettyref .
.
%
\newrefformat{eq}{ \No~\ref{#1}}
: \prettyref{eq:1}
: 10.1
\prettyref
(:), .
. showkeys.
,
.
10.6.2.
\footnote.
.
. , , , .
.
minipage, :
\begin{minipage}{1.0\linewidth}
\footnote{.}
\footnote[26]{ .}.
\end{minipage}
a z .
a .
\footnote .
, \footnote \protect, :
\ s e c t i o n { \ p r o t e c t \ f o o t n o t e { . } }
, , ,
:
\ f o o t n o t e m a r k [ num ]
\ f o o t n o t e t e x t [ num ] { }
10.6. ,
137
num, \footnote,
. footnote.
nccfoots
nccfoots ncctools
:
\begin{minipage}{1.0\linewidth}
\Footnote{$\alpha$}{.}
\Footnotemark{$\beta$}.
\Footnotetext{$\beta$}{ .}
\end{minipage}
.
.
,
.
footmisc
footmisc ( footmisc.pdf)
. :
perpage
;
para

. , ;
side
;
symbol* ;
norule* .
savefnmark
savefnmark .
:
\saveFN ,
;
\useFN .
\footnote{}\saveFN\oldfoot\par
\useFN\oldfoot
a
a
a
138
10.
10.6.3.
, , .
.
endnotes
endnotes ltxmisc.
: \endnote,
\endnotemark \endnotetext.
\addtoendnotes{}. :
\renewcommand{\ notesname }{ }
\ theendnotes
endnotes
endnotes.sty.
pagenote
endnotes pagenote.
%
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ page ] { p a g e n o t e }
\ makepagenote
...
%
\ p a g e n o t e {}
...
\renewcommand{\ notesname }{ }
\ printnotes
page , . continuous.
.
\printnotes
. \printnotes*
, , . \printnotes*
10.6. ,
139
10.6.4.
, , article, .
\marginpar{}. , , ,
. , , , \reversemarginpar,
\normalmarginpar.
marginnote
\marginpar ,
, ,
. marginnote
, :
\ marginnote [ ] { } [ ]
\marginpar, . ,
. marginnote.pdf.
, . LATEX mparhack
.
changebar
. changebar .
\cbstart \cbend, .
dvips, pdflatex. . changebar.pdf.
10.6.5. WWW-
, , .
\url .
140
10.
url
url www-,
.
WWW- :
\url{http://www.inp.nsk.su/
~baldin/}.
WWW-
http://www.inp.nsk.su/~baldin/.
%, #, , \. ,
\verb : \url!http://www..ru!.
hyperref
hyperref .

. :
% h y p e r r e f
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ u n i c o d e=t r u e ] { h y p e r r e f }
. ,
. .
pdf-, dvi-, ,
xdvi. unicode=true , .
hyperref
manual.pdf.
, : http://www-sbras.nsc.ru/win/docs/TeX/LaTex2e/docs_koi.html.
hyperref LATEX.
breakurl
pdflatex hyperref www- ,

latexdvipsps2pdf , .
breakurl.
breakurl hyperref . \burl, \url.
WWW-:
\burl{http://www.inp.nsk.su/~baldin/}.
WWW-: http://www.
inp.nsk.su/~baldin/.
10.7.
141
, preserveurlmacro, \url
\burl. breakurl.pdf.
10.7.
. ,
.
10.7.1. FiXme
. , . .
, -
, .
FiXme :
\fxnote
;
\fxwarning ;
\fxerror
;
\fixme
.
.
draft , , :
\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ a 4 paper , 1 2 pt , d r a f t ] { s c r b o o k }
, , . draft final
. \listoffixmes
.
\fixme ,
.
fixme. : inline , margin ( ), footnote
index . fixme.pdf.
10.7.2. lineno
lineno .
.
linenumbers.
2
3
4
5
142
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
\linenumbers/\nolinenumbers, , , .
.
,
, \setpagewiselinenumbers.
,
\switchlinenumbers, * ()
.
: \linelabel{ex:lineno}. \ref 9.

lineno.pdf.
10.7.3.
,
,
- ,
draftwatermark.
.
, draftcopy. DRAFT.
dvips, pdflatex.

.
. 10.5 ,
.
,
:
LATEX, Linux .
..
LATEX

10.
e-mail: E.M.Baldin@inp.nsk.su
TEX METAFONT, , .. .
. 10.5. draftwatermark
%
\ usepackage { draftwatermark }
%
\ SetWatermarkScale { 2 . 3 }
%
\ SetWatermarkLightness { 0 . 3 }
%
\ SetWatermarkText {\ t e x t b f { }}
10.7.
143
draftwatermark firstpage, .
0, 1. \SetWatermarkFontSize.
\SetWatermarkAngle{}.
watermark ncctools , .
bophook, eso-pic wallpaper.
10.7.4.
. ,
.
, ?
\input{ } tex-
. LATEX ,
, \endinput. , \input. .
tex.
, , \include. \includeonly
, .
, . , \include \clearpage, , .
\include:
%
\ input { preheader }
%
\ includeonly {
% intro ,
base ,
% presentation
}
\ i n c l u d e { i n t r o } %
\ i n c l u d e { b a s e } %
\ i n c l u d e { p r e s e n t a t i o n } %
\ end { document }
144
10.
\include tex- (
tex ). , .
base.tex.
\listfiles ,
. .
excludeonly
\includeonly excludeonly , . , .
, , base.tex, \includeonly \excludeonly:
\ i n c l u d e o n l y { i n t r o , base , p r e s e n t a t i o n }
\ excludeonly { intro , presentation }
askinclude
askinclude.

\include. , , .
optional
optional ltxmisc
\opt, :
% v a r i a n t . t e x
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ answer 1 ] { o p t i o n a l }
" .
\ opt { v a r i a n t 1 , answer 1}{\ i n p u t { v a r i a n t 1}}
\ opt { v a r i a n t 2 , answer 2}{\ i n p u t { v a r i a n t 2}}
\ opt {}{ }
\ opt { answer 1}{\ i n p u t { answer 1}}
\ opt { answer 2}{\ i n p u t { answer 2}}
10.7.
145
\AskOption, .
:
\newcommand{\ E x p l a i n O p t i o n s }{ v a r i a n t 1 , v a r i a n t 2 problems ;
answer 1 , answer 2 s o l u t i o n s }
\ AskOption
, :
...
v a r i a n t 1 , v a r i a n t 2 problems ; answer1 , answer2 s o l u t i o n s
S p e c i f y which o p t i o n a l t e x t t o p r o c e s s :
\ UseOption=
:
> l a t e x " \newcommand\ UseOption { answer1 }\ i n p u t { v a r i a n t } "
- Makefile.
optional.sty.
11

, , ,
: . . . .
. .
,

.
.
.
. , . . . , ,
.
11.1.
, LATEX-
. , , . ,
, .
, , ,
.
148
11.
() , ,
. :
( ), 1 ( ), ( ),
( ) ( ).
11.1.
,
.
, , ,
.

. . . .
, ,
. 0.1, .1.
. . . , ..
,
.
, , . .
11.2. tabbing
, ,
tabbing.
1 - . . [11] ,
, , .
11.3. tabular array

\begin{tabbing}
MMMMM \= MMMMM \=
\kill
\textbf{\ } \> \>
\> \> \\
\> \>
\end{tabbing}
149
\\

\=. \kill, , , . ,
\>, \\.
, , .
tabbing
. , , .
LATEX .
, . tabbing
.
LATEX tabbing .
(\) (\ \). / \pushtabs/\poptabs.
11.3. tabular array

LATEX
tabular. array tabular,
, .
\centering
\begin{tabular}[c]{l|ll}
\textbf{\ } & & \\[2mm]\hline
& & \\
& &
\end{tabular}
& .
\\.
150
11.
. .
tabular .
table:
\ b e g i n { t a b l e } [ ht ]
\ c e n t e r i n g%
\ b e g i n { t a b u l a r } [ ] { }

\ end { t a b u l a r }
\ c a p t i o n {}\ l a b e l { tab : metka }
\ end { t a b l e }
. tabular ,
:
t , , ;
c ;
b .
,
.
:
l (left)
;
c (center) ;
r (right) ;
p{} .
.
, :
{n}{ }
n . .
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|*{3}{c|}}
\textbf{} & & \\[2mm]
\hline\hline
& & \\
& &
\end{tabular}
11.3. tabular array
151

|. || . \hline.
.
@{} , . , .
, -
, ,
.
\centering
\begin{tabular}{c||p{2cm}@{$\pm$\ }r|}
\textbf{} & & \\[2mm]
\cline{2-3}
& & \\
\cline{1-1}\cline{3-3}
& & \\ \cline{2-2}

\end{tabular}
,
\ cline { }.
array tools
, tabular, :
m{} , p{},
;
b{} , m{},
.
, array, array.pdf.
tabular .
, :
\centering
\begin{tabular}{r}\hline\hline
\footnote{ }.\\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
a .
a
, ,
, , Publication quality tables in LATEX (booktabs.pdf),
(Simon Fear) booktabs.
, .
152
11.
1.

. 11.1. \caption

1.
. 11.2.
\topcaption topcapt
11.3.1.
(. 5.4.4). ,
, .
, , , .

topcapt, \topcaption,
\caption:
\ b e g i n { t a b l e } [ ht ]
\ t o p c a p t i o n {}\ l a b e l { tab : metka }
\ begin { tabular }
...
\ end { t a b l e }
topcapt , \caption . 11.1 11.2
. ,
:
\ begin { table }
\ s e t l e n g t h {\ a b o v e c a p t i o n s k i p }{0 pt }
\ s e t l e n g t h {\ b e l o w c a p t i o n s k i p }{10 pt }
\ c a p t i o n {}\ l a b e l { tab : metka }
\ begin { tabular }
...
\ end { t a b l e }
11.3. tabular array
153
11.3.2.
(), , . :
;
.
, , . .
hhline tools \hhline, , .
hhline.pdf . arydshln
. arydshln-man.pdf .
cellspace
:
\begin{tabular}{c}\hline
$\displaystyle
e = 1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{6}+\cdots
+ \frac{1}{k!} + \cdots $ \\\hline
\end{tabular}
=1+
1
1
1
+ + +
+
2
6
!
cellspace. , ,
:
\begin{tabular}{Sc}\hline
$\displaystyle
e = 1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{6}+\cdots
+ \frac{1}{k!} + \cdots $ \\\hline
\end{tabular}
=1+
1
1
1
+ + +
+
2
6
!
l, c r Sl, Sc Sr . S, , S{p{3cm}}.
11.3.3.
\multicolumn{n}{ }{}, : \multirow{n}{}{} .
154
11.
\multicolumn:
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|*{3}{c|}}
\textbf{} & & \\[2mm]
\hline\hline
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{} \\
& &
\end{tabular}
,
, .
\multirow multirow:
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|*{3}{p{1cm}|}}
\textbf{} & & \\[2mm]
\hline\hline
& \multirow{2}{1cm}{} & \\
&
&
\end{tabular}
README .
:
\ multirow { }{}{}
\ multirow { }{}
, , ,
. .
. ,
colortbl:
\centering %
\begin{tabular}{c>{\columncolor{yellow}}cc}
\backslashbox{}{} & & \\
\rowcolor{yellow}
&
& \\
& \multirow{-2}*{} &

\end{tabular}
PP
PP
PP
colortbl .
colortbl.pdf .
\backslashbox{}{},
, slashbox. . slashbox.tex.
11.3. tabular array
155
lh makecell.
\makecell, , . .
. (makecell.pdf)
(makecell-rus.tex).
11.3.4.
. ,

.
dcolumn tools :
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|l|D{.}{,}{5}|}
0.3141 & 0.3141 & 0.3141 \\
3.141 & 3.141 & 3.141 \\
31.415 & 31.415 & 31.41 \\
\end{tabular}
0.3141
3.141
31.415
0.3141
3.141
31.415
0,3141
3,141
31,41
: D{delim}{output}{nfruc}, delim , ( ), output , delim (, ), nfrac

(
). dcolumn.pdf.
numprint ( numprint.pdf)
. \numprint :
\numprint[\text{}/\text{}]{299792458}\par
\numprint{2.718281828459045}\par
\numprint{6e23}\par
\numprint{+-0.02}
299 792 458 /

2,718 281 828 459 045
6 1023
0,02
,
. numprint n . ,
, .
156
11.
n- numprint:
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|n{3}{4}|n{2}{3}|n{1}{2}|}
0.3141 & 0.3141 & 0.3141 \\
3.141 & 3.141 & 3.141 \\
31.41 & 31.41 & 31.41 \\
314.1 & 314.1 & 314.1 \\
\end{tabular}
0,314 1
0,314 1 0,314 1
3,141
3,141 3,141
31,41
31,41 31,41
314,1
314,1 314,1
rccol , dcolumn, . ,
, . rccol,
rccol.pdf, .
, .
warpcol . warpcol.pdf
, .
11.3.5.
CSV ( . Comma Separated Values , )
, .
csvtools.
csvtools.pdf , , tex-.
11.3.6. tabular
tabularx tools tabular , X.
\centering
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|D{.}{,}{4}|X|c|}
0.3141 & & 0.3141 \\
3.141\footnote{ tabularx
}
& 3.141 & 3.141
\end{tabularx}
0,3141
3,141a
3.141
0.3141
3.141
a
tabularx

tabularx .
X p{}, ,
11.4.
157
. , X,
. , ,
(tabularx.pdf).
tabulary tabular, array.
.
tabulary.pdf. .
ctable . \ctable, tabular table.
\ctable
. ctable.pdf.
11.4.
tabular ,
.

: supertabular longtable, .
,
.
, , . : supertabular.pdf supertabular longtable.pdf longtable
tools.
longtable supertabular , LATEX.
, .
supertabular supertabular
mpsupertabular,
minipage, .
xtab
, , xtab.
supertabular . xtab mpxtabular,
xtabular ,
158
11.
minipage, ,
.
xtab :
%
\ t o p c a p t i o n { } \ l a b e l { tab : xtab }
%
\ t a b l e f i r s t h e a d {\ h l i n e & \\\ h l i n e }
%
%
\ t a b l e h e a d {\ multicolumn {2}{ c }%
{\ tablename \ \ t h e t a b l e {} " }\\
\ hline
& \\ \ h l i n e }
%
%
\ t a b l e l a s t h e a d {\ multicolumn {2}{ c }%
{\ tablename \ \ t h e t a b l e {} " }\\
\ hline
& \\ \ h l i n e }
%
\ t a b l e t a i l {\ h l i n e \ multicolumn { 2 } { | r | }%
{ }\\ \ h l i n e }
%
\ t a b l e l a s t t a i l {\ h l i n e }
\ begin { center }
\ begin { xtabular }{| l | p{0.5\ textwidth }|}
x t a b u l a r & t a b u l a r .
,
t a b u l a r , x t a b u l a r \\
...
\\
\ end { x t a b u l a r }
, , xtab.pdf.
11.5.
159
11.5.
,
. \tableofcontents, \listoffigures \listoftables .
\centering
\begin{tabular}{p{0.7\textwidth}@{}r}
1\dotfill & 2 \\
2\dotfill & 10 \\
3\dotfill & 124
\end{tabular}
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
\dotfill ( ).
listliketab
listliketab
, .
:
\ s t o r e s t y l e o f { enumerate }
\ begin { l i s t l i k e t a b }
\ newcounter {tabenum }\ s e t c o u n t e r {tabenum }{0}
\newcommand{\ nextnum }{\ a d d t o c o u n t e r {tabenum }{1}\ thetabenum . }
\ b e g i n { t a b u l a r }{L>{\ b f }l@{~~~~}>{\ b f }l@{~~~~}>{\ b f } l }
\nextnum &
& & \\
\nextnum & & & \\
\nextnum & &
& \\
\ end { l i s t l i k e t a b }
\nextnum .
:
1.
2.
3.
listliketab.pdf
160
11.
11.6. ?
tableaux tabvar
.
.
!
32
()
() +
&
0 +
+
& &
3
2
tabvar tableaux. tabvar.pdf demo.tex.

, -
. pb-diagram ,
:
9.3%
- 0
65 .
6104
420
6.6103
?
/
5
710-
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.
, ,
,
, .

, , , .
. , .
- . , - , , , , , ,
.
, .
,
.
162
12. -
12.1.
\tableofcontents (toc-) LATEX . \listoffigures
(lof-) \listoftables (lot-).
, 10.5.
- \addtocontents{toc}{}. toc () lof
( ) lot ( ). ,
\protect,
.
shorttoc

. shorttoc :
\ s h o r t t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s { }{1}
, .
(\section), 1.
, tocdepth.
tocloft
. tocloft , ,
. tocloft.pdf. ,
Z, toc or
lof lot, X part, chap, sec, subsec, subsubsec,
fig, tab . , ,
:
\ a d d t o l e n g t h {\ c f t s e c n u m w i d t h }{1 ex }
,
() :
\renewcommand{\ c f t d o t }{\ ensuremath {\ a s t }}
:
\renewcommand{\ c f t c h a p l e a d e r }{\ c f t d o t f i l l {\ c f t c h a p d o t s e p }}
\renewcommand{\ c f t c h a p d o t s e p }{\ c f t d o t s e p }
12.1.
163
tocbibind
1 . \addcontentsline,
, ,
tocbibind. tocbibind
:
notbib
;
notindex ;
nottoc
;
notlot
;
notlof
;
chapter , , ;
section , , ;
numbib
, ;
numindex , ;
none
, .
tocbibind.pdf.
minitoc
, minitoc
6 .
:
\ d o m i n i t o c %
\ d o m i n i l o f %
\ d o m i n i l o t %
\ t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s %
\listoffigures
%
\listoftables
%
\ c h a p t e r { }
\ m i n i t o c %
\ mtcskip
\ m i n i l o f %
\ mtcskip
\ m i n i l o t %
minitoc.pdf.
1 KOMA-Script bibtotoc
idxtotoc .
164
12. -
12.2.

. ,
myheadings :
\ p a g e s t y l e { myheadings }
\ markboth { }{ }
, \markright,
. fancyhdr.
fancyhdr
,
\pagestyle .
..
112
..
cxii
fancyheadings
. 12.1. fancyhdr
fancyhdr . : , , , \textwidth,
, ,
( , , ). fancyhdr:
\ usepackage { fancyhdr }
...
\ p a g e s t y l e {empty} %
\ p a g e s t y l e { f a n c y } %
12.2.
165
\ l h e a d {. . }
%
\ chead{~\a r a b i c { page}~} %
\ rhead {}
%
%
\ c f o o t {~\roman{ page}~}
\ l f o o t {\ h s p a c e { 0 . 7cm} }
\ r f o o t { \ t e x t b f { f a n c y h e a d i n g s }}
. 12.1. page
.
/ , , :
\ rhead [ ] { }
, , .
, ,
fancyhdr.pdf.
nccfancyhdr
nccfancyhdr ncctools
fancyhdr. nccfancyhdr , fancyhdr. nccfancyhdr.pdf , , ,
, , .
technics
fancyhdr technics.
, . 12.2.
. ,
inputenc. fancyhdr, technics.sty .
166
12. -
. . E.M.Baldin@inp.nsk.su
technics
30 2007 .
2007
. 12.2. technics
12.3.
. .
. -, , -, , -,
.
.

\ c i t e [ ] { }
BibTEX, 12.4, thebibliography:
\ c i t e [ ] { rozenko 2005}.
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12.4. BibTEX
171
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12. -
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13.1.
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183
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184
13.
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&\dif{x}\quad \Dif{X}\\
&\od{f}{x}\quad \od[2]{f}{x}\\
&\pd{f}{x}\quad \pd[2]{f}{x}\quad
\md{f}{5}{x}{2}{y}{3}\\
&\eval[0]{f(x)}_{x=0}\quad
\eval[2]{f(x)}_{x=0}\quad
\eval{f(x)}_{x=0}\\
&\fullfunction{f}
{\mathbb R}{\mathbb R}{x}{\sqrt{x}}
\end{split}\]
dx
DX
df
dx
d2 f
dx2
f
x
2 f
x2
5 f
x2 y 3
f (x)|x=0
f
f (x)
f (x)
x=0
R
x
x=0
192
13.
esdiff
\frac{\partial^3 f}{\partial x\,\ partial y^2}? , , , esdiff :
\[\begin{split}
&\diff{f}{x}\quad\diff[n]{f}{x}\quad
\diff*{f}{x}{x_0}\quad\diff*[n]{f}{x}{x_0}\\
&\diffp{f}{x}\quad\diffp[3]{f}{x}\quad
\diffp{f}{{x^3}{y^2}}\quad\diffp*{P}{V}{T}
\end{split}\]
df
dx
dn f
dxn
f
x
3f
x3
5f
x3 y 2
df
dx
x0
dn f
dxn x0
P
V T
esdiff.dtx.
esdiff :
text
\textstyle
. \displaystyle;
italic d (). roman;
thin, med big d .
;
thinp, medp bigp , , ;
thinc, medc bigc
\ diffp {f}{{x}{y}}. .
esdiff thinc:
\ usepackage [ thinc ] { e s d i f f }

.
.
wasysym, integrals. euler,
Concrete ( concrete,
10.3 . 124).
\[%
\int\quad\iint\quad\iiint\quad\oint
\]
ZZ
ZZZ
13.3. ,
193
w
\[%\usepackage[integrals]{wasysym}
\]
\[%\usepackage{concrete}
\]
x
Z
ZZ
z
ZZZ
13.3. ,

array (. 11.3 . 149).
\[\left(\begin{array}{@{}ccc@{}}
a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}\\
a_{21}&a_{22}&a_{23}\\
a_{31}&a_{32}&a_{33} \end{array}\right)
\begin{pmatrix}x_1\\x_2\\x_3\end{pmatrix}=
\begin{pmatrix}b_1\\b_2\\b_3\end{pmatrix}\]
11
21
31
12
22
32

1
1
13
23 2 = 2
3
3
33
array @{} . array matrix

. , .
\begin{gather*}
\begin{matrix}1&2\\3&4\end{matrix}\quad
\begin{pmatrix}5&6\\7&8\end{pmatrix}\quad
\begin{bmatrix}9&A\\B&C\end{bmatrix}\\
\begin{vmatrix}D&E\\F&10\end{vmatrix}\quad
\begin{Vmatrix}11&12\\13&14\end{Vmatrix}
\end{gather*}
1
3
2
4
5
7
6
8

10
11
13
12
14
, ,
\hdotsfor[ ]{ }:
\[\left(\begin{array}{@{}llll@{}}
a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots &a_{1n}\\
a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots &a_{2n}\\
\hdotsfor[2.5]{4}\\
a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots &a_{nn}
\end{array}\right)\]
0
a11 a12
Ba21 a22
B
@ . . . . . .
an1 an2
1
. . . a1n
. . . a2n C
C
. . . . . . A
. . . ann
194
13.
tensor
tensor:
\[\begin{split}
&M\indices{â_b^{cd}_e}\quad
\tensor[â_b^c_d]{M}{â_b^c_d}\\
&\tensor*[^*_*]{\prod\nolimits}{^*_*}\quad
\tensor*{M}{*^{i_1}_{m_1}^{i_2}_{m_2}
^{i_3}_{m_3}^{i_4}_{m_4}}\\
&\tensor*[^{14}_6]{\mathrm{C}}{}\quad
\nuclide[14][6]{C}
\end{split}\]
M ab cde
Y
a c
a c
b dM b d
i1 i2 i3 i4
Mm
1 m2 m3 m4
14
14
6C
6C
\indeces,
\tensor, . ,
* , .
. \nulide.
tensor.pdf.
amscd
array, CD, amscd1 , .
\[\begin{CD}
F(X)
@V{\eta_X}VV
G(X)
\end{CD}\]
F (f )
@>{F(f)}>>
F(Y) \\
@VV{\eta_Y}V \\
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F (X)
F (Y )
?
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?
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X y
y Y
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G(f )
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. .
, , , .
, : ,
.
1 amscd -T X, amsmath
E
.
13.4.
195
amscd ,
, , xypic.

amsmath \binom,
:
( )

( + ) =

\[(x+y)^n=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}x^ky^{n-k}\]
=0
13.4.
LATEX ,
. , ,
(\ partial x\,\ partial y).
.

A B
$AB$
A B
$A B$
A B
$A\, B$
A B
$A\! B$
A B
$A\: B$
A B
$A\negmedspace B$
A B
$A\; B$
A B
$A\negthickspace B$
$A\ B$
A
B
$A\hspace{5mm}B$
B
B
$A\quad B$
$A\qquad B$
$A\hspace{5mm}B$
$A\hphantom{xyz}B$
A B
$AxyzB$
A B
\fbox.
196
13.
\hphantom.
, , . \hphantom
\vphantom \phantom.
\phantom{} ,
, \vhantom ,
.
13.5.
4, , .

, .

, amsmath. , . \allowdisplaybreaks ,
LATEX . \displaybreak,
\\.
,
equation equation*:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:ex1}
\fbox{\text{ }}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation*}%
\fbox{\text{ }}
\end{equation*}
(13.1)
align/align*:
\begin{align}
&\fbox{\text{ }}\\
&\fbox{\text{ }}\\
&\fbox{\text{ }}
\end{align}
(13.2)
(13.3)

(13.4)
align \\. &.

- . .
13.5.
197
\begin{align}
x&=\gamma(x-\beta ct) &y&=y\\
ct&=\gamma(ct-\beta x) &z&=z
\end{align}
= ( )
= ( )
(13.5)
(13.6)
align: flalign alignat. alignat , . ,

, 2, 2 2 = 4. , align/align*,
flalign/flalign* , alignat/alignat :
\begin{align*}
x&=\gamma(x-\beta ct) &\quad
ct&=\gamma(ct-\beta x)&\quad
\end{align*}
\begin{flalign*}
\end{flalign*}
\begin{alignat*}{2}
\end{alignat*}
= ( )
y&=y\\
z&=z
y&=y\\
z&=z
= ( )
= ( )
= ( )
y&=y\\
z&=z
= ( )
= ( )
=
=
, gather/gather*:
\begin{gather}
\fbox{\text{ }}\\
\fbox{\text{}}\\
\fbox{\text{}}
\end{gather}
(13.7)
(13.8)
(13.9)
multline:
\begin{multline}
\fbox{\text{}}\\
\fbox{\text{}}\\
\shoveleft{\fbox{\text{}}}\\
\fbox{\text{}}
\end{multline}
(13.10)
198
13.
multline, , . , . \shoveleft
, \shoveright, , .
split :
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&\fbox{\text{ }}\\
&\fbox{\text{ }}
\end{split}
\end{equation}

(13.11)
split
& align.
, ,
.
split , . split , .
( centertags amsmath),
amsmath tbtags, , , ,
, ( leqno amsmath).
aligned, gathered alignedat, split, :
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}[b]
x&=\gamma(x-\beta ct) \\
ct&=\gamma(ct-\beta x)
\end{aligned}\quad
\begin{gathered}[t]
y=y\\
z=z
\end{gathered}
\end{equation}
= ( )
= ( )
(13.12)
, ,
. :
[c] ( ),
[b] ,
[t] .
13.5.
199

\intertext.
\begin{align}
\begin{cases}
\dot{x}=-R\omega\sin\omega t\\
\dot{y}=\hphantom{-}R\omega\cos\omega t
\end{cases}\\
\intertext{,}
a_{\tau}=0
\end{align}
{
= sin
= cos
(13.13)
,
= 0
(13.14)
\intertext . nccmath \intertext, ,

: \intertext[]{}.
cases
.
cases
cases
cases ltxmisc numcases :
\begin{numcases}{|x|=}
x, & $x \geq 0$\\
-x, & $x < 0$
\end{numcases}
{
|| =
> 0 (13.15)
< 0 (13.16)
empheq
mh amsmath. empheq,
, :
\begin{empheq}[box=\shadowbox*]{align}
E&=mc^2 \tag{*}\\
Y&= \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^2}\notag
\end{empheq}
E = mc2
X
1
Y =
2
n
n=1
(*)
empheq.pdf .
200
13.
13.6.
, * , .
, , .
,
. \ref ,
\eqref:

~\ref{eq:num1} ~\eqref{eq:num1}.

13.17 (13.17).

. , ,
leqno, amsmath. .
,
\tag \tag* .
\notag.
\newcommand{\mft}[1]{\fbox{\text{#1}}}
\begin{gather}
\mft{{ \No 1}}\label{eq:num1}\\
\mft{{ \No 2}}\notag\\
\mft{{ \No 3}}\tag{$*$}\label{eq:num2}\\
\mft{{ \No 4}}\tag*{$*$}\\
\mft{{ \No 5}}\tag{\ref{eq:num1}$$}\\
\mft{{ \No 6}}\tag{\ref{eq:num2}$$}
\end{gather}
(13.17)
2
3
4
5
6
(*)
*
(13.17 )
(* )
\tag \ref .

.
- , , , .
, , , deleq. deleq.dvi.
amsmath subequations, .
13.7.
\begin{equation}
\fbox{\text{ \No 1}}
\end{equation}
\begin{subequations}
\label{eq:num3}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:num3-1}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\end{equation}
\end{subequations}\par
~\eqref{eq:num3},

~\eqref{eq:num3-1}.
201
(13.18)
(13.19a)
(13.19b)
(13.19), (13.19a).
, \theequation, :
\renewcommand{\ t h e e q u a t i o n }
{\ t h e p a r e n t e q u a t i o n \ asbuk { e q u a t i o n }}
.
LATEX
, TEX- LATEX TEX.
13.7.
9.3 . 109,
beamer, \newtheorem:
\newtheorem{Thexmpl}{}
\begin{Thexmpl}[ ]
\label{th:Pythagor}
.
\end{Thexmpl}
\begin{Thexmpl}
\label{th:WisdomLaw}
,
.
\end{Thexmpl}
:
~\ref{th:Pythagor},
: ~\ref{th:WisdomLaw}.
1 ( ).

.
2. ,
.
:
1, : 2.
202
13.
\newtheorem :
\ newtheorem {}{}
\ newtheorem { } [ ] { }
\ newtheorem {}{ } [ ]
.
, .
(, section). .
\newtheorem ,
:
\ b e g i n { } [ ]

\ end {}
nccthm ncctools , . nccthm.pdf [10].
14

+++ .
+++

-
, . . TEX .
. LATEX
.
14.1.
LATEX . , ,
.
, .
-
.
,
. , -
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204
14.
verbatim

verbatim,
.
\verb!!.
\verb ( !),
.
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verbatim tools ,
.
\verbatiminput,
.
, , \verb*/\verbatiminput*
verbatim*. *- ,
(\textvisiblespace).
\begin{verbatim*}
\textbf{verbatim}
\end{verbatim*}
\LaTeX{}
\textbf{verbatim}\LaTeX{}
altt
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LATEX , ,
, .
\begin{alltt}
\textbf{altt}
\end{alltt}
\LaTeX{}
altt
LATEX
fancyvrb.
fancyvrb.pdf.
listings
listings .
1 , ,
.
, , , , .
1
listings.pdf.
14.1.
205
listings :
Listing 14.1. listings
\ usepackage { l i s t i n g s }
% listings
\ l s t l o a d l a n g u a g e s { [ LaTeX ] TeX , bash , MetaPost , P e r l , C++,make}
%
\ l s t s e t { l a n g u a g e =[LaTeX ] TeX , %
e x t e n d e d c h a r s=t r u e , %
e s c a p e c h a r =| ,
% | LATEX|
frame=tb ,
%
commentstyle=\i t s h a p e , %
s t r i n g s t y l e =\ b f s e r i e s } %
2 \lstloadlanguages. .
\lstset , . .
, , extendedchars=true3 .
escapechar LATEX
. , , LATEX. , (
|) , . escapechar,
escapechar
.
2 listings 1.3c ( ): ABAP, ACSL, Ada (83, 95), Algol (60, 68), Ant, Assembler (x86masm), Awk (gnu, POSIX),
bash, Basic (Visual), C (ANSI, Handel, Objective, Sharp), C++ (ANSI, GNU, ISO, Visual), Caml
(light, Objective), Clean, Cobol (1974, 1985, ibm), Comal 80, csh, Delphi, Eiffel, Elan, erlang,
Euphoria, Fortran (77, 90, 95), GCL, Gnuplot, Haskell, HTML, IDL (empty, CORBA), inform,
Java (empty, AspectJ), JVMIS, ksh, Lisp (empty, Auto), Logo, make (empty, gnu), Mathematica
(1.0, 3.0), Matlab, Mercury, MetaPost, Miranda, Mizar, ML, Modula-2, MuPAD, NASTRAN,
Oberon-2, OCL (decorative, OMG), Octave, Oz, Pascal (Borland6, Standard, XSC), Perl, PHP,
PL/I, Plasm, POV, Prolog, Promela, Python, R, Reduce, Rexx, RSL, Ruby, S (empty, PLUS),
SAS, Scilab, sh, SHELXL, Simula (67, CII, DEC, IBM), SQL, tcl (empty, tk), TeX (AlLaTeX,
common, LaTeX, plain, primitive), VBScript, Verilog, VHDL (empty, AMS), VRML (97), XML,
XSLT.
3 ,
LATEX .
206
14.
frame=<POSITION>
. t , b , l
r . frame=trbl
. frame= . frame=TRBL,
. .
, listings, lst. \lstinline!! \verb!!.

lstlisting:
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Perl,
frame=tlBR,
caption={ }]
#
if (open(CHECK,"<$file")) {
$cmd=$term->readline
("Overwrite (yes/NO): ");
if (lc($cmd) ne "yes") {die;}
close(CHECK);}
Listing 14.2.
#
i f ( open (CHECK, "< $ f i l e " ) ) {
$cmd=$term>r e a d l i n e
( " O v e r w r i t e ( y e s /NO) : " ) ;
i f ( l c ( $cmd ) ne " y e s " ) { d i e ; }
c l o s e (CHECK) ; }
\end{lstlisting}
, . , language
, , frame
, caption .
\lstinputlisting:
%
\ l s t s e t { numbers=l e f t , l a n g u a g e=MetaPost ,
%
%
b a c k g r o u n d c o l o r=\ c o l o r { y e l l o w } ,
frame=shadowbox , r u l e s e p c o l o r =\ c o l o r { b l a c k }}
%
\ l s t i n p u t l i s t i n g [ f i r s t l i n e =16 , l a s t l i n e =24 ,
emph={ f o r s u f f i x e s , t e x t , bpath } ,
emphstyle ={\ b f s e r i e s \ s c s h a p e } ,
emph = { [ 2 ] f i l l , u n f i l l } ,
emphstyle = { [ 2 ] \ b f s e r i e s \ underbar } ] { i n t r o .mp}
1
2
3
v a r d e f drawshadowed ( expr dx , dy ) ( text t ) =

fixsize (t );
forsuffixes s=t :
14.2. LCD-
207
4
f i l l bpath. s s h i f t e d ( dx , dy ) ;
5
u n f i l l bpath. s ;
6
drawboxed ( s ) ;
7 %
draw p i c ( s ) w i t h c o l o r r e d ; %
8
endfor ;
9 enddef ;
firstline secondline ,
.
. numbers=left .
\color,
. -
, backgroundcolor. emph=< >.
,
. emphstyle
.
, , .
float,
.
. , , \lstdefinelanguage. ,
.
14.2. LCD-
LCD- . , - .
LATEX lcd.
\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0.22,0.26,0.19}
\definecolor{lightgreen}{rgb}{0.05,0.97,0.55}
\LCDcolors{darkgreen}{lightgreen}
\centering
\LARGE\textLCD{12}|Linux Format|\\[2mm]
\LCDcolors{white}{darkgreen}
\small\textLCD{12}|Linux Format|
\definecolor color. \LCDcolors , \textLCD

LCD- . \textLCD -
208
14.
,
.
, .
\DefineLCDchar. ,
5 7 . ,
, , . ,
.
\DefineLCDchar{yo}{01010000001111110001111001000111111}
. 14.1. LCD
\LCD,
,
, - .
,
.
\DefineLCDchar{yo}{01010000001111110001111001000111111}
\definecolor{lightblue}{rgb}{0.9,0.91,0.99}
\definecolor{darkblue}{rgb}{0.14,0.2,0.66}
\LCDcolors{darkblue}{lightblue}
\LCDframe
\setlength{\LCDunitlength}{1.1mm}
\LCD{2}{4}|LF {yo} |
|zone |
14.3.
,
,
. bytefield.
bytefield:
\ b e g i n { b y t e f i e l d }{ }

\ end { b y t e f i e l d }
14.3.
209
15 16
31
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h
h
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65.527
14.1. UDP
bytefield \wordbox \bitbox, , :
\ wordbox [ ] { }{}
\ b i t b o x [ ] { }{}

. [lrtb] , : l , r , t b .
\\.
UDP4 :
\ b e g i n { b y t e f i e l d }{32}
\ bitheader {0 ,15 ,16 ,31}\\
\ b e g i n { r i g h t w o r d g r o u p }{ }
\ b i t b o x {16}{ }\ b i t b o x {16}{ }\\
\ b i t b o x {16}{ }\ b i t b o x {16}{ }
\ end { r i g h t w o r d g r o u p }\\
\ wordbox [ l r t ] { 1 } { }\\
\ s k i p p e d w o r d s \\
\ wordbox [ l r b ] { 1 } { 6 5 { . } 5 2 7 }
\ end { b y t e f i e l d }
UDP
\bitheader, \wordgroupr \skippedwords .
\bitheader , , , {0-31}.
rightwordgroup
4 User
Datagram Protocol IP.
210
14.
leftwordgroup ,
, .
.
14.4.
, , . . TEX .
LATEX . , , .
.
algorithms
algorithms , .
. algorithmic. .
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\IF{$i\leqslant0$} \STATE $i\gets1$ \ELSE
\IF{$i\geqslant0$} \STATE $i\gets0$
\COMMENT{ ~ }
\ENDIF
\ENDIF
\ENSURE $i\geqslant0$
\FORALL{$\xi \in \mathcal{A}$}
\STATE $\mathcal{B}\gets\xi^2$
\ENDFOR
\RETURN $\mathcal{B}$
\end{algorithmic}
1: if 6 0 then
2:
1
3: else
4:
if > 0 then
5:
0 {

}
6:
end if
7: end if
Ensure: > 0
8: for all do
9:
2
10: end for
11: return
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1, , 2 ,
.
\STATE . \IF{<>}, \ELSIF{<>}, \ELSE \ENDIF.
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\ENDLOOP. \REQUIRE, ,
14.4.
211
, \ENSURE, \RETURN,
\PRINT \COMMENT.
, .
. , . : algorithms.pdf.
algorithmic ,
algorithm,
. algorithm \caption
\label.
algorithms
algorithms algorithmicx.
.
,
. , Pascal, , .
algorithms. algorithm2e. C-.
.
. algorithms.
clrscode
clrscode ,
5 : . , . , . .
.
\begin{codebox}
\Procname{
$\proc{ }$}
\li \For $j \gets 2$ \To $\id{length}[A]$
\li \Do $\id{key} \gets A[j]$
\li $i \gets j-1$
\li \While $i > 0$ and $A[i] > \id{key}$
\li \Do $A[i+1] \gets A[i]$
\li $i \gets i-1$ \End
\li $A[i+1] \gets \id{key}$ \End
\end{codebox}

1 for j 2 to length[A]
2
do key A[j]
3
ij1
4
while i > 0 and A[i] > key
5
do A[i + 1] A[i]
6
ii1
7
A[i + 1] key
5 Introduction to algorithms, Second Edition Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald

L. Rivest, Clifford Stein.
212
14.
pseudocode
. (Donald L. Kreher) . (Douglas R. Stinson) Combinatorial Algorithms: Generation,
Enumeration and Search. , : pseudocode. .
,
2005 . .
\begin{pseudocode}{C2F\_}
{\text{}, \text{}}
\PROCEDURE{C2F}{c}
\COMMENT{
$^\circ$$\to$$^\circ$F}\\
f \GETS {9c/5} + 32\\
\RETURN{f}
\ENDPROCEDURE
\MAIN
x \GETS \text{} \\
\WHILE x \leqslant \text{} \DO
\BEGIN
\OUTPUT{x, \CALL{C2F}{x}}\\
x \GETS x+1
\END
\ENDMAIN
\end{pseudocode}
Algorithm 0.1.1: C2F_(, )

procedure C2F(c)
comment: F
f 9c/5 + 32
return (f )
main
x
whilex 6
output (x, C2F(x))
do
xx+1
14.5.
, .
, ,
, .
change log.
:
;
;
;
.
14.5.
213

vhistory
.
Jochen Wertenauer
1.2 29/09/07
()
1.0
1.1
1.2
22/01/04
21/07/07
29/09/07
JW
JW
JW, EMB
owncaptions

. 14.2. vhistory
versionhistory.
\vhEntry:
\ vhEntry {}{}{()}{}
() , . |. :
\ vhEntry { 1 . 1 } { 1 3 . 0 5 . 0 4 } {JW|AK|KL}{ Typos c o r r e c t e d . }
vhistory,
. 14.2.
%
% o w n c a p t i o n s
\ usepackage [ owncaptions ] { v h i s t o r y }
|\ ldots |
%
%
\newcommand{\JW}{ Jochen Wertenauer }
\newcommand{\EMB}{ . }
214
14.
{\renewcommand{\ s e t s e p a r a t o r }{ \and }
\ t i t l e { \ t e x t b f { v h i s t o r y }}
\ a u t h o r {\ v h L i s t A l l A u t h o r s L o n g }
\ d a t e { \ v h C u r r e n t V e r s i o n {} \ vhCurrentDate }
\ maketitle
}
% .
\renewcommand{\ vhhistoryname }{ }
\renewcommand{\ vhversionname }{ }
\renewcommand{\ vhdatename }{}
\renewcommand{\ vhauthorname }{ () }
\renewcommand{\ vhchangename }{ }
%
\ begin { v e r s i o n h i s t o r y }
\ vhEntry { 1 . 0 } { 2 2 / 0 1 / 0 4 } {JW}{ }
\ vhEntry { 1 . 1 } { 2 1 / 0 7 / 0 7 } {JW}{ o w n c a p t i o n s }
\ vhEntry { 1 . 2 } { 2 9 / 0 9 / 0 7 } {JW|EMB}{ }
\ end { v e r s i o n h i s t o r y }
\vhCurrentVersion \vhCurrentDate.
. (. 12.2).
\vhListAllAuthorsLong ,
\newcommand.
, TEX Live 2007, -
owncaptions, .
21/07/2007 1.3
CTAN ({CTAN}/macros/latex/contrib/vhistory.zip).
vhistory vh_sets_en.pdf.
14.6. LATEX
LATEX- .
.
. Subversion svn,
svn6 .
6 cvs (Concurrent Versions System), rcs rcsinfo.
14.6. LATEX
215
\ u s e p a c k a g e { svn }
\SVN $ Date $
\SVN $Rev$
, \SVN.
Subversion :
> svn p r o p s e t svn : keywords " Date Rev"
> svn commit m " "
svn , commit. Date Rev

.
> svn h e l p p r o p s e t
\SVN $Date$ \SVNDate \SVNTime, .
\SVN $Keyword$, Keyword svn, : \SVNKeyword.
:
\SVN $Date: 2006-11-25 21:02:20 +0600 $
\SVN $Rev: 265 $
\SVNDate\ \SVNTime
25 2006 .
21:02:20
265
\SVNRev
svninfo.
, LATEX ,
. . ,
. LATEX , , , .
15

,
:
-
, .

LATEX ,
.
15.1.
.
, , , - 1 :
\[\mathbf{p}\psi(\mathbf{x})
\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}
\bra{\mathbf{x}} \mathbf{p} \ket{\psi} =
-i \hbar \nabla \psi(x)\]
def
p(x) = hx| p |i = i~(x)
, , , ,
.
, .
1 \bra \ket braket ltxmisc.
braket.sty.
218
15.
15.1.1.
8.417-2002.
,
, . , , , .
, . \text (. 4.2).
,
. , . :
$25\,\text{}/\text{}$ (25 /), $36{,}6^{\circ}$ (36,6 ).
, , : $(1/60)\,\text{}^{1}$, (1/60) 1 .
($(100.0\pm 0.1)\,\text{}$, (100.0 0.1) )

: $50\,\text{}\pm1\,\text{}$ (50 1 ).
, , : $\text{}\cdot\text{}$ ( ).
( ). ,
, .
: /( ), : //, / .
, ( ):
2 1 , 2 . ( ).
, : / ( ).
. : /, : /.
15.1.
219
SIstyle
,
. SIstyle, sistyle.sty.
: \SI , \num ( ) \ang
.
\SI{}{m.kg/(\text{}^3.A)}\quad
\SI{}{(MPa)^{0\pnt 5}}\quad
\SI{}{(MPa)^{\num{0.5}}}\par
$v=\SI{10}{m.s^{-1}}$\quad
$v=\SI{10}{m/s}$\quad
$v=\SI{10}{\tfrac{m}{s}}$\par
\ang{45}\quad \ang{10; 12; 4}
mkg/(3 A) (MPa)0.5 (MPa)0.5

v = 10 ms1 v = 10 m/s v = 10 ms
45 1012 4
\text, .
SIstyle-2.3.pdf ( 2.3 ) ,
.
SIunits (SIunits.pdf).
unitsdef (unitsdef.pdf) .
units (units.pdf).
15.1.2.

LATEX. ,
, http://arxiv.org2 .
hepparticles
, , (, ) ,
, , , .
2 ,
02/02/2008 461,639 , , ,
.
LATEX-. . , - pdf- PostScript-.
220
15.
hepparticles , :
\begin{itemize}
\item :
\HepParticle{B}{d}{0},
\HepAntiParticle{B}{d}{0}
\item :
\HepGenParticle{q}{d}{},
\HepGenAntiParticle{\ell}{\mu}{}
\item SUSY"=:
\HepSusyParticle{\chi}{1}{},
\HepGenSusyParticle{q}{2}{}
\item :
\HepParticleResonance{J\!/\psi}{1S}{}{\star}
\item :
\HepProcess{\HepParticle{B}{d}{0} \HepTo
\HepParticle{K}{}{-}\HepParticle{\pi}{}{+}}.
\end{itemize}
:
B0d, B 0d
: qd,
SUSY-:
e 1, qe2
: J/(1S)
: B0d K +.
, , \HepProcess \HepTo.
hepparticles.pdf.

, , , ,
.
feyn. ,
feyn.pdf .
feyn:
:
$\Feyn{fs f gl f glu f fs}$
:
\[\Diagram{\vertexlabelâ \\
fd \\
& g\vertexlabel_{\mu,c} \\
\vertexlabel_b fu\\
} = ig\gamma_\mu (T^c)_{ab}\]
:
:
efo
fw
fe
= ig (T c )ab
,c

feynmp feynmf . 1995 .
(Torsten Ohl), , () . LATEX -
15.1.
221
, MetaPost3 .
, + Br(/ + )
:
e+
e + e
e
e+
J/
Bre+ e
e
. 15.1. ( feynmp)
, , . eepsiee.tex:
% e e p s i e e . t e x
\ u s e p a c k a g e { feynmp } %
...
\ b e g i n { f m f f i l e }{ eep s i e e } % mp
\ b e g i n { fmfgraph } ( 1 1 0 , 6 2 ) %
\ f m f l e f t { e i , p i } % ( )
\ f m f r i g h t { eo , po} % ( )
\ f m f l a b e l {$ e^$}{ e i } %
\ f m f l a b e l {$ e^+$}{ p i } % +
\ f m f l a b e l {$ e^+$}{po} %
\ f m f l a b e l {$ e^$}{ eo } %
% ,
\ fmf { f e r m i o n }{ e i , J i , p i }
% ,
\ fmf { f e r m i o n }{ po , Jo , eo }
%
\ f m f l a b e l {$\Gamma_{\ e e }$}{ J i }
%
\ f m f l a b e l {$ Br_{\ e e }$}{ Jo }
%
\ fmf { heavy , l a b e l =$J /\ p s i $}{ J i , Jo }
3 Linux Format , MetaPost . CC-BY-SA 3.0
http://www.inp.nsk.su/~baldin/mpost/.
222
15.
\ end { fmfgraph }
\ end { f m f f i l e }
ei Jo
. .
fmffile mp-, META. ee-psi-ee.mp. ,
eepsiee.tex, :
#
>
#
>
#
>
eep s i e e .mp
l a t e x e e p s i e e . tex
eps eep s i e e .mp
mpost eep s i e e .mp

l a t e x e e p s i e e . tex
mpost MetaPost. mpost LATEX.

xdvi dvi- PostScript pdf.
,
feynmf manual.ps.gz.
isotope
, , , . isotope (
isotope.dtx) \isotope,
:
\isotope{Ra}\quad \isotope[228]{Ra}\quad
\isotope[228][88]{Ra}
\[\isotope[A][Z]{X}\to
\isotope[A-4][Z-2]{Y}+\isotope[4][2]{\alpha}\]
Ra
A
ZX
228
Ra
228
88 Ra
4
A4
Z2 Y + 2
15.1.3.
- ,
, LATEX .
circ ,
, ,
. LATEX
circ . , . circ.
15.1.
223
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ b a s i c , box , gate , o l d g a t e , i c , o p t i c s , p h y s i c s ] { c i r c }
:
basic
: , , , , ;
box
, , ;
gate
;
oldgate , ;
ic
( );
optics ;
physics - .
circuit. \begin{circuit} 0 4.
0. .
\begin{circuit}0
\npn1 {?} B l % .
\frompin npn1C %
\- 1 u
% .
\nl\A1 {$I_C$} u % , A1.
\atpin npn1B
%
\- 1 l
% .
\R1 {510 } l % R1.
\- 1 l
% .
\centerto A1
% A1.
\nl\A2 {$I_B$} u % A2.
\frompin A2b % A2 ()
IB A
IC
\vtopin R1l % R1 ().
\frompin A1t % A2 ()
R1
\- 1 u
% .
\.1
% ( ).
510
\frompin A2t % A2
\vtopin .1
% .
\htopin .1
%
\- 1 u
%
\cc\connection1 {$U_b$} c u % .
\frompin npn1E %
\- 1 d
%
\GND1
% .
\end{circuit}
Ub

circ.dvi.
.
224
15.
timeDiv :
5ms/div
Channel A :
1 V/div
Channel B :
1 V/div
XY
ON
F1
F2
OffsetA
0
. 15.2. ( pst-optic)
OffsetB
0
OffsetC
0
. 15.3.
( pst-osci)
-, pst-circ.
pst-circ-doc.pdf
.
MetaPost makecirc.
MakeCirc-en.pdf
15.1.4.
,
.
circ, PSTricks, pst-optic ( pst-optic.pdf,
pst-optic-examples.pdf). , . 15.2 :
\ t e l e s c o p e [ m i r r o r F o c u s =6, posMirrorTwo =5,yBottom=5]
pst-osci. . 15.3
:
\ O s c i l l o [ a m p l i t u d e 1=3.5 , phase 1=90 , a m p l i t u d e 2=3.5 ,
p e r i o d 1=25 , p e r i o d 2=5 , phase 2=60 , L i s s a j o u s=t r u e ]
, , . ,
, pst-osci.pdf
15.2.
225
15.2.
. . : , ,
. , , ,
, .
15.2.1.
, -
, . .
PSTricks, pst-labo, 15.1.4,
.
\psset{glassType=ballon,
unit=0.5cm,
becBunsen,
pince=true}
\pstChauffageTube[becBunsen,
barbotage]
, , , , ,
pst-labo-docEN.pdf.
15.2.2.
, ,
.
.
LATEX.
:
$\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$
$3\,\mathrm{Cr}_2\mathrm{O}_7^{2-}$
1
H O
2 2
3 Cr2 O2
7
, .
226
15.
mhchem
mhchem : mhchem.sty rsphrase.sty.
mhchem \ce \bond, . :
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ v e r s i o n =3]{mhchem}
. ,
, .
\ce -
:
H2 O
H+
AgCl2
Y99+
H2 (aq)
(NH4 )2 S
KCr(SO4 )2 12 H2 O
KCr(SO4 )2 12 H2 O
RNO2
-Cl

\ce{H2O}
Sb2 O3
\ce{H+}
CrO24
\ce{AgCl2}
[AgCl2 ]
\ce{Y^{99}+}
Y99+
\ce{H2_{(aq)}}
NO3
\ce{(NH4)2S}
\ce{Sb2O3}
\ce{CrO4^2}
\ce{[AgCl2]}
\ce{Y^{99+}}
\ce{NO3}
\ce{KCr(SO4)212H2O}
\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}
\ce{RNO2^{.}}
\ce{$\mu\hyphen$Cl}
2 H2 O
\ce{2H2O}
1
2 H2 O
\ce{1/2H2O}
XY
Z
\ce{X=Y#Z}
+
227
90Th
C6 H5 CHO
\ce{^{227}_{90}Th+}
\ce{C6H5CHO}
\bond:
\ce{A\sbond B\dbond C\tbond D}\\
\ce{A\bond{-}B\bond{=}C\bond{#}D}\\
\ce{A\bond{~}B\bond{~-}C}\\
\ce{A\bond{~=}B\bond{~--}C\bond{-~-}D}\\
\ce{A\bond{...}B\bond{....}C}\\
\ce{A\bond{->}B\bond{<-}C}
ABC
D
ABC
D
C
A B
B
C
D
A
ABC
ABC
15.2.
227
dvi-.
\ce ,
\ce. , .
\centering
\ce{CO2 + C -> 2CO}\\
\ce{CO2 + C <- 2CO}\\
\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}\\
\ce{H+ + OH- <=>> H2O}\\
\ce{$A$ <-> $A$}\\
\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha] 2CO}\\
\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}\\
\ce{$A$ ->[\ce{+H2O}] $B$}
CO2 + C 2 CO
CO2 + C 2 CO
CO2 + C
2 CO
H2 O
H+ + OH
CO2 + C
2 CO
CO2 + C
2 CO
+H2 O
rsphrase (Risk and Safety Phrases)

. , . mhchem.pdf.
15.2.3.
TEX . chemtex.
xymtex.
xymtex LATEX
. . ,
. , GUI-, ,
. , xymtex TEX Live
http://homepage3.nifty.com/xymtex/fujitas3/xymtex/indexe.html.
xymtex403b.lzh. ( ) lha.
xymtex texmf :
#
>
#
>
#
>

l h a x xymtex403b . l z h
xymtex
cp r xymtex texmf-local

texhash
228
15.
.
xymtx402403.pdf doc402403. , :
%\ u s e p a c k a g e { xymtexps } %
%\ u s e p a c k a g e { chmstps }
%
%
\ b e g i n {XyMcompd} ( 2 1 0 0 , 1 8 0 0 ) ( 2 0 0 , 0 ) { } { }
\ p y r a n o s e {1 Sa==H; 2 Sb==H; 2 Sa==OH; 3 Sb==H; 3 Sa==OH;
4Sb==HO; 4 Sa==H; 5 Sb==H; 5 Sa==CH$_{3}$;%
1Sb==%
\ r y l ( 8 ==O) { 3 ==%
\ s t e r o i d {3== ( y l ) ; 5A==H; 8B==H; 9A==H;%
{{10}B}==\ l m o i e t y {OHC} ; { { 1 4 }A}==OH;%
{{13}B}==\ l m o i e t y {H$_{3}$C} ; { { 1 6 }B}==OH;%
{{17}B}==\ f i v e h e t e r o v [ e ] { 3 ==O}{4D==O; 1 == ( y l ) }
}
}
}
\ end {XyMcompd}
, , :
O
H3 C
OHC
H
HO
H
H
H
O O
CH3
H
OH
OH
OH
OH
. 15.4.
GUI- .
15.3.
229
15.3.
,
. , LATEX
. , , texshade, .
AF414973_Fusarium_sporotrichioi
DQ026008_Fusarium_equiseti
AF111054_Fusarium_tricinctum
AF009185_Gibberella_avenacea
044-its1_2006-03-10
121-its1_2006-03-10
027_its1_2006-03-06
090_its1_2006-03-01
025-its1_2006-03-17
026_its1_2006-03-06
consensus
340
.
350
360
370
380
390
400
.
.
.
.
.
.
ACCCTCAAG..CCC.AGCTTGGTGTTGG.GATCTG.TGTGCAA.AC...ACAGT..C...CCC.AAATTGATTGGC
ACCCTCAAG..CTC.AGCTTGGTGTTGGGACTC.GCGGTA.AC..C..CGC.GT...T.CCCC.AAATCGATTGGC
ACCCTCAAGCCCCCGGGTTTGGTGTTGGGGATCGGCTCTGCCCTTCTGGGCGGTGCCGCCCCCGAAATACATTGGC
ACCCTCAAGCCCCCGGGTTTGGTGTTGGGGATCGGCTCTG.CCTTCT.GGCGGTGCCGCCCCCGAAATACATTGGC
ACCCTCAAG..CTC.AGCTTGGTGTTGG.GACTCG.CGGTAAC.CC...GCGTT..C...CCC.AAATCGATTGGC
ACCCTCAAG..CTC.AGCTTGGTGTTGG.GACTCG.CGGTAAC.CC...GCGTT..C...CCC.AAATCGATTGGC
ACCCTCAAG..CCC.AGCTTTTTGTGGGTGATCTG.TGTGCAA.AC...ACAGT..C...CCC.AAATTGATTGGC
ACCCTCAAGCCCCCGGGTTTGGTGTTGGGGATCGGCTCTG.CCTTCT.GGCGGTGCCGCCCCCGAAATACATTGGC
ACCCTCAAGccCcCg.G.TTggTGTtGGggatcgGct.tgc.cttCt.ggCggTgccgccCCCgAAATa.ATTGGC
. 15.5. (alignment) Fusarium/Gibberella texshade

texshade . . WWW http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/software/tex/tex-ru.htm
TEX .
16

;
, .

. , , .
16.1.
, , . ,
, .

verse:
\begin{verse}
\\*
.
\emph{ }
\end{verse}
, \\. (\\),
.
232
16.
verse
verse .
verse.pdf .
\renewcommand{\poemtoc}{subsection}
\poemtitle{}
\settowidth{\versewidth}{ "-- .}
\begin{verse}[\versewidth]
,\\
, ,\\
, ,\\
"--- .
\vin
\vin
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\end{verse}
\poemtoc , . \poemtitle .
\versewidth ,
. verse .
, . \vin .

, .
stage
, , , stage.
stage.sty
16.1.
233

I
(.)
1
( . , , .
. .)
. , ?
.
( ). .
?.. ?
( .)
. 16.1. stage
( ),
.
stage:
% s t a g e
\ documentclass { stage }
\ u s e p a c k a g e { i n d e n t f i r s t }%f i r s t paragraph i n d e n t
\ a u t h o r { . }
\ t i t l e { }
234
16.
%
\ a d d c h a r a c t e r { }{ }
\ a d d c h a r a c t e r {}{ }
%
\ act
%
\ pause
%
\ scene
%
\ opensd { . , ,

.
.
. }
%
\ d i a l o g {}{ . , ?}
\ d i a l o g { }{ . }
\ d i a l o g { } { ( ) . . }
\ d i a l o g { }{ ? . . ?}
\ s t a g e { . }
\ end { document }
stage-documentation.pdf.
16.2.
-
. , LATEX
, .
guitar
.
guitar .
16.2.
235
guitar:
\begin{guitar}
[Gm] [Eb], [Gm]
[Eb][D7] , [Gm]
, [A7] [D7]
[Eb] [D7], [Gm]
\end{guitar}
Gm E
Gm
,
E
D7
Gm
,
A7
D7
,
E
D7
Gm
guitar .
guitar.dvi
.
MusiXTEX
musixtex musictex. , .
musixdoc.pdf , , LATEX, musixtex. LATEX , . ,
, , ,
, . MusiXTEX LATEX [6].
, -, , ,
music:
\begin{music}
\startextract
\notes\qu{abcdefghi}\ql{jk}\enotes
\endextract
\end{music}
G2
(
). \startextract/\endextract. TEX . \notes \enotes .
, ,
\startpiece/\endpiece. LATEX . ,
.
236
@ ) @ )
3
2
G 4 @
>
@
3
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G2 @
>
16.
2
@ ) @ )
>
@
4
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@
>
. 16.2. . . , musixtex
. 16.2 . . . :
\ b e g i n { music } % . .
\ p a r i n d e n t=0pt%
\ g e n e r a l m e t e r {\ m e t e r f r a c 34}% 3/4
\ g e n e r a l s i g n a t u r e {1}%
%
\newcommand{\ l i f t } [ 2 ] { \ r a i s e #1\ I n t e r l i g n e #2}
\ s t a r t p i e c e%
\ n o t e s%
\ z q l {d}\ l i f t {1}{\ qs }%
\ ibbu 0 s 5\ qb 0{km}\ tbu 0\ qb 0{ o }%
\ ibbu 0 s 0\ zqb 0{m}%
\ l i f t {3}{\qp}%
\qb 0{km}\ tbu 0\ qb 0{ k}%
\ i b l 0 j {6}\ zqb 0{h}%
\ l i f t {3}{\ qs }\ ccu {k}%
\ t b l 0\ zqb 0{ f } \ l i f t {2}{\ qs } \ ccu {k} %
\ e n o t e s%
\ bar%
.
\ e n d p i e c e%
\ end { music }
16.2.
237
musixtex ,
.
MusiXTEX -
.
musixlyr
musixlyr MusiXTEX,
. . 16.3
- . . .
, :
%
% m u s i x l y r
\ u s e p a c k a g e { musixtex }
% m u s i x l y r LATEX
\ input { musixlyr }
%
\ b e g i n { music }
\ p a r i n d e n t=0pt%
\ g e n e r a l m e t e r {\ m e t e r f r a c 44}% 4/4
\ g e n e r a l s i g n a t u r e {1}%
\ nobarnumbers %
%
\ s e t l y r i c s { Egorov }{% Egorov
,
{ } , { } .
{ } ,
_

}
\ a s s i g n l y r i c s 1{ Egorov } %
\ s t a r t p i e c e%
% ,
\ l y r r a i s e {1}{b1.5mm}
\ Notes \qp\ ds \ ca { a c f }\ en \ bar
\ Notesp \ ca {hg }\ qp\ ca { f e }\ ds \ c c a { de }\ en \ a l a l i g n e
%
\ l y r r a i s e {1}{ b0mm}
238
16.
\ Notesp \ha{ f }\ ds \ ca { d e f }\ en \ bar

\ Notesp \ ca { j i }\ qp\ ca { h g f e }\ en \ a l a l i g n e
\ Notesp \ ca { e f }\ qp\ ds \ ca { h i j }\ en \ bar
\ Notesp \ qa {kk }\ ca { j e j k }\ en \ a l a l i g n e
\ Notesp \ ca { j g }\ qp\qp\ ds \ ca { j }\ en \ bar
\ Notesp \ ca { j i }\ ds \ c c a { i i }\ ca { h g f e }\ en \ a l a l i g n e
\NOtes\ i s l u r d 0 f \ha{ f }\ t s l u r 0 f \ ca { f }\ qp\ ca { f }\ en \ bar
\ Notesp \ ca { i j }\ qp\ c c a { h i }\ ca { h g f e }\ en \ bar
\ n o t e s p \wh{d}\ en
\ setdoublebar
\ e n d p i e c e%
\ end { music }
, \setlyrics. (-) .
({}) .
(_) .
mxlyrdoc.dvi .
16.3.
: , .
LATEX
. The Comprehensive
LATEX Symbol List (symbols-a4.pdf).
tipa

(International Phonetic Alphabet IPA).
tipa IPA . :
\textipa{},
\tipaencoding,
IPA.
, ,
:
16.3.
239
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mysixtex mysixlyr
:
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\textprimstress ne%
\textsci\textesh\textschwa n]
:
\textipa{[Ekspl@"neIS@n]}
: [Ekspl@"neIS@n]
: [Ekspl@"neIS@n]
, .

tipaman.pdf.
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HieroTEX TEX Live.
http://www.iut.univ-paris8.fr/~rosmord/archives/ . HieroTeX-3.5.tgz Type1-
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HieroType1-3.1.4.tgz. . HieroTEX .
- sesh, texmf-
texhash. EGypto.pdf. ( hierotex.htx)
:
% h i e r o t e x . htx
% EGypto . t e x h i e r o t e x
\ documentclass { a r t i c l e }
\ u s e p a c k a g e { egypto }
\ usepackage { h i e r o }
\ EnColonne [ 1 . 2 \ Htm] {
\ begin { hieroglyph }
G5 <S E1 D40 xa m R1 9 ( t \ s 1 : niwt \ s 1 ) >!
nbty wAH sw \ ! t \ s 1 \ ! i i ( r a : Z1 ) mi m ( p t : pt ) !
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mr i i
16.3.
241
\ end { h i e r o g l y p h }}
\ end { document }
sesh LATEX- (
hierotex.tex):
> s e s h < h i e r o t e x . htx > h i e r o t e x . t e x
hieroglyph. pdflatex latex ,
. 16.4. , , , . .
arcs
- ,
arcs:
\underarc{}
\overarc{} .
LATEX-: http://www.essex.ac.uk/linguistics/external/clmt/latex4ling/, The LaTeX for Linguists.
17
TEX Live
.

.
.
TEX Live CTAN1 .
LATEX,
TEX Live .
,
X .
17.1.
, .
.
17.1.1.
X fontenc LATEX.
X inputenc , .
1 CTAN
(Graham Williams) TeX Catalogue,
http://texcatalogue.sarovar.org html-.
244
17. TEX Live
X babel .
.
10.1 . 119.
, babel, LATEX ( ) (arabtex),
(armtex), (arosgn, bangtex), (burmese),
(vntex), (gurmukhi), (devanagari), (malayalam), (itrans), (oinuit), (ocherokee), (cjk), (cjk), (manjutex),
(montex), (sanskrit), (sinhala), (adami), (ctib4tex, pecha), (enthiop), (osmanian), (telugu) (cjk) .
ucs Unicode.
braille ( ).
17.1.2.
X anttor Antykwa Tor
unska. .
X concrete concrete ( ) euler ( ). . .
. .
cyrillic LATEX. inputenc.
X lh Computer Modern. Type1 cm-super.
X indentfirst .
X t2 . misccorr (
), mathtext (
) citehack ( BibTEX).
X eskdx .
X gost780u gost71u gost 7.80-00 7.1-84
BibTEX.
17.1.3.
extdash ncctools ,
.
17.1.
245
X ncccomma nctools .
icomma was.
X underscore (_) .
17.1.4.
contour .
.
nccstretch ncctools .
X soul , , .
truncate .
ulem .
umoline .
17.1.5.
dashrule .
X mboxfill ncctools .
X nccrules ncctools .
17.1.6.
X lineno .
X ragged2e .
hanging .
X comment , .
shapepar . ,
- .
17.1.7.
X desclist ncctools description.
engrec
.
enumerate enumerate
.
enumitem .
246
17. TEX Live
X eqlist , description, .
etaremune .
expdlist description.
multenum .
X paralist .
17.1.8.
X alltt
LATEX .
fancyvrb .
moreverb verbatim.
X verbatim .
17.1.9.
balancedquotes "" ,
, .
csquotes . . .
X epigraph .
quotchap .
17.1.10.
alnumsec .
chappg
.
fncychap .
Lenny.
nccsect ncctools .
sectionbox . , .
titlesec ,
.
titletoc.
appendix .
17.1.
247
17.1.11.
authblk preprint \author, , ,
.
coverpage CoverPage, .
titling \maketitle.
abstract , .
17.1.12.
crossreference .
lastpage , .
X prettyref .
refcheck , ,
.
X showkeys . .
typedref \ref \figureref, \sectionref \eqref.
\label .
varioref tools .
X xr .
17.1.13.
fixfoot .
X footmisc
.
footnpag .
X ftnright tools .
manyfoot ncctools .
X nccfoots ncctools .
X savefnmark .
.
yafoot pfnote ( ), fnpos (
) dblfnote ( ).
248
17. TEX Live
17.1.14.
endheads .
X endnotes .
X pagenote
.
17.1.15.
X marginnote .
X mparhack LATEX .
X changebar . .
17.1.16. WWW-
X breakurl .
X hyperref .
typehtml carlisle HTML LATEX.
HTML2 HTML3.
X url .
cooltooltips . Adobe Reader 7 .
17.1.17. PDF
cmap pdf-.
pdfcrypt oberdiek pdf-
.
17.1.18.
boites , , .
boxedminipage , - .
boxhandler .
dashbox .
eqparbox ,
.
17.1.
249
fancybox .
nccboxes ncctools . . .
pst-fr3d 3D-.
X shadow \shabox, .
17.1.19.
X draftwatermark DRAFT
- .
draftcopy.
X fixme
.
prelim2e
, .
progress HTML-, .
.
pdfsync pdf-. pdf- . iTeXMac, iTeXMac2, TeXShop emacs (AucTeX) pdf iTeXMac, iTeXMac2, TeXShop, TeXniscope PDFView.
srcltx dvi-. DVI xdvi yap.
snapshot , , ,
. .
X svn svninfo LATEX
svn. cvs,
rcs rcsinfo.
svnkw svn-multi svn.
X vhistory .
vpe srcltx PDF. vpe .
17.1.20.

combine pdfpages.
X askinclude \include.
250
17. TEX Live
X excludeonly , , \include.
chapterfolder , ,
.
import \input,
.
volumes , \includeonly.
17.1.21.
crop (cropmark)
. ncccropmark
ncctools.
fixltx2e LATEX 2 .
mylatex carlisle mylatex.ltx, , . ,
.
morse ( ).
pagesel oberdiek ,
. , / .
totpages , .
wordlike , , . . , , .
17.2.
LATEX ,
, LATEX.
17.2.1.
X amsmath -LATEX. .
amsbsy ( ), amsopn ( ) amstext ( \text,
17.2.
251
). , .
X amssymb . amsfonts (
). .
X amscd . .
amsthm . proof. .
X mh amsmath. mathtools , ntheorem
theorem empheq
.
mhequ .
bezos accents ( ), tensind ( ),
dotlessi ( \dotlessi \dotlessj), esindex, checkend ( ) arabicfront
( ).
breqn .

. .
X cancel \cancel, \bcancel \xcancel, ,
.
X cases numcases subnumcases .
X commath , ,
.
complexity .
dcpic LATEX.
deleq .
easy .
easy ( easy-), easyeqn ( ), easymat ( ), easybmat ( ), easytabl ( ), easyvector (C-
), easybib ( ).
egameps pstricks
(extensive games).
eqname \eqname
.
X esdiff .
esvect , , .
252
17. TEX Live
eulervm Euler.
extarrows extpfeil .
faktor \faktor,
. amsmath.
flagderiv - (flag
notation).
gauss .
hhtensor , .
karnaugh Karnaugh Maps, Veitch diagram.
maybemath \maybebm \maybeit.
.
nath natural math notation. .
,
.
nccthm ncctools ().
onlyamsmath , LATEX TEX-. .
X pb-diagram .
pst-3dplot . .
pst-bar .
pst-eucl .
pst-func . , , ,
.
qobitree .
sobolev .
sseq ,
spectral sequence charts.
subeqn subequations
.
t-angles (Hopf algebra).
X tableaux, tabvar variations
. .
X tensor .
vector .
17.2.
253
venn (MetaPost).
X was fixmath ( ), gensymb ( , , ),
icomma ( ), upgreek (
up ).
X wasysym . integrals .
17.2.2.
ascii IBM ASCII.
X algorithms, algorithmic, algorithmicx, algorithm2e,
clrscode pseudocode .
basix BASIC, TEX. : {CTAN}/macros/generic/basix/. TEX Live .
X bytefield .
cursor L- .
examplep LATEX MetaPost.
codep ( code, ,
) examplep (
).
, , .
keystroke . PostScript- pdf .
X lcd LCD-.
X listings .
method .
pst-dbicons ER-.
pst-uml UML-.
semantic , T-.
17.2.3.
astro cmastro
, .
braket - .
X circ LATEX
METAFONT.
X feyn .
254
17. TEX Live
X feynmf
LATEX METAFONT/MetaPost.
X hepparticles .
X isotope .
pst-circ .
X pst-optic .
X pst-osci .
X SIstyle . SIunits.
slashed carlisle - . \slashed,
/ def
, :
= .
timing LATEX METAFONT.
units . , .
unitsdef .
17.2.4.
bpchem , , .
chemarr oberdiek .
chemarrow .
chemcompounds . .
chemcono .
cryst .
X mhchem ,
(
).
X pst-labo
pstricks.
r-und-s ( ).
X xymtex LATEX
. chemtex .
http://homepage3.nifty.com/xymtex/fujitas3/xymtex/indexe.html.
TEX Live-2007 .
17.3.
255
17.2.5.
biocon .
dichokey
.
dnaseq -.
pst-pdgr .
X texshade (nucleotide and peptide alignments).
textopo ,
(membrane protein topology plots).
labbook .
17.3.
answers
.
assignment .
courseoutline coursepaper
.
eCards - . pdf Adobe Reader.
X exam , .
examdesign .
exercise .
flashcards .
interactiveworkbook pdf-. pdf Adobe Reader.
probsoln
- , .
qcm .
17.4.
. LATEX.
256
17. TEX Live
17.4.1. ,
dramatist .
ednotes .
ledmac . TEX- edmac. ledpar
.
play .
parrun , .
poemscol , .
sides . plari.
X stage .
verse .
17.4.2.
pst-tree
pstricks.
arcs (\underarc) (\overarc) .
cbcoptic .
covington , , --, ,
,
.
engpron , ,
(Daniel Jones English Pronouncing Dictionary)
lexikon .
linguex .
phonetic .
rst .
synttree .
X tipa (International Phonetic Alphabet).
teubner babel, greek .
xytree .
17.4.3.
abc LATEX ABC- ( ASCII-). abcm2ps.
17.5.
257
ConcProg . concprog.
cd cd-cover CD-.
X guitar .
musictex MusicTEX ,
LATEX.
X musixtex MusiXTEX MusicTEX .
X musixlyr musixtex .
songbook
.
17.5.
- , - .
17.5.1.
TEX-
. .
, ,
.
cooking .
.
cuisine cooking.
17.5.2.
cchess .
chess .
skak PGN (Portable Game Notation) .
skaknew , skak.
texmate .
17.5.3. ,
backgammon .
crosswrd . cwpuzzle.
dice , .
, epsdice.
258
17. TEX Live
othello .
psgo .
sudoku sudoku.
17.5.4.
advdate ltxmisc , , , , \today.
calendar .
calxxxx . .
china2e .
clock .
datetime . isodate.
weekday .
17.5.5.
bizcard .
labels - .
ticket , , .
17.6.
, , ,
. .
17.6.1.
float . floatraw.
rotfloat float, .
17.6.2.
boxhandler figure table.
dpfloat ,
. .
X floatflt , .
nccfloats ncctools
.
17.6.
259
sidecap , .
X wrapfig , .
X miniplot , subfig, .
photo .
picinpar . wrapfig . , .
plates ,
, (). , .
X subfig . .
17.6.3.
capt-of
.
captcont .
X caption , . ccaption.
X mcaption .
subfloat , .
X topcapt \topcaption, \caption,
.
17.6.4.
X endfloat .
figcaps preprint , . ,
.
hvfloat
.
X placeins ,
.
260
17. TEX Live
17.7.
. , ,
.
17.7.1.
bmpsize oberdiek . .
figsize
.
X graphicx .
epstopdf oberdiek eps- pdflatex, epstopdf .
nccpic ncctools graphicx
.
hilowres
, , .
, .
rotating .
watermark ncctools , ,
. bophook, eso-pic wallpaper.
17.7.2.
aurora dvips .
.
X color .
colorinfo .
xcolor .
17.7.3. LaTeX
bardiag PSTricks.
bez123 .
coordsys ,
. picture.
curve2e pict2e.
curves .
picture.
17.7.
261
ebezier . picture.
ecltree . picture.
epic picture.
epic eepic.
histogr . picture.
pdftricks pstricks pdflatex.
pict2e picture, .
pgf A Portable Graphic Format for TEX.
LATEX, tex.
pstricks Postcript LATEX.
pst-node ( ), pst-plot
( ), pst-tree ( ).
pst-3d -3D, , .
pst-barcode .
pst-blur .
pst-coil .
pst-eps eps-.
pst-fill .
pst-geo .
pst-gr3d 3D-.
pst-grad RGB- HSB-.
pst-infixplot .
pst-lens .
pst-light3d 3D- , .
pst-math ,
PostScript.
pst-pdf pdf-.
pst-poly .
pst-text .
pst-slpe .
pst-vue3d 3D- .
pst-xkey xkey - pstricks.
scalebar .
xypic TEX.
262
17. TEX Live
17.8.
, .
,
.
X booktabs .
.
17.8.1.
X arydshln .
delarray ( ) array.
X hhline .
17.8.2.
X cellspace ,
.
X colortbl , .
X makecell .
, , \makecell.
X multirow , . bigdelim ( ) bigstrut ( ).
X slashbox , .
17.8.3.
X dcolumn tools
. rccol warpcol.
X numprint
, .
17.8.4. tabular
array tabular array .
.
blkarray carlisle blockarray, array, tabular.
tabularht oberdiek tabular , .
17.9.
263
X tabularx tools tabular

.
X tabulary tabular .
X ctable .
17.8.5.
X longtable . .
ltxtable carlisle longtable tabularx.
X supertabular
longtable, .
X xtab supertabular longtable.
17.8.6.
X listliketab .
17.8.7.
X csvtools CSV-.
17.9.
() , ,
, , . LATEX , ,
.
X afterpage
.
everypage .
microtype pdftext. .
( T2A). .
17.9.1.
X lscape landscape,
.
X portland .
264
17. TEX Live
X pdflscape oberdiek lscape. pdf- , landscape,

.
X rotpages
, , . , ,
.
17.9.2.
chngpage .
X geometry .
X layout .
pdfscreen pdf- .
X pgfpages pgf ,
.
pdfpages pdf- pdf-.
X twoup .
booklet.
rmpage .
typearea KOMA-Script .
fullpage preprint 1.5 .
savetrees . , ?
stdpage , ,
.
X typogrid . .
X vmargin .
17.9.3.
X setspace .
nccparskip ncctools .
17.9.4.
X balance preprint
.
17.10. LATEX
265
dblfloatfix ( midfloat sttools) (

fixltx2e).
X multicol tools .
X parallel .
.
parcolumns sauerj .
X sttools , ,
. stfloats (
), floatpag ( ,
), flushend ( ), cuted ( / ), marginal ( ) midfloat (
).
17.10. LATEX
article (), book (), report (), proc (), letter () slides ( ) , .
. .
X KOMA-Script . scrartcl (), scrreprt (), scrbook () scrlttr2 ().
X ncclatex, , ncc. , , , , . [10]
.
hc KOMA-Script hcart
(), hcreport (), hcletter ().
hcslides.
ntgclass (artikel1, artikel2 artikel3), (boek
boek3), (brief ) (rapport1 rapport3).
.
266
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extsizes , 10pt, 11pt 12pt 8pt, 9pt, 14pt, 17pt

20pt. extarticle, extbook, extletter, extproc, extreport.
X minimal , , .
17.10.1.
X eskdx . : eskdtext ( ), eskdbtab
( ) eskdgraph ( , ).
isostds ISO
(iso) ISO 10303 (iso10303).
17.10.2.
letter scrlttr2
KOMA-Script .
adrconv directory ,
BibTEX .
adrlist .
X akletter letter.
beletter .
X cdpbundl .
envlab US Postal Service.
dinbrief g-brief . dinbrief
dinbrief-gui Tcl/Tk.
facsimile fax .
formlett mailing .
lettre .
X newlfm ,
. fancyhdr geometry.
17.10.3.
book , , scrbook KOMA-Script.
X memoir ,
.
X octavo : , .
X sffms .
17.10. LATEX
267
17.10.4.
report, ,
, , scrreprt KOMA-Script.
X hitec HiTech.
refman refart refrep, , Adobe.
17.10.5.
X slides
.
a0poster .
X beamer .
powerdot .
prosper seminar slides. ppr-prv , prosper.
sciposter .
X seminar slides .
talk beamer . .
texpower , . powersem.
seminar ifmslide pdflatex. pdfslide.

ppower4,
PDF-.
17.10.6.
.
, .
X disser , , .
. ,
268
17. TEX Live
TEX Live-2007, CTAN-

{CTAN}/macros/latex/contrib/disser.
ebsthesis European
Business School.
hepthesis . PhD
(HEP).
pittetd University of Pittsburgh.
gatech-thesis Georgia Institute of Technology.
muthesis University of Man.
uaclasses University of Arizona.
ucthesis UC Berkeley.
uiucthesis University of Illinois.
umich-thesis University of Michigan.
uwthesis University of Washington.
york-thesis York University ().
17.10.7.
X curve CurVe .
europecv , .
moderncv .
vita,
currvita cv.
17.10.8.
,
.
aaai AAAI (American Association for Artificial Intelligence).
aastex AASTeX American Astronomical Society.
abstbook .
acmconf ACM (Association for Computing Machinery). acm.
active-conf ACTIVE ().
aguplus AGUTeX AGU (American Geophysical Union).
aiaa-tc , AIAA (American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics). aaainamed.
17.10. LATEX
269
X - amsart (), amsbook () amsproc

().
apa American Psychological Association.
apacite apa apalike.
asaetr American Society for Agricultural Engineers (ASAE).
ascelike American Society of Civil Engineers. .
cc computational-complexity Computational
Complexity.
X combine . .
X elsart , Elsevier.
jpsj2 Journal of the Physical Society of Japan.
iagproc IAG (International Association of Geodesy).
IEEEconf IEEEtran IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers).
mtn Maple Technical Newsletter.
nature , pdf-
Nature. .
X nccproc , .
nrc1 nrc2 nrc National Research Council ().
X revtex4 . ,
/ (http://www.maik.ru/pub/tex/).
ptptex PTPTeX (Progress of Theoretical Physics), .
X sibjnm .
siggraph Siggraph.
smfart smfbook .
spie SPIE.
17.10.9.
LATEX,
.
X papertex LATEX.
leaflet - .
270
17. TEX Live
17.11. -
. . -
.
17.11.1.
X minitoc .
multitoc .
X shorttoc .
X tocbibind , , .
X tocloft , , , .
tocvsec2 .
17.11.2.
X fancyhdr .
X nccfancyhdr ncctools fancyhdr.
X technics , fancyhdr
.
.
17.11.3.
amsrefs BibTEX .
authorindex .
backref hyperref , .
babelbib
babel. .
bibcheck ltxmisc ,
thebibliography .
bibtopic
.
bibunits
, , \part.
X breakcites ltxmisc \cite
. .
camel BibTEX .
17.11. -
271
cite , cite ( ), overcite (

), drftcite ( ) chapterbib (
).
X citehack t2 \cite.
citeref .
X compactbib thebibliography
.
custom-bib .
doipubmed (\doi, \pubmed \citeurl)
.
footbib
.
harvard Harvard.
multibbl .
multibib .
natbib . .
notoccite
, / BibTEX- unsrt.
17.11.4.
X gloss BibTEX.
index .
X makeidx LATEX .
X makeglos .
X nomencl . .
robustindex . ,
, .
X splitindex
.
X varindex . , , , .
272
17. TEX Live
17.12. LATEX
,
- .
, .
perltex PerlTEX. perl LATEX.
17.12.1.
arrayjob LATEX .
binhex , .
X chngcntr
.
clefval /
. - .
engord oberdiek
.
dcounter ncctools ,
.
fmtcount (, , ) .
sublabel preprint
, 4a, 4b, 4c .
zahl2string sauerj .
17.12.2. LATEX
X calc .
fltpoint .
refcount oberdiek ,
.
fp , , .
17.12.3.
ifdraft oberdiek
draft/final.
ifmtarg ltxmisc . ,
.
17.12. LATEX
273
ifpdf oberdiek \ifpdf latex pdflatex.

X ifthen , \ifthenelse ( ) \whiledo ().
xifthen.
labelcas .
multido \multido.
stdclsdv .
17.12.4.
acronym .
makecmds \makecommand, \makeenvironment
\provideenvironment, , , , .
optparams sauerj
. .
robustcommand .
toolbox ,
.
twoopt oberdiek
, .
17.12.5.
coolstr . ASCII-,
. \substr, ,
.
keyval =.
processkv sauerj =.

.
X tokenizer .
xkeyval keyval.
=.
17.12.6.
attachfile2 oberdiek PDF.
fink ,
\finkfile.
embedfile oberdiek PDF.
274
17. TEX Live
extract , .
filecontents LATEX-
\include.
newfile / .
X optional , , .
versions ,
.
17.12.7. LATEX
afterpackage ncctools ,
.
X doc .
.
X docstrip , doc.
blindtext .
lipsum.
diagnose .
dialogl LATEX-.
export / LATEX .
makedtx dtx-.
msg . , .
xdoc , , doc.
TEX Live
275
TEX Live
CD TEX Live-2007. LATEX http://www.tug.org/texlive/.

CD, TEX Live :
i386-linux
GNU/Linux x86;
powerpc-darwin MacOSX PowerPC1 ;
win32
32- Windows, 9x .
texmf-doc/doc/russian/texlive-ru/
html- pdf-: live.html live.pdf .
,
.
GNU/Linux
GNU/Linux, , Debian (Lenny), TEX Live LATEX .
, TEX Live.
GNU/Linux Mac OS X
CD :
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. , . .
1 . ,
.
, PATH, , :
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>
>
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TEXLIVE=/u s r / l o c a l / t e x l i v e /2007/
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1 , T X Live Mac OS X, E
MacTEX (http://www.tug.org/mactex/). TEX Live .
276
TEX Live
tex-
. - LATEX. ,
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, , . , Kile (KDE Integrated
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Windows3
Windows MiKTEX
(http://www.miktex.org/). LATEX
CTAN, TEX Live
MiKTEX.
TEX Live Windows
tlpmgui.exe, setup-win32
. CD, .
. tlpmgui.exe (scheme-full) , , Language
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( ). , GhostScript
PostScript dvi- dviout. , .
.
, .
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.
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AT X AucT X RefT X. E
E
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preview-latex.
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GNU/Linux . ,.
TEX Live
277

.
Adobe Reader (http://www.adobe.com/products/reader/) pdf-.
tex-. :
TeXnicCenter (http://www.toolscenter.org/)
. dvi-;
WinEdt (http://www.winedt.com/) ShareWare . 5.5,
TEX Live-2007;
Notepad++ (http://notepad-plus.sourceforge.net/ru/site.htm)
, ;
emacs vim, GNU/Linux.
TEX Live-2007 . http://tug.org/texlive/bugs.html.
, . mktexmf TEX-.

lh.

texmf.cnf. :
MKTEXPK = 1
MKTEXMF = 1
MKTEXTFM = 1
MKTEXFMT = 1

/TeXLive2007/texmf-var/web2c/.
> kpsewhich texmf . c n f
. latex, . 4 , dvi-
. , ,
.
4 ,
Q (to run quietly).
, .

A
\AA, 123
\aa, 123
abstract, 39
\act, 233
\acute, 184
\addcharacter, 233
\addcontentsline, 133, 163
\addtocontents, 162
\addtocounter, 70, 73
\addtoendnotes, 138
\addtolength, 68, 73
\AE, 123
\ae, 123
\afterpage, 61
\againframe, 117
\aleph, 182
\alert, 111, 114
algorithm, 211
algorithmic, 210, 211
align, 196198
align*, 196, 197
alignat, 197
aligned, 198
alignedat, 198
\allowdisplaybreaks, 196
\alph, 70
\alpha, 48, 183
\alt, 114
\amlg, 186
\AND, 75
\and, 39
\ang, 219
\angle, 49, 182
\appendix, 133
\apprge, 189
\apprle, 189
\approx, 49, 187
\approxeq, 187
\arabic, 70
\arccos, 52
\arcctg, 52
\arcsin, 52
\arctg, 52
\areaset, 83
array, 149, 193, 262
\Asbuk, 70
\asbuk, 70
\AskOption, 145
\ast, 186
\asymp, 187
\ataribox, 122
\author, 39, 247
B
\backepsilon, 187
\backmatter, 134
\backprime, 182
\backsim, 187
\backsimeq, 187
\backslash, 182, 190
\backslashbox, 154
\balance, 90
\bar, 49, 184, 236, 237
\barwedge, 186
\baselineskip, 88, 89
\Bbbk, 182
\bcancel, 185, 251
\beamerbutton, 111, 113, 114
\because, 187
\begin, 29

\bell, 122
\beta, 48, 183
\beth, 182
\between, 187
\bfseries, 34
\bibitem, 166
\bibliography, 169
\Big, 52
\big, 52
\bigcap, 191
\bigcirc, 186
\bigcup, 191
\Bigg, 52
\bigg, 52
\bigodot, 191
\bigoplus, 191
\bigotimes, 191
\bigskip, 89
\bigsqcup, 191
\bigstar, 182
\bigtriangledown, 186
\bigtriangleup, 186
\biguplus, 191
\bigvee, 191
\bigwedge, 191
\binom, 195
\bitbox, 209
\bitheader, 209
\blacklozenge, 182
\blacksmiley, 122
\blacksquare, 182
\blacktriangle, 182
\blacktriangledown, 182
\blacktriangleleft, 188
\blacktriangleright, 188
block, 105, 113, 114
blockarray, 262
bmatrix, 193
\bond, 226
\boolean, 74
\bot, 182
\Bowtie, 122
\bowtie, 187
279
\Box, 182, 183
\boxdot, 186
\boxminus, 186
\boxplus, 186
\boxtimes, 186
\bra, 217
\breve, 184
\brokenvert, 122
\bullet, 186
\Bumpeq, 187
\bumpeq, 187
\burl, 140, 141
bytefield, 208, 209
C
\cancel, 185, 251
\cancelto, 185
\Cap, 186
\cap, 186
\caption, 41, 64, 135, 152, 211, 259
cases, 199
\cbend, 139
\cbstart, 139
CD, 194
\cdot, 49, 186
\cdotp, 185
\cdots, 185
\ce, 226, 227
\cent, 123
center, 87
\centerdot, 186
\centering, 88
\ceqn, 45
\cftchapdotsep, 162
\cftchapleader, 162
\cftdot, 162
\cftdotfill, 162
\cftdotsep, 162
\cftsecnumwidth, 162
\ch, 52
\chapter, 28, 39, 96, 128, 133
\check, 184
\checked, 122
280
\CheckedBox, 122
\checkmark, 123
\chi, 48, 183
\circ, 186
\circeq, 187
\circlearrowleft, 189
\circlearrowright, 189
\circledast, 186
\circledcirc, 186
\circleddash, 186
\circledR, 123, 182
\circledS, 182
circuit, 223
\cite, 166, 167, 270, 271
\citeurl, 271
\clearpage, 61, 143
\clock, 122
\clubsuit, 182
\cnttest, 74, 75
code, 253
\colon, 185
\color, 112, 113, 207
\columnbreak, 92
\columncolor, 154
\columnwidth, 79
\COMMENT, 211
comment, 33
\complement, 182
\cong, 187
\coprod, 191
\cos, 52
\counterwithin, 70
\counterwithout, 70
\ctable, 157
\ctg, 52
\cth, 52
\Cup, 186
\cup, 186
\curlyeqprec, 187
\curlyeqsucc, 187
\curlyvee, 186
\curlywedge, 186
\currency, 123

\curvearrowleft, 189
\curvearrowright, 189
D
\dag, 123
\dagger, 186
\daleth, 182
\dashleftarrow, 189
\dashrightarrow, 189
\dashv, 187
\date, 39
\ddag, 123
\ddagger, 186
\dddot, 51, 184
\ddot, 51, 184
\ddots, 185
\DeclareMathOperator, 52
\definecolor, 207
\DefineLCDchar, 208
\Delta, 48, 183
\delta, 48, 183
\depth, 127
\depthof, 73
desclist, 130
description, 129, 130, 245, 246
\diagdown, 182
\Diagram, 220
\diagup, 182
\dialog, 233
\diameter, 122
\Diamond, 182, 183
\diamond, 186
\diamondsuit, 182
\Dif, 191
\dif, 191
\diff, 192
\diffp, 192
\digamma, 183
\dimtest, 75
\displaybreak, 196
\displaystyle, 45, 192
\div, 49, 186
\divideontimes, 186

\DJ, 123
\dj, 123
document, 33
\documentclass, 24, 30, 31, 95
\doi, 271
\dominilof, 163
\dominilot, 163
\dominitoc, 163
\dot, 49, 51, 184
\doteq, 187
\doteqdot, 187
\dotfill, 87, 159
\dotlessi, 251
\dotlessj, 251
\dotplus, 186
\dots, 123, 185
\doublebarwedge, 186
\doublespacing, 89
\DOWNarrow, 122
\Downarrow, 189, 190
\downarrow, 189, 190
\downdownarrows, 189
\downharpoonleft, 189
\downharpoonright, 189
\dropchapter, 129
E
\ell, 49, 182
\ELSE, 210
\ELSIF, 210
\emph, 34, 111
empheq, 199
\emptyset, 182
\EnColonne, 240
\end, 29, 33
\endextract, 235
\ENDFOR, 210
\ENDIF, 210
\endinput, 143
\ENDLOOP, 210
\endnote, 138
\endnotemark, 138
\endnotetext, 138
281
\endpiece, 235
\endrotboxpages, 80
\endspace, 87
\ENDWHILE, 210
\enotes, 235237
\ENSURE, 211
\ensuremath, 71
enumerate, 35, 113, 129, 130, 245
\epigraph, 128
\epigraphhead, 128
\epigraphwidth, 128
\epsilon, 183
\eqcirc, 187
eqlist, 130
eqlist*, 130
\eqname, 251
\eqref, 44, 135, 200, 247
\eqslantgtr, 188
\eqslantless, 188
\equal, 74
equation, 44, 45, 135, 196
equation*, 45, 46, 196
\equiv, 49, 187
\eta, 48, 183
\eth, 182
\eval, 191
\evensidemargin, 79
example, 105
\excludeonly, 144
\exists, 49, 182
\exp, 52
F
\faktor, 252
\fallingdotseq, 187
\fbox, 127, 195
\Feyn, 220
\feyn, 220
figure, 60, 61, 135, 258
\figureref, 247
\finkfile, 273
\Finv, 183
\fixme, 141
282
flalign, 197
flalign*, 197
\flat, 182
\fleqn, 45
\FloatBarrier, 62
floatingfigure, 63, 64
\flushend, 90
flushleft, 87
\flushleft, 87, 88
flushright, 87
\flushright, 87
\fmf, 221
fmffile, 222
fmfgraph, 221
\fmflabel, 221
\fmfleft, 221
\fmfright, 221
\footnote, 136, 137
\footnotemark, 136
\footnotesize, 35
\footnotetext, 136
\footskip, 79
\FOR, 210
\FORALL, 210
\forall, 49, 182
\foreignlanguage, 120
\frac, 50, 51, 192
frame, 109, 110, 114
\framebox, 127
\framesubtitle, 110, 112
\frametitle, 105, 110, 112
\frontmatter, 134
\frown, 187
\frownie, 122
\fullfunction, 191
\fxerror, 141
\fxnote, 141
\fxwarning, 141
G
\galso, 179
\Game, 183
\Gamma, 48, 183

\gamma, 48, 183
gather, 197
gather*, 197
gathered, 198
\ge, 49, 187
\generalmeter, 236, 237
\generalsignature, 236, 237
\geneuro, 123
\geneuronarrow, 123
\geneurowide, 123
\geq, 187
\geqq, 188
\geqslant, 49, 188
\GetTokens, 75
\gg, 49, 187
\ggg, 188
\gimel, 183
\gloss, 179
\glossary, 178
\glossaryintro, 179
\glossaryname, 178, 179
\gnapprox, 188
\gneq, 188
\gneqq, 188
\gnsim, 188
\grave, 184
\gsee, 179
\gtrapprox, 188
\gtrdot, 188
\gtreqless, 188
\gtreqqless, 188
\gtrless, 188
\gtrsim, 188
guitar, 235
\gvertneqq, 188
H
\hat, 49, 184
\hbar, 182
\hdotsfor, 193
\headheight, 79
\headsep, 79
\heartsuit, 182
283
\height, 127
\heightof, 73
\HepAntiParticle, 220
\HepGenAntiParticle, 220
\HepGenParticle, 220
\HepGenSusyParticle, 220
\HepParticle, 220
\HepParticleResonance, 220
\HepProcess, 220
\HepSusyParticle, 220
\HepTo, 220
\hexstar, 122
\hfil, 87
\hfill, 87
\hhline, 153
hieroglyph, 240, 241
\hline, 151
\hm, 53
\hoffset, 79
\hookleftarrow, 189
\hookrightarrow, 189
\hphantom, 195, 196
\hrule, 126
\hrulefill, 87, 126
\hslash, 183
\hspace, 87, 89, 195
\hspace*, 87
\Huge, 35
\huge, 35
\hyperlink, 114
\hyphenation, 37, 38
\in, 49, 182

\include, 143, 144, 249, 250, 274
\includegraphics, 5860, 113
\includeonly, 117, 143, 144, 250
\indeces, 194
\indent, 87
\index, 172174
\infty, 49, 182
inparaenum, 131
inparaitem, 35, 131
\input, 143, 172, 250
\int, 51, 191, 192
\intercal, 186
\intertext, 199
\invdiameter, 122
\invisible, 114
\invneg, 189
\iota, 48, 183
IPA, 239
\isempty, 75
\isequivalentto, 75
\isnamedefined, 75
\isodd, 74
\isotope, 222
\isundefinedcommand, 74
\item, 35, 41, 113, 129, 130
itemize, 35, 113, 129
\itshape, 34
I
\idotsint, 191
\IF, 210
\iflanguage, 121
\ifpdf, 273
\ifthenelse, 74, 273
\iiiint, 191
\iiint, 191, 192
\iint, 191, 192
\Im, 182, 183
\imath, 182
K
\kappa, 183
\ket, 217
\kill, 149
\kreuz, 122
J
\jmath, 182
\Join, 189
L
\L, 123
\l, 123
\label, 40, 41, 44, 114, 135, 211, 247
\Lambda, 48, 183
284
\lambda, 48, 183
\land, 49
landscape, 80, 263, 264
\landscape, 80
\langle, 190
\LARGE, 35
\Large, 35
\large, 35
\LaTeX, 28
\layout, 77, 78
\LCD, 208
\LCDcolors, 207
\lceil, 190
\ldotp, 185
\ldots, 38, 185
\le, 49, 187
\leadsto, 189
\left, 52, 53
\LEFTarrow, 122
\Leftarrow, 189
\leftarrow, 189
\leftarrowtail, 189
\leftharpoondown, 189
\leftharpoonup, 189
\leftleftarrows, 189
\Leftrightarrow, 189
\leftrightarrow, 189
\leftrightarrows, 189
\leftrightharpoons, 189
\leftrightsquigarrow, 189
\leftthreetimes, 186
leftwordgroup, 210
\lengthtest, 74
\leq, 187
\leqq, 188
\leqslant, 49, 188
\lessapprox, 188
\lessdot, 188
\lesseqgtr, 188
\lesseqqgtr, 188
\lessgtr, 188
\lesssim, 188
\lfloor, 190

\LHD, 187
\lhd, 186, 187
\lightning, 122
\lim, 52, 182
\limits, 51
\linebreak, 86
\linelabel, 142
linenumbers, 141
\linenumbers, 142
\linewidth, 79
\listfiles, 144
listliketab, 159
\listoffigures, 133, 159, 162
\listoffixmes, 141
\listoftables, 133, 159, 162
\ll, 49, 187
\llcorner, 190
\Lleftarrow, 189
\lll, 188
\ln, 52
\lnapprox, 188
\lneq, 188
\lneqq, 188
\lnsim, 188
\log, 52
\logof, 189
\longitem, 130
\Longleftarrow, 189
\longleftarrow, 189
\Longleftrightarrow, 189
\longleftrightarrow, 189
\longmapsto, 189
\longpage, 88
\Longrightarrow, 189
\longrightarrow, 189
longtable, 157
\LOOP, 210
\looparrowleft, 189
\looparrowright, 189
\lor, 49
\lozenge, 183
\lrcorner, 190
\Lsh, 189

\lstdefinelanguage, 207
\lstinline, 206
\lstinputlisting, 206
lstlisting, 206
\lstloadlanguages, 205
\lstset, 205
\ltimes, 186
\lVert, 190
\lvert, 190
\lvertneqq, 188
\lyrraise, 237
M
\mainmatter, 134
\makeatletter, 69
\makeatother, 69
\makebox, 127
\makecell, 155, 262
\makecommand, 273
\makeenvironment, 273
\makegloss, 178
\makeglossary, 178
\makeindex, 172
\makenomenclature, 180
\makepagenote, 138
\maketitle, 39, 247
\maltese, 123
\mapsto, 189
margincap, 65
\marginnote, 139
\marginpar, 139
\marginparpush, 79
\marginparsep, 79
\marginparwidth, 79
\markright, 164
\mathbb, 48
\mathbcal, 48
\mathbf, 48
\mathbin, 181
\mathclose, 182
\mathdollar, 182
\mathellipsis, 182
\mathfrak, 48
285
\mathindent, 45
\mathinner, 182
\mathop, 182
\mathopen, 182
\mathord, 182
\mathparagraph, 182
\mathpuct, 182
\mathrel, 181
\mathring, 184
\mathsection, 182
\mathsterling, 182
\mathstrut, 50
\mathunderscore, 182
matrix, 193
\max, 52
\maxwidth, 69
\maybebm, 252
\maybeit, 252
\mbox, 38, 127
\mboxfill, 126
\md, 191
\measuredangle, 183
\medskip, 89
\medspace, 195
\meterfrac, 236, 237
\mho, 182
\mid, 187
\min, 52
\minilof, 163
\minilot, 163
minipage, 62, 63, 128, 136, 157, 158
\minitoc, 163
\models, 187
\movie, 117
\mp, 49, 186
mpsupertabular, 157
mpxtabular, 157
\mtcskip, 163
\mu, 48, 183
multicols, 91, 92
\multicolumn, 153, 154
\multido, 273
\multimap, 187
286
\multirow, 153, 154
multline, 197, 198
music, 235237
N
\nabla, 182
\natural, 182
\ncong, 188
\ne, 187
\nearrow, 189
\neg, 49, 182
\negmedspace, 195
\negthickspace, 195
\neq, 49, 187
\newblock, 166
\newcommand, 72, 73, 214
\newcounter, 69
\newenvironment, 72
\newindex, 175
\newlength, 67
\newpage, 88
\newtheorem, 112, 201, 202
\newtie, 124
\nexists, 183
\nextnum, 159
\ngeq, 188
\ngeqq, 188
\ngeqslant, 188
\ngtr, 188
\ni, 182
\nLeftarrow, 190
\nleftarrow, 190
\nLeftrightarrow, 190
\nleftrightarrow, 190
\nleq, 188
\nleqq, 188
\nleqslant, 188
\nless, 188
\nmid, 188
\No, 30
\nocite, 167
\noindent, 87
\nolimits, 51

\nolinenumbers, 142
\nomenclature, 180
\normalmarginpar, 139
\normalsize, 34, 35
\NOT, 75
\not, 187
\notag, 200
\notes, 235237
\notesname, 138
\notin, 187
\nparallel, 188
\nprec, 188
\npreceq, 188
\nRightarrow, 190
\nrightarrow, 190
\nshortmid, 188
\nshortparallel, 188
\nsim, 188
\nsubseteq, 188
\nsucc, 188
\nsucceq, 188
\nsupseteq, 188
\nsupseteqq, 188
\ntriangleleft, 188
\ntrianglelefteq, 188
\ntriangleright, 188
\ntrianglerighteq, 188
\nu, 48, 183
\nulide, 194
\num, 219
numcases, 199, 251
\numprint, 155
\nVDash, 188
\nvDash, 188
\nvdash, 188
\nwarrow, 189
O
\O, 123
\o, 123
\ocircle, 187
\od, 191
\oddsidemargin, 79

\odot, 186
\OE, 123
\oe, 123
\officialeuro, 123
\oint, 191
\Omega, 48, 183
\omega, 48, 183
\ominus, 186
\onecolumn, 90
onehalfspacing, 89
\onehalfspacing, 89
\only, 114
\opensd, 233
\oplus, 186
\opt, 144
\OR, 75
\oslash, 186
otherlanguage, 120
otherlanguage*, 120
\otimes, 186
\overarc, 241, 256
\overbrace, 185
\overleftarrow, 185
\overleftrightarrow, 190
\overline, 185
\overrightarrow, 185
P
\P, 123
\pagebreak, 88
\pagenote, 138
\pageref, 41, 135
\pagestyle, 164
\paperheight, 79, 83
\paperwidth, 79, 83
\par, 34, 72
\paragraph, 131
Parallel, 92
\parallel, 49, 187
\ParallelLText, 93
\ParallelRText, 93
parbox, 128
\parbox, 62, 63
287
\part, 39, 133, 270
\partial, 51, 182
\pause, 111, 233
\pd, 191
\permil, 122
\perp, 49, 187
\pgfpagesuselayout, 85
\phantom, 196
\Phi, 48, 183
\phi, 183
\phone, 122
\Pi, 48, 183
\pi, 48, 183
picture, 260, 261
\pitchfork, 187
\pm, 49, 186
pmatrix, 193
\poemtitle, 232
\poemtoc, 232
\pointer, 122
\poptabs, 149
portrait, 80
\portrait, 80
\pounds, 123
\prec, 187
\precapprox, 187
\preccurlyeq, 187
\preceq, 187
\precnapprox, 188
\precnsim, 188
\precsim, 188
\prettyref, 136
\prime, 182
\PRINT, 211
\printglossary, 178
\printindex, 172
\printnomenclature, 180
\printnotes, 138
\printnotes*, 138
Problem, 71
\prod, 49, 191
prof, 113
proof, 105, 113, 251
288
\propto, 49, 187
\protect, 28, 44, 64, 133, 136, 162
\providecommand, 72
\provideenvironment, 273
pseudocode, 212
\Psi, 48, 183
\psi, 48, 183
\pubmed, 271
\pushtabs, 149
Q
\qedhere, 113
\qquad, 87, 195
\quad, 68, 87, 195
quatation, 128
quote, 128
R
\raggedend, 90
\raggedleft, 88
\RaggedRight, 88, 92
\raggedright, 88
\rangle, 190
\rceil, 190
\Re, 182, 183
\real, 74
\recorder, 122
\ref, 41, 71, 135, 142, 200, 247
\refstepcounter, 71
\renewcommand, 72
\renewenvironment, 73
\REPEAT, 210
\REQUIRE, 210
\RETURN, 211
\reversemarginpar, 139
\rfloor, 190
\RHD, 187
\rhd, 186, 187
\rho, 48, 183
\right, 52, 53
\RIGHTarrow, 122
\Rightarrow, 189
\rightarrow, 189

\rightarrowtail, 189
\rightharpoondown, 189
\rightharpoonup, 189
\rightleftarrows, 189
\rightleftharpoons, 189
\rightrightarrows, 189
\rightsquigarrow, 189
\rightthreetimes, 186
rightwordgroup, 209
\risingdotseq, 188
\Roman, 70
\roman, 70
\rotboxpages, 80
\rowcolor, 154
\Rsh, 189
\rtimes, 186
\rule, 126
\rVert, 190
\rvert, 190
S
\S, 30, 123
\saveFN, 137
\scene, 233
\scriptscriptstyle, 45
\scriptsize, 35
\scriptstyle, 45
\scshape, 34
\searrow, 189
section, 110
\section, 28, 96, 131, 133, 162
\section*, 40
\sectionref, 247
\see, 174
\selectlanguage, 120
semiverbatim, 114
\setcounter, 73, 133
\setlength, 67, 68, 73, 128
\setlyrics, 237, 238
\setmarginsrb, 82
\setmargnohfrb, 82
\setmargrb, 82
\setminus, 186

\setnewcounter, 70
\setpagewiselinenumbers, 142
\settodepth, 69, 127
\settoheight, 69, 127
\settowidth, 68, 127
\SetWatermarkAngle, 143
\SetWatermarkFontSize, 143
\SetWatermarkLightness, 142
\SetWatermarkScale, 142
\SetWatermarkText, 142
\sh, 52
\shabox, 127, 249
\sharp, 182
\shortmid, 188
\shortpage, 88
\shortparallel, 188
\shorttableofcontents, 162
\shoveleft, 198
\shoveright, 198
\SI, 219
\sidefig, 64
\Sigma, 48, 183
\sigma, 48, 183
\sim, 49, 187
\simeq, 49, 187
\sin, 52, 182
\sindex, 175
singlespacing, 89
\singlespacing, 89
\skippedwords, 209
\slashed, 254
slide, 106
\slshape, 34
\small, 35
\smallfrown, 188
\smallsetminus, 187
\smallskip, 89
\smallsmile, 188
\smile, 187
\smiley, 122
\so, 125, 126
\sound, 117
spacing, 89
289
\spadesuit, 182
\spcheck, 184
\spdddot, 184
\spddot, 184
\spdot, 184
\sphat, 184
\sphericalangle, 49, 183
split, 198
\sptilde, 184
\sqcap, 186
\sqcup, 186
\sqrt, 49, 50
\sqsubset, 188, 189
\sqsubseteq, 187
\sqsupset, 188, 189
\sqsupseteq, 187
\Square, 122
\square, 183
\SS, 123
\ss, 123
\st, 125
\stage, 233
\star, 186
\startextract, 235
\startpiece, 235237
\STATE, 210
\stepcounter, 70, 71
\stretchwith, 126
strip, 90, 91
subequations, 200, 252
subnumcases, 251
\subparagraph, 131
\subsection, 28, 131, 133
\Subset, 188
\subset, 187
\subseteq, 187
\subseteqq, 188
\subsetneq, 188
\subsetneqq, 188
\substr, 273
\subsubsection, 131
\succ, 187
\succapprox, 188
290
\succcurlyeq, 188
\succeq, 187
\succnapprox, 188
\succnsim, 188
\succsim, 188
\sum, 49, 51, 182, 191
\sun, 122
supertabular, 157
\suppressfloats, 61
\Supset, 188
\supset, 187
\supseteq, 187
\supseteqq, 188
\supsetneq, 188
\supsetneqq, 188
\surd, 182
\SVN, 215
\SVNDate, 215
\SVNKeyword, 215
\SVNTime, 215
\swarrow, 189
\switchlinenumbers, 142
T
tabbing, 148, 149
table, 150, 258
\tableofcontents, 39, 110, 131, 159, 162
tabular, 135, 149151, 156, 262, 263
tabularx, 156
\tag, 200
\tag*, 200
\tau, 48, 183
\tensor, 194
\text, 46, 218, 219, 250
\textasciicircum, 121
\textasciitilde, 121
\textasteriskcentered, 121, 122
\textbackslash, 121
\textbaht, 123
\textbar, 121
\textbardbl, 122
\textbf, 28, 34
\textbigcircle, 122

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versions, 274
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vita, 103, 268
vmargin, 81, 82, 264
vntex, 244
volumes, 250
vpe, 249
W
wallpaper, 143, 260
warpcol, 156, 262
was, 183, 245, 253
wasysym, 51, 122, 123, 183, 187, 189,
192, 253
303
watermark, 143, 260
weekday, 258
wordlike, 250
wrapfig, 63, 259
X
xcolor, 260
xdoc, 274
xifthen, 74, 75, 273
xkey, 261
xkeyval, 273
xr, 135, 247
xspace, 71
xtab, 157, 158, 263
xymtex, 227, 254
xypic, 195, 261
xytree, 256
Y
yafoot, 247
york-thesis, 268
Z
zahl2string, 272

[1] . . TEX. .: , 2003. 560 .
[2] . . METAFONT. .: , 2003. 384 .
[3] . . . .: , 2003. 686 .
[4] . LATEX. .: , 2000. 172 .
[5] ., ., . LATEX
LATEX 2 . .: , 1999. 606 .
[6] ., ., . LATEX
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[7] ., . LATEX Web-. .: , 2001. 604 .
[8] . . LATEX. .: , 2003.
448 .
[9] . ., . . LATEX -. : , 2004. 496 .
[10] . . LATEX / . . . .
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LATEX - 2008 ISBN 978-5-9775-0230-6.

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Mathematics tutor, UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve.

Cultural project leader, Tchouque-Tschouk Kot, Louvain-la-Neuve.

IMO preselected, SBPMef, Wpion.

Primary education degree obtained in a Dutch college

Many journeys in English speaking countries, including the United

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