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&yf ? qk d i f e H y gwf ? (36-37)jzih f ? rS w f p k d u f w nf a xmif ? uk e f p k H q k d i f o nf ?
armifarmifwkdYu? tw[dw tusKd;rsm;xuf? tmewdu trsKd;om;wkdY? y&[d
w wkd;yGm;atmif? tzkd;rsm;ukefusvsuf? &mromjcif;ukd? a&;pD&if; q&m
xGef;xHrS? um&ef0gus? yk'fyg'wkdY? ,kwfavsmh,kd,Gif;? rwljcif;aMumihf? rl&if;
rla[mif;? wdr;f apmif;,k,
d iG ;f ? csKUd wJjh cif;wku
Yd ?dk xnfo
h iG ;f pdppf? tNy;D jzpfatmif?
topfxyfrH? um&efoihfpGm? a&SUa&SUrlukd? a&;,lumjzihf? tu&mtpkH?
pMumkHuJh odkY? &efukefNrdKU? ykHESdyfwkdufrS kdufESdyf? a&mif;aeygonf?
0H o mEk & u d w jzpf a om? &u r @d K if ? a&T c k d i f j ynf o l ? vG , f w ul l j zih f ?
0,f,lzwf&Gwf&ef taMumif;ukd? aMumfjimarmif;wD;vkdufygonf? jynfBuD;ol
rdwfaqGtaygif;wkdY/
rcGJpyfbJ-aw;xyfkd;
rsm;olig a&;pyfonf? cJruyf[kduAsm? aw;xyfvkdYqkdwmrSm? vkd&mukd

zGJYEIef;? avmif;&mr omjcif;pmukd? xGef;q&mqef;umjzihfukH;? wkdif;&ujynf
&ckdifrSm? e,fckdif&yfvkH;? aAGr@dKifywfukH;rSmjzihf? zwfokH;&avatmif?
&SifoDwmcifwpfyg;ukdvm;? psmef&xm; wifjim;,laqmif? rif;&mrnDaemif
rSm? av;pGefawmifxrf;ygvkdY? arSmfkHvrf;a[rmefaAGcsm? vSrf;avQmufvkdY&Sm?
vGrf;tqGJ-uG,fhtuGmukd? aw;uAsm GefYygvkdYav;/ uREkfyf q&mxGef;onf?
vuFmarmfuGef;rSp? tqef;tkd;? trsKd;rsKd;aomaw;jcif;? omjcif;? em;awmf
oGif;uAsm? a[mpmjyZmwf? edrdwf&mZ0if? vkdcsiforQ? pD&if ay;EkdifaMumif;
ukd? a&Tckdifjynf rdwfaqG taygif;wkdYtm;? aMumfjimarmif;cwfvkdufygonf/
uAsmtp yPmr
earm w b*0awm t&[awm orK'wd/
1/
/Z,sEK/ / &wemra,rOL? arT;ysHUMuLau? ewfvlrukd#f?
ig;yg;rmefatmif? aAm"danmifwGif? ajcmufa&mifvif;au? rif;qkH;jzwfvsuf?
"r&mZf txGwf? jrwfxufjrwfau? wrGwf&wem? b*0g[k? r[m"dywd?
ta*gyk*vH? t&[Hav? oarm"d[k? oD&daZ,def? tBudrfBudrfau? tpdaE,s?
ukd;e0*kPf? jynhfNzdK;pkHau? okH;bkHewf[k? jrwfousESihf? "rpMum? bd"rmau?
t&d,mppf? ok'djzLpif? jrLrwifav? rQifroef;au? pGrf;rnpfbJ? r*fwnfckd?
ax&fyk*dKvf au? zkdvfav;yg;? rked&wem? t&d,mav? oHCmrsm;ESihf?
okH;yg;&wem? jrwfokH;jzmukd? okH;cgOD;cs? um,0pD? raemcsDysm? okH;BudrfjyKau?
qHOD;avsmhvkdY? uefawmhNyD;rS? av;a&mifpkdav? jrif;rkd&fOD;okdY? wkrrQau?
arG;zarG;rd? jrwfq&m av? tmp&du?dk reodu?H uRex
Yf yd af wGav? auqHx;Hk rSm?
yef;ukH;[efokdY? qifyefNyD;rS? rdbq&m? &wemukd? *g&0jzihf? b,tE&m,f?
oefYpifMunf atmif? umuG,fxdyfrkd;? xkHauqHrSm? yef&Sdckd;? tusKd;edoH?
,ckwpfcP? jyKorQau? ukovuHaMumihf? OmPf0pe? pDukH;qkdaomf?
vkw
d idk ;f &vk?Yd &mravmif;awmf? vSow
D mESi?fh nDawmfvuP? jynfucGma&Smif?
arESihfarmif av? nDaemifvSwkdY? awm0arSmfkH? NrdKif&*kHwGif? ckdvIHaysmfyg;?
od C K jynf u ? pG , f a cgacgES i h f ? om;pm;vnf ; MuL;? wef c k d ; yg&ar?
vG e f B uD ; us,f a u? acgif ; q,f vk H ; [k ? bD v l ; &mZm? aroD w muk d ?
csD u maqmif o G m ;? av,mOf y sH a v? psmef & xm; ES i h f ? ck d ; jim;,l a &S m if ; ?
tavmif;awmfav? &mrZmwf[?k 0wKa[mif;uk?d taygif; &Siv
f ?l a&Tjynfow
l ?Ydk
0,f,lwkHNrdKU? wcsKdUzwfum? wcsKdUemysm? omjcif;ESihf? tysif;ajyvQif?
ajzMuzkdYav? wcsKdUvl&Sif? rsufrjrifwkdY? ouf&Sifapa&;? omjcif; om,m?
t&Gm&GmrSm? qkduma<u;vkdY? oufarG;vkdol? vG,fwulvQif? 0,f,lNyD; rS?
zkd;oufomESihf? oifhyg&atmif? &mravmif;awmf? jzpfaMumif;&mukd? uAsm
armifuGef;? wefckd;aeaysmf? rnfonmESihf? q&mxGef;vQif? rBuD;rus,f? ed'gef;
oG,fvkdY? qef;Mu,fpkkH;? pum;wefqm? yef;rmvmokdY? pDumukH;vkdY? wkdif;vkH;
arT;Munf? jynf&ckdifrSm? BudKifrqkH;atmif? ukH;vkdufrnfav/
2/
yPmrauwy? tmoDojzihf? *DwuAsm? aZm0oDESihf? avm
uDom;wkdY? em;wefqmukd? Mum;emMuap? EIwfoHcsKdESihf? xkwfqkdjyKau?
usL;vku
d rf nfu? oajy'Dyg? wajymifajymifav? jra&mifxeG ;f au? awmifuRe;f
csmukd? b,fnm ywf0ef;? wyf[efyrm? NcH&Humau? ig;&muRef;wGif? OD;pGef;w
rGw?f jrwfpad E av? oAnKau? ok;H vlewf\? jrwfomoem? "mwfarGawmfw?Ydk
wnfumjzpf xGef;? vuFm'Dy? rnfemrESihf? oD[Vqkd? pdrf;jrkdau? xkdonf
uRef;ukd? pHjref; pkd;&? 0Prsufus,f? touf&Snfau? rnfemrESihf? ,ur[m?
w&mZm[k? tmPmxefjyif;? vGeBf u;D us,af u? pG,af &mifjrL;vk?Yd bDv;l rif;rSm?
ESif;onf awmifnm? aqmifeef;aysmfau? *Pmrku? tpDtajymif? aomif;
ajcmufaxmifwGif? vSacgifusL;au? bDvl;rESihf? em*&ompnf? odCKjynfukd?
pk;d onfumv? eef;arGcaH v? {uef&mS ;au? om;r&vk?Yd ykwp w
D m? rsm;rMumcif?
&ygvkad Mumif;? ewfwumuk?d yefxmG jyKysm? om;qkawmif;u? taMumif;oifph mG ?
jA[m&Gmu? cEmtm,e? kyfum,defav? ZD0defaphau? pkawusvkdY? *Prkud?
r,auau? arwd\? ukpd0rf;0,f? oaEwnf? aphavq,fv? 'or?
,urdcif? orD;i,fukd? a&Teef;xufrSm? rsufESmjrifa&/
3/
rsufESmjrifau? zcif,u? rBuD;t&G,f? orD;i,fav? kyf
&nf&vSv?Ydk ly*kr?D bGaYJ wmfcsaD u? oufa0pHo;D ? cspo
f rD;rSm? Bu;D t&G,af &muf?
vSNyHK;csKdau? ysKdqHawmuf[k? qkdavmufaomcg? "rwmjzifh? Cm&m0go?
*a[aESmif au? wnfaxmifcsrnf? rdESihfzwkdY? jyKMuavau? jrwfonfae&m?
jA[m&Gmu? vmoljzpf? avmuDtmkH? umr*kPfav? BuHKtawGUukd? rarGU
csifvkdY? jiif;qef qkdaomf? tkdtkdorD;? om;vifukdav? vkdr&Sdu? rdbrsKd;aqG?
NrdKUa&TjynfrSm? aevkdYravsmf? awmcef;0grSm? olawmfESvkH;? bduLeDau? ax&f
&Dx;Hk jzih?f usio
hf ;Hk aeav? qkw
dk aHk y? NrKd iaf jcawmtky?f crnf;&mZm? orD;awmf
ukd? ESifumxkwfau? kuqm,m? awma[rmukd? ,uarvS? vlwrQwkdY? ly
*kr?D wkid ;f XmeDu? xGucf sw
D aHk &Smif;? ta*gxH[?k psmefuadk vhau? &aohausmif;
uk?d vsiaf Mumif; rMum? a&mufavygau? jcif;&mpum;? aMumif;rsK;d pku
H ?dk tukef
ajym? usifhjim; oDv? &aohrvQif? jyKxNyD;xG,f? ocFrf;i,fjzihf? aeav
aomcg? &aohausmu
f ? awG;ajrmfaxmufq? bduL eDav? *krrD rSm? a&SUuypn;f ?
taMumif;a&; aMumihf? &ifaoG;okH;a,muf? &avmuf&Sdonf? &aohysHrSm?
OmPfrsufpdjzihf? jrifodav? "dym,fr<uif;? ajymjyjcif;u? vif&if;Muif,m?

yuwdau? r&Sd ygbJ? ykwmom;ukd? 'umrrSm? &csifvkdau? jA[pkd&fw&m;?
ESvkH;xm;u? yw jrm;yrm? om;&wemvQif? &ygvdrfhrnf? &aohausmfrSm?
arQmfpOf;pm;Asm? ajymwwfawav/
4/
ajymwwfawav? ar*krrD ? om;a&Tpifu?dk vkcd siv
f
S ? jA[0d
[m? pD;jzef;ygaomf? &SnMf umjrihaf nmif;? ESp&f pS af omif;uk?d usiafh umif;bm0em?
tmEkabmfaMumih?f jA[mewfrif;? xuf0Vmu? oufumqif;vk?Yd usijfh cif;oDv?
&aohrtm;? woighukd? tb,fqkukd? ,ckvkd[k? rdefYqkdumv? &aohrrSm?
om;&vkdaMumif;? awmif;yefqkd? qkukdawmif;aomf? &aMumif;oihf avsmf?
rd,um\? 0rf;ay:txuf? rkd;jA[mav? nma&TvufESihf? csufukd&pf avSU?
okH;ywfarTUu? ewfaiGUoihfxG,f? tdyfaysmfav? xufjynfjA[m? jyefavyg
aomf? xkcd gumv? &aohaEGav? ar,urmS ? okyEd m xifpmG ? jrifum rufonf?
vuPmrSm? &omcsKjd rwf? oD;wHcufEiS ?fh o&ufo;Hk ckid ?f yifay:xufu? vufEiS hf
ukdif? tckdifq,fvkH;? o&ufcsKdukd? pm;rsKd;okH;vkdY? wpfvkH;wpfckdif? oD;kdkdukd?
rsKu
d mpm;aomf? rsm;pGmcsKid v
f ?Ydk wpfcidk o
f ;Hk vk;H ? o&ufcsKu
d ?dk rok;H bJ? ESpv
f ;Hk ukrd ?l
ax&focifav? &Si&f aohu?dk oGm;wJv
h LS au? ,lumukid jf im;? wpfv;Hk ukad v?ok;H
rsKdpm;vkdY? jrifjim;tdyfruf? okyEmav? jyvmcsufaMumifh? Ekd;vsuf auxcg?&
aohausmu
f ?dk aMumif;&mruse;f ? ocFr;f omav? 0d[mxufrmS ? tdyrf ufjyefa&/
5/
tdyfrufjyefau? jyTefcJwkH edrdwfykHukd? wdwHKt&? &aoh
ausmfrSm? arQmfaxmufqaomf? &wkHoaE? 'umrrSm? *Awnf? zGm;rnfwkH
ajrmuf? om;okH;a,mufwGif? wpfa,mufom;rSm? acgif;q,fjrTmESihf? awZm
xGef; awmuf? xkdaemuf0,fwGif? tv,fzGm;au? om;wpfa,mufu? tm;
ajrmufwkHNyD;? o&ufckdifNyD;? tcsKdifoD;okdY? r&Sdynm? aemufqkH;zGm;au? om;
ykwm\? vuPmtaMumif;? o&ufrOL? qufuyfvSL? olawmfaumif;wkdY?
xkH;a[mif; ukdavQmuf? om;nDukdav? xkdokH;a,mufukd? zGm;ajrmufvdrfhrnf?
&aohausmfrSm? arQmfpOf;pm;vkdY? a[mvkdufayau? oaEvnf;&? ,urrSm?
aphq,fvjzihf? yxrom;rSm? acgif;q,fjzmESihf? zGm;jrifNyD;rS? 'kwd,ESihf?
wwd , ajrmuf ? yw j rm;wpf u k H ; ? tvm;EI e f ; au? om;ok H ; a,muf u k d ?
zGm;ajrmufoefpY if? arG;rdcifvQi?f jrifonfrsuEf mS ? &aohausmu

f ? bGUJ aY wmfemr?
okH;a,mufonf;csm? vuPmukd? axmufarQmfqvkdY? 'o*D&d? om;tBuD;rSm?
acgif;rsm;pGmav? q,f jzm&S[
d ?k *kr*d P? wpfa,muf0,fvQi?f tv,fom;uk?d
xm;NyD;rSvQif? aemufrS zGm;arQmf? om;,umrSm? ynmrsufpd? odjrifajrmfau?
olawmfx;Hk vQi?f ESv;Hk &Sv
d ?Ydk bdbo
d e? &aohausmaf v? wmyrSm? emroD;oD;?
om;ok;H jzmuk?d bGaYJ wmfay;vk?Yd tBu;D ti,f? tv,ftvwf? wqwfqwfau?
BuD;vwfwkH ajrmuf? vSywifhw,f? IpzG,fav? t&G,fa&mufaw/
6/
t&G,fa&mufau? cspfavmufMuifem? om;okH;jzmwkdY? vdrm
wkaH jrmuf? vSwifw
h ,fav? t&G,af &mufu? awG;axmufqifjcif;? arG;zcifu?dk
rjrifrod? om;&if;csmwkdY? jcif;Zmwdukd? od&apcsif? arG;rdciftm;? aMumif;tif
ppfaq;? aeYrusefukd? zefzefar;u? &ifaoG;oD;oD;? IrNiD;au? om;BuD;om;
i,f? a&TEkdY &Sifav? rdcifzGm;au? oem;zG,fwkdY? rsKd;EG,f0Ho? wkdif;XmeDav?
oD[VrSm? ,uaEG;dk ? xD;jzLykid af v? ,nf;jzLpk;d au? armifb;dk &mZm? zyDwmu?
jA[mrkd; ewf? om;onf;csmwkdY? NrJpGmrSwfavm? onf;yGwfuMuif? igrdcifu?
om;vif jrwfukd? udavabmifav? aESmiftzGJYukd? rawGUvkd? awmkdNrdKif0?
bm0emESihf? aysmfumzGJYau? &aohr[k? ,urdcif? ajymavusifaomf? zcif&Sd
&m? jA[m&Gmukd? oGm;yg&ap? om;,uwkdY? ajymMuavaomf? ti,ftBuD;?
igrdcifav? a&T&ifo;D wk?Yd &yfa0;ajrwm? jA[m&Gmuk?d oGm;&mtaMumif;? xuf
0Vmav? tmum&yfukd? rwwfaumif;wnf;? om;aumif;,u? arG;zcifukd?
jrifcsifMuu? jA[rEef? bm0eHukd? aeY,Hrjywf? om;i,fom;BuD;? arh&ifaoG;
wkdY? pD;jzef; vwfrS? rkd;ewfjA[m? zyDwmvQif? a&mufvmvdrfhrnf? arG;rdcifrSm?
om;&SifwkdYukd? okdYqkdavaomf? kyf&nfykdifjyif? arG;zcifukd? jrifcsifpdwfwwf?
jA[pkd&fav? xkdw&m;ukd? yGm;Muvwf? jrwftmEkabmf? ESpf&Spfaomif;ukd?
jrifhanmif;Mum aomf? jA[mewfrif;? xkdcgwkH? bkHuqif;? om;&if;&Sd&m?
vmNy;D cgrS? arwm ur|mef;? pD;jzef;&GwMf u? ighuw
dk onf? om;vSom;aumif;?
nDtpfukdwkdY? vkdaom qkukd? ,ckawmif;av/
7/
,ckawmif;av? taMumif;pum;? om;ouf&Sifukd? zcif
ajymu? ok H ; yg;aemif n D ? om;ouf a 0wG i f ? *k r D * P ? om;vS t vwf ?
qkawmif;jrwfukd? awmif;vwfjcif;&m? taMumif;rSmum;? uRefawmfom;vS?
arG;onfhzcif? rsufESm jyifukd? jrifcsifvS? aeYn rqdwf? rtdyfrae?

jA[p&dk af v? xkw
d &m;uk?d yGm;rsm;ay? vko
d nfq
h rk mS ? q,fEh pS f ESpu
f ?dk wGupf pf
Mumatmif? tdyfyg&ap? tcsdefus? xwkHayvnf;? nDonfrqkd? pm;csifvkd
aomf? aumufrsKdokH;pm;? t&omrSm? oumysm;okdY? vQmzsm;onf? yx0DrSm?
ajrukdpm;vnf;? &Sdjim;ap [k?awmif;avumv? r[*Kwfcsrf;om? psefESihfaysmf
au? jA[mzu? om;vS&ap? qkdwkHavaomf? ti,fykw? awmif;qkqkdu? vkd
udprSm? om;vSuRefawmf? olawmfaumif;ukd? taMumif;arQmf? aygif;azmf
&aMumif;? arG;zcifukd? qkvQif awmif;au? om;aumif;y@d? ynm&Sdau?
bdbdoe? aemufqkH;arQmfau? onf;csmvSukd? tzjA[m? om"kac:?
qkawmf&ap? qkdwkHavau? xkdonf umv? Mo&|[k? '*D&d? wkr&Sdatmif?
qkBuD;udkyef? zyDwmav? jA[mrif; ukd? awmif;jcif;[efu? tuRefom;vS?
Mo&|uk?d avmuajray:? vGejf yif;xef atmif? &efpeufvQi?f tzuf&mS vnf;?
xGufay:rnfhol? uRef;ZrLrSm? wpfvl r&Sd? tifjynfhpkHav? *kPfowdESihf?
cyfodrf;rsm;pGm? &efwumukd? atmifygvkd aMumif;? zcifxHrSm? usKd;EGHjyKysm?
yefqkawmif;a&/
nDaemifokH;yg;wkdY rdcifxHcGifhyef jynfjyefcef;

8/
yefqkawmif;au? taMumif;pmem? zjA[mrSm? axmufarQmf
pOf;pm;? ig\om;onf? rD;yGm;peuf? trIqkdifrl? wkNydKifolav? jyLrxGufu?
ESyd pf ufcsif wkid ;f ? rcsiEhf idI ;f bJ? rku
d f idk ;f Murf;wrf;? bkaH vmuDrmS ? *kPo
f rd
f ;dI vk?Yd
tusKd;EGrf; atmif? qkd;oGrf;vdrfhrnf? rSwfwkHay? oufa0om;vS? ,ckvkd[k?
qkuadk wmif;au? aMumif;udpr mS ? t|pEm? pMumwpfq?l arsmufEiS v
hf u
l ?dk onf;
tla&Smif au? onfuayaomf? atmifapownf;? om;okH;azmfukd? qkawmf
ay;? jrifhNrJ rMum jA[m&GmokdY? jyefumrae? oGm;wkHavu? xkdonf umv?
crnf;awmfu?dk awmif;umjyKau? atmifq&k u? '*D&?d tqdy&f
dS ? pdwBf u;D
vnf;0if? raysmf&Tifau? NrdKifcGifawmu? oGm;vkdfcsif? rdcifvSukd? c,
awmif;yef? taMumif;jyefvkdY? EkdifiHompnf? rsKd;tpnfav? ykdiftkyfpkd;au?
bk;d rif;jynfu?dk tarGcaH Mumif;? om;oufEw
HS ?Ydk cGiyhf efawmif;u? awmausmif;
pHaysm?f rdrmwmrSm? wm;umzsuq
f ?dk ajymygaomfvnf;? om;awmfrsm;wk?Yd em;r
csKad omf? tkjd to
dk ufa0? b,ufo,
G w
f ?Ydk ti,ftaxG;? tv,farG;au? tBu;D
tvwf? rdrmwmav? rSmpum;uk?d em;0,fcsyv
f ?Ydk rSwMf uygav? wkid ;f XmaerSm?
a&Tjynf odCK? csKyfckdifjzihf? tkyfykdifpkd;au? xkdrif;tkdukd? ac:qkdemr? *@rsuf
us,?f touf&n
S [
f ?k trnf&au? armifrwoD;? rSL;Bu;D rwfi,f? bGeYJ mrnfu?dk
rSmayNyD;rS? &ifaoG;oufa0? bkd;rif;ausmfukd? jcif;&mrsm;vQif? ajymMuav[k?
aoaocsmcsm? rdrmwmrSm? ajymrSmNyD;rS? wkdif;Xmaeav? a&Tjynfeef;ukd?
vrf;Tefjya&/
9/
vrf;Tefjyau? om;vSokH;azmf? &aohausmfukd? zl;ajrmfOD;cs?
rdrmwmukd? *g&0jzihf? GwfctOvD? vufOD;csDysm? aemifnDokH;a,muf?
oGm;wkHavau? jynfukda&mufu? ajrmufOw&? wHcg;00,f? apmihfxbDvl;?
wHcg;rSL;ESihf? yl; aygif;wkdifyif? yef;awmfcGifukd? ckd0ifwkHajrmuf? bkd;rif;ausmf\?
a&SUawmfa&mufu? ok;H a,mufvv
k if? ajcawmf&if;uk?d bk;d rif;jrifaomf? aMumif;
tifoda&;? t&if&Smysm? jcif;&mar;u? ajr;vSokH;azmf? xkdtcgwGif? rdwmrdvS?
tcgcgav? rSmorQESihf? tzjA[m? aMumif;oepfau? jzpfjcif&mukd? bkd;awmf
xHarSmuf? prusefukd? yef;Mum;avQmufu? aumufrsKd;rwwf? bkd;rif;tkdrSm?
ukd,fukdyGwfvkdY? onf;yGwfpHoD;? ighorD;\? &ifaoG;&ifom;? vS,Ofaus;au?

ighajr;rsm;wkdY? tbGm;tbkd;? tm;tifwkd;vkdY/ tkd;t&m? rsKd;EG,fvmjzihf?
qufcgcH,l? csKyftcsm av? tkyfumrkd;vkdY? pkd;rnfholau? ajr;jzLokH;a,muf?
yrmaqmifaomf? a&Tawmif aygufvkdY? vma&mufonfrSm? igbkd;awmfvnf;?
Z&m0,? lykyf&nf? rwifh w,fav? t&G,fusvkdY? jynfrwkdif;jrwf?
ajr;ok;H jzmwGi?f aemifawmfBu;D uk?d xD;eef;tyfrnf? rSww
f aHk y? apumcefx
Y m;?
ywf0ef;&Hau? rwf0efrsm;wkdY? ya&m[dw? jA[mPESihf? '*D&d? ausmfESHodvkdY?
rnf&edS mr? bk;d rif;&mZm? rdet
Yf mPmESi?fh ajr;awmfvu
S ?dk c*qw0?H OKP
H o
dS EH iS ?fh
0gvHADZePD? trnf&Sd onf? rPd&wem? rif;wefqmukd? qifumvnf;0wf?
bdodufwifysm? a&pif oGef;au? xD;eef;tyfaw/
10/
xD;eef;tyfau? rSL;rwf0ef;&H? eef;a0,HrmS ? bufprH rQ? bke;f
awZmESihf? tmPmcsif;au? rif;'[k? emrxifay:? owif;ausmfau?
nDawmf ESpfa,muf? bDvl;BuD;rSm? ajr;eef;OmPfukd? csD;ajrmufwkHNyD;?
atmifvHxlau? ppfolBuD;ESihf? tdrfa&SU&mtyf? eef;a0,Hav? rSefjymom'frSm?
rwfBu;D rSL;Bu;D ? toD;oD;ESi?hf xD;jzLyvi?f O*ijf zefrY ;dk wkid ;f ckid u
f ?dk ykid t
f yk pf ;dk au?
trsK;d ,u? acgif;q,fcrG mS ? arG;zyDwm? jA[mqk&? a&SUuukov
dk ?f xkb
d v
D ;l rSm?
txl;ykd? odCKjynfr? tpkd;&vkdY? owr'D0g? ckepfaeYvQif? aphaomcg0,f?
tmumxuf jyif? a[0efcGifESihf? ajrjyifwpfavQmuf? oGm;rnfqkdaomf?
vk d & mayguf v k d Y ? a&muf a pwwf j im;? av,mOf y sH a v? psmef & xm;vQif ?
xHyg;awmfrSm? awmif;qk qkdau? ukokdvfaxmufvkdY? a&mufwkHvSmau?
awZmwefc;dk ? wk;d wufw;dk vk?Yd tpk;d vnf;ykid ?f av,mOfysEH iS ?fh *Ekid af wmawmif?
a[0ef a csmif u k d ? ra&S m if y sH oef ; ? wk d u f p Mu0Vm? &pf v uf , mjzih f ?
ywfum0ef;vk?Yd tpGr;f ukjd y? wpfaomif; ajrrSm? acgif;q,fc[
G ?k csrd ;f yNy;D uG,?f
tjynf j ynf u k d ? vS n h f v nf o G m ;&m? wpf a eY cg0,f ? &wemjrausmuf ?
awmifrif;A[kd? av;a&mifpkdau? jrif;rkd&fatmufrSm? cavmufokH;vkH;?
ydwfzkH;&Hum? ,lZemav? ocsFmavmif;au? aomif;rsufESm? &wemoJjyif?
jzLazG;azG;au? ykvJoGifukd? bk&if&mZm? tol&mwkdY? aeaysmfwkH ajrmuf?
orkdif;wnfau? a&Tjynfeef;ukd? ysHoef;a&mufaw/
acgif;q,fvkH; bDvl;ausmf
tol&morD;ukd&cef;
11/
ysH o ef ; a&muf a u? bk e f ; awmuf b D v l ; ? &ef G e f Y c l ; uk d ?
ewfrSL;&mZm? tol&mvQif? jrifaomfaMumufvefY? bkef;awmf&efukd? rcH0Hh?
0rf;rSwfpdwfu? ,uonf? xufuysHoef;? ighbkHeef;rSm? *kPftpGrf;ESihf?
xl;qef;ow0g? olYkyf0grSm? cEm{u? ukd,fum,wGif? 'oq,fjzm?
pk u maygif ; au? acgif ; rsm; pG m vQif ? ol Y r S m vnf ; &S d ? yrmaqmif a omf ?
awmif*D&dokdY? rsufpdwGufa&? vkH;ESpf q,fESihf? BuD;us,f,u? wHcg;0okdY?
yg;pyfq,fayguf? oGm;tHaygufEiS ?fh pG,f a&mifawmufau? vefaY Mumufcref;?
&xm;,k d i f E S i h f ? Nyd K if u moef ; au? igh e ef ; uk d a &muf ? tpG r f ; [k e f E S i h f ?
*kPfukdawmufaomf? bkef;awmufa&mifjrL? bDvl; ukd? pyfyl;aygif;zuf?
orD;unm? &wemukd? igvQifqufvkd? igorufawmf? jyKNyD;cgrS? Akdvfyg&Jruf?
jrif ; rk d & f r @d K if ? 0w y k d i f u k d ? uk d , f w k d i f w uf v k d Y ? wk d u f z suf &aomf ?
orufawmfaMumih?f atmifygvdrrhf nf? rSww
f aHk y? xko
d nf&mZm? tol&mvQi?f
ysLiSmacsmnuf? xkwfumTef;au? EIwfcGef;qufvkdY? vufxyf r*Fvm?
orD ; awmf u k d ? ES i f ; ygawmh r nf ? ok d Y j zpf o nf a Mumih f ? BuD ; us,f o bif ?
IrNiD;atmif? jyKNyD;usifhrS? yOifwl&d,m? toD;oD;ukd? wD;rIwfumjzihf? &wem
aygif;pk? orufawmfavmif;? olYOD;acgif;ukd? taMumif;jyK? q,fckrukd#f?
txGwpf u
dk v
f su?f cspv
f rYdk 0? uk,
d &hf ifaoG;au? orD;vS[?k lyvSacsm? kyyf idk jf yif
ukd? jrifolarmau? raEm'ed? rnf&Sdemr? orD;vSukd? jr'Gg'&m? jrifrNiD; atmif?
qifNyD;cgrS? ESpfjzmvufxyf? tol&mav? &mZmrif;rSm? aqmif;ESif;tyfav/
12/
aqmifESif;tyfau? vufxyfr*Fvm? jyKNyD;cgrS? tol&m
&ifoGD;? bDvl;bk&if? jrL;um&Tifau? MuifZeD;ESihf? pD;eif;wkHvsuf? &xm;ay:rSm
tomwufvkdY? iSuf\t[ef? av,mOfysHESihf? jyefumvmajrmuf? jynfodCK
wGi?f xkcd ga&mufau? wpfa,mufMuif&m? ewfunmuk?d bk;d awmf,u? kyyf idk f
jyifukd? jrifvwfuvQif? tm*ajr;awmf? bkef;a&mifNzdK;? [kd;[kd;ausmfatmif?
tol&mwGif? ewfrif;BuD;rSm? orD;&wem? wyifaysmfukd? Muif&mr,m;?
a&Teef;aqmifrSm? awmifnmxm;[k? oGm;udk,fwkdif? &xm;,kdifESihf? &Ekdifacs

wwf? tm*vlav? tluom;au? a,mufsm;jrwf[?k ewfbv
D ;l tk?d ud,
k \
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ukd? csD;ajrmufqkdau? odCKjynfr? tkyfpkd;ykdifysm? ,mOfukd&au? 'o&mZm?
acgif;q,fv;Hk au? bD;vl;ausmu
f ? tol&morD;? MuifZeD;uk?d ykw;D pdeaf usmuf?
xdefxdefawmufrQ? vufaumufvufMuyf? udk,foZifrSm? qifum0wfau?
e0&wfrsK;d ? vQypf pf xk;d vk?Yd cg;BuKd ;'Gg'&m? toD;oD;vQi?f qifNy;D cgrS? awmifnm
a&TnD? ra[oD[k? a'0DbGJYwyf? wajymifajymifav? taqmifcef;ESihf? awmif
eef;tyfaw/
13/
awmifeef;tyfau? jymom'f&wem? eef;od*FgrSm? aqGawmf
rsKd;aygif;? txyfxyfau? rSL;rwfaumif;ESihf? wpfaomif;ajcmufaxmif?
a&Teef;aqmif0,f? tajymiftpD? &Ha&TnDwGif? *rDrnf&? rif;'rSm? ESr
vnf;jzpf? t&if; &Smysm? jcif;&mppfu? rdcspfrmwm? nDrawmfrSm? onf;csm&if
aoG;? vufOD;jrif? MuifrNiD;au? orD;rdef;r? tBuHtpnf? OmPfyvDESihf?
*rDrrSm? a,mufrawmf xH? rsm;a>c&Hukd? pDrHcefYcGJ? rIcyfodrf;rSm? BuD;tuJau?
jrwfav;tifwkd;? jynhfNzdK;pkHau *kPfwefckd;ESihf? owkd;,u acgif;q,fcG[k?
emrxifay:? tol&m ewfrif; orD;awmfu?dk qufygjcif;uk?d aomif;wGi;f ausmf
vk?Yd tmPmpufawmuf? xufEiS afh tmufu?dk ESrd ahf csmufausmaf pm? ta0;jynf
&Gm? {u&mau? &mZmrif;wkdY? owif;Mum;u? e*g;*VKef? zdrfhzdrfhwkefau?
*krP
u
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rEIef;om? yEm vuf,Suf? orD;unm? rD;wpf&mwkdY? vmumqufvkdY? bkef;
usufoa&? wkd;wufay? jynfukdcsKyfum? tmPm[defav? xdefxdefBudK;vkdY?
pkd;pHaysmfaomf? awmifnm rdzk&m;? raEm'ed? vSjymjzLav? eef;olrdrSm?pGJ&Sd
oaE? 'orvQi?f q,fv ae? wGuaf &aphusi?f &wemav? eef;vsmom;uk?d
zGm;ajrmfjrifa&/
14/
zGm;ajrmfjrifau? zcif&mZm? om;a&TvTmukd? Empdw?
Mo&o[k? emronm? bGJYwHqdyfukd? ESdyfNyD;cgrS? &wemNydK;jyuf? BudK;od*av?
pdefykcufESihf? wpfzufig;&m? om;a&TvTmukd? ajzazsmfxdef;&? bDvl;BuD;rSm?
xm;NyD;rSvQif? eef;ra0,H? urmay:rSm? ausmfwapmjzihf? aysmfyg;pHau?
wpf&Ha&mcg? zGJYoHcsKd ESihf? a&SUukdqef;au? wpfcef;rSmu? tol&mwGif;?

jcif;jrausmufwkdifav? ckdifwGif;rSm? ewfrif;&mZm? wm0wukd? ESdrfumpkd;au?
rkd;EmESihf? urm&efzuf? jzpfonfwGufaMumihf? txufa'go? ya,m*jzihf?
aum"trsuf? tol&mav? &mZmrif;rSm? jyif;jyif;xGuf? orufausmfacgif?
bDv;l armifu?dk tifaxmiftm;uk?d 0wyidk u
f ?dk uk,
d w
f idk w
f ufyf sm? ppfrufx;dk rnf?
okdYjzpfonf aMumihf? a&Taya&TvTm? a&;NyD;cgrS? &mZawmfoH? orufxHukd?
wrefapvTwf? ppfulyg[k? ac:jyefvwfau? ewfbDvl;rif;? rSwfwkHjcif;au?
owif;awZm? eif;tmPmESi?fh tol&mwGiNf y;D ? ewfrif;Bu;D rSm? orD;Muifzuf?
oruf&Sdonf? ighowdukd? rodavavm? ewfjynfpkd;jcif;? orD;Muifzuf?
oruf&Sdonf? ighowdukd? rodavavm? ewfjynfpkd;jcif;? odMum;rif;vQif?
rmefwifaxmifvTm;? orufausmfav? igwpfa,mufukd? raxmufxm;bJ?
armuf<um;*kPfjy? oluwifuysm? t&ifpvkdY? ighOD;&D;awmf? orufwlav?
ulygawmh[k? ighukdac:a&? apmfapmfum;um;? rkd;odMum;ukd? xGm;xGm;aMurG?
awmifjrif;rkd&fyg? NydKvkdYusatmif? vsifpGrae? igwpfrlav? ppfulvkdufysm?
wkdufckdufrnfav/
15/
wku
d cf u
dk rf nfav? BupH nfwjHk im;? olrY ,m;uk?d ajyma[mwkNH y;D ?
bDv;l Bu;D rSm? pD;eif;wkjH im;? &xm;,mOfEiS ?fh NyKd iu
f moGm;aomf? ywjrm;ausmuf?
jra&mifawmufau? cavmuf&0H ef;? wpfaxmif,Zl em? tol&mwk?Yd pHaysmjf ref;
au? a&Teef;a&Tjynf? vsirf aeau? a&mufonfumv? a,muru? tm;&0rf;
om? xkt
d cgvQi?f Akv
d yf gtkwu
f su?f jrif;rk&d t
f mvde?f wm0wu?dk csu
D mwuf?
vufeufjyifxed ;f ? tol&ed Ef iS ?fh a'0de'f &mZf? orD;awmfav? olZmaoG;aMumif?h
ppfyGJjzpfvkdY? vQyfppfvnf;jyuf? 0&Zdefav? xdefxdefBudK;au? rkd;BudK;pufukd?
ppfajrwmrSm? awZmuGefYjrL;? ppfAkdvfrSL;au? bDvl;&mZm? bkef;awZmaMumihf?
NyKd umysujf yKe?f jrif;rk&d cf kid ?f 0wyidk af v? rEkid f ;HI au? pk;Hk Akv
d af jc? orufausmf
av? vmumwku
d v
f ?Ydk ppfatmifavaomf? atmifpnftajrmuf? ewfrif;&mZm?
tol&mrSm? aqmfumazmufvkdY? jrausmuf&wem? &H0ef;umau? atmifcsmXm
ae? rsm;a>c&HESihf? jyefvmajrmufvkdY? atmufewfjynfukd? a&mufonfhumv?
a,muru? ighoruf&if;? bDvl;rif;vQif? ysif;&dvdrfhrnf? atmifyGJcHAsm?
atmifvHaqmufau? csD;ajrmufawav/
16/
csD;ajrmufawau? BuD;us,fobif? odCKrSL;au? bDvl;rif;
u? pD;eif; wkHjim;? udk,fhEkdifiHukd? psef&xm;ESihf? jyefoGm;rnfcg? a,murrSm?
ajrmufqumjzihf? &wema&TaiG? ol&mjynfu? Akdvfajc&Jruf? ewfvufeufukd?
qufo wkHvkduf? odCK jynfukd? jyefavjim;au? &xm;wkdufau? ppfatmif
jrifjcif;? aMumif;wpfoif;aMumihf? aqmifESif;awmifnm? Muif&mawmf[k?
tol&morD;? IrNiD;au? pHoD;ly? raEm'ed? trnf&Sdau? ewfrdef;ru? a&S;
uxufyif? rdrv
d ifu?dk cspcf ifprHk uf? ol&mjynfu? aot&ufu?dk csuv
f yk Nf y;D cg?
qufoyg aomf? rsm;pGmaomufvu
dk ?f jynfoC
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vpfvyf w&m;? usihfazmufjim;au? q,fyg;rif;usifh? ,Gif;o jzihfvQif? roifh
ESvkH;? t&ufaopm? ar&d,mukd? 0pGmokH;au? ,pfrl;umv? tm[m&ukd?
0g'wwfum? omr,jzih?f umvMumaomf? tol&morD;? olZY eD;vnf;? opfo;D
opf acguf? a&G;umaumuf? rsm;ajrmufv;Hk pk?H aqmufttku
H ?dk pkyx
Hk m;vsu?f
jrifhwm&Snfatmif? aot&uf? usKdcsufwkHjim;? bDvl;BuD;rSm? opfoD;&Smav?
apumxm;au? trsm;ukrP
?f olaY us;uReu
f ?dk &SmBuo
H pfo;D ? awm&dyNf rKd iaf v?
*EkdifBuD;rSm? ckdrSD;aeaysmf? &aohausmfwkdY? arGYavsmfokH;pm;? vkH;i,fvkH;BuD;?
csKt
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f ;D [efaMumih?f
&SmBuHr&? &aohausmfwkdY? arGUavsmfawmfrSm? &Sm;yg;Mua&/
17/
&Sm;yg;Muau? tm[m&"mwf? acgif;yg;vwf? iwfrGwf
aomcg? ta*g"H[k? psmefysHarGUau? &aohausmfwkdY? &d,myx? rrQMubJ?
'Dyatmifajr? odCK jynfu? oajy'Dyg? uRe;f csmuk?d <uvmwkMH u? acgif;wpf
q,frSm? pG,fjr jrESihf? ,ubDvl;? aoaomufMuL;vnf;? jrL;xl;aomufpm;?
olYr,m;ESihf? olYom;tdrf&m? olYMuif&mukd? Smwmr&Sd? usifhazmufjyefysm?
vGefqkd;oGrf;au? rSef;rodbJ? &rd&&m? jyKusihfumjzihf? tcgwpfyg;? &xm;
psmefESihf? ysHumoGm;au? awma[0efNrdKif? Emtkdifukd? &HqkdifydwfzkH;? pdrf;kd
ajymifau? awmifig;vkH;wGif? wpfvkH;aovm? *Erm0,f? pH&mXme? xD;eef;
onfau? Xm&mcsv?Ydk 'kr&mZm? ewfrif;Bu;D rSm? orD;awmf[?k ckepfjzmnDtpfr?
ewfukrm&D pkHtnDvQif? usihfoDvESihf? *EAewforD;jrwfwkdY? e0&wfa0,H?
jymom'fysHESihf? 0JysHoGm;vm? tcgcgav? azmftrsm;ESihf? aysmfyg;Mu&m xkdae
cgwGif? &mZmapmrSL;? jynfodCK u? MunhfIrNiD;? ewforD;wkdY? taxG;aomol?
vSysKjd zLukd jrifrl csp?f wPSm t[ke?f umr*kPrf mS ? tmk&H pfv?Ydk Muifcsppf um;?
bDvl;rif;rSm? twif;ajymu? em;remvkd? ewfarysKdrSm? ajymqkdjiif;qef?

vufrcHaomf? bke;f uHBu;D jcif;? acgif;q,fjzmESi?fh igokrYd if;uk?d jiif;&rnfavm?
oabmxm;ESihf? w&m;r0if? rqifjcifbJ? nufpifjym&G ewfolZmav?
unmvSukd? umr&m*D? jiif;rvGwf bJ? pyf,SufrSDa&/
18/
pyf,SufrSDau? oDwmtavmif; ewfudE&D? vSod*av?
usifhoDvESihf? rdef;raumif;ukd? yl;aygif;pyf,Suf? ,u&mZm? ravsmf&mukd?
avmfrmrIvQif? jyKonfwGufaMumihf? t&Sufvnf;&? Zmr&DokdY? usifhoDvESihf?
*EAorD;? jymom'f ysHESihf? vSpHoD;rSm? ,kdpD;rsuf&nf? usifhoDvvQif?
ysuf&onfaMumihf? wm&Snfjrifh Mum? vlY&GmrSm? aeaomfuusyf? arouf
a0rSm? aoaomfjrwfrnf? rSwfwkH ay? BuHapcJcuf? umarokukd? jyKonf
wGuaf Mumif?h yEuo
f pm? jyKonfrmS u? ormZm&? usiZhf m*Dav? ighov
D vQi?f
ysuf&{uef? ,u&efaMumihf? jzpfjyef cJhrl? oDv[kef;ESihf ? rD;ykHxif&Sm;?
ara&SUrSmvQif? ay:apom;[k? pdwftBuHESihf? "d|mefjyKaomf? olYukokdvf[kef?
oDv*kPfaMumihf? rD;ykHBuD;pGm? tNyD;ay:aomf? wpfcgxyfrH? "d|mef[efu?
qHajcwpfpw
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aornf? okjYd zpfonfaMumih?f wnfMunfnrD Q? usiZfh m*Dav? ighov
D vQi?f ysu&f
wkHjim;? taMumif;tm;aMumihf? aemifaomumv? ,u\? oDvOD;acgif;?
pkumkH;au? q,fvkH;aygif;ukd? aumif;uifxufu? xef;oD;ckdifav? NydKifum
usv?Ydk jrif&apom;? pdwt
f BuEH iS ?fh "d|mefjim;vk?Yd vsif vsm;rae? nD;t[keEf iS fh
rD;ykHwGif;rSm? ckefqif;aoa&/
19/
ckeq
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rD;xJ wGif? aojcif;tifukd? jrifonfumv? ESvkH;xdwfau? MuufoD;xvkdY?
wGufq jcif;&m? *EA[k? vSuvsmukd? umarokwH? igusL;vGef? vlYxHrae?
udE&mrSm? usdefpm&Gwfysm? yEufonfvnf;? BuD;us,feufeJ? tBudrfBudrfvQif?
usefumqJ ? jywfpJZDa0? avmifrD;ykHukd? wpf[kefcsif;jzihf? ckefqif;aoau?
tHhzG,fo&J? touf0dnmOf? ysufpD;[efaMumihf? rD;vQHpJu? jzLazG;jrLrIef?
jymykHrSm? wpfpkH wpfck? {0uefav? &Sdwef\[k? trSwfjyK? av;ckukrPf?
olYapuRefukd? 0ef;&H apmihfae? pkHwpfckonf? rIBuD;i,fvQif? jrifavaomcg?

igrif;ausmf[k? avQmufvSm&rnf? apmihfzefom;ESihf? cefYxm;ap? raevsif
jref? &xm;ysHESihf? jyefav wkHajrmuf pHjref;aysmfau? eef;rSma&mufu? vefY
aMumufoHa0 &avonf/
20/
vefaY Mumufra,oHa0? &wkaH y? rMunfpw
d pf uf? wouf
oufjzih?f wGupf m;qifjcif? odCK &iS rf mS ? igvQiu
f sL;vGe?f umaroku?dk jyKr[
d efrmS ?
tvGef vnf;rSm;? okdYjzpfjim;? olYom;orD;? olYcsifcifau? MuifZeD;ukd?
rk'def;trI? &efwpfcgrS? igrjyKbJ? tm,kqkH;atmif? xkdaemufaemifukd?
a&Smifygawmhrnf? pdwfrSma&Gysm? aeonfumv? kyflyHav? tvGefvSau?
*EAorD;? IrNiD;au? a&mifnD;t[kef? avmifrD;ykHrSm? ckefumqif;wG,f?
aowkHavau? aqmufwnf cJhwkH? nDtrQau? oDv[kefaMumihf? jymykHtxJ?
a&SUujyKzef? awmif;qkuHaMumihf? oaEpGJvkdY? arT;&eHYxkH? MumwpfikHvQif? jymykH
uayguf? yGihfzl;wHav? tvGefBuD;au? xD;tkHavQmufrQ? av;a,muf ukrPf?
xkdtaMumif;ukd? acgif;q,fvkH;[k? bDvl;xHrSm? yefumMum;avQmuf? opm
"d|mef? jyKjcif;[efukd? OmPfESihfaxmufu? &GHUaMumufvefYwkH? xkdMumikHrSm?
wpfpkHwpfck? {0uefau? &Sdwef\[k? trSwfjyK? av;OD;,u? trZukd?
aomhaygif;wpf&m? oHaowmESi?fh jrpfrmS arQmav? rdecYf eG ;f apu? rae vsiv
f sm;?
xku
d rk P
w
f ?Ydk jyefumoGm;? xl;jcm;vSpmG ? oH aowmrSm? wpf&omaomhaygif;?
qkday cJhwkH? xkdMumikHukd? xnfhwkHa&Smif;? a&aMumif;yifv,f? arQmvkdufay
aomf? jrpfa&,rkef? toifhpkHvkdY? AvkH;vnf;xkd;? vIdif;wHykd;jzihf? a&kd;uyif?
rdwv
d mav? atmifcsmeef;rSm? urf;aomifjyif? wifumyg;wG,?f jrifw
h m&Snf
atmif? oJajrtkyfau? jrKyfaeava&/
21/
jrKyfaeavau? 0,fxif&Sm;? pyfum&efukd? ,Ofatmif
qef;Asm? wpfcef;xm;vkdY? pum;wefqm? a&SUukdqef;au? wpfcef;rSifu?
v[myifv,f? aomif;urf;pG,rf mS ? trnfemr? xD;eef;onfysm? Xmaecsau?
ududEm ? NrKd UatmifcsmwGi?f tmPmxefjyif;? cufcsi;f qkid yf sm? eef;NrKd i&f yd rf mS ?
okBuw
d rf if; ESi?fh nD&if;bmvD? arsmufomuDw?Ydk a'0Dawmifnm? arbwmESi?fh
&Humcanmif;? pHaysmf&m0,f? xHawmfarSmufrSm? arsmuftaygif;wkdY? odef;
aomif;oacsF? &muka#wd? BuD;us,fcGeftm;? tpGrf;[kefESihf? ckefumvTm;aomf?
ig;q,f ,lZem? olBudwfarsmufrSm? a&mufwkHygau? nDawmfwpfa,muf?

wpfomuD av? bmvDarsmufu? ckeaf jrmufwv
Hk su?f vQyw
f pfjyufrmS ? tcsuf
ig;q,f? pGrf;Ekdifay? BuD;us,fwefckd;? arsmufnDaemifwkdY? jynfaxmifpkd;vkdY?
[k;d [k;d vnf;ausm?f wpf&cH g0,f? nDawmfarsmufrif;? eef;rSqif;? 0if;0if;ae
aom? vIHaecgwGif? r,m,u? wpfaomif;ajrrSm? acgif;q,f0[k? '*D&d?
rnf&Sd rif;acgif? a&Teef;aqmifu? awmif*Erm? cgwpf&Hav? psmef&xm;ESihf?
yso
H mG ; &mwGi?f &mZmrSeu
f if;? wpfa,mufnaD v? bmvDrif;uk?d ausmef if;um
oGm;? okdYaMumif;vsmaMumifh? ckefvTm;wkvsuf? &xm;ay:rSm? vTm;umwufvkdY?
vufuwD;Mum;? oktvkdifu? ukdifumSyfau? usyfNyD;jim;rS? tm;ukdjywkH?
,rkefemukd? pkHausmfajrmufysm? okH;acgufckefa&/
22/
okH;acgufckefau wkefumqwfqwf? olYkyf&nfav? aor
wwfvQi?f jrifvwfaomcg? arsmuf&mZmrSm? tmPmjyif;xef? ajymjcif;[efu?
bkef;uH BuD;jrifh? ig bmvDac:? arsmuf&mZmav? igokdYrif;ukd? owif;pum;?
pGrf;*kPf tifukd? oifrMum;vm;? tm;ajrmuftm;ukd;? &xm;qkd;ESihf? ukd;kd;
um;&m;?ighacgif;ay:u ausmfumvTm;vkdY? oGm;onfjcif;&m? igrif;zsm;ukd?
tm;remvkdY? rsm;pGmvGefusL;? tpdrf;rsKd;au? odCKrSL;ukd? bDvl;wjcm;?
&xm;wp? jrpfyif v,fwGif? a&rSmusatmif? igcsawmhrnf? qkdwkef;avau?
jynfodCKrif;? c,usKd;EGH? taMumif;jyefysm? awmif;yefjcif;u? arsmufrif;
tay:? tm;remvkdY? ausmfumoGm;onf? rSefwkHayaomf? aoatmifyifowf?
uReu
Yf ydk ifav? oifrvTwu
f ? avsmufywfonfyif? ok&Yd mwGirf ?l bk&ifarsmuf
rif;? aeqm vIH? pHwkHjcif;ukd? tvQif;rod okdYjzpfbd? oGm;rdonfom?
wpfcgukd? jynf &Gmpkd;jcif;? rif;csif;csif;rSm? roGif;rsufrmef? onfnnf;cHysm?
jyef vTwf aMumif;? Budrfzefzefav? awmif;yefa&Smifau? if;xkdarsmuf
toufwpf acsmif;? rysuf aumif;[k? taMumif;axmufvkdY? aemufaemiffw
u,f? roGm;ayESi?fh aoatmif vwfvwf? wpfcguk?d igrowf[?k vTwaf v
aomcg? &Tif0rf;om? jyefum rae? odCKykdifrSm? ,mOf&xm;ESihf? oGm;av
onfav/
tkw&u "w&|rif;tcef;
23/
oGm;wkHavau? 0,fwpf&yf? pyfum&efukd? awmfwef
qef;ysm? wpfcef;owfvkdY? 0wKqifajc? a&SUukdqef;vkdY? wpfcef;oG,faomf?
oajyvuf,m? ajrrsuEf mS wGi?f r[m&|? kw& [k? omvSeef;ajr? MuiSe;f wnf
? xD;pnf pkd;um? wefckd;jzmau? r[m"w&|? csKyftcsmav? tkyfumrkd;ysm?
tpk;d &vk?Yd eef;rawmifnm? aumovmESi?fh ajrmufnmeef;ae? rif;auaujzih?f
tv,f eef;r? okrdw[k? lyedum,f? tifig;oG,fESihf? ra[t*? rZdrESihf?
plava'0D? ra[oD[?k a&Gno
D ;Hk yg;? aqmifeef;ay:rSm? onm&Sad u? rdzd &k m;ESi?fh
rsm;jym; rSL;rwf? txyfxyfwd? 0ef;ywf&Hum? kw&mu? tkyfumpkd;au?
[kd;[kd;ausmfvkdY? tcgwpfyg; av;a&mifpkd;au? jrif;rkd&fzsm;u? odMum;ol&m?
cgzefzefav? ppf&efjzpfvkdY? wkdufMucg0,f? tol&mbufu? orufvS[k?
,upifppf? olvQif vmysm? ulumwkdufvkdY? ppfatmifavonf? okdYjzpfay?
BuHpnfpOf;pm;? rkd;od Mum;rSm? tm;ukd;p&m? vlYjynf&Gm0,f? wGifac:emr?
rkd;EmrSm? om;awmf&if; au? rif;'ukd? qufoa&TvTm? ppfulac:vkdY?
apumrSL;rwf? &xm;ysEH iS ?fh wrefvw
T v
f ?Ydk jymom'fEiS o
fh m? vma&mufvmaomf?
&mZmrif;zsm;? rSL;rwf0ef; &H? wkdifyifcHysm? pDrHjim;vkdY? &xm;pufysH? a0Z,HESihf?
vsifjrefrae? tol&mukd? ulumwkdufvkdY? vkdufava&av/
24/
vkdufwkHavau? ewfjynfpkd;jcif;? odMum;rif;ESihf? ruif;r
uGm? tol&mwkdY? AsL[mcif;usif;? ppfxkd;jcif;ukd? &Sif&if;jrwfzsm;? y&dwf
awmfav? "Z*fokwfrSm? xkwfazmfa[mvkdY? odMum;&mZm? ppfulac:? r[m
"w&|? ewfwkdYjynfukd? a&mufavuvQif? pkdufxav;ql? wHcGefxl? 0kPf
? uka0&ESihf? 0dlVewf? ol&m&efukd? wkdufvSefjyKau? av;OD;rwfESihf?
yl;uyf,SOfNydKif? ppftifusif;? &ifcsif;qkdifysm? r@dKifjrif;rkd&f? av;a&mifpkd
vQif? uGJNydKrwwf? wpfa,mufwpfcsuf? ESpfzuf,SufvQif? vufeufvTwfu?
"w&|rif;ausm?f bke;f awZmaMumih?f ol&mysujf yef;? wku
d &f mwGiaf v? ppfvQif
IH;au? okH;vkH; cavmuf? jrif;rkd&fatmufukd? ta&mufrae? ajy;Muavau?
vljynfXme? kw&u? "w&|wGifac:? bkef;a&mifvif;au? rif;&mZmukd?
EmwGifjim;? ewfajcmufbkHukd? vkH;NcHKpkd;au? rkd;odMum;u? rsm;jym;MoZm?

ewfo'k g ESi?fh ok'g a0&d? &Srd nfwjHk im;? *kPw
f pfyg;ESi?fh xif&mS ;kyef mrf? rjrifjyef
vnf;? ajroHukd Mum;? ypfwkefjyefaomf? rSefEkdifjim;au? odMum; vufeuf?ewf
wkpYd ufu?dk qufo Ny;D aomf? vljY ynf&mG uk?d jyefumrae? &xm;ysEH iS ?fh Ekid if NH rKd Uuk?d ykYd
vSmonfav/
25/
ykdYvSmonfav? a&TjynfEkdifiH? eef;a0,HrSm? a>c&HoD;oD;? rSL;
rwfBu;D wk?Yd 0rf;od0rf;om? wk&Yd mZmav? ewf&mG wGi;f u? qif;vkv
Yd m[k? qD;um
BuKd q?dk aMumif;xkx
d u
dk ?dk ar;qkad vQmufwif? tol&muk?d ulumwku
d v
f ?Ydk ppfajr
jyifrmS ? atmifjrifaZ,s? rk;d Emav? 0go0u? o'a0&d? rnf&v
dS ufeuf?ewf
wkpYd ufu?dk qufovku
d af Mumif;? jcif;rsK;d pku
H ?dk ajymwkaH &Smif;u? taygif;Akv
d yf g?
wkdY&mZmvQif? ulumppfxkd;? &efolabmifrSm? bkef;a&mifNzdK;? rkd;ewfawmifrS?
vufeufBuD;pGm? jrm;pMumukd? qufumo[k? &Tify0rf;om? tESHYtjym;? tHhMo
ojzihf? ajymMuygau? &mZm"w? &|rif;ausmf? tol&mESihf? ,SOfumwkdufckduf?
vQyfa&mifNydK;jyuf? ewfwkdYpufESihf? vufeufypfu? xdckdufum&S? vufId;rSm
av? tem&au? umvMumwif? romusifbJ? emusifukdufcJ? pdwfrNidrfau?
ta&;aMumifh? tdyfraysmf? &Sdjcif;&mrSm? ajrmufnmeef;ae? vSjrKawau?
auauwGijf im;? rdzd &k m;u? rif;zsm;bke;f acgif? nOfah v;,HwiG ?f ovGex
f ufrmS ?
wpfrsuaf wmifr?S aumif;atmifrpuf? ttdyyf su[
f ?k nOfeh ufaomcg? cHwiG ;f
rSm? ikHumvufId;? xm;avjyefaomf? ovGef&dyfrSm? tdyfrEkd;av/
26/
tdyrf EI;d au? "mwfc;dk "mwfaiGU? cHwiG ;f *lav? yltawGUaMumih?f
ayguf aoG;jynf? uswaHk vau? auauwGijf im;? wpfa,mufuvsm? arsmuf
om;awmfav? ajrmufnmxm;u? rif;zsm;yg&ar? Ekd;vdrfhrnfukd? pkd;onfwGuf
wm? pD;us ,kdau? qkd;npfaMu;ukd? raxG;ygbJ? rsKdumvnf;cs? vifrif;ausmf
vQi?f Ek;d umxaomf? ighrmS a&m*g? aumif;csr;f omau? &Sm;uGmcJjh im;? ajrmufnm
aysmfukd? qkdumajymaomf? pum;y&d,m,f? toG,foG,fESihf? auaurdzk&m;?
cHwGif;rSm ikH? jynfaygufykHukd? tukefajymu? rif;zsm;bk&if? jynfBuD;&SifrSm?
oif\aus;Zl;? ighu,
kd w
f iG af v? wifayzl;? qkwpfyg;yg;? awG;Iavwk?H aus;Zl;
*kPfaMumihf? ay;wkHjim;tHh? oabmvkd&m? ajrmufeef;ckdav? kdaEGaESmif;rSm?
awmif;wkHyg[k? qkdawmfrlu? rdef;rOmPfESihf? BuH,lq? uRefrvkdcg? xkdqk

awmfukd? awmif;ygawmhrnf? &Sifrif;xHrSm? jyefumwyfysm? tyfxm;ay[k?
qkdwkHavjim;? arsmufom;awmfav? ajrmufnmxm;ukd? rif;zsm;jrwfEkd;?
q,fqwkd;? tkyfrkd; xD;jzL? pkd;awmfrlau? Akdvfvl0ef;ywf? eef;ujyom'f?
rif;jrwfaysmfpH? cgwpf&HwGif? o'Ha0&d? vufeufukdvQif? prf;vkdbd? rdefY&Sdtm
Pm? wwfausyGef av? rwf0efrsm;ukd? pum;rSma&/
27/
pum;rSmau? jynf&Gmwkdif;jrwf? a&;t&mukd? vTJumtyf?
"w&|rif;ausm?f awmNrKd io
f muk?d pMumvufeuf? eef;XmeDu? vSr;f csx
D u
G af u?
awmeuf awmifpG,f? pkHNrdKifajcukd? a&mufavaomcg? *Ekdifkdav? xkdonf
awmrSm? w&m;aysmf? olawmfwkdYxkH;? 'kukvESihf? yg&duoGif? *lOrifrSm? "l
wifokH;vkdY? ESvkH;arGUavsmf? ocFrf;omav? 0d[mausmif;ESihf? usdef;atmif;aysmf
au? olawmf wGifjim;? vifr,m;rSm? om;wpfa,muf&Sd? 0dygwf[kefav?
BuHKumawGUvkdY? rsufpduG,fMuif? rdzcifukd? om;&Sifjrwfav;? opfoD;&Smysm?
vkyu
f mauR;au? &ifaoG;&wem? xkad eYcgvQi?f rd*g wGiaf &Smif;? awmNrKd icf iG rf mS ?
orifaygif;ESihf? bl;awmifrSmoGwf? vG,fwulvQif? a&,lcyfvkdY? urf;pyfjruf
tkid ?f ausmuf*v
l P
dk rf mS ? xkid u
f mrwfrwf? xkb
d ;l aumufu?dk 'l;axmufw
G v
f ?Ydk
cyfum,ljyef? a&0ifoHukd? nHnHMum;vsuf? "w&|wGifac:? rif;&mZmrSm?
awmifay:xufu? vufeufpMum? vTwv
f u
dk yf gaomf? eHrmS xGi;f azmuf? awmif
urf;,kdifav? prf;tkdifacsmufrSm? aZmufxkd;ajymif;jyef? raocifav? ajrwGif
vl;au? nnf;nL[efu? &efolESdyfpuf? *Ekdifav? NrdKifeufrSm? wpfouf
rao? kyfcEm av? csKyfumysufau? okH;oufaoa&/
28/
okH;a,mufaoau? rsuf&nfpD;,kd? rdESihfzukd? woikdau?
xkdonf &mZm? e&dEmrSm? igvQifvGefrSm;? vufeufo'H? ypfvkdufjyefaomf?
vloHMum;[k? jcm;em;odom? oGm;Munhfcg0,f? rmwmydw? rdESihfzukd? c,
vkyaf uR;? awmNrKd icf iG rf mS ? om;&ifaoG;u? vJawGUcg? rif;&mZmrSm? jcif;&mr
usef? ar;avjyefau? tuREkfyfrSm? opfoD;&Smysm? vkyfumauR;au? &ifaoG;&
wem? jzpfjcif;&maMumihf? cEmqkH;jzwf? rsufNidKvkd? uRefYukdowfau?
oufjywfcEm? ocFrf;om rSm? tm[m&"mwf? acgif;yg;vwf? iwfrGwfrae?
&ufowmrSm? cEmqk;H au? wk;H vdrrhf nf[?k rMunfpw

d pf uf? onftwGuaf Mumih?f
wpfoufrao? awm&*kH av? pkHNrdKifeufrSm? okH;oufao[k? qkdavwkHjim;?
xkdaMumif;vsmaMumihf? jrm;rSmqdyfcwf? awmNrdKifkdwGif? uRefYukd owf[k? qkd
vwfaomcg? rif;&mZmrSm? jcif;&mxyfavmif;? oifwpfral v? olawmfaumif;
uk?d taMumif; rod? toHMum;vQi?f usm;opfqif[?k xifrw
S f rd? a0&dow?
trnf&au? a'0vufeuf? odMum;qufau? jrm;pufESihfonf? Mum;toHukd
rSefatmifppf ysm? ypfrda&av/
29/
ypfrdygau? rmwmyDw? rdESihfzwkdY? ZD0&SnfaMumif;? opfoD;
azG&mS ?vkyaf uR;ygau? olawmfaumif;av? taMumif;azG&mS ? aomif;ajrcsmrSm?
aqmif;umxD;jzL? igwpfrlav? vlomrn? r[kwfvSbl;? kw&rnf? xD;eef;
wnfau? a&Tjynfbk&if? {u&mZfau? jzpfwkHusifa&? vkvifoihftm;?
igwpfzefav? vufvGefrSm;vkdY? ysufjym;cEm? oihfrSmaomfum;? aoyg&rnf?
okdYjzpfayvnf;? arG;onfrdcif? rsufrjrifESihf? zcifwkdYtm;? auR;arG;&efukd?
tvGefId;ysm? rpkd; jim;ESihf? oGm;rnfvrf;rSm? pkawpdwfus? tedpESihf?
ajzmifhxygatmif? pdwfomcs av? oihftaeyif? ig0,foGm;vm;? rdcifzcif?
rsurf jrifau? vifr,m;uk?d uk,
d pf m;vSnafh v? vkyaf uR;rnfaMumih?f aeonfh
Xme? ocFrf;omokdY? oGm;&m vrf;ukd? Tef;umjy[k? '|&rif;ausmf? ajymavyg
au? olawmfaumif;om;? taMumif;Mum;u? rajymEkdifEkdif? ajymEkdifEkdifESihf?
tpnfraysmuf? ausmif;awmfomukd? oGm;&mvrf;rSm? pcef;avSmufukd?
vSrf;a&mufatmifom?aoG;pufpuf ESihf? toufkyfemrf? csKyfwkHjyefau?
aus;pGev
f if;w? rpm;apiSm? xm;Ny;D cgrS? ausmif;awmfocFr;f ? a&,laqmifysm?
NrdKifacsmifatmufrSm?a&mufatmifvSrf;a&/
30/
a&mufatmifvrS ;f au? ocFr;f uk0d if? olawmfpifav? vifEiS hf
r,m;? oGm;cs[
D efav? ajcoHMum;u? ighom;ykwm ? r[kwyf g[k? em;rSmMum;od?
okjYd zpfb
d ? ,aeYtcg? ocFr;f xufu?dk wufvmau? jcif;&muGjJ ym;? e*g;*VKe?f
Zmwfrwlau? ewfvlrsm;wGif? jcm;em;opfjrpf? oifwpfrlu? b,foljzpf[k?
pdppfar;cg? &ifaoG;awmf[k? &mZmrif;zsm;? ajymavwkHaomf? r,kHjim;bJ?
ig;om;{uef? jzpfwkHjyefaomf? ajcoHomom? oifhrSmaomfu? yg'gcsvSrf;?
eif;ajcoHav? tvGefMurf;? uef;yif uef;jim;? igwkdYukdrkH? om;qkdwkHaomf?

r,kHjim;[k? pum;qkdum? xkd&mZmrSm? aMumif;&mrusef? awmXmaerSm?
om;aojcif;ukd? tvif;jyef? tuRefxif&Sm;? puKuG,fusif? rsufrjrifau?
owko
Yd m;wk?Yd tvm;wlpmG ? vkyaf uR;ygtH?h olawmfarmifE?HS om;&ifaoG;aMumih?f
aqG;ylzefvnf;? onf;cHMuyg? qkdaomcgvQif? rmwmyDw? rdESihfzwkdY? Mum;&p
um;? ukd,fh&ifau? cspfaomom;aMumihf? w&m;vufukdif? rajzEkdifau?
awmNrdKifcefY0g? om;a&TvTm\? ao&m&yfodkY? rsufrjrifukd? toifykdY[k? okdY
auqkcd g? xk&d mZmvnf;? aqmifumrae? om;olawmf\? ao&mokv
Yd Qi?f ykaYd wmh
onfav/
31/
ykdYwkHonfav? a&mufonfumv? rsufrjrifbJ? "lwifusihf
au? rdEiS zfh wk?Yd om;vSuzdk uf? toG,o
f ,
G af u? rsu&f nfpufEiS ?fh vufjziho
f ;Hk
oyf? om;\ukd,fukd? ikdumyGwfvkdY? qkdvwfwkHjcif;? rsKd;rwlau? &efolrif;av?
ruif; Asm,? igwkw
Yd pfr?l om;onf;tlaMumih?f ylyif&ok?Yd oifuwpfr?l wkt
Yd wl
vsif? onf;tljzpfjim;? oif\om;aMumihf? ,kdjim;rsuf&nf? wkdYtylokdY? wlwrQ
au? yl&ap[k? aMumufzG,fcref;? odkYqkdysm? ikdjrnfwrf;au? a&Teef;bk&if?
ajymjcif;tifu? rsm;jzihfESpfaygif;? eef;oDwmrSm? jrifhMumanmif;atmif?
wpfaomif;ajcmufaxmif? &G,frsm;abmifrSm? tacgifwifxm;? okH;a,muf&Sd
au? rdzk&m;ESihf? pHpm;wkHajrmuf? tarGcHav? {uef&Sm;au? om;wpfa,muf
rQ? raygufrzGm;? okdYjzpfjim;? om;aMumihfwpfrl? yGm;aESmihfql? ryl&yg?
xkdpum;ukd? ajymqkd&mwGif? olawmfarmifESH? cGef;EIwfTef? &efolbk&if? oif
rif;zsm;rSm? om;vkcd sirf ?l NrKd icf eG af [r0g? onfawmwef;uk?d oef;vkaYd usmaf omf?
rd*goe? okH;vkH;aovm? ydwfzkH;umau? ukef;XmerSm? wmyac:? &aoh
ausmf[k? auomqHuspf? acG&pfwkHbd? okH;ck&Sd? MwdZm*D? bGJYonDESihf? avmuD
psmef&? &aohxHrSm? yefqkawmif;au? om;aumif;&rnf? olawmfpifav?
vifr,m;wkdY? ajymMuonfav/
32/
ajymMuavau? uif;uG,fpuK? a&S;jzpf[efav? uHt
aMumif;au? raumif;rIaMumihf? MunfhIrjrif? r,m;vifwkdY? om;&SifaMumihfrl?
vJoJkdav? NydKumykdif;a,mif? qGJvIdif;yl? onf;tloufpk? rdcifzcif? csdr&Tif
au? &ifukdxkvkdY? tm,kcEm? &ifuGJemESihf? ajrrSmvJwG,f? om;onftlESihf?

wlwuGvQi?f aoMuavaomf? jynfw
k & ? pk;d ykid o
f au? '|&rif;ausm?f igwGuf
wmaMumihf? olawmfom;z? oufZDa0av? aoMu&[k? um,apwoduf?
ESvkH;xdwf? pdwfwGifrom? xkd tcg0,f? r&PmOwkZkyf? ZD0dwdefvQif?
rNird af &GUau? pkaw csKyv
f ?Ydk ykwu
d m,de?f cEmtdru
f ?dk &mZdex
f rdk if;? ok;H a,muf
wlNydKif? acgif;csif; qkdif? awmNrdKifwGif;rSm? vkH;csif;wpfukd,f? zkwfoN*K[f?
NrdKifkdawmwef;? rsufrjrifwkdY? oifumTef;au? vrf;ukdpkefum? vkdufavyg
aomf? rd*goe? BuD;jrifhacgifav? awmifokH;vkH;? ydwfzkH;umau? ukef;Xmeukd?
'o&mZm? a&muf avygaomf? yZm,e? &aohysu
H ?dk qHO;D avsmv
h ?Ydk ykw& wem?
&vkdygaMumif;? vufq,fjzmESihf? yefxGmjyKysm? om;qkawmif;a&/
om;qk&cef;
33/
om;qkawmif;au? taMumihaf php?Hk &aohBu;D rSm? ar;Ny;D wkrH ?S
a&TbkHMu iSef;? xD;eef;bk&if? a&S;uawmif;qk? taMumif;jyKau? aumif;rI
tifESihf? om;&Sifykw? &r&ukd? 'dApuK? &aohysHrSm? OmPfESihfIu? oufpk
ywjrm;? av;a,mufom;vQif? aygufzGm;oefYpif? &rnftifukd? jrifavwkHNyD;?
iSufaysm oD;rl? ESpfvkH;,lvkdY? bkef;vlxGwfxm;? &aohjrwfpGm? ay;tyfumjzihf?
rSmpum; u? iSufaysmopfoD;? csKdtD;tD;ukd? rif;BuD;r,m;? rdzk&m;ukd?
ay;jim;avajrmuf? wpfvkH;pm;aomf? om;ESpfa,mufpD? zGm;ajrmufvdrfhrnf?
rif;&mZmuk?d jcif;&mrsm;vQi?f ajymvku
d af yau? a&TjynfO*|?f orkwef wfvnf;?
jrwfwy? odEukd? yud,tOvD? 0Eemav? yefxGmrIjzihf? vufOD;csD?
0pDum,? jyKNyD;rSvQif? tm;&0rf;om? wkdif;Xmaeav? a&Tjynfeef;ukd?
vSrf;avyg? Muif&mr,m;? okH;a,muf&Sdau? rdzk&m;ESihf? iSufaysmoD;rSm?
ESv;Hk omvQi?f a0&mraph? okjYd zpfbrd ?l rdz&k m;csi;f rl? twlwu
l ?dk b,fou
l x
dk m;?
b,fou
l v
dk Qi?f ok;H rsK;d pm;vk?d ay;jim;&vQi?f aumif;rnfxif[?k qifjcifBuaH p?
wlrnDatmif? ta0cuf[k? wGufvwfawav/
34/
wGufvwfavau? BuHpnfpOf;pm;? wpfvkH;tm;ukd? rdzk&m;
awmifnm? aumovmukd? ay;iSmxkdufonf? wpfvkH;0,fukd? tv,fujzwf?

auauESihf om? okrdwmukd? ay;umtyfrS? oifhjrwfrnfxif? okdY&mwGifrl?
bk&if&mZm? igrif;ausmfrSm? tol&mvufeuf? tenf;i,fvQif? xdonfwGuf
aMumih?f tdypf ufraysm?f xkt
d cgvQi?f ajrmufnmeef;ae? auauaus;Zl;? odom
ayatmif? &Sdavzl;[k? pdwful;&ajrmuf? pHjref;aysmfau? eef;rSma&mufu?
okH;a,muf&Sdjim;? ESpfa,muftm;ukd? iSufaysmoD;vSnD? wpfvkH;pDvQif? a0um
ay;jim;o? aMumif;rsKd;pkHukd? tukefajymvkdY? om;aumif;&rnf? qkHwkHavau?
NyKH ;&,f&iT yf ? rdz&k m;wk?Yd tm;yg;&vk?Yd ajymMujcif;&m? wku
Yd o
dk mvQi?f ay;um&Ny;D ?
iSufaysmoD;ukd? nnf;ESihfigom? pm;wkHygvnf;? awmfrnfrxif?okH;a,mufpkH
av? wlwuGvQi?f aeMuMuifvsu?f oifvnf;wpfyidk ;f ? igwpfyidk ;f vQi?f SEd idI ;f Ny;D
xG,f? okrdwmukd? a0cgcGJysm? ay;Murnf[k? BuHpufcsifhEIdif;? ESpfykdif;pDav?
tnDyidk ;f vk?Yd wpfyidk ;f ay;uG,?f ok;H a,mufpaHk v? wlEydS af ESmysm?pm;Muonfav/
ckrcHEkdif? &xm;psefESihf? bkef;uHBuD;au? odCKykdifvQif? tEkdiftxuf? ewfESihf

vlukd? olESdyf pufvkdY? txufESifhatmuf? pMu0Vm0ef;ywf? avmu"mwfukd?
vSnhfywfaESmuf? arSmufaumif;rwwf? xufESihfatmufvQif? a,muf,uf
cwfvkdY? igwkdYewfjynf? jrifhwm&Snfau? rwnfysufrnf? okdYppfay? tpG,f
a&mifjrL;? ESpfzuf oGm;rS? iSufaysmzl;okdY? bDvl;&mZm? rjrL;omatmif? ukd,f
awmf rSefuif;? wkdYxdyfwifav? t&Sifrif;vQif? ESdrfeif;ygrS? vlewfrsm;pGm?
ow0gwkdY? csrf;om&rnf? avQmufwkHavau? ewfjynfpkd;jcif;? odMum;rif;rSm?
ajymjcif;pum;? awmif;yef qkad u? tked wfrsm;wk?Yd aomufpm;,pf0? jynfoC
d K
u? xkd,urSm? arG;zyDwm? rkd;jA[mu? arwmjrwfav;? jrefZrLawmif? &efolY
abmifrSm? atmifqkay;? xl;uJbkef;uH? &xm;ysHESihf? tm;cGefBuD;jcif;? bDvl;
&mZm? olu
Y o
dk mvQi?f ig ewfrif;vnf;? ESrd ef if;rEkid ?f vufzsm;cgysm? rsm;pGmjiif;
au? rwif;Ekdifav/
35/
pm;avjim;au? om;y#doef? &Sjd cif;[efu?dk twefi,frQ?0wK
vmuk?d pmed'gef;ESi?fh wpfcef;jyvk?Yd oD[Vqk?d pdr;f jrkad u? odCK p;dk &? aomif;'Dy
rSm? ausmo
f wif;ESi?fh r,f,uu? ar&d,ol&m? ,pfr;l umjzih?f rsm;pGmaomuf
pm;? rcsifhaxmufau? usihfazmufjym;vkdY? w&m;r&Sd? rSm;'d|jzihf? jynfBuD;OD;
acgif;? uJhokdYvQif? csKdwdrf;apmif;u? if;enf;wl? ta&;,lau? jynfolt
aygif; rSL;BuD;rwfBuD;? toD;oD;au? wddrf;iJhapmif;u? usihfaumif;odrfarGU?
t"avhEiS ?fh &aohoal wmf? raeomau? jynf&mG apmihw
f wf? vlwu
Ydk adk v?tvkd
ajzmifhatmif? udk,fapmihfewfESihf? a&ewfajrewf? kubkrm? arcvmau?
a'0wmewfwkdY? nDGwfaygif;pk? wkdifyifcHysm? tBuHjyK? pwkr[m ewf&mZm
uk?d vmumyefavQmuf? a&;t&muk?d awG;ajrmfaxmufaomf? av;a,mufr[m?
jynfoC
d K rLS ;? acgif;q,fv;Hk [k? bDv;l ausmu
f ?dk igwkv
Yd nf;aMumuf? oifwEYdk iS rfh ?l
twlwlvQif? ulyihfaxmuf? tmavSmufvkdufwG,f? pkd;0wom? rkdk;Emukd?
yefxGmajrmufysm? avQmufMurnfav/
37/
rwif;Ekdifau? rckdif&GHUajrmuf? odCKpm;ukd? odMum;aMumuf
u? avQmuf orQewf? &efurdk Ekid ?f rBuEH idk af u? rIid af evwfu? aemufxyfwpfcg?
tBu&H mS ? a'0godMum; ajympum;rSm? xufzsm;jA[m? ol&Y ifaoG;uk?d qkay;&m
wGi?f rEkvl? wpfqpl Mum? vpEmESi?fh arsmufygwuG? ok;H OD;uk?d aygif;pkrS
om? odCK rLS ;au? bDv;l ausmu
f ?dk Ekid yf gawmhrnf? okjYd zpfay? ewfjynfajcmuf
xyf? Adrmefbu
Hk ?dk tukeyf wfv?Ydk &Smvwfaomcg? wlow
d mrSm? avmif;awmfewf
om;? "rwmvQi?f aysmpf pH m;vk?Yd rsm;jym;&Ha&T? ok;H uka#ESi?hf wGuaf &ajcmufoef;?
Nc&H u
H mjzih?f aysmpf jH ref;au? eef;0w&iS ?f rk;d bk&ifrmS ? ,cifqjdk im;? avmif;bke;f rkd
av? xkdewfom;wkdY? oGm;vsifjref? aMumif;rsKd;pkHukd? tukef&Sif;vkdY? tvif;jyef
au? awmif;yefumv? taygif;a>c&H? avmif;ewfreG rf mS ? cHtmrjzih?f kw& rnf?
eef;a&TjynfrmS ? ra[awmifnm? aumovm\? *Am0rf;? tavmif;awmfrmS ?
aysmu
f ed ;f yku
d u
f ? aemufvu
dk af emufyg? wlruGmau? ok;H azmfewfom;? auau
wGifac:? okrdwm[k? onm&Sdau? rdzk&m;wkdY? ESpfyg;0rf;0,f? oaEaeu?
okH;uka#ajcmufoef;? udEmNrdKifav? *EkdifatmufrSm? arsmufr0rf;? pGJvSrf;
oaE? avmif;a>c&Hau? usefa'0wkdY? aeMuonfav/
36/
avQmufMurnfav? BupH nfwaHk jrmuf? 0womrSm? Emrif;
ukd? 0yfpif;avQmufvkdY? rkd;atmufZrL? oajyilrSm? b,folwpfa,muf?
tpGrf;[kefESihf? *kPfukdaxmuf? ykdarmuftefwk? olYukdvSefysm? &efzufjyK?
38/
aeMuavau? oaEumvv? *Amwnfau? q,frmo?
aumovm awmifnm? waxmifausmfau? avmif;vsmom;ukd? zGm;jrifajrmf

aomf? rmwmyDw? rdESihfzwkdY? [',&Tifaysmf? &Sdjcif;&maMumihf? wGifac:emr?
bk&m;vsmukd? om;&mr[k? arG;z&anmf? bGJYwHqdyfukd? ESdyfwkHygau? rMumxkd
aemuf? okrdwmrSm? jrifajrmfzGm;au? om;wpfa,mufu? rsm;ajrmuft*Fg?
vuPmESi?fh pkpH mG nDrQ? wpfeef;pHrmS ? vGepf rHk ufau? vuPm[k? cwfowHqyd f
bGaYJ wmfacsau? emrnfEydS v
f ?Ydk eef;&dycf adk vmuf? a&S;OD;zGm;au? om;ESpaf ,muf
ESi?fh xkad emufwpfcg? okrw
d m rsm? jrifajrmfcw
J ?Hk lygkEH iS ?fh jynhyf n
Hk rD Q? bke;f awmf
[kefESihf? yk0P[k? emrbGJYawmf? rSnfhNyD;cgrS? ajrmufnmauau? wpfa,muf
om;uk?d aemufzmG ;ayau? xm;onfemr? b'&[k? tzemrnf? aemufq;Hk om;
ukd? xm;wkHay? ti,ftBuD;? toD;oD;au? &ifaoG;av;a,muf? lr&Jau?
ykvJausmufokdY? csDaumufoD;oD;? wpfq,fhfajcmufukd? jynhfajrmufBuD;atmif?
txdef;t,? tacsmhtcsD? wpfa,mufom;rSm? ig;&mqDESifh? tnDxm;ajrmuf?
okH;uka#qkd? ajcmufoef;ykdau? xkdxkdazsmufvnf;? acsmufurf;awmawmif?
eef;NrdKifacsmifrSm? rsm;ajrmifarsmufr? om;oaEukd? zGm;avMua&/
39/
zGm;avMuau? rQwpfcef;? zGJYumqkd? a&SUukdqef;aomf?
uRef;ZrL 'dyf? jra&mifa0au? oajy&dyfrSm? bkrd&wem? rdwDvmukd? tmPm
jzefYrkd;? jynfwnfaxmifysm? tacgifpkd;au? owkd;&mZm? r[mZeuf? tausmf
tnm? wpf&mZm[k? tmPmpufESihf? ueu'Pf? Muufum&H? qufcHxD;jzL?
pkd;awmf rlaomf? onf;tlywjrm;? tarGcHau? {uef&Sm;au? om;r&wwf?
jrifhwm&Snfav? aejyefvwfu? rSL;rwfjynfol? aemufaemif vmukd? axmuf
arQmfawG;vkdY? ta&;,lysm? onf;tl&wem? &ygapaMumif;? wkdY&mZmrSm? qk
awmfawmif;[k? pkaqmif;wkid yf if? eef;&ifjyifrmS ? ck0d ifn
D w
G ?f usr;f a&Tpmav?
ZmwuwGif? ukoZmwfodkY? rSL;rwfAkdvfyg? a<u;aMumfvmau? &mZmxkdrif;?
rsKd;ordefrSm? pkd;&drfjcif;jzihf? twGif;rSL;rwf? y&dowfESihf? yl;uyfwkdifyif?
aqmifMumcGifrSm? nmwifeef;r? Ir0au? kZea'0D? ra[oDESihf? XmeDjynfr?
wpfaumowGi?f awm&aqmufwnf? odCK jynfu? a&mufaywkaH &Smif;? ta*g
"H[?k psmefaysmaf rGUau? &aohausmif;rSm? om;aumif;&ap? ywemav? qkawmf
aumif;ukd? awmif;Muonfav/
40/
Zeu &mZm? 'umawmfukd? arQmfaxmufIau? trIrvS? a&S;taMumif;au?

raumif; Mu? twyw
k ?H eef;arGcv
H Qi?f &&efr&S?d jrwforl eG rf mS ? OmPfjziho
f
d ?
udwd rqk?d orD;ysKu
d ?dk tk'd gu,m? vkcd siyf gaomf? tcgeuw?f taMumif;pyf?
aumif;jrwfr*Fvm? rif;wkw
Yd u
G af u? &uf&mZmrSm? wefqmqifjim;? NrKd Ua&SUrsuf
ESm? a&vwmav? oDwmem;rSm? EGm;Oob? xGeEf iS u
fh vk?Yd a&Tjra&TBuKd ;? a&T&nf
qef;au? a&Txrf;ykd;ESihf? owkd;&mZm? rsKdr[mrSm? r*Fvmv,fxGef? jyKavjyef
aomf? {uefrkcs? orD;vSukd? &ygvdrfhrnf? qkdwkHavau? xkdonfcsufcsif;?pHvkdY
aysmaf u? NrKd UawmfwiG ;f uk?d rif;Bu;D &mZm? 0ifNy;D cgrS? r*Fvmaumif;csu?f ykPm ;
ausmfwkdY? tcgwGuf? &ufjrwfr*Fvm? aeYtcgwGif? avQmfcgacgif; aq;?
atmifygavau? atmifpnfw;D ? rif;Bu;D &mZm? xGuNf y;D cgrS? oDwm jrpfem;?
Oobau? uonfEGm;ESihf? xGefoGm;xGefqH? a&Txrf;ykd;rSm? a&TBuddK; rGefESihf?
v,fxGefr*Fvm? jyKavy gaomf? aowmvSy? &wemoJjyif? xGefoGm;wGif
av? wifum&a&/
41/
wifum&au? Zeu&mZm? rsm;AkdvfygESihf? aowmtxJ?
tzkH;tHukd? vSefumjrihfysm? zGifhwkHcJu? ykvJtoGif? a&TpifwrQ? jrifr0atmif?
vSyEke,f? IpzG,fESihf? oaEwp? orD;i,fukd? &avuvQif? arG;z&mZm?
eef;awmfwGif;ukd? oGif;NyD;cgrS? 0rf;omtm;&? yGJBuD;NcdrfhnH? obifcHau? &TifpH
yvsuf? arG;z &mZm? orD;ausmfukd? bGJYawmfrSnhfjim;? a&vwmav? oDwm
em;u? &jim;rSepf mG ? vuPmaMumih?f oDwma'0D? bGaYJ wmfcsaD u? oufa0kjd r?
orD;vSrSm? *EA aoG;&nf? bkHBudK;jywfau? ewfrsKd;EG,f[k? oaEwp? jzpfwkH
jyef? tvGefvSau? udwdrorD;? IrNiD;ukd? rif;BuD;bk&if? ukd,fhrSm arT;au?
&ifaoG;oGifokdY? wpfyif jreef;? jrMuiSef;rSm? jryef;ta&mif? jrES,fajymifau?
jra&mifNydK;jyuf? vStqef; au? jryef;cufESihf? jr&Gufyrm? jruGefcsmau?
&wemjrausmuf? yyajymif? jra&mifawmufau? jraSmufywjrm;?
pdrf;jrkdau? jy,kdusm;ESihf? jrom;rGrf; rH? jrovGefrSm? aysmfpHrNiD;? oDwmwGif;
au? a&T&ifaoG;ukd? txdef;t,? jracsmh tcsD? toDtusL;? txl;tqef;?
aqmufvkyfBuHYckdif? tyef;qkdifav? yifwkdif eef;rSm? &H0ef;ig;&m? waomif;
aomif;au? aygif;ysKdawmfESihf? ajzazsmfwkHNyD;? eef;a0,HrSm? pHrNiD;atmif?
BuD;BuD;us,fus,f? zyDwmrSm? oDwmacsmukd xm;awmhonfav/
awmif;wkaH vau? rax&fjrwfreG ?f &aohysrH mS ? bdnmOfpuK?
42/
xm;wkHavau? qifjcif;ukdjzwf? rdoDwmav? um&efpyfukd?
jzwfum odr;f xm;? a&SUukw
d pfzef? zGq
YJ &dk efav? tvGerf sm;vk?Yd pum;qef;vsu?f
wpfcef; wufaomf? txufpyfqkd? csufA[kdau? e*kdomvS? kw&rSm?
'|&rif;ausmf? om;&if;csmvQif? &wemeef;aSmuf? tarGcHau? jynfwef
ausmufokdY? av;a,mufnDaemif? rif;om;armifwkdY? bkHaqmifbkHeef;xJ?
arG;zrdcif? rsuf I qifysm okwo
f ifauR;au? ykvjJ rausmuf? om;av;a,muf
wk?Yd avsmufywf wifw
h ,f? Bu;D ti,fau? tv,ftvwf? wqwfqwfvQi?f
Bu;D vwfaomcg? om;bke;f acgifav? nDaemif&if;au? rif;avazmfwiG ?f aemif
awmf aZ|? bkef;awmfa&mifukd? pm;rsKd;okH;au? wpfvkJH;pDvQif? tnDvnf;us?
xkad emufwaHk v? 0kPE iS ?fh b'&nDrmS ? rsm;pGmcsK
d ? pm;rsK;d ok;H au? wpfv;Hk om
vQif? MuifempkHruf cspfpdwfjzmysm;? arwmouf? iSufaysmoD;csif;? t&if;
ukdppf? tjrpfukdSm? nDtpfukdav? rsKdrwwfvQif cspfMuygau? rmwmyDw?
oufpktoGif? rsufIqifysm? Muifr0bJ? &Tify0rf;om? ykxkZOfav? t,Of
tm;jzihf? om;ESihfaysmfa&/
43/
om;ESihfaysmfau? &mZarG;z? '|&rSm? om;vSav;a,muf?
zyD w mav? igrif ; zsm;rS m ? tm;uk d ; avmuf [ k ? 0rf ; ajrmuf 0 rf ; om?
rSwjf cif;&mu? ynmwef ck;d ? tifjynhpf aHk u? *kPo
f wv
d Qi?f r&SEd ;dk u? ruk;d p&m?
okdYjzpfaomaMumihf? ynmtjym;? q,fh&Spfyg;[k? rif;om;wum? wwftyf&m
onf? 0dZm ody? tjzm jzmav? |m&ouk?d om;vSav;a,muf? eef;yGiahf Smuf
ukd? ESpfa,mufwlnD? twwf*kPfavrwljim;atmif? wjcm;pDvQif? avmuD
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&aohysHrSm? "m;vSH av;jrm;? 'kdif;vTm;'kdif;csuf? qifwufjrif;pD;? toD;oD;ukd?
aemifBuD;&mr? vuPmwGif? oufrQifMuifau? nDcifvStm;? odyBuD;us,f?
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aysmfcif;omvS? ewfwkdY obif? yGJBuD;qifysm? &TifjrL;Mua&/

44/
&TifjrL;Muau? xl;vSyGJawmf? ewf&mZmwkdY? wpfcgwav?
"r w mav? obm0jzih f ? aysmf M uonf w G i f ? ra[om&? rnf e mrES i h f ?
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xkdiSuf[efav? o@mefkyfokdY? vkyfNyD;usifrS? ckd0ifNyD;au? aeavygau?
a'0gewfv?l bGeYJ mrnfrmS ? uka0&vnf;? rsm;vSyw
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au? yke;f uG,Mf ujim;? ukov
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aus;Zl;wifa&/
45/
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xkdav;OD;rSm? ,ckwkdifav/
46/
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qkH;ravav? taovwfvwf? oufcEmukd? rSefpGmwkH;atmif? qkH;rowfESihf?
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47/
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? ajy;rvGwfbJ? uyfvnf;yg? jrm;pl;vufrSm? oufcEmvQif? ysufyg
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48/
usD;uef;ac:au? azmfumvnf;jy? aAm"dOmPf? yefqk
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unmqkdau? ysKdqHawmufvQif? ajrmufvwfawav/
unmjzLpif oDwm&Sifukd av;wifcef;

49/
ajrmufvwfavau? oaEwp? ewfrsK;d EG,rf mS ? wnfae&vk?Yd
tvSukrPD? ukrm&D? pkHnDvuPm? vSacsm&mukd? ajymiSmr&? ajcmufjypfoefY
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atmif? vSawmhonfav/
50/
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ausmfapmjcif;ukd? owif;Mum;u? rif;rsm;xkdxkd? &csifvkd? awmif;qkdMujyef?
Zeu[k? zcifxHrSm? o0Pfa&Tay? oHukdapau? wpfjynfokdYESif;? orD;i,fukd?
ay;avvQif;u? wpfrif;uem? wpf&mZmukd? yPmqufajrmuf? ruif;rsuf
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rSm? qifjcifIa&/
51/
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qkdum awmif;au? taMumif;ravsmf? tavmif;awmf\? Muif&mjzpfatmif?

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rif;wpf&mwGif? ynmxl;jrwf? av;twwfukd? pGJrSwfoifMum;? j'yf*kPfESihf?
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igvQifwifrnf? olwifrnf[k? vmaywkHMu? xD;eef;wnfau? jynfXmewGif?
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0da'[ESihf? prme *kd&f? wuokdvfu? A[kdatmifcsm? jynfrvmESihf? e*&moD&d?
vGefom,mau? om0wdu? yg#vdykwf? orkwfonD? rsm;vl&SifwkdY? ac:wGif
jim;au? aumorD ESihf? umoaumov? uarmZu? ouorkdif;? ZrLUoajy?
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52/
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wpfyg;wGuf wm? raphyg? &ufwmenf;i,f? qkid ;f vkaYd eau? yifv,fywf0ef;?
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acgif;q,fvkH;[k? bDvl;rif;u? owif;pum;? yGJBuD;vnf;cH? av;wif&efukd?
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,lvmMua&/
53/
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av;oefukdifukd? wifEkdifaomol? uRefYonf;tlukd? odrf;,lykdifav? *a[aESmif
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ZmwkdY? rsm;pGm&Sufau? vufzsm;cga&/
54/
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d m
[k? r[mrsKd;au? owkd;zGm;wkdY? BudK;pm;NyD;axG? wifMuav[k? qkdonfumv?
ZeurwfrGef? av;rSL;0efwkdY? rjyef&bJ? ajymMujcif;&m? taMumif;rSmu?
ukd,fawmfrif;tkd? oDwmysKdukd? vkdcsifom? av;wif&mav? yGJawmfBuD;ukd?
vmNyD;cgrS? wifygvufiif;? rm,m[efau? BuHrjiif;ESihf? twif;trm?
qkdaomcgvQif? &mZmrif;vS? xD;eef;ykdifau? &mZnvnf;? cufvSawmhonf?

oifwkdYjynfukd? a&mufayvkdY&Sd? okdYjzpfbd? rdoDwmvS? olYukdigvQif? rvkdcsif
vnf;? wifygawmhrnf? qkdwkHay? BuD;us,fcufcJ? wpfaxmifAkdvfusKdif? rBuH
Ekdifau? oHwkdifav;ukd? qGJukdifiif? tm;ukefwifau? bk&ifapmxD;? &mZn
qk?d oufBu;D tkad v? xk0d gBu;D rSm? acs;ao;,kad xG? tm;rwef? acsmu
f mvJau?
'l;uGJa&av/
55/
'l;vQifuGJau? vJ&mux? ,drf;um,kdifau? &mZnrSm? tp
uyif? igbk&ifvQi?f rwif&ap? qkw
d aHk yvsu?f raeyg&? 'l;uGyJ gatmif? vJum
usv?Ydk udpw
m0D? ightvSnv
fh Qi?f ,aeYusNy;D ? e&dex
f #G x
f m;? rif;wpfyg;uk?d wif
jim;ygap? qkw
d aHk vau? aqmifonfx;D jzL? rif;qlqw
l ?Ydk rjyK0MHh u? av;oHwidk f
ukd? vufrIdifcsvkdY? &mZrif;zsm;? wcsKdUrsm;vnf;? jrm;awmfpMum? av;pEmukd?
qGJ umiifuidk ?f rwifEidk
f ? yifwidk pf ;dk &? oDwm&Siu
f ?dk rMuif&vnf;? jrif&wkjH yef?
igwkdYuHaMumihf? tvGefvSy? ewfunmwGif? arhkyfjyifukd? jrifyg&[k? pdwfu
atmufarh? waphaphESifh? IMunhfr0? xkdumv? rsm;vSAkdvfyg? av;wifyGJukd?
IMunfhvmau? rdwdvmNrdKUol? azG;azG;jzLau? &SifvlrSL;rwf? y&dowfwkdY? ajym
vwfjcif;&m? odMum;oufao? jrm;pMumukd? wifygrnfxm;? rif;&mZdefwkdY?
rQavmufwGif? wpfa,mufrsm;rS? pGrf;tm;xkwf? av;a&Tpifukd? qGJiifvIyf
vnf;? vIyfrnfrxif? okdYjzpfusif? wkdYocifr? oDwm&SifrSm? om;vifvSvQif?
&ykHray:? jyKwfjyKwffpDau? onfrif;wkdY? tzsif;&mav/
56/
tzsif;&mav? jcif;&majyma[m? acgif;q,fvkH;au? bDvl;
Mum;au? rif;zsm;OD;aoQmif? ZrKawmifrSm? bkef;a&mifvif;bd? owif;t&?
rif;'[k ighowdukd? odrnfrxif? yGJwGifav? av;wifjyrS? Ijrifolav?
vltrsm;wk?Yd tHMh oMuvk?Yd vSow
D mar? yifeef;aysmaf u? nmESruk?d ig&rnf[?k
q,fckacgif; ? aqmifrukd#fESihf? ,uDrSefuif;? Ncdrf;yjcif;u? owif;ausmf
Mum;? rif;w&mwkdY? zl;pmpkduf? oDwmoufESH? yifeef;pHESihf? uHrxkduf? rjzpf
EkdifMu? av;oHwkdifaMumihf? vufrIdifusvkdY? ,ur[m? wpf&mZmau? igom
wpfa,muf? av;a,mufu?dk avmufrnfrxif? ,ckyifvQi?f wifumjyrnf?
qkw
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f ?dk qGu
J idk v
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u? vIyfwkef acsmufcsm;? aMumif;jcif;tifukd? jrifwkHjim;aomf? trsm;Akdvfyg?

ajymonfrSmu? cEmBuD;ajrmuf? tm;tifvnf;oef? ig;q,fuHau? qHykwf
avSmufEiS ?fh aMumufaumif;beef;? qef;qef;xl;xl;? &xm;,mOfu?dk pk;d ykid u
f yG f
av? ewfbv
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f m,rSm? yg;pyfq,fayguf? acgif;ay:
ykHav? ckHawmufawaqmufokdY? ,laumufukdifiif? bk&ifvQif? wifEkdifvdrfh
rnf/ rsm;vlAkdvfwkdY? ajymqkdMuysm? rSwfMu&av/
57/
rSwfMuavau? BuD;us,fwefckd;? bDvl;rsKd;ukd? tpkd;vnf;&?
odCKjynfu? acgif;q,fcGrSm? Ncdrf;yjcif;&m? taMumif;rSmu? ,lZemaomif;
ajr? uRe;f oajyrSm? ighE,
S af ,mufsm;? rwpfaxmifrmS ? wpfaumif&mS ;vk?Yd arG;zGm;
tp? yxru? tzjA[m ighxHvmysm? qkawmfay;jim;? uRef;ZrLrSm NydKifol&Sm;
atmif? &xm;pMum? "m;pMumukd? ykdifumpkd;eif;? ig&mZmav? pMumrif;ukd?
owif;aMumfjim? odMum;qufau? jrm;pMumukd? vufrSmqGJajrmuf? awmif
jrif;rkd&fukd? vQKdumazmufvkdY? vIyfacsmufpMum0Vm? oGufoGufcgatmif?
&mZmbk&if? olu
Y o
dk mvQi?f wefqmqifjim;? vufxyf&efu?dk pDrEH iS yfh sm? toifh
xm;[k? avmbvnf;oef? twif;cHysm? oGm;tHukdukduf? tm;ukefaqmifysm?
a'gifvQiw
f u
dk v
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Yd idk ifysm? wifra&mufvnf;? a&mufvk
a&mufcsi?f olpY rG ;f tifu?dk jrifavwkjH im;? yGJ o
I al v? vltrsm;wk?Yd tHMh oozG,?f
waomaomau? ajymMua&av/
58/
ajymwkaH vau? jynfoC
d K &iS ?f xGwb
f &k ifvnf;? wifEidk v
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onf trIaMumihf? *kppfum? av;pMumukd? okH;cgwkdifatmif? tm;ukefaqmif
ysm? a'gifvQiw
f u
dk af jrmuf? qGu
J miifau? wifra&mufvnf;? olavmufwpfr?l
pGrf;EkdifolvQif? wpfvlr&Sd? okdYjzpfbd? *D&d'o? b,frrQau? ,ubk&if?
oDCK&SifrSm? *kPftifrcsKdU? wrkdYrkdYESihf? ckdYc&rf;? yGJavabmifrSm? awmifajrmuf
oef;vk?Yd vpGr;f jyaxG? toHjymESi?hf vGepf mG a[mau? ajymvwfawu? aroDwm
acsm? jreef;[kdifav? yif,HzGm;ukd? w&m;ojzihf? ightjyifvQif? tMuifrif;ESihf?
vQif;roihfbl;? axmufcsihfvkdufaomf? ig&mZmomvQif? &&mxkdufonf? qkdwkH
ayau? jynfrdwdvm? pkd;pHaysmfonf? r[mZeuf? pdwfr&Tifau? 0rf;wGif;xGuf
vkdY? orufjyKNyD;? bDvl;BuD;ESihf? orD;&wem? rdoDwmukd? ESpfjzmvufxyf? t
wif;trm? rjiif;omau? qufumpyfvkdY? vufxyf&rnf? r[maqGau? rsKd;

EG,fysuf? cufvSonfav? a&umwGufppf? &ufckepfvQif? raphcifukd? bk&if
rif;aumif;? bufray:au? pMumavmif;vQif? taMumif; oihfpGm? a&muf
vmaomf? pMumoHwidk ?f vufrmS ukid
f ? wifEidk v
f rd rhf nf? rdow
D mav? yDwmzrSm?
rSwfawmhonfav/
59/
rSwfwkHavau? xkdonfumv? orD;aocsm? ykvJSmau?
oDwmvS vnf;? 'o*D&?d bDv;l bk&if? olY yk o
f iG u
f ?dk jrifuwnf;u? Zmwda&SUcg?
acgif; q,fv;Hk ppf? bDv;l rku
d Ef iS ?fh jzpfjcif;&muk?d jyefumatmufaf rh? jcif;rsK;d pku?dk
tukefod? *D&d'o? olYukdjzpfvQif? rjrifcsifau? yifeef;rrS? ,ubk&if?
av;wifyGJrSm? pGrf;&nftifukd? jrifavaomfcg? olYMuif&mav? jzpfygrnfpkd;?
yifeef;pHrSm? tvGefId;vkdY? owkd;e&def? rsKd;ordefwkdY? 0&Zdefajr;? odMum;&mZm?
qufovmau? pMumav;ukd? qGJiifukdif? wpfpkHwpfa,mufrQ? ra&mufEkdif
bJ? rdef;rIdifvufcs? owrau? 'DyxkdaeY? ajcmuf&ufaphvkdY? wpfaeYomusef?
yifeef;pHu? "d|mefjcif;&m? ,aeYvGefaomf? eufjzef&ufrSm? arhoufvsmau?
pMumocif? a&Tav;&Sif[k? arhvift&Sm? eufjzefcgwGif? a&mufygapaom?
yOoDvH? nDtrQjzihf? oDvcHysm? "d|mefjim;vkdY? bk&m;anmifa&? avmifwkHav
au? BuD;us,fo;wif;? tpdrf;rsKd;au? odCKrif;vnf;? *kPfwif;yvTm;?
yifeef;aysmfau? oDwmvSvQif? ighr,m;[k? oabmrSwfau? wpf&ufrSmvQif?
okH;cgvnf;wif? yGJIjim;av? rsm;vl&Sifvnf;? wpfyif&wem? &SifoDwmukd?
&mZmrif;vS? &xm;onfukd? ykdifpkd;uG,fau? ewf,uvQif? &ygvdrfhrnf? pdwf
rSmxifau? csiforQukd? ajymMuonfav/
60/
ajymMuavau? xkdonfxkdaeY? ckepf&ufvQif? tcsufaph?
&aoha*g "H? wynfhrGefukd? a&TOmPf'dy? odynmESihf? arQmfaxmufqu?
&mrnwGifjim;? owkdYom;onf? odMum;qufvm? jrm;pMumukd? wifygEkdifrnf?
tavmif ; awmf \ ? aMumif ; Zmwd u k d ? od w k H a vau? rax&f j rwf r G e f ?
ajymjcif;[efu? Ekid if o
H m,m? rdwv
d mwGi?f aMumfnmNcrd o
hf ?J av;awmfwifau?
obifyGJukd? tHhtJomaxG? wynhf&mr? vuPwkdY? MunhfMurnf[k? ajymav
aomcg? nDEiS ahf emifav? bke;f a&mifvif;au? rif;ESpjf zmwk?Yd rsm;pGm0rf;ajrmuf?
&aohausmf av? q&maemufu? aumufaumufrae? vku

d w
f aHk vau? a&Tjynf
atmifcsm? rdwdvmwGif? pMuma&Tav;? rif;bk&ifwkdY? wifonfhyGJukd? &aoh
a&mufcg? 'g,umav;? 'umamwf&if;? ZeuwGif? jynfBuD;&Sifav? bk&if
rif;ukd? aMumif;jcif; pum;? ighwynfhi,f? ynmpGrf;ukd? prf;Munhfrnf[k?
ajymavjim;u? rif;zsm; &mZm? IMunhfarQmfaomf? pdwfrSmwpfzef? rSwfjcif;
[efu? tm;cGefBuD;jcif;? owif;ausmfau? wpf&mrif;wkdY? 0yfpif;ukd,fwkdif?
rwifEidk b
f ?J ai;rIid v
f ufcs? igwkq
Yd &m? &aohausmaf v? wmyrSm? oDowGif
ajrmuf? tiftm;axmufaomf? ESpaf ,mufu?dk tm;ajrmuftm;axmif? av;&ef
atmifu?dk wifaqmifcidk ;f &m? a&;ravsmv
f nf;? tm;emojzih?f &aohausm?f
aus;Zl;awmfukd? awG;arQmf cishfy? tcGifhrae? av;qa&Tpifukd? wifrnfa&;
vQif? ay;vkdufw,fav/
61/
ay;vkdufygau? r[momuD? wmyD[k? yg&rDrsKd;aph? pkduf
ysK;d &Smusi?f tusK;d xifau? &Si&f aohu? wynh&f mr? vuPmuk?d >ruf[oHcsK?d
a,mufsm;pGrf;? yGJobifrSm? 0ifumprf;[k? wkdufwGef;qkdau? xkdonfnDaemif?
rif;om;armifw?Ydk NrKd iaf csmifawmwGi;f ? auo&efav? a[0efxrJ mS ? jcaoFrh if;
okdY? &Jwif;wnfMunf? ajEESihf? yGJv,fokdY0if? q&m&Sifukd? OD;wifTwfc?
um,0pD? raemcsDysm? okH;BudrfcsvkdY? vuPnDawmf? wifEkdifaomfvnf;?
aemifawmf&mr? &SdwkHayau? onfudpaMumihf? t|pEm? jrm;pMumukd? ,lum
qufo? bkef;a&mifjzmau? aemifawmfvS[k? &mrrif;ausmf? [ef,k,ESihf?
xGuf<uvmaomf? oDwma'0D? vSod*vnf;? rSefpnfajymif0if;? rsm;a>c&Hav?
uRefukrESihf? jrjywif;u? av;nif;cHum? a&S;ua&puf? ukovHESihf? qkyefcJ
au? ypnf;qufvkdY? pkHrufcspfcif? armifukdjrifau? MuifcsifpdwfESihf? arwm
0ifa&/
62/
arwm0ifau? pdwfwGif&TifjrL;? txl;xl;ukd? ul;rdonfrSm?
,cktcg? IarQmrf 0? kyf yl ESi?fh &mZmwpfyg;? b,fwidk ;f b,fjynf? b,fXmae
au? b,frif;zsm;\? &ifom;jzpfonf? armifZmwdukd? rodacsav? t&G,fEk
vkduf? ZrL&mZfau? OD;opfyrm? jrrsufESmrSm? pMuma&Tv? ,aeYcgav?
jynfu
h myok?Yd rsupf NyKH ;csK?d oleY *krd mS ? vlysKjd zpfap? arESirfh al v? twla,mif;ysm?
aygif;yg&u? ae-vozG,f?usufoa&ESihf? wifhw,favsmufywf? jrESihfa&Tukd?

*a[pyfokdY? oihfjrwfrnfyif? okdY&mwGifrl? vkvifrif;om;? kyfykdifjyifukd?
Ijrifjim;u? cGef tm;vnf;enf;? cg;ao;ao;ESihf? av;ESihfrwef? cufcJjyef?
qufqHwluG?t aMumif;rQukd? aygif;&rnfa&;? wlarmifESHwkdY? tvGefcJvkdY?
crnf;rif;jrwf? avmuewfvnf;? oihfjrwfavatmif? arESihfarmifwkdY? bkH
aqmifjyom'f? ueuf&yfrSm? vufxyfr*Fvm? jyKvkdufvQifNyD;? rlcyfodrf;
vQif?Nidrf;rnfiSmukd? &Sm&SmazGazG? tqmus,f? wm&SnfIyfaxG;? ,ckrl
av?vkyfwkHcJ?av;aomjrm;aom? pum;rsm;vkdY? arzGm;oufa0? jrif;rkd&f
oGifav? zcifrif;ukd?jrifjyif;a&av/
63/
jrifjyif;a&av? aroDwmvS? ukd,hfukd,fukdav? qkdNyD;rSvQif?
&mr-rif;ausmf? av;pMumukd? wifygEkdifap? pdwfrSma&Tysm? ESarwifhqkH;?
csyfumyefau? auqHxkH;rSm? yef;ukH;vSpGm? &wemukd? tom,lcRwf? txuf
ewf&Gm? jrwfplVmukd? ylaZmfuyfvkdY? a&rSwfNyD;xG,f? tOvDav? csDumjyKysm?
qkawmif; onfum;? ykaAuw? jynhfNzdK;pkHau? a&S;yknaMumihf? *kPjynfhNzdK;?
BuD;wefckd; ESihf? ajrrkd;aumif;uif? awmNrdKifcGifukd? ykdifusifpkd;&? OyygwfoaE?
jrwf&mae au? ewfa'0[k? kub
rk m ? tmumopk;d ? AdEk;d ESi?fh wefc;dk Bu;D xk?
av;a&mif pkd;au? jrif;rkd&fOD;rSm? pwkr[m? 0womwGif? EmwGifjim;? olZm
vifau? &SifodMum;ESifh? e*g;VKef? 0kPfom? ewfaygif;pkau? ok"rmwGif?
a'0go&"d? rmwvdESifh? rkedarcvm? rda'0gau? pEmpED? b&PDESihf? a'0D
wd,? j'yf &Sdau? ewfrdef;ru? 'o'Dom? q,frsufESmrSm? omoemig;
axmif? &Snftvsm;jzihf? pD;yGm;aqmifau? aumif;atmifapmihhfwwf? wefckd;
ay: xif? rkd;bk&ifau? tkd-&SifewfwkdY? rif;jrwf rif;avmif;? ax&focifav?
&Sif&aohau? wynhfaumif;ESihf? a&S;a[mif;Murm? taMumif;ppfaMumihf?
aygif;xkdufygrl? pMumrnfwGif? av;a&Tpifukd? wifEkdifygap? oDwmysKdav?
kdEGJYaESmif;rSm? qkawmif;a&av/
64/
qkvQifawmif;au? tavmif;&mr? yGJvufcsmwGif? av;a&T
pifu?dk wifumjyrnf? xwkaH vau? xko
d nfumv? acgif;q,fv;Hk au? bD;vl;
BuD;? &mZmh&mZm? rif;tay:rSm? apmfapmfum;um;? c&Sm;&Sm;jzihf? ajyma[m

Ncdrf;y? cus,fcyef;? &,f&Tifvef;au? vl&rf;jyvsuf? &mr-rif;i,f? av;wif
rnfukd? jrifavaomcg? olYrSmygau? "m;awmfoefvsuf? tvGefxufjim;?
ESpfzufoGm;au? iSufaysm&GufrQ? yrmPukd? vufeufukdifum? a&SUuqD;?
vmNyD;cgrS? &mrtem;? &ifwkHjim;? ausmifom;wynhf? cg;EGJYEGJUESihf? av;
ukx
d m;? oifjzpfjim;rl? igh"m;ukyd if? &Guyf gusiaf u? aiGpif&wem? jri yfh gajrmuf
au? ajcmufquf&Gmrnf? qkHwkHay? ajr0,fpkdufjim;? jrihfavmhqkdysm? "m;ukd
xm;au? rif;om; &mr? Mum;wkHjyefaomf? pdwfrmef<u? ajcrESihfausmuf?
xuftmumukd? uGmvkdY ajrmufau? ajrmufumpkdifxuf? av;awmfwifau?
yGJjyifbufrSm? xGufumusajrmuf? atmufajrjyifrSm? azmuf0ifa&muf "m;
axmufuyif? Munfhrjrifau? bk&ifbDvl;? "m;ukdvkdcsif? oGm;avusifau?
ajrwGifwl;? aygufwl;ESihfayguf? 'l;ESihfaxmufysm? aZmufckepfaxmif? wl;NyD;
aemifrS? ,laqmif&yg? tavmif;av? &mrbkef;ukd? rEIef;omau? ,rmwpf
csuf? ajEav? rwnfysufvkdY? t&Sufwu,f? jynfodCKu xkdvurSm?&od
a&av/
65/
t&Suf&au? ,u&mZm? rIdif;aeygaomf? avmif;awmf&mr?
t|pE ? av;pMumuk d ? csD u mrvk d Y ? Ncd r f ; yjcif ; &m? buf r ay:atmif ?
pMumrif;ok?Yd owif;ausmaf u? ig[Jah ,musmf ;? zufum,SOyf sm? NyKd io
f &l mS ;au?
rif;rsm;tm Zmenf? bmrxD;au? omuDEG,fkd;? orwr[m? tppGmu?
qufumpkd;au? bDbkd;qif;ouf? kw&rnf? MuiSef;wnfau? eef;arGqufvkdY?
t*r[m? aumovm[k? r,fawmfrdzk&m;? aqmifeef;aysmfav? awmifnm
zGm;au? om;Mo&|? ighowif;awmf? oif;umausmfvkdY? rif;&mr[k? zcrnf;
awmf? jynfatmifcsmukd? aemifvmpkd;zkdY? owkd;Smau? &wemeef;avmif;?
wpf&mZmav? igrif;om;au? a,musmf ;aumif;rSm? tavmif;yg&*l? awmif;qk
,lau? &mZ"dywd? o;wkd;Smav? rsKd;omuDrSm? tZ&d,m? jrwfq&m\?
ynmvufkH;? a&SUMurmav? ig\bkef;aMumihf? wkEIef;r&? aomif;r@vm?
owif;ausmfau? rif;&mr[k? Ncdrf;yNyD;cg? av;pMumukd? vufrSmukdifpGJ? wd
,mwkdY? igzvJokdY? qGJukdifiif? wufaumif;uifukd? armif;wifNyD;xG,f?
av;a&Tpifukd? a'gifvQif wkdufysm? ypfvkdufauav/
66/
ypfwaHk vau? a&ajratmufxuf? *sK;d *sK;d *srd ;f *srd ;f ? rk;d ok[
Yd ed ;f
ysm? tk;d xde;f pufo?Ydk b0*ft0Dp?D yHoak ovm? ajrESpv
f mT av? a&TpMumbuft
a&mif? tufumxdvkdY? &Sd&SdorQ? av;rkuESihf? {uwom? atmuftxufvQif?
oGufoGufcgau? pMum0Vme&ef? aqmufpkdufusrf;ckdif? ausmufpmwkdifvnf;?
,kdifum,Gef;vkdY? av;uRef;jrif;rkd&f? uGJNydKrwwf? ,rkefemav? wkefumacsmuf
au? ajymufjyufcwfrQ? vQyfppfa&mifxkd;? jyif;t[kefESihf? kHumBudK;vkdY? ajrrkd;
aumif;uif? ivsifawmfvJ? aomif;ajrjyifrSm? yJhwifBuJvkdY? a&Tav;&wem?
jrm;pMumvQif? jyefumxkwfacsmuf? avmif;rif;xHukd? wpfzefa&mufu? vefY
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trwf? tavmif;ausmfxif? pGrf;*kPftifaMumihf? &ifvufcwfvkdY? zwfzwf
vnf;arm? cwd,mav? &moeif;au? rif;rif;rsm;wkdY? tHhMoozG,f? ajymMu
onfum;? tararG;om;? zarG;om;[k? a,musfm;"dywd? wkr&Sdau? omuD
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cEmuG,fysm? aoumoGm;vkdY? odMum;toGif? av;a&Tpifukd? wifwkHcJau?
yGJobifukd? rjrifav&? wGufqjyefaomf? tm;tHusvkdY? worajy? rdESihfzukd?
&SdMuonfav/
67/
&SdMuonfav? bkef;<u,f&mr? av;a&Tpifukd? wifNyD;rSvQif?
&mZmh ajE? wnfMunftm;ESi?fh armyef;ajzysm? aeonfumv? ra[oDac:?
a'0D vsmau? oDwmvSu? &Tify0rf;om? armifhxHyg;ukd? oGm;wkHYyg?
uGrf;,mvdyf aq;? aomufa&at;vQif? ay;armifhukd? qufcsifvkdvnf;?
tysK
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toufxyd q
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tvSoDwm? ighMuif&mukd? &ygoihfvsuf? wpfcg0,f? cRmumusau? &mr
wGuaf Mumif?h csux
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urmvQi?f NyKd umru? aemufurmuk?d a&mufum qufvnf;? vufravQmh
bJ? a'goBuD;pGm? olESihfigvQif? awGU&mocsKif;? rqkdif;bJ? vkyfwkdif;jzpfap?
tcsufusau? vufpm;acsrnf? pdwfrSma&Gysm? raevsifpGm? tkyfpkd;ykdifau?
,mOf&xm;ESihf? oGm;avyga&/
nDaemifESpfjzmwkdYonf jynfaxmife*&okdY oDwmukd

aqmif jyefcef;
68/
oGm;wkHavau? a&Tjynfe*&m? rdwdvmukd? tmPmpkd;&?
ZeurSm? oufrQMuifem? wyifaysmfau? oDwm&ifaoG;? orD;ukdvQif?
av;awmfwifvkdY? yGJNyD;vQifu? rif;BuD;&mZm? orD;awmfukd? &mrrif;om;?
r[mqD a v? omuD rsKd ; au? owk d ; zG m ;ES i h f ? xd r f ; jrm;awmh r nf ?
okdYjzpfonfaMumihf? rax&fjrwfzsm;? &aohausmfukd? aMumif;&majym?
ESD;aESmwkdifyif? bdodufwifau? a&pifoGef; rnf? okdYjzpfonfaMumih f?
apumcefx
Y m;? eef;a0,HrmS ? rwf0ef;rsm;ESi?fh ,k;d ' ,m;uajc? obifonfw?Ydk
yavGywvm;? toD;oD;ukd? wD;rIwfjim;vkdY? ig;yg; wl&d,m? oHomomESihf?
xHvsmapmif;Sif;? ep*Dw? 0g'dwau? u-wD;jcif;jzihf? cyif;OkH? jyKNyD;wkHrS?
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aumif ; jrwf v u P m? &uf t cgwG i f ? r*F v mxd r f ; jrm;? ES p f j ym;a&T u k d ?
*a[aES m ok d Y ? pk v sm;vnf ; tyf ? aqmif j rih f & a0? armif E S i h f a ruk d ?
a&Tvufxyfaw/
69/
a&Tvufxyfau? ESiftyfavjim;? qifcsDau? pum;?
ajympk ajym&ef? pum;usef[k? em;cHwkHjim;? tMuifolau? &Sifvlrsm;wkdY?
oabmt&? udk,fhtvkdjzihf? ajymqkdMu? &mr 0wK? edygwfEkukd? pyfjyKpD&if?
ynm&SifwkdY? jypfwifpum;? wcsKdUolav? vlAkdvfrsm;wkdY? ajymqkdvdrfhrnf?
okdYjzpfay? onfwpfcef;? enf;wpfvrf;ukd? cGJjcrf;"dym,f? ajymqkd&efav?
useforQukd? Tefjyrnfu? jynfrdwdvm? tkyfumrkd;vkdY? pkd;pHaysmfau?
oD w marG ; z? Zeu r S m ? ouf r QusKd ; aqmif ? cspf B ud K ;aES m if a u?
nD a emif a v;a,muf ?
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jynf w nf a xmif ?
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rsufIqifysm? MuifrNiD;au? orD;okH;a,muf? &wkHayau? xkdonfaemuf?
wpfa,mufaemifrSm? udwdr[k? vSoDwmukd? &ygwkHjim;? a&Tav;ukdwif?
&mrwG i f a u? &S i f r if ; om;ES i h f ? xd r f ; jrm;rnf c g? &mrrS m vnf ; ?
nDawmfokH;a,muf? &Sdajrmufjcif;&m? jrm;pMumrSm? pmukdqGJvkdY? ay;rSmau?

nDawmfwrYdk ?l a&mufvmwkaH omf? 0kPb
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a0au? nDorD;ESihf? xdrf;jrm;vufxyf? av;a,muftpkH? a&G;aumuf,lysm?
jyKwkHvwf[k? edygwf&mZ0if? &Sdygusifvnf;? qifjcifwkHajrmuf? uREkfyfq&m?
tjzmjzmukd? pmemaxmufu? a&SUaemufpum;? auGUaumufjim;vkdY? txm;
tok?d tqkt
d >ruf? tquft[yf? uGurf vyfvQi?f tpyftaqmf? roihaf vsmf
vk?Yd csiahf rQmNf y;D xG,?f &mroDwm? uko
d mvQi?f pDumxnfyh sm? zGv
YJ u
dk af wav/
70/ zGv
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dk af wav? xko
d nfumv? bke;f awmfa&mifav? ajymifajymif0if;
au? rif;&mrESihf? tvSoDwm? wlESpfjzmvQif? pEmol&d,? tmumaAGrSm?
aeESiv
fh au? jrESiu
fh a&T? oihaf vsm&f muk?d yrmjyau? MumESiafh &ok?Yd wifw
h ,f
avsmufywf? txyfxyfau? jyom'fbkHjrifh? vSwifhw,fav? a&Tcsnf&pfysm?
ckepfqihf ? oifw
h ihaf ygif;azmf? vSow
D mESi?fh avmif;awmf&mr? wpfzufig;&m?
rsm;ysKad wmfw?Ydk &Humcvk?Yd jreef;a0,H? ausmufrsK;d &efau? ovGeaf nmifapmif;?
tkHarGY&mav? aumfaZmaumif;rSm? pufavsmif;wlpkH? &ifaiGUvIHysm? bkHovGef
xuf? avmif;armifESHrSm? aysmfpHpufvkdY? pyf,Sufaygif;azmf? or,jzihf? umv
Mumaomf? atmifcsm&|? kw& uk?d &mrrif;ausm?f oGm;vkyd g? Muif&mjzpfjim;?
oDwmjzLESihf? twloGm;? rif;zsm;bk&if? arG;zcifukd? avQmufwifumv?
Zeu[k? zcrnf;awmf? ajymjcif;&mu? onf;csm&ifaoG;? IrNiD;au? orD;o
ruf? ighonf;tlav? wlMuifzufu? vufkH;wpfql? igh-rif;zsm;rSm? tm;ukd;rl
vnf;? onf;tljzpfjim;? oifwkdYrsm;au? ESpfyg;armifESH? kwrSm? zcifxHukd?jyef
ygvkdaMumif;? zcifxHrSm? cGifhyefawmif;au? aumif;apta&;? &uf&mZmav?
tcga&G;vkdY? csrf;at;omMunf? zonf;tlwkdY? wlruGmvQif?oGm;Muavau/
71/
oGm;Muavau? omMunfcsKdat;? z&mZmrSm? cGifhawmfay;
au? a&Tav;ocif? avmif;ausmfxifukd? bk&if&mr? udE&Dav? a'0Dvsmau?
oDwm vSESihf? vuPnDawmf? jrESihfa&Tav? vES,f0if;au? rif;okH;azmfwkdY?
ylaZmfuef awmh? a,murrGef? zcifxHrSm? qHOD;avQmhvkdY? uefawmhNyD;cg?
&uf&mZmrSm? xGuaf c:Ny;D vQi?f oGm;avusiaf u? kyo
f iG f yl ? tqif;awmfav?
rif;&mru? jra&mifr,Gif;? vuPrnf? nDrif;i,frSm? a&Ttqif;okdY?
oufESif;Mu&m? r,foDwmu? pEmvrif;? ntcgav? yum0if;okdY?
tqif;vuPm? rif;ok;H azmfw?Ydk xGucf goGm;vm? vrf;pyfMum;rSm? wjcm;Ekid if ?H

wrif;pHau? oHyxysm? jynfatmifcsmukd? a&mufawmfrlMu? ySL;ac:ysm?
tmPm&Sau? &mrwpfyg;? tavmif;rif;ausmf? r,foDwmESihf? csDvmjcif;ukd?
owif;Mum;u? rif;zsm;&m Zm? owif;ausmaf u? igvnf;&wem? r,fow
D muk?d
olom&ykdif? igrqkdifau? tEkdiftxuf? eef;uxGuf? ppfzufumjyK?
olckd;vufu? o0ufvkokdY? ,ckcgrl? oDwmjzLukd? ig,lawmhrnf? 0&Zdefav?
pdefvufeufESifh? xGufwkduf w,fav/
72/
xGufwkdufavau? yg&rD&ihfanmif;? yGifhqkawmif;au?
tavmif;&m r? r,foDwmESihf nDawmfvSukd? wluGwjcm;? vufeufpMum?
ypfvTwfcg0,f? vG,f&mxm;vkdY? jrm;awmfpMum? |pEmukd? b,fnmpGJajrmuf?
wpfzuf&efukd? &GHUraMumufau? a,musfm;wHcGef? ySL;&mr? *kPfrmeESihf?
ykP&efukd? ckcHwkduf zsuf? 0&Zdefav? t&SdefNzdK;au? rkd;BudK;pufokdY? t*drku?
0gwrkud? trnf&Sdonf? BuD;bdvufeuf? ewfwkdYpufukd? wpfzufuom?
vT w f v k d u f y gaomf ? avmif ; awmf &mr? bk e f ; awZmaMumih f ? t|pE m ?
jra&mifajy;au? av;pMumESihf? ypfumqD; wm;? tavmif;rif;rGef? &mrxHrSm?
rSefrnfcJau? a0;uoGm;vkdY? ESpfyg;vuf euf? xdckduftuf? b0*fqlnH?
Aavmif q ef a tmif ? toH j yif ; [k e f ? ajr0ok e f vQif ? vI y f w k e f r wwf ?
rSL;ac:au? &mrysufrSm? vufeufvTwfvkdY? rwwfEkdif wkH? tpGrf;[kefvQif?
ukefonhfumv? Ak'if*lukd? qk,lawmif;au? avmif;&mr u? t|pMum?
av;pEmESihf? jyefumrae? ypfwkHavau? xkdonf&mr? ySL;u vnf;?
EmwGifjim;? olYe*kdav? ukokdvftm;aMumihf? odMum;qufvm? toGm;
xufau? "m;pMumukd? vufrSmukdifjim;? wpfzuf&efukd? &GHUrxdwfau? qdyfvl;
jrm;ukd? "m;ESihfumuG,f? olYpGrf;[kefau? *kPfj'yfESihf? ckwfjzwfawav/
73/
ck w f j zwf a vau? EG , f o muD , ? oD w marmif a v?
avmif;&mru? awG;qqifjcif? olYpGrf;tifukd? jrifav,kHjim;? ewfvSHysHokdY?
tvGefxufau? ESpfzufoGm;ESihf? jrm;yGm;pMum? &Gufjr0gukd? qufumwpfzef?
ypf v k d u f j yef a omf ? ck c H w k d u f z suf ? "m;oef v suf E S i h f ? wpf c suf c k w f j zwf ?
ESpfykdif;jywfusif? xkdcgwGif? jzpfusifwkHjim;? ESpfpif;jrm;ukd? "m;ESifhwpfzef?
ck w f j zwf j yef a omf ? wpf z ef y G m ; vk d u f ? av;pif ; jzpf a u? ck w f x pf o rQ?

tbd O mPf E S i h f ? zef u mjyok d Y ? wpf q wk d ; yG m ;? ok d Y t m;aMumih f ?
jrm;aygif;axmif&m? jzpfaomcgvQif? b,fnmaemuf a&SUY? ywfywfvSnhf?
aphwkHtvkH;? pMuma&Tjrm;? wufumyGm;au? ysm;ydwkef; okdY? ajy;ykHrvGwf?
jrm;csif;xyfau? rcRwfEkdifbJ? "m;ukdukdifysm? rIdifumai;vkdY? aoab;awGUBuHK?
aqGUaqGUckefau? wkefumvefYaMumuf? toufESihf,SOf? MuufoD;0Sefysm?
tvGeaf Mumufv?Ydk wpfa,mufrif;l;? twif;MuL;au? ySL; &mr? avmif;ausmf
av? ajcawmfOD;ukd? ezl;cvkdY OD;csNyD;wG,f? oufcEmav? csrf;omaMumif;ukd?
awmif;yefa&av/
74/
awmif ; yef y gau? avmif a wmf r S e f u if ; ? b &mZm[k ?
tmPm&S a u? &mrrif ; av? 0yf p if ; OD ; cs? yS L ;&mZm? ajc&if ; awmf r S m ?
jyKumv? yvTGm;jcif; &m? owif;ausmfau? igokdYaomrif;? ewft[efokdY?
xG w f r S e f u if ; uk d ? owif ; pum;? pG r f ; *k P f t if u k d ? oif M um;vm;?
od M um;quf v S m ? jrm;pMumuk d ? wpf & m aomrif ; ? av;awmf w if a u?
obifwGif;rSm? *kPfcsif;zufNydKif? rwifEkdifau? ai;rIdifvufcs? a&SUuHzl;pm?
vSoDwmESihf? rygMuau? &mrowkd;? ighwefckd;ESihf? ajrrkd;apmif;axmif?
AkdvfwpfaxmifrS? csDaqmifygEkdif? av;pMumukd? 0gzvJoGif? igrif;ysKdrSm?
wpfukd,fwnf;au? qGJumwifvkdY? Muif&mESr? a'0Dvsmav? oDwm vSukd?
t&aqmif,l? vmawmfrlaomf? vlomrn? BudK;pvG,fwif? rsKd;EG,f0if au?
eifykPu? &mremrnf? ihgtaevQif? wlaywkHajrmuf? yrmaqGaomf?
awma>ra[mufukd? vefYaMumufonfjrif? wGif;uxGufajrmuf? ig;igha[muf
vnf;? ajrmufonfoGifokdY? ykHjyifr,Gif;? ighokdYpOfav? bk&ifrif;ukd? &efwif
axmifvTm;? eifwpfzefav? vGefpGmum;[k? rif;om;&mr? ajcmufumqkdaomf?
xkdumv? ykPySL;? *kPfarmufxl;? aMumuf'l;wkefaxG? vufq,fjzmESihf
ajcawmfatmufrSm? avQmufoda&av/
75/
avQmuf o d a &av? oajyvuf , m? ajrrsuf E S m rS m ?
pMumocif? &ol abmifrSm? *kPfa&mifuJau? a&Tav;&Sifav? bk&ifomuD?
tpGrf;[kefESihf? *kPfowdukd? oddvsufESihfyif? okdY&mwGifrl? t&Sifrif;zsm;?
bkef;awZmukd? ausmfu apmjzihf? xif&Sm;apiSm? ,ckcg? jyKygawmhonf?

okdYjzpfay? y&arxGef;y? avmif;ordefav? e&dEukd? ykPm;xkH;wrf;?
bdodufwifysm? a&pifoGef;tHh? a&Teef;Xmae? uREkfyfjynfukd? EG,fr[mrsKd;?
aqmufpkdufxlysm? xD;jzLrkd;vkdY? pkd;awmfrlyg? qkdaomcgvQif? avmif;awmf&mr?
aemufaemif0,f? &SdaycJ&ef umjzihf? nDvmobif? oD[mcGifukd? ckd0ifcpm;?
arESiafh rmifav? nDaemifom; uk?d rif;zsm;&mZm? jrifavygaomf? jcif;&mukad r;?
ZeuwGif xkdbk&if\? a&T&if aoG;ukd? av;awmfukdvQif? qGJumwifvkdY?
bk&ifrif;jrwf? om;oufa0ESihf? a&TvufxyfvkdY? ESif;tyfvkdufaMumif;?
&mrom;awmf ? zyD w muk d ? yef x G m ajrmuf ysm? avQmuf a va&S m if ; u?
taygif;Akdvfyg? rdrmwmwkdY? 0rf;omtm;&? oDwmarav? ighacR;r[k?
,k,okwfoif? wefqmqif? cspfMuifrNiD;? ukd,hf
0rf;wGif;av?
MuifvkdYarG;au? orD;toGif? arG;zcifvnf;? ighaus;Zl;ukd? txl; taxG?
owdcsyyf sm? odwwfap[k? qkad yNy;D rS? aroDwmau? nDawmfvES iS ?fh arG;zXmae?
<ucsaD vau? xkjd ynfp;dk jcif;? &mrwpfO;D ? emrxl;au? ySL;rif;u? cyif;Akv
d yf g?
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a&TjynfomvS? kw& uk?d rkcsraoG? nDaemifa&Tu?dk oDwmysKad v? xko
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a&mufava&av/
76/
a&mufwkHavau? xkdonftcg? eef;oDwmrSm? nDvmcHcsdef?
tcgBurd
f ? torEd ? cw,
d [k? arG;zcifzsm;? awmeef;aeav? toa&&Sad u?
rdzk&m;ESihf? trsm;Akdvfyg? NcHom&Tifomu? cspfacR;rESihf? &mrwGifjim;? ig\om;
onf? aysmfyg;wifhw,f? tdrfa&SUeef;rSm? pHjref;ap[k? a&TtmPmjrwf? z&mZm
rSm? om;awmf&if;ukd? aqmifESif;tyfau? jymom'fbkHaqmif? wajymifajymif
ESihf? ta&mifawmufxGef;? rSefuif;pdefav? xdefxdefavhauh? tdrfa&SUeef;?
&H0ef;a>c&H? avmif;armifESHwkdY? aysmfpHwifhw,f? vESihfaeau? a&TESihfjrokdY?
aeMuavau? xk d o nf u mv? auauwG i f a c:? aqmif e ef ; aysmf a u?
ajrmufnm&yfrmS ? arG;zyDwm? ewf&mG aysmv
f ?Ydk aumfu&mZfrnf? wkid ;f a&Tjynfu?dk
tarGoufqif;? auauwGifac:? ajrmufeef;aysmfrSm? armifawmf&if;vQif?
&Spfpif;xD;jzL? pkd;awmfrlau? onf;tlom;vS? b'&vQif? em*&Xmae? bkd;rif;
jynfu?dk tvnfomG ;&m? cspMf unfjzLav? 0kPv
nf;? wluyG gvk?Yd aumfu&mZf
wGiNf y;D ? arG;rdcifrmS ? MuifrNi;D au? 0&D;xHa0? twlwal u? 0kPES iS ?fh &SMd uav&m/
77/
okaYd ujcif;&m? tjzmjzmESi?fh uAsmarmfueG ;f ? tcef;cef;uk?d
oef;umul;vsuf? &ufuef;pifrSm? csnfyifqufokdY? tuGufrvyf? pDumpDum?
uAsmwGif? pmeHygwfESihf? pyfumaqmfum? yef;rmvmokdY? tSmpkkH;? pum;
qef;pGm? em;wefqmau? pmyef;ukH;ukd? pDukH;aygif;pk? omjcif;jyKvnf;? 0wK
oufao? tcefYcefYESihf? t"GefY&SnfvkdY? BuD;us,frsm;jym;? em;axmifolxuf?
qkdolrsm;ukd? tm;yg;vnf;em? uAsmukd? pDumqef;au? xGef;q&mvQif?
ynmcsifhEIdif;? tcef;wkdif;ukd? rusOf;rus,f? OmPfcsdefcGifESifh? wifumkH;vkdY?
ukH;vkdufayvnf;? BuD;i,fr[l? Mum;emolwkdY? ajymrlcsifwkdif;? uAsmoHukd?
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78/
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79/
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ajrmuftHhiSmvQif? cgr&av/
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bdodufwifysm? a&pifzsef;au? oGef;rnfhjyifa&/
81/
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82/
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83/
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u? ajrmufrnmaysmf? arhaus;Zl;vQif? &Sdzl;ygvsuf? &mZm"dywd? ckwpfzefav?
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aqmifygoavm? a&S;u&Sd[ef? uwd0efukd? arjyefajymrnf? a&Tem;awmfem?
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jyefumrMunh?f arwpfraHk v? iku

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av? jyeftyfxm;onf? pum;uwd? &Srd &Su
d ?dk odoo
d mom oHo&muk?d arQmpf Of;
pm;ysm? ajymprf;ygau/
84/
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avQmufumoHcsK?d xko
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em;qmukefMu? rif;zsm;ukd,fwkdif? yvifNydKifrSm? rIdifumusvkdY? e&bk&if?
ajymjcif ; tif u ? wk H c sif w k H a &S m if ; ? rd z k & m;auau? ajrmuf e ef ; aerS m ?
jynfukdawmif;au? taMumif;rawmf? oifhavsmf&mukd? awmif;ygawmhvm;?
ajrmufnmaysmf[k? aMumfjim&Sdau? rdzk&m;av/
85/
rdzk&m;av? rif;zsm;&mZm? ajymavygaomf? ajrmufnm
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txufqkdau? xkdpum;rSm? rdzk&m;vkd&m? qkawmfaumif;ukd? awmif;prf;yg[k?
rdeaYf wmf&dS onf? jynfuadk y;[k? qkad yovm;? om;zcifau? vifa,mufsm;av?
rif;zsm; jynf&Sif? igbk&if[k? jcif;&mpum;? ajym&jim;vnf;? ajym&rnfom?
b,fonf ukdav? vkdpdau? r&Sdygav? jynf&Gmwkdif;jrwf? aroufvsmudk?
qkawmfa&; aMumihf? ay;umtyf[k? awmif;vwfaomcg? rif;&mZmrSm?
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EIdif;Sdqifjcif? ajrmuf eef;aeukd? avQmufaua&Smif;au? aMumif;jcif;tifu?

wkdY&Sifrif;zsm;? csD;ajrmuf umjzihf? ajrmufnmxm;au? vSjymjzLau? olZmewf
okdY? xGufra[av? tu,fwEd? wkdYbk&ifau? &Sifrif;BuD;ESihf? uwdopm?
&SdMuygvnf;? ajrmufnm xGwfxm;? rdef;rom;rSm? rdzk&m;bmom? "rwmjzihf?
&wempdefausmuf? v-ESihfaea&mif? xdefxdefawmufau? vufaumufvuf
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dk m?
taMumif;csifh? awmifhwyg[k? yefxGmrae? ajrmufeef;aysmfukd?ulom
avSmufysm?avQmufMuonfav/
86/
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av;yg;y@d? OmPfu0dEm ? vGev
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taxG t xl ; ? 0wf r nf j yif u k d ? rjrif b l ; au? tok H ; rus? w d , au?
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eef;&dyNf rKH wiG ?f a&Tyx
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csKddanmif;omMunf? rdefY&SdonfaMumihf? a&Tqkd;aiGqkd;? awmufvQHxdefau?
ausmufped q
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&mZmukd,fwkdif? rBuHEkdifau? rIdifumai;vsuf? r,m;txH? pum;cH?
ajymvmcsufukd? BuHwGufr&? igwpf zefav? tvGefrSm;[k? tm;BuD;usvsuf?
&mrwGifNyD;? bk&m;vsmav? om;awmf BuD;ukd? xD;eef;a&Tjynf? rif;twGufukd?
ESi;f tyfrnfcsu?f ajrmufnmpHaMumih?f tvGecf uf[?k wGupf m;r&? yviNf yKd irf mS ?
xkdifumai;ysm? aZmacR;usa&/
87/
aZmacR;usau? awG;qqifjcif? ajymjcif;tifu? oifrzd &k m;?
uwd opm? cspaf rwmaMumih?f &Syd gjim;vnf;? axmufxm;qifjcif? igbk&ifrmS ?
txift&Sm;? aumovm[k? awmifnmzGm;au? om;awmf&mr? vuPmwkdY?
aevyrm? &Syd gvsuu
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d m;? oifo
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rsm;wk?Yd Mum;raumif;? taMumif;ravsm?f okjYd zpfaomaMumih?f NrKd U&Gmwkid ;f jynf?

onfqkukd? wpfckayaomf? b,fonfrqkd? oifuvkdaomf? ighukdawmif;yg?
tawmif;yefav? cHpum;jzihf? ajymaomcgvQif? ajrmufnmrdzk&m;? rMunfkd
? qkdpum;rSm? rif;zsm;&mZm? qkay;&mrSm? &JygwkHvsuf? udk,fEIwfxGufukd?
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raorcsm? a>ryrmok?Yd vQmESpcf EG iS ?fh "rq,fyg;? rwnfjim;bJ? w&m;cRw,
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ESihf? ,SOfumqaomf? r&ygav/
88/
r&ygav? &mZmrif;zsm;? ajympum;rSm? tvm;Oyrm?
yxrau?t pcgu? oumtvm;? ,ckcgav? wrmcg;odkY? tvm;wlNyD;?
r,m;BuD;ESihf?om; BuD;rsufESm? ,aeY&ufrSm? iJhuGufumjzihf? &mZmxD;aqmif;?
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a&vQifpD;okdY? rif;BuD;&mZm? rdefYjcif;&mukd? pdwfemfvSonf? ajrmufeef;aeav?
auauaus;Zl;? ajymrukef atmif? *kPt
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opmysufau? EIwfxGufr wnf? &SufpzG,fESihf? &,fzG,fp&m? oifvkd&mukd?
qkdyg,ck? awmif;csif&mukd? awmif;ygOD;[k? qkawmftNyD;? oifawmif;&mukd?
igvQiaf y;tH?h Bu;D Bu;D us,f us,?f rdew
Yf aHk yau? ,kMH unfwaHk &Smif;? arvk&d muk?d
qkdumjyKysm? ,ckawmif;u? acgif;ukdvIyfum? em;ESpfzufukd? wufwufcgysm?
zsufumxyfavmif;? wjcm; Opm? &wemukd? vkd&mawmif;[k? if;wpfcg?
qkdwkHygau? &mZmrif;BuD;? jynfukd ay;aomf? a&Tukday;vnf;? araxG;rvkd?
okdYqkdjyef? rmefvkdrmefyg? olpHjref; au? eef;aqmifMumukd? jyefumrae?
ajrmufeef;pHrSm? pdwfaZmrmefESihf? xoGm;ava&/
89/
xoGm;avau? a&TjynfOw&? xD;eef;O*dKif? wefckd;vIdifysm?
pkd;ykdifo au? &mr zcif? wpfaomif;ajrrSm? aqmif;a&TxD;ESihf? jynfBuD;&Sifukd?
ajymcsif orQ? pum;vGef? jyefumkyfau? Ekwfr&vkdY? b'&rmwm?
ajrmuf n maysmf r S m ? axG & mxd c k d u f ? uwd v pf [ k ? qpf r suf rvG w f ?
ajymwkv
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axmufxm;pmem? igwG,fwm vkdY? jynf&Gmwkdif;jrwf? om;onf;tlukd?
xD;jzLtyfrnf? BuHwkHayau? tacsm tvS? igtBuHav? [efr&atmif?
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axmufrSmbJ? aESmihu
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f ?Ydk ysu&f awmhrnf? okjYd zpfayvnf;? tu,fy?
eef ; avmif ; vsmav? om;&mruk d ? txajrmuf a tmif ? igra&S m if b J ?
BuHaqmifumv? 0*FEESihf? ajrmufrnmuykdif? pkHwpfckrQ? rjyKEkdifvnf;?
tpOf j zpf a jrmuf ? om;wpf a ,muf a Mumih f ? aemuf aemif a omrif ; ?
avmuxHrSm? xGufrSefuif;wkdY? owif;npf<u,f? &mZ0ifrSm? pmwifzGJYvkdY?
uJh&JUvdrfhrnf? ig&mZmvQif? xGufumNidK;au/
90/
pk;d vSa&au? Bu;D us,w
f efc;dk ? igwkYd rsK;d rSm? ab;bk;d opOfquf?
tquf qufu? ueu'gef? Muufum&H? qufcHykdifpkd;? jynfwnfaxmifysm?
tacgif rkd;au? tpkd;vnf;&? wefckd;yvsuf? bkd;ab;pOfvm? "rwmrSm?
pMumr@yf? av;uRef; ywfum? rif;jrwfwkdY xkH;? rif;usihf q,fjzm?
,Gif;ruGmatmif? opm okH;au? xkH;ukd zsufrnf? om; twGufESihf? cufvS
onfav? a&Tjynf xD;aqmif;? a&S;rif; aumif;wk?Yd xk;H a[mif;t&? tjzmjzmuk?d
arQmfaxmufq au? orwEG,fvm? csKyftcsmESif? O*grku? {u&mav?
awZmvif;au?rif; rSp? ousordef? tBudrfBudrfvQif? e&dEmaoG;?
w&m;rSefukd? vGefapmihf?pnf; au? aus;rif;w&m? EGm;ESihfom;ukd? w&m;pD&if?
if;jyif0,f? aMumiftifw0? a&S;xkH;ykHukd? vkHNcHKqaom? e*Xmem&PFDrSm?
omuDeef;pnf? "r,Of[k? pkd;ykdiftm Pm? rif;&mZmrSm? BudK;Mum[dwfnH?
wd&pmefaMumihf? 0dnmOfqkH;jzwf? om;onf; tlukd? twlowfvkdY? rwfu0dE?
ok c rd e f [ k ? vd r m vS a v? 0d ' l & ac:? tavmif ; awmf E S i h f ? ra[mf y @d ?
a&S;olawmfav? ynm&Sw
d ?Ydk rdrt
d wGu?f riJu
h u
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f ?J toufEiS pfh yf? trSm;rok;H ?
w&m;xkH;ukd? ajymqkdqkH;jzwf[k? edygwfawmfwif? &mZ0ifrSm? xifxif&Sm;&Sm;?
usr;f a&TpmrSm? &Syd gjim;vsu?f om;\twGu?f ajymEIwx
f u
G u
f ?dk tzsuif gonf?
tjzmjzmukd? pmemwGufu? cufvSa&av/
91/
cufvSa&au? BuHpnfpOf;pm;? b*0gAk'g? tmvkyfawmfu?
xkwfazmf a[mau? w&m;a'oem? aotcsmau? a&Tpmt&? avmukw&m?
usrf;tvm ESihf? axmufarQmfqvnf;? tworH? yD,Hewd? usrf;tqkdrSm?
ukd,frcsdu? trdaomfvnf;? oem;arQmfau? om;awmfcJ[k? ajymNrJ"rwm?
&Sdjcif;&maMumihf?om;awmftwGuf? igEIwfxGufukd? igzsufawmhrnf? cufvS
onfpk? oufa0ykw? om;&if;csmav? rif;&mZmrSm? uroum? rSwfNyD;cgrS?
rdefYawmfa&TcGef;? EIwfoH omu? xkwfazmfTef;vkdY? &H0ef;qnf;uyf? ighxHckdau?
tkdrSL;rwfwkdY? om;jrwf om;aumif;? ighonf;tlav? xD;jzLaqmif;[kef?
eef;avmif;&mr? Mo&oukd? acR;rMuif&m? vSoDwmESihf? nDawmfvuP?
ok H ; a,muf p k H a v? wl w uG j zih f ? oD [ O* i f ? nD v m0if ? wk d i f y if c H a p?
rdeaYf wmfaxGau? r,fi,fwpfyg;? aetdrf r*Fvm? pHaysm&f mav? xHawmfem;uk?d
oGm;vmNyD;vQif? tavmif;awmfav? &mrrif;ukd? avQmufjcif;tifu?
wkdY&Sifrif;zsm;? &wemau? eef;vsmxm;av? zawmf&mZm? rdefYtmPmrSm?
nDawmfvuPm? acR;rausmfau? oDwmvSESihf? &mrukd,fawmf? wlruGmvQif?
a&SUawmf0ifap? trdefYawmffav? tmPmjrwfukd? rSwfyga&av/
92/
rSwyf ga&av? avQmufonfumv? vuPmESi?fh tvSow
D m?
rS w f j cif ; &mu? r*F v matmif y ef ; ? bd o d u f w if y sm? a&pif o G e f ; ?
eef;tyfawmhrnf? xifwkHay? NyHK;&,f&Tify? aemufawmfomu? ygavusvkdY?
&mrom;awmf ? 0if v k d Y v maomf ? &mZmzcif ? om;a&T p if u k d ? rjrif 0 H h b J ?
cspfpdwfjzmau? arwmpGJ vkdY? crnf;awmfrif;? ewft[efokdY? xGufrSefuif;\?
xH&if;rsufarSmuf? eef;oD wmrSm? a&SUawmfa&mufau? avatmufavnm?
jypf a jcmuf & yf a u? uif ; vG w f &mu? nD n mwl u G ? ok H ; a,muf w l N yd K if ?
a&SUaemufqkdifysm? xkdifwkHMuau? arG;z &mZm? crnf;ausmfrSm? onf;csmykw?
Mo&oau? &mrom;awmf ? vuf k H ; ? vuf a rmif ; ? zom;aumif ; au?
eef ; avmif ; vsmav? aMumif ; &mpum;? a&S ; u xk H ; pH ? jzpf j cif ; [ef u k d ?
Tefumjyysm? arG;zajymrnf? cspfom;em;em? urm vQif? aZ,smcsD;usL;?
b'ac:au? urmjyKvkdY? rEkorx? yxru? tpqif; ouf? xD;eef;ckdif?
tkyfpkd;ykdifau? pnf;rysufbJ? rif;qufrsm;pGm? umvMum aomf? Oumu&mZf?
jynf A m&mrS m ? tmPmvS p f a u? xD ; eef ; pk d u f o nf ? rif ; jrwf &mZm?
vufxufawmfukd? qufumajrmufau? a&mufawmhonfav/
93/
a&mufawmhonfau? a&TjynfXmeD? bGJYawmfcsDau? oDAm&m?
wkdif;atmifcsmrSm? Oumu&mZf? apmrif;ppf[k? oif;uspf&mZm? aqmuf
pkdufxlau? xD;jzLrkd;vkdY? pkd;pHaysmfaomf? O*grku? b,*E? BuD;ti,fav?
trnf&au? om;vSav;a,muf? eef;yGihfaSmufukd? zGm;ajrmufwkHNyD;?
toD;oD;vQif? orD;ig; a,muf? ywjrm;ausmufokdY? zGm;ajrmufNyD;cg?
rdawmifnmrSm? raysmpf aH nmif;? oufcEmav? ewf&mG ajymif;u? if;xkad emuf?
cspMf uifou
l ?dk a&G;,laumuf au? cs;D ajrm ufwjHk im;? rdzd &k m;rSm? zGm;onfom;vS?
pEKuukd? e&twGuf? apmwrGwf[k? eef;tyfvkdaMumif;? om;ti,fu?
jynfukdawmif;aomf? if;rif; zsm;? rdzk&m;ESihf? ajym&if;uwd? xm;jcif;&SdvkdY?
orD;ig;a,muf? om;ig;a,muf wkdY? rsm;ajrmufAkdvfajc? aomif;uka#ESihf?
a&TjynfucGm? awmNrdKifeufukd? xGufNyD; cgrS? uif;uGmajE? bkrdajrrSm?
rax&fwmy? pHpm;aysmfae? psmefavmuDESihf? uydvukd? rSDxuyfckd?
jrwfyk*dKvfu? xkdarmifESr? tm'dpwG,f? omuDEG,fukd? wnfaxmifcsvkdY?
uydjynf? wnfavzl;au? xkH;oufaowkdY? oufa0om;vS? zyDwmrSm?
om;awmf&if;au? rif;&mrvnf;? cPrae? eef;a&TbkHu? pkHNrdKif eufukd?
xGuf&rnfav/
94/
xGuf&rnfav? rsuf&nfpD;,kd? ikdvnf;ikdysm? tkdtkdighom;?
arG;zyDwm? ajrmufnmaysmfukd? qkawmfa&;vQif? ay;rdrSm;vkdY? puk;vnf;uRH?
tajymvGef? jyefumkyfvsuf? rEkwfcufvkdY? eef;qufEG,fvm? zkduf&mukd?
tkyu
f mxD;jzL? bke;f a&mifjzmau? aemifvmrk;d vk?Yd pk;d rnfoal v? onf;tlpifppf?
{0uefau? trSefjzpfvsuf? om;cspf&wem? jynfucGmau? oGm;yg&rnf?
okdYjzpfonf aMumihf? oufa0om;vS? Mo&oukd? arG;zigonf? cspfarwmESihf?
rSmvkdufrnfu? NrdKifajc&*kH? rIdif;rIefrIefESihf? arSmfkHomarm? q,fESpfawmrSm?
xGufoGm;vSnhfav? wpfoufa0vQif? aeayNyD;rS? kw&rSm? arG;zyDwm?
cE m jywf ? xuf e wf & G m uk d ? pH a ysmf u mv? 'G g 'o[k ? a&cswG u f p pf ?
q,fhESpfESpfvQif? aphvkdufNyD;rS? ighonf;csmav? om;&mrrSm? arG;ztarG?
MuiSef;wnfau? a&TjynfxD;eef;? tcef;cef;ukd? odrf;jref;NyD;xG,f? wkdif;EkdifiHukd?
jyefumcsKyfysm? tkyfpkd;av[k? aoaocsmcsm? &wemav? eef;vsmom;ukd?
pum;rS m ysm? jcif ; &majyma[m? z&mZmrS m ? Asmygrsm;au?
pdwfxm;rMunfEkdifawmhbl;av/
95/
pdwfxm;ra,rMunf? usrsuf&nfESihf? ajymonfumv?
bk&m;vsmav? om;&mrrSm? Mum;uem;rSm? roufomvnf;? rsufESmrId;?
jzpfysuf[efrSm? uHukd,kd;? owkd;Oy&m? z&mZmav? xHawmfarSmufrSm?
avQmufjcif;&mu? yDwmzzGm;? uREyfk o
f m;aMumih?f pum;MoZm? qkEd w
I x
f u
G u
f ?dk
rzsufygESihf? jrpfMumwGufppf? q,fhESpfESpfukd? rSwfykdufpdwfu? q,fhESpfvrQ?
om;vSa&wGuf? awmeufNrdKif,H? xGuf&jyefvnf;? qefwpfaphrQ? riJhuGufyg?
okdYygaomfvnf;? Muif&mESr? arG;z&mZm? acR;rawmfav? oDwmvSrSm?
rdef;rjzpfjyef? awmNrdKif,Hukd? vkdufjyefrnfa&;? tifrwefav? tvGefcJvkdY?
&ifaoG;yrm? crnf;awmfvQi?f awG;arQmaf xmufq? uReMYf uif&mav? oDwmvS
ukd? apmifrMunhfI? orD;i,fau? a&TrsufIukd? jyKpkvkdufyg? zrif;zsm;ukd?
pum;rSmau? oDwmysKdacsm? armifqkdoHukd? wpf&HMum;u? oem;p&m? kdrsuf
ESmESi?hf AsmyguJy?dk pdwEf yk sKad u? tkt
d o
dk cif? arhrsuf aI u? oufpv
k ifav?rMuif
roem;? wkid ;f atmifcsmu? armifawmfomG ;vk?Yd r,m;oi,f? arhurdk al v?&efol
Mum;rSm? xm;cJhrnfvm;? &if0,fjzpfjim;? &wemav? eef;vsmom;ukd? oem;
rMuif? eef;&a0rSm? rae& bJ? jynfuESifrS? tMuifwjcm;? arhrSmwpfrl?y&ef
vlau? olwpfyg;uk?d oem; p&m? tb,frmS vQi?f qk&d m&Srd nf? oDwmysKrd mS ?ik,
d dk
aESmysm? qkdajyma&av/
96/
qkdajymavau? ewfES,fwrQ? eef;pnf&Sifav? vif&mrrSm?
ESroDwm? vSuvsmukd? arwmr0if? rcsifcifau? rMuifroem;? remvkdau?
qk d p um;jzih f ? ajymonf r [k w f ? armyef ; pH y ,f ? aqmif e ef ; aeau?
oGm;a&Tyk af v? awmtkyf NrKd iif ?l armifu
h cdk spv
f ?Ydk vku
d af wmfral u? aeylwv
H Qy?f
ESi;f apGapGEiS ?fh rk;d a&pGwf ? iwfrw
G af cgif;yg;? armifMuif&mav? oDwmvSau?
rdef;rom;rSm? &d&Sm;yif yef;? awmpcef;rSm? oGm;vrf;raumif;? urf;yg;apGav?
ajrca,mif;rSm? ajcanmif;vufem? rsm;pGmaxG;Iyf? ql;cvkwfESihf? opfikwf
opfcRe?f twefwefau? tvGev
f nf;rsm;? pGr;f tm;tifEiS ?hf Buw
H idk ;f ajrmufau?
a,musmf ;om;rSm? oGm; vmyifyef;? r&TiEf rG ;f vsu?f vrf;prf;rjrif? awmwpfciG f
rSm? BuHhqifopfusm;? aomaomnHatmif? tvGef&Jau? jcaoFhrsm;ESihf?
om;pm;vnf;MuL;? pG,jf yL;jyL; au? bDv;l ukrP

?f twefwefEiS ?hf ab;&efursm;?
okdY jzpfjim;? oem;pkHruf? rcGJcsifau? oZifcufukd? cspfvsufESihfom?
rvTJomvkdY? cGJcGm&rnf? vSaroDav? a'0Dacsmukd? armifajyma&av/
97/
ajymwkHavau? aroDwmvS? xkwfumqkdau? EIwfcsKdjrESihf?
uRerf ocif? Ircef;au? eef;pnf;&Siaf v? tMuifvrl sm;? aZm0oD,OS ?f avmuD
,Ofav? tpOftm;jzih?f r,m;ESiv
fh if? taMumif;rQv?Ydk aygif;MuMuifaomf?vif
\ w&m;? 0wfig;yg;uk?d r,m;rde;f r? ykxZk Ofav? jyKEidk rf o
S m? avmuoHo&m?
ESpfjzmtusKd;? jynfhNzdK;pkHau? odef*kPfwkd;vkdY? wcsKdUrdef;r? wd,wkdY? omrdu
wGifjim;? vifocifav? Muifa,musfm;wkdY? aumif;pm;aomcg? &SdonfavSmuf
ukd? pm; aomufcgjzihf? arGUavsmfaysmfyg;? pnf;pdrf[kefav? ukefumcef;au?
EGrf;yg;jim;u? vifom;rrSwf? rMunfkdau? qJqkdvTwfvkdY? vif0wfig;yg;?xkd
w&m;ukd? ,Gif;rSm;rod? usKd;r&Sdau? 'd|dqkd;jypf? rdef;rxkH;ukd? vkH;vkH;ypfvkdY?
Muifcspfkdao? vifa,mufsm;ukd? ajymqkdyau? EIwfa&vQmyg;? oem;p&m?
rdef;raumif;wkdY? xkH;a[mif;rSmu? Muif&majrmuf om;? OD;xdyfwifau? vif
a,mufsf m;ESi?fh aumif;pm;twl? qk;d rlwu
l ?G tat; wlav? yltrQjzih?f w,
d
aygif;? rdef;raumif;wkdY? xkH;a[mif;ukdppf? vifrif;ausmfav? aemuf awmf
yg;vQif? vkdufyg&ap? vSoD wmrSm? yefxGmjyKau? vufOD;csDa&/
98/
vufOD;csDau? a'0Duvsm? aroDwmESifh? aemifawmf&mr?
ajymumqkd au? xkdcP? vuPnDi,f? tjzmjzmukd? 0ef;&HwGufaomf?
usrsuf&nfESihf? aeonfumv? aemif&if;csmav? rif;&mru? vuPwGif?
oufrQMuifau? vkvifnDcspf? igbkef;acgifav? aemifrsufIau? Oy&pfav?
NrdKifawm&*kH? awmarSmfkHukd? ckdvIHxGufum? cspfBudK;aESmifau? armifr&D;ESihf?
aemifBuD;igvQif? oGm;ygawmhrnf? okdYjzpfonfaMumihf? nDi,foufrQ?
vu P uk d ? aemif v S i g onf ? t&m&muk d ? azmf u mjyvk d Y ? rS m cJ h r nf u ?
a&TjynfXme? kw& rSm? wpfzom; csi;f ? &ifaoG;awmf[?k awG;arQmaf xmufau?
av;a,mufrif;wk?Yd aemifn&D if; csp?f {0uefau? trSejf zpfvnf;? oepfoem?
ppfum&Smaomf? nDawmfrif;vS? vuPrSm? ighukdtwl? oabmxm;ESihf?
wjcm;olukd? nDjzLrif;i,f? cspftmkH aMumihf? r,kHpm;ESihf? rSm;vdrfhrnfav?
MunfMunfkdkd? wkdYnDukdvQif? rNidKruGuf? Muifemawmfav? rlygvdkufESihf?

aygif;zufwluG? wkdif;a&TjynfrSm? rae&bJ? cGJ&rnfa&;? aemifBuD;igrl?
nDrif;jzLaMumihf? ylrpJau? 0rf;enf;uG,fhNydK? nDrif;ysKd ESihf? ukd,fcsif;,Sufysm?
zufvkdYikda&/
z&mZmuk?d yefxmG cs;D usL;? om;oufErHS mS ? awmif;yefjyKv?Ydk arkq,fjyef? crnf;

awmfu?dk awG;arQmf u
I ? r&D;ausmaf v? oDwmvSEiS ?fh awm0arSmf ?Hk xGuaf wmfrl
aomf? onf;tlom;awmf? aeraysmfau? aemifawmf&mr? r&D;jzLESihf? wlwuG
vQif? om;vSuRefawmf? vkdufyg&aMumif;? arG;zcifukd? cGihfvQifawmif;a&/
99/
zufvkdYikdau? a&TukdnDvS? vuPrSm? pD;usrsuf&nf? ikdrnf
pdwfukd? tHBudwfajzysm? aeonfumv? aemifrif;ausmfav? avmif;&mru?
vGrf;pukd azmf? xkdtcg0,f? nDawmfrif;i,f? usrsuf&nfukd? ajzqnfrEkdkif?
ratmifhEkdifav? NzdKifNzdKifpD;xG,f? avQmufwifqkdysm? ikdvwfawu? oli,f
bm0? oufEke,fESihf? i,fcguyif? &mravmif;vsm? bkef;awmfa&mifav?
ajymifajymif0if;au? aemif&if;csmESihf? ESpfjzmwluG? wkdYnDukdrSm? MunfkdMu
vsuf? odyynm? oifaomcgvnf;? Muifemjrwfav;? &Hwpfcgav? uGmruGJ
au? uJo
h yYdk if? arwm0if? Muifywkv
H su?f ,ckral v? a&Tbx
Hk ufu? awm
eufarSmfkH? xGufawmfrlaomf? a&yla&csrf;? ay;urf;NyD;cg? awma[rmrSm?
rsm;pGmab;&ef? awGUBuHKjyefvnf;? jrLqHriJh? r&D;ausmfESihf? aemifawmfa&SUu?
riJhra&Smif? nDbkef; acgifukd? tifaxmiftm;ukd? awm&efolukd? qefjrLusKd;rQ?
rpk d ; raMumuf ? r&D ; ausmf E S i h f ? aemif a wmf a emuf u ? wpf a ,muf n D j zL?
vkdufrnfolukd? twlruGm aemifrif;ausmfvQif? rac:wkHbJ? rMunfkdau?
nDucdk v
JG Udk ? ta&;wBu;D ? aemifrif;ausmaf v? r[mxD;eSi?fh r&D;xdyyf ef?oGm;rnf
BuHau? tvGefcka0? nDrif;ausmfukd? arwmwkH;ysm? rkef;a&vm;av/
101/
cGifhvQifawmif;au? rif;aygif;Twfc? yEmwifysm? OD;vQifcs
au? '|&rif;ausmf? om;&if;csmukd? jcif;&mpum;? EIwfoHcsKdESihf? qkdumajymvkdY?
ighom;vlv?S vuPrSm? &mraemifawmf? r&D;ausmEf iS ?fh vku
d yf gcsijf im;? om;a&T
pifau? oifoabm[k? qkad omumv? vsiw
f qGjzih?f &Tiyf 0rf;om? aemifawmf
BuD;au? r&D;ausmfwkdY? atmifcsmXmae? zcifjynfrSm? rae&vnf;? avmuId;
yef;? awmrSmwpfrl? rsm;&efolukd? qHjrLusKd;rQ? rpkd;&drfESihf? nDawmfvuP?
ab;wefwefav? &efuadk zsmufysm? aemufawmfuvQi?f vku
d yf gawmhrnf? ,ck
yifav? vsifwqGjzihf? oGm;Murnf[k? avQmufavaomcg? avmif;&mrESihf?
vSoDwmvnf;? 0rf;omtm;&? awm0NrdKif,H? oGm;Mu&efukd? pDrHMuaomf?
aumovac:? okrdwm[k? rmwmrdcif? a&TEkdY&SifwkdY? ylyifaomu? ukd,f0rf;
0ifav? om;&ifaoG;aMumihf? BuD;Asm,ESihf? pD;usrsuf&nf? eef;&a0rSm? BuHpnf
rwwf? wywfywfESihf? rif;jrwfbk&if? a&Tjynf&Sifukd? avQmufwifumv?
rdeaYf wmfou
H ?dk jyefumzsuaf u? cGirf &vk?Yd aomuvIu
d zf ?dk arG;rdcifu?dk ylyifBu;D
au? [D;csikda&/
100/
rkef;a&vm;av? pum;vnf;qkd? ikdvnf;ikdau? xkdcgumv?
aemifrif; ausmfav? avmif;&mrrSm? vuPwGifjim;? jr'gvDav? ighnDacsm
av? z0g; ruGm? aemufawmfomu? oifygwkHajrmuf? yrmEIef;vkdY? rsKd;Zmr&D?
owkd;qDau? nDwpfa,mufukd? tajrmufwpfvkH;? vufkH;wpfql? tiftm;
axmif? igaemifzGm;rSm? tm;ukd;rlvkdY? twlruGm? awma[rmokdY? ac:ygcsif
vsuf? nDrif;ausmfukd? rac:&ufvkdY? pkHrufcspfMunf? aemifrif;ausmfav?rSm
pum;ESihf? ajymca&&m? qHjcnfwpfjcrf;? arwma&av? ajycref;au? a&Teef;
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102/
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107/
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108/
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ysm? yl'kudESihfrdzk&m;wkdY? BuD;yGm;vIdufql? om;tylrSm? vifylvnf;a&muf? rD;r
aocif? qDvQifavSmufokdY? uif;aysmufcEm? ckepf&ufukd? ppfwGufMumaomf?
pMumrif;ESIef;? zkwfoN*dK[fau? xkdonfxkH;okdY? av;vkH;azmfusif? wifumxkd;
vkdY? kd;tusefukd? qefcgwifvkdY? pkHvifcyfodrf;? trIIyfukd? jyKvkyfNyD;rS? rwfBuD;
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vSra[vnf;? pdwaf useyfatmif? b'&wGiaf c:? om;rif;ausmu
f ?dk yifah c:Ny;D
axG? wkdif;Xmaeav? a&Tjynfjrwfukd? tyfMurnfav/
113/
tyfMurnfav? ajymavNyD;cg? okeEmukd? aumfu&mZfrnf?
wkdif;a&T jynfukd? apavwkHajrmuf? xkdXmaeukd? tvG,fa&muf? yefavQmuf
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a&mufrS? aMumif;jcif;&mukd? odyg&rnf? avQmufwkHay? raevsifjref? &xm;
ysH E S i f h ? jyef u mvmajrmuf ? Ow & rnf ? zcif a eau? jynf r S m a&muf u ?
rif;ajrmufwef qm? pkHvifpGmESihf? Akdvfygywf0ef;? bdodufwifysm? a&pifoGef;

au? eef;tyf awmhrnf? BuHonfumv? b'&rSm? uewpd? prod? EIdif;Sd
qifjcif? aMumif;a&;&mukd? ar;avausifaomf? avQmufwifjcif;&m? armifhrm
wmESi?fh xufuwdvQi?f &Sjd cif;tifaMumih?f vkcd siw
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arSmfkHNrdKifav? *Ekdifawmukd? xGufoGm;&usif? aMumif;ukefpifukd? avQmufwif
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y,fqefysm? a0zefpOf;pm;? crnf;awmfESihf? aemifawmfrsm;taMumif;? tm;yg;
usvG,f?rsuf&nf,kdau? ikdrdvnfav/
114/
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enf;vku
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&SdwkHygvsuf? rmwmrnfwGif? uRefYrdcifukd? oufjyifem;cs? ravQmufMuvkdY?
arG;z&mZm? uk,
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eef;rSmav? igr&Sv
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xdef;taumif;okdY? wdrf;apmif;vQifrwf? eef;&a0ESifh? jynfukdtyfvkdY? rSL;rwf
cefx
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au? rkd;acgifId;okdY? usKd;r&Sdav? ZmwdrsKd;jrwf? tkd;rSwfvkdY? eef;&yfxD;jzL?
uRefYukdvTJvkdY? ay;awmfrlvnf;? ESpfqlaev? avmif;&mrESihf? vuPmaemif
awmf? z&mZmrSm? om;awmfBu;D wk?Yd &Sv
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Hk ?dk
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rif;om; b'&onf awm0arSmfkHrS

aemifawmf&mrukd yifhac:&ef
xGufcsDcef;
115/
rpk;d ygav? ajrmufnmeef;r? zGm;ajrmfjrifau? om;awmfv[
S ?k
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awmfrif;vS? b'&vnf;? tztarG? eef;rOLrSm? &dyfjzLrkd;vkdY? rpkd;ayaomf?
a&TjynfomvS? kw&onf? aMurGxm;nuf? rif;r&Sdjynf? jrihfwm&Snfau?
rwnfysufrnf? okdYjzpfonfaMumihf? BuD;i,fr[l? tb,folukd? xD;jzLykdifap?
wkdif;Xmaeau? a&Tjynfjrwfukd? tyfygrnf[k? avQmufonfumv? b'&ESihf?
0kPrif;om;? ajympum;rSm? aemifzGm;&mr? vuPmukd? rsm;vSAkdvfyg?
pkHvifpGmESihf? yifhac:Murnf? okdYjzpfonfaMumihf? r,fawmfokH;yg;? rSL;rwfrsm;
u? &xm; jrif; qif? pDrHjyifysm? zcifpD;jim;? tkyfpkd;ykdifau? ,mOfig;yg;ESihf?
ykPm; ykaP;? aMu;aiG[defESihf? *kPfodefarT;au? olaX;ol<u,f? [lorQau?
vku
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aoe*Fgau? r,fawmfjrwfESifh? qifwyfjrif;pkd;? &xm;,mOfESihf? tqifoifhpGm?
csDvmau? aemifawmf&mr? vuPnDawmf? aroDwmwkdY? aeaysmfMuau?
0gVrd*D? wmyDvQif? ckdrSDpHanmif;? &nuifau? NrdKifcGifausmif;ukd? vlaygif;
rsm;pGm? a&mufavygau? nDawmfb'&? 0kPw
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vQif? cEmkyfa[mif;? ewfjynfpHau? aovGefaMumif;ukd? tavmif;&mr?
vuPmtm;? Gwfcxkwfajrmuf? rsm;AkdvfygESifh? ikdumavQmufau? okH;
a,mufrcd if? om;a&Tpifw?Ydk yJw
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116/
jzpfawmhonfav? rax&fwmy? w&m;jyvkdY? aomuukd
ajz? b'& nDawmf? aemif&if;csmukd? yefxGmajrmufysm? avQmufvwfawu?
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trI&Smysm? qkawmfawmif;vnf;? aemifaumif; rif;ausmf? pdwfremESihf? jynf

&GmEkdifiH? atmifeufoHukd? jyefumtkyfpkd;? rsm;Akdvfvlukd? xD;jzLrkd;vkdY? owkd;&m
Zm? wefc;dk jzmysm? pk;d awmfral Mumif;? aemifrif;rGeu
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&if;au? igrif;rGeu
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av?ynm&SdwkdY? yDwd0rf;ajrmuf? csD;rGrf;avmufvnf;? wpfa,mufnDcspf? Zm
r&Dav? omuDrsKd;av? uwkd;av? aemifcspfrvkd? wkdif;jynfukdvQif? nDysKdrif;
i,f? rsm;Akdvfygukd? tmPmrkd;ysm? tkyfpkd;av[k? qkdonfumv? b'&rSm?Id;
vSrsuEf mS ? roufom? yefxmG wkyaf jrm uf? aemifrif;ysKu
d ?dk ikv
d aYdk vQmufaw/
117/
ikv
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ausmfvQif? jynf&GmEkdifiH? atmifeufoHukd? qufqHb,fES,f? eef;yvifrSm?
rif;vQif vkyyf sm? tkyEf idk rf nfav? tu,fom? pk;d wkyH gvnf;? aemifawmfEpS f
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&Sdygjim;vsuf? nDawmoli,f? ztarGav? jynfukdcsKyfysm? pkd;tkyfawmh[k?
tjynfjynfaxmif? owif;Mum;u? rif;rsm;ajrmifwkdY? aemufaemifO'gef;?
urmajrav? ysufaMuuRrf;vnf;? armfuGef;pmwif? &mZ0ifvQif? wGifygvdrfh
rnf? nDrif;i,frmS ? onfuw
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tppukd? nDvSrif;i,f? em;rvnfvkdY? axGaxGudp [lorQrSm? tzyrm?
aemifbkef;a0 wkdY? jynfawmfppfukd? vkdufoifhyga&/
118/
vkdufoihfygau? cgcgjyefjyef? tzefzefvQif? awmif;yefum
v? aemif rif;ausmaf v? avmif;&mrrSm? b'&ighn?D Ircef;au? yef;'gvDav?

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uwdopm? zsufumypfvkdY? rvkdufomau? nDawmfaus;Zl;? a&;&mukd? awG;
arQmfIu? txl;ighwGif? bufrjrifatmif? wifygayvsuf? a&TjynfEkdifiH?
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yif? nDvk vifrSm? pD&ifcJvkdY? vGJrnfxifau? ajrwGifcscif;? ighajceif;ukd?
nD&if;armifi,f? aqmif,lavvkdY? arG;onfzcif? a&TyvifrSm? wifumvnf;
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rsm;Akv
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jynfawmf EkdifiH? eef;a0,Hukd? jyefygMuav? qkdwkHayau? rsuf&nfpufvuf?
nDvSrif;ysKd? rsm;vlAkdvfwkdY? ikdrsufcGufESihf? roufrom? avmif;rif;ausmfukd?
yefxmG OD;cs? jyKNy;D rSvQi?f wkid ;f ra&Tjynf? rBuo
H mau? pHXmeuk?d jyefMua&av/
119/
jyefMuavau? Akdvfajctrsm;? rdzk&m;ESihf? rif;om;b'&?
cspfpdwf,kHau? 0kPwkdY? eef;r&a0? uEm&u? jyefMuonfwGif? wkdif;jynfpyf
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rif;r[ma[r0gwGif? aovm*D&d? rnf&Sdjrifhacgif? xkdonfawmifukd? nDaemif
rif;om;? jrifavusifaomf? wkdifyifajymqkd? ESdyfaESmNyD;wG,f? rwfAkdvfygESifh?
r,fawmfrsm;uk?d ajymvwfawu? a&Tjynfatmifcsm? eef;aqmifMumok?Yd aemif
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wnf? ax&focifav? &Sif&aohokdY? igwkdYaernf? okdYjzpfonfaMumihf? a&Tjynf
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rSmwkHay? raevQifvsm;? nDESihfaemifwkdY? xkdawmifawmukd? 0ifoGm;Muav?
xkcd g0,f? I;d i,frsuEf mS ? raeomau? r,fawmfo;Hk a,muf? rsm;Akv
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wkdif;Xmaeav? jynfukdtkyfvkdY? rif;vkyfrnfol? wvlr&Sd? okdYjzpfbdvnf;?
rwfBu;D rwfi,f? ynmus,af u? jynfp,

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orkwfMuau? e*&ompnf? rsm;jynfolukd? rylNidrf;atmif? xdef;Muava&/
120/
xde;f Muavau? 0,fwpf&yf? rdrmwmwk?Yd arQmt
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ewfvkvifvJ? vTifhESihfwkHjim;? NrdKif&*kHav? arSmfkHawmrSm? rif;om;&mr? nDrif;
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onfav/
121/
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a0,HrSm? rpH&bJ? *Ekdifav? pkHNrdKifxJukd? 0rf;enf;pzG,f? a&S;Murmav?
ZmwmarSmufv?Ydk a&mufvmonf[?k rsu&f nfp;D ,k?d nDrif;ysKv
d Qi?f ikad vaomcg?
aemifrif;ausmfu? ajzazsmfem;cs? eef;a&TbkHu? pkHNrdKif0ukd? xGuf&onfrSm?
rdaxG;awmfu?dk rempdwu
f ? olo
Y nf;csmav? b'&uk?d r&Srsurf mef? rdru
d v
H Qi?f
pDro
H rQ? avmu"HwiG ?f jzpfjyef&[k? Ak'& iS af pm? a&TEw
I af wmfu? xkwaf zmfa[m
au? w&m;&Sdonf? vSomuDav? ighnDvSrSm? aomujzpfav/
122/
aomujzpfav? qkdonfumv? nDawmfNidrfaomf? oDwmvS
u? pD;us rsu&f nf? ajymumqkyd sm? ikv
d wfawu? Bu;D i,fr[l? cyford ;f olau?
ewfvl taygif;? jzpfysuf[efrSm? uHtaMumif;ukd? i,faygif;odvsuf? aphaph
wGufaomf? jzpfcsufrvS? csufrusatmif? vuPrwfawmf? arhaqGvifav?
Muifrqk;H au? armifbek ;f armfw?Ydk awmifnmrdz&k m;? ra[oDav? a'0DzmG ;au?
om;BuD;pifppf? eef;arGcHav? {uefjzpfvsuf? rxkdufr&m? arsmufyrmokdY?
ajrmufnmrdzk&m;? wpfa,mufom;vQif? armufyGm;*kPfukd;? w&m;razG?

om;ti,fu? jynfukd pkd;au? tzkd;rxpf? uwkd;qDvQif? rkd;a&jzpfokdY?
axmufpkdufxD;jzL? pkd;rnfolau? onf;tlpifppf? eef;arGcHysm? rpHxkdufbJ?
NrdKifwkduf&*kH? awmarSmfkHukd? ckdvIH&jim;? jzpfjcif;[efrSm? uHraumif;au?
taMumif ; rsm;uk d ? aemuf o m;aemif v m? zef c g cgav? ur m ywf v k H ; ?
tMuifolav? &Sifvlrsm;wkdY? ajymrqkH;atmif? xkH;&mZ0if? wGifrnftifukd?
jrifonfwpfcsuf? wu,fqkdaomf? onfukdwGuf? pdwfpuf rMunf?
tjzmjzmukd? 0ef;&HwGufaomf? &SufpzG,f[k? rsuf&nf,kd&Trf;? oDwmysKd rSm?
ikdjrnfwrf;u? xkdvrf;ucGm? a&SUpcef;ukd? vSrf;avygaomf? aoavawmif
xyf? ajrmifoDwmav? zDvmywfvkdY? 0geA*kar? &*kHajrrSm? arTumoGm;vsuf?
yef;NrdKifcGifrSm? wef;wifxufu? prf;rsuf&nfkd? wpkdpkdESihf? yifwkdyifapmuf?
cifpkdif;*Ekdif? tifwkdif;csKdifrSm? yifpnfaygufvkdY? zl;aSmufukdif;Gwf? opfoD;
rsm;wkdY? jym;jym;0yfvkdY? vSrf;qGwfapcsif? oD;csKdcsKdUav? xkdxkdrsm;wkdY? qkdaom
oGifokdY? opfyifukdif;Gwf? ajrurmrSm? SmacG0kdufau? wkdufrwwfvQif?
opfu 0wfrsKd;? t&omrSm? jzmvkdYxkd;au? iSufysKd;rulvD? rS,if;eDESihf?
olwGDolwGuf? txyfxyfau? wyGwfuepkd;? csKdtD;tD;ESihf? a&SmufoD;rsKd;wGif?
cNzd K ;cNzD ? tl e D oH y &m? rmvumES i h f ? y'umoabF m ? opf o D ; rsm;uk d ?
a&G;jim;qGwcf g? aemif awmfBu;D ESi?fh r&D;ausmu
f ?dk nDawmfrif;i,f? vuPrSm?
qwfoavau? armif r,f&TifNyHK;? yGJawmfpmav? tm[m&ukd? 0pGmokH;vkdY?
ESvkH;om,m? NrdKif&*kHav? arSmfkHawmrSm? oGm;avyga&/
123/
oG;avygau? a[rm*Ekdif? aovmNrdKifrSm? awmifpkdifywf
0ef;? acsmif a&T0gav? a0bmeef;rSm? A[ef;rkufvIdif? yef;&dyfNrdKifwGif?
aexkdifpavmuf? aomEkwdK&fwGif? rkqkd;vGifau? OrifaygufESihf? usif;acsmuf
tif;tkdif? *Ekdifawm BuD;? &SpfrsufESmwGif? &pfumqD;vkdY? IdUrD;ta&mif?
wajymifajymifEiS ?fh ,maxmif ukid ;f awm? u&ifbmom? vifph ifay:rSm? pHaysmf
yg;vkdY? omarmpzG,f? wpfawm 0ifav? wpfyifem;au? oGm;Muavaomf?
jrLajcrIid ;f rIid ;f ? wqkid ;f qkid ;f au? tukid ;f tcuf? wpfcx
k ufwiG ?f wpfcw
k ifau?
yifcsi;f ,Suv
f ?Ydk t&Gucf si;f pyf? cufcsi;f xyfv?Ydk rpGurf ;dk a&? aea&mifjcnfvnf;?
arSmifu,
G rf vif;? yef;&dyf NrKd iaf v? *Ekid w
f iG ;f rSm? ESi;f ,Gi;f *drmS ef? ajrmufavysH
ESihf? a[rmefukefa&Smif;? csdef&moDav? *drSmefajymif;au? waygif;csD;usL;?

Sma[mif;a<uau? aEG&wk rSm? ysKEd o
k m,m? yef;wumwk?Yd t0gteD? SmpDpED iS ?fh
&moDrvyf? &ifhumtikH? toifhpkH? yGifhwkHvwfau? Zvyfcwm? qyfo0gESihf?
aemfZmMuufek ;f ? eef;awmfoq
l if? yefawmf0ifau? oZifu;Hk ESi?fh *rke;f pHum;0g?
tjzmjzmau? rmvm &ifcwf? yifcufvefwGif? yGihfjyefvwfau? zufqGwfo&
zD? ckdifa&TzDESihf? uw&D jrpfukdif;? yef;pHy,fau? xm;0,frIdif;ESihf? wwkdif;vnf;
arT;? erf;wkid ;f at;u? jrwfav;a0,m? 'a0SmESi?fh pG,af wmf aomfu? tcsyf
wpf&m? uwDygau? uHhaumfpom;? a'gearT;MuL? uulESihf? rOLwpfxl;?
yk@&dwfau? qdwfzvl;ESihf? xif;l;aiGckdif? tifMuif;yef;au? oif;ysHBudKifwkdY?
*Ekdifusufoa&? yef;rsKd; pkHau? arSmfkHawmrSm? aysmfyg;zG,fav/
124/
aysmfyg;zG,fav? naerSDrSD? okH;ykdcsdefESihf? vif;csdefnOfh,H?
aeYrusefukd? 0wfqHokH;pm;? cwfawmifyHESihf? ysHpkkH;au? ydwkef;ysm;wkdY? em;wkH
ysHwkH? yef;0wfrIefukd? tmkHcHpm;? awGUBuHKolav? vltrsm;wkdY? ESmzsm;at;vIdif?
wBudKifBudKifESihf? *Ekdifywfukef;? IrqkH;atmif? ESvkH;&rm? jrL;umaysmf? arGU
avsmfpavmuf? yef;NrdKifv,fukd? armifr,fa&mufvkdY? ESpfa,mufnDnD? oDwm
ysKdwkdY? xkdxkdrsm;jzihf? yef;rsKd;pkHwkdY? tikH&ifhvkdY? yGifhjcif;tifukd? jrifonfumv?
oDwmysKdrSm? vkdcsifvS? qkd[&aMumif;? qifawmf&Hav? yef;rSefawmif;au?
tavmif;rif;ausmf? vuf[wmESihf? tomukdif;Gwf? ,Ofeef;awmfol? yef;
rOLukd? vSrf;,lqGwfvkdY? e*g;ywfausmhkH;? aroufESHav? auqHxkH;rSm?
oDukH;NyD;vQif? tjynhfqifau? Munhfjrifr0? rqlrBuHK? lygkHESihf? rlykH&vkdY?wluG
okH;a,muf? qef;*EkdifESifh? yef;NrdKifatmufrSm? pm;aomufaexkdif? oZifjzLukd?
av,laoG;vk?Yd arT;umvIid af u? BuKd iw
f oif;oif;? yef;arGU&muk?d Buu
J mcif;ok?Yd
yif&if;atmuf0,f? wvif;ajrrSm? eif;ajcrtm;? yef;0wfrIefwkdY? pkykHjim;vkdY?
ESpfyg;nDaemif? arESihfarmifwkdY? NrdKifacsmifomarm? yef;NrdKifv,fau? xkdonf
awmu? roGm;Mucsi?f raem&Ti
f ? NrKd icf iG o
f m,m? xkad wmrSmyif? arGUavsmBf uKd ;
yrf;? ur|mef;ESihf? pD;jzef;aecsif? okdY&mwGifrl? NrdKifcGif&*kH? opfoD;rsKd;ESihf?
yef;rsKd;pkHau? arSmfkHomarm? q,fhESpfawmrSm? vSnhfjim;wGufppf? q,fhESpfESpf
vQi?f wpfEpS w
f pfawm? rSwyf u
dk jf im;vk?Yd aysmyf g;Muav? zcrnf;vQi?f rdecYf o
hJ nf
aMumihf? raeomjim;? opfoD;yef;pkH? arT;oif;xkHau? &*kHawmrSm? ESpfyg;nD
aemif? arESiafh rmifw?Ydk NrKd iaf csmifuEm? ,ckqadk u? xkpd cef;u? vSr;f avyga&/
125/
vSrf;avygau? aovmkdajymif? BuD;jrifhacgifESihf? wpf
awmifausmef if;? awmNrKd iaf csmifrmS ? wpfaxmifqif;vk?Yd tkid t
f if;acsmufajrmif?
awGUra&SmifbJ? uawmifacsmufcsm;? yef;&dyfNrHKESihf? arSmfkHawmrSm? vSacsmoD
wm? a'0DcsmrSm? cgcgacgufacguf? rif;bkef;acgifav? nDaemifaemufu?
ckefajrmufayghyg;? roGm;Ekdifol? awmNrdKifilrSm? eef;olvSau? rdef;rom;vQif?
a,musfm;t[ef? oGm;&jyef? tvGefarmyef;? c&D;Murf;rSm? &dEGrf;yef;[kduf?
vS a rysKd r S m ? uk d , f o uf u pf a u? yspf y spf p D ; ,k d ? acR;pk d p k d E S i h f ? uyk d u yg;?
vrf;ausmufaqmifESihf? acsmufajrmifMum;rSm? ql;awmcsKHykwf? tIyfIyfvQif?
cvkwfrsm;pGm? tjzmjzmau? csKcsmr&? arvSajcrSm? ajyzl;zl;ESihf? pl;um&SvkdY?
emvSEx
k mG ;? uyg;ajrrSm? ajcz0g;ESi?fh roGm;awmhEidk ?f ,dr;f um,kid
f ? em;xkid ;f
NyD;xG,f? wkdif;atmifcsmukd? arQmfumwrf;vkdY? vGrf;vwfawum;? a&Tjynf
atmifcsm? rdwdvmwGif? &mZm apmxD;? ZeuwGif? zbk&ifrSm? MuifrNiD;au?
orD;&wem? r,foDwm[k? tausmfwapm? rsm;a>c&HESihf? pHrNiD;atmif? tNyD;
xm;vk?Yd z0g;ajrrSm? wpfcP rQ? rusygbJ? &wemrGr;f jzif? pnf;pdrt
f ifEiS ?fh wpf
yifrif;orD? zcifxHrSm? pHrNiD;au? BuD;jrihfwkHajrmuf? oufEke,fau?t&G,f
a&mufv?Ydk wpfa,mufMuif&m? arhxyd cf smau? arwmqyGm;? cspBf uKd ;aESmifau?
armifbk&m;ESihf? ESpfyg;wluG? zl;pmzefau? a&S;uHrQu? ESrvkdufyg? eef;aqmif
MumrSm? awmifnmESi;f rnf? armifwaYdk eau? a&TjynfomvS? kw& rSm? Ou|wGi?f
armiftjyifukd? tMuif r&Sd? vkdufawmfrlau? eef;olrd[k? omuDbkef;armf? &
atmifac:au? arh&Gmukd ypf? armifwkdYaeav? a&Tjynfppfukd? arvkdufvkdYvm?
eef;aqmifMumrSm? awmifnmESiafh 0;? *Ekid af v? &dyNf rKd ix
f rJ mS ? &ifaoG;jzpfo?l
oDwmjzLvQif? aeylrkd; pGwf? aroufESHav? cHonf0#fukd? jynfjrwfatmifcsm?
rdwdvmu? yDwmzcif? aus;Zl;&SifvQif? jrifygcvkduf? okdYzGJYqkd? oDwmysKdrSm?
ikdvkdY[kdufaw/
126/
ikdvkdY[kdufau? yspfyspfpD;xGuf? vSarysKdrSm? ikdrsufcGufau?
,krd su&f nf ESi?fh a&Tjynfurdk eS ;f ? awma[rmu? arQmu
f mvGr;f vk?Yd jryef;&dyNf rKd i?f
wpfyifwkdif ukd? tykdifpkd;xG,f? zcifjynfrSm? aeonfumv? z0g;ajcvQif?
ajrrusb?J arG;z rif;Bu;D ? csprf Ni;D au? wpfx;D &wem? orD;awmf[?k raemfyef;
uk;H ? tHrh qk;H au? eef;vk;H usuo
f a&? ,ckayu? toa&odraf rS;? yifeef;olav?
jzLykvJvQif? tuJrxpf? q,fcgOzef? a&Tok0Pfav? ZrL&pfvQif? cJjzpfonf
[ef? awmNrKd i,
f rH mS ? ylyefqif;&J? wkid ;f ESiu
fh mG au? &GmESiafh 0;vk?Yd 0wfavxbD?
wkdif;umodefrSm? atmufajcpkwfjywf? usKwfzGwfzGwfESihf? iwfrGwfacgif;yg;?t
vm;vm;au? z0g;'l;ajc? aoG;pufjzmysm? uGu
J mtufv?Ydk nufnufaMu?rsuf
&nf,kdpD;? arwkdYaeu? a&TjynfBuD;rSm? txdef;t,? eef;a0,HrSm? &Humcau?
uke;f rrsm; jzif? arjzpftifu?dk rjrifvmMu? tjzmjzmuk?d arQmu
f mwrf;au?vGr;f
IwvkdY? tvSoDwm? opf&dyfkdysm? ckdcgem;vkdY? ikdaomcgvQif? avmif;awmf
&mr? oDwmysKdav? kdESrukd? csKdjromMunf? qkdvwfawu? rsuf&nfpD;,kd?t
vkdvkdav? ikd,kdEGrf;&d? vSarysKdrSm? ukd,frcsdau? &Sdjyefawmhrnf? vlYjynfrSm?
Bu;D i,fr[l? cyford ;f olau? ewfvt
l rsm;? arsmMuruke?f MoCqkaH u? bko
H ;Hk yg;
? oGm;vmorQ? wxdefxdefav? pdefrSefuif;rS? xif;jzpf&okdY? okcwpfzef?'kuH
wpfvSnhf? raumif;awGUrl? taumif;[kefvnf;? BuHKvkdYawGUrnf? vSaurSm?
a& jT ynfuv
dk rG ;f ? a&Teef;ukw
d ? ikv
d aYdk eaomf? ajcrvSau? udpr us?D vSaroDau?
a'0D azmhyef;? a&SUpcef;ukd? vSrf;ygMurnf? qkdwkHavau? aroDwmvS?om;Ek
e,fEiS ?fh ajcemvS? x-roGm;Ekid ?f awmNrKd irf mS ?em;xkid yf ef;arm?usm;opfqif
wk?Yd uku
d if ifpm;vnf;?yef;armEGr;f ,kid ?f cPwmuk?d xumvm;au?roGm;Ekid af v/
127/
roGm;Ekdifau? eef;pOfocif? arhi,fvifav? rMuifroem;?
aroDwm uk?d onfrmS xm;vk?Yd ESpyf g; nDtpfudk awmNrKd i
f rdk mS ? oGm;vkv
d Qio
f mG ;?
oDwm ysKdrSm? ajcwpfz0g;rQ? roGm;ygEkdif? xD;eef;pkdifukd? vnfukdzufum?
ikdavygau? oDwmESr? armifcspfolau? vSlyukd? tpuyif? jcif;tifukd?
IjrifwkHjim;? rvkdufygESihf? cgcgwm;vnf;? axmifem; rem? awmarSmfkHav?
&*kHwkdufukd? vkdufvkdYvmau? oDwmESr? ,aeY&ufrSm? arhwGufwmaMumihf?
cufygvSvkdY? vuPnDi,f? pcef;rSm? armyef;ajzvkdY? aevQifaumif;rnf?
raumif;rnfu?dk nDi,fpOf;pm;? taumif;tqk;d ? aygif;ESprf sK;d wGi?f aMumif;usK;d
rsm;ukd? nDzGm;vdrm? oihfoabmukd? ajymprf;yg[k? ar;awmfrlu? vuPrSm?
wGufq qifjcif? avQmufjcif;tifu? bk&ifrif;zsm;? vufkH;awmfaxmif?
bkef;awmf ajymifau? aemifbk&m;av? awm awmif? NrdKifacsmifrSm?
om;aumif vSD;zsuf? aoG;pufpufESihf? NrdKifeuf uEm? vuPmukd? wGufum

qifjcif? bDvl;,u? uEm&[k? pdwfuxifau? aevQifcufvS? ab;b,ESihf?
u wpfcef;? NrdKifkdkdrSm? a&SUukdvSrf;aomf? om;csrf;&dyfNrdKif? oD;csKdifcsKdifESihf?
*Ekdif usufoa&? awmarSmfkHwGif? *kPfoD&dESihf? bkrdajr[k? tE&m,f cyfodrf;?
uyfrvdrf;bJ? uif;Nidrf;vGifha0;? ax&focifav? &Sif&aohwkdY? aysmfarGUae&m?
xkda[rmukd? oGm;ygMurnf? qkdwkHavau? nDi,f vuP? armifr&D;awmf?
wpfx;D aysmaf u? oDwmvSvQi?f yg'ajcem? wpfz0g;rQ? roGm;yg[k? rsm;pGmjiif;
ckH? okdYjzpfwkH? &*kHomvS? wJckdrSDysm? XmerSm? acwyef;ajz? wpfcPrQ?
aeMurnf[k? qkdavonfaemuf? ESpfa,mufnDaemif? arESihfarmifwkdY?
NrdKifacsmifatmufrSm? aqmufvkyfpHjref;? opfcufeef;ESihf? pcef;ukdwG,f? aemif
ESifhnDav? oDwmvSESihf? aeMuonfav/
(wpf c ef ; &yf )
[mekref\ twKywd
128/
aeMuavau? qifajced'gef;? aemifESihfnDi,f? armifESihfar
wkdY? jynfxGufcef;ukd? vGrf;atmifvnf;zGJY? pum;vrf;rSm? em;wefqmjzihf?
qef;um csUJ vk?Yd a&SU0wKu?dk pyfjyKqadk omf? [kt
d xufu? pum;&ESi?fh ududE
&m? bGJYonmESihf? atmifcsmXmae? NrdKU&GmwnfvkdY? okH;uka#ausmf? arsmufrsm;
pGmwGi?f xifay:uJveG ?f ow[
d ek Ef iS ?fh *kPaf ygif;pk au? [mEkrmef[?k jyif;xef
wefckd;? arsmuftrsKd;wGif? EG,fkd;pOfvm? olYyDwmu? r[my&0? 0[meau?
ausmMf um; *kP&f ?dS olt
Y rdrmS ? [m&drOk ? ky&f nfvv
S ?Ydk rnf&wkjH im;? oleY mrnfrmS ?
av[pm;ESi?fh a&maESmwlu?G taMumif;ygvk?Yd aygif;azmfMuaomf? om;vSErk ef?
&avjyef? vsifjrefayghyg;? pGrf;oefjim;au? cGeftm;BuD;bd? ukd,fcEmrSm?
ESpf*g0kwf au? t[kwf&SdvkdY? owdjynhfpkH? awm&*kHrSm? jrL;ckefaysmfyg;? xGef;y
usuo
f a&? vESiMfh u,fau? ae&xm;wk?Yd oGm;vmrjywf? urmav? ay:u
wnf;u? q,fEh pS &f yfu?dk vSnyfh wfomG ;&m? arsmufr[mrSm? arQmu
f m Munhu
f si?f
xuftm umrSm? us;D tmoD;ok?Yd xl;xl;jrifau? vkcd sipf w
d w
f yf? pdwo
f ef[ek Ef iS ?fh
ckeu
f mqGwv
f ?Ydk jymom'fa0,H? aeAdrmefu?dk arSmufveS w
f jHk im;? vuf0g;jyifwiG ?f
wifu pm;vkdY? oGm;vmrNiD;? q,fhESpfvDau? &moDrajzmihf? 'udPOw&m?
,mOfEpS jf zmuk?d ul;umoef;au? vrf;rajzmihb
f ?J taESmiht
f ,Su?f &So
d nfwu
G f
aMumihf? puf,E&m;? av;uRef;av;jynf? xGef;a&mifa0au? aeewfom;wkdY?
odMum;rif;xH? avQmufavjyefaomf? jyif;xefvufeuf? 0&Zdefav? t&Sdefwkd;
au? rkd;BudK; pufESihf? wpfcsufvsifjref? ypffvkdufjyefaomf? Elrefxkdarsmuf?awm
NrdKifacsmifwGif? acsmufajrmifatmufukd? aZmufxkd;rae? vufeuf'Pfav?
xdrSef&Sau? usavonfav/
&mrapuRef ppfAkdvfrSL;
[mEkreftaMumif;
129/
usavygau? r[my&d? r[my&d? trnf&adS u? tzavewf?
xkdkjcif; tifukd? jrifjyefvwfu? onf;yGwfMuifem? om;&if;csmaMumihf? vsifpGm
oGm; ajrmuf? odMum;rif;xH? taMumif;jyefysm? awmif;yefavQmufvkdY?
arsmuftm Zmenf? uReo
Yf ufa0uk?d 0&Zdev
f ufeuf? rvdrm au? wpfcgrku
d v
f ?Ydk
rypfoihyf g? axmufcsiphf mem? rsm;rMumcif? avmif;awmf&mr? acgif;q,fcEG iS ?fh
rmersuf tkduf? ppfvQifjzpfvkdY? wkdufckdufMu&m? arsmufrsm;pGmESifh? xkdcgpifppf?
&mrrif; rl? twlwlau? ppfulvkdufvkdY? wkdufckdufrnfol? ta&;,lvkdY?
onf ; tl p if p pf ? jzpf y gawmh o nf ? avQmuf w k H a yau? ewf j ynf p k d ; jcif ; ?
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130/
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131/
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132/
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ESi?fh uk,
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d wpfcg? aemufrsuEf mS uk?d avQmufumxm;? jcm;em;
okdufNrdKuf? ausmufpmwkdifukd? ckdifatmifpkdufvkdY? ,udKufnDaemif? ajrmufESihf
awmifukd? a&mufatmifoGm;vm;? aovmausmufwkdif? ckdifxufckdifatmif?
ykdifeufjcm;vkdY? xm;NyD;cg? NrdKifom,mav? arSmfkHomarm? q,fhESpf awmukd?
vSnjfh im;ywfaxG? nDtpfudk av? xkb
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136/
vmwkHavau? xkdonftcg? opfeef;omrSm? avmif;awmf
&mr? vSoD wmav? nmyef;cufESihf? pufaysmfMuvkdY? vuPnDi,f? apmihfvkdY
aeau? xko
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pufaysmf [efu?dk jrifjyefumv? bDv;l nDtpfu?dk jrL;Munfadk u? ajymqkMd uvk?Yd
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onfvil ,fu?dk nDi,fpm;yg? tv,frmS vQi?f aeaysm&f adS u? rde;f rrSmu? IarQmf
r0? ,ckrlav? olYlyvQif? vSvnf;vSonf? okdYjzpfay? ta0raph? jzpfwkHbd

vk?Yd ukBd u;D Muif&m? ighnaD xG;rSm? r&D;awmfvQi?f ac:zkx
Yd m;rnf? ajymwkaH vau?
rzG,fr&m? nD,uau? ,ckrSmu? aemifawmf'ko? oufajcmufq,fau?
t&G,fusvkdY? vSykyf&nf? xkdrdarvqif? nDi,fMuif&m? aemif'korSm? ajcr
omvqif? awmfygvdrfhrnf? okdUa0vQif? ajymaewkHMu? vuPnDawmf?
Mum;aomcgvQif? arQmfumvSnhfau? Munhfumv? ,ukyfoGif? jrifavusif
aomf? eifwkdYEG,fkd;? awmNrdKifv,frSm? b,f trsKd;[k? &Sdckd;NyD;vQif? igbk&ifukd?
avQmufwif&rnf? qkdwkHavau? xkdonf,u? bDvl;ESpfaumif? ESpfOD;armif
wGi?f aemif'o
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137/
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wk d Y E G , f v mu? jA[ m trsKd ; ? yg&rD a v? xd e f x d e f B ud K ;uk d ? wef c k d ; BuD ; bd ?
odCKjynfwGif? acgif;q,f cG[k? ighOD;&D;u pD;eif;wkHjim;? rdk;wdrf,Hukd?
ysH E k d i f j im;au? &xm;pMum? &wk H y g? tol & mrS e f u if ; ? j'yf v if ; au?
ewfrif;aomfrS? wpfxD;&wem? orD;awmfukd? qufyg&vkdY? &mZmrSefuif;?
OD;&D;rif;rSm? ukd,f&if;ESr? bGJYawmfcsDau? *rDvSu? ,k,jrwfav;? a&TEkdYcsKdESihf?
wkdYukdarG;au? &ifaoG;&wem? aemif'koESihf? c,ac:au? nDawmfaemif&if;?
ESpfyg;rif;[k? owif;wpfxl;? wkdYpGrf;tifukd? oifvlom;rSm? rMum;bl;vm;?
bDvl;rSefuif;? OD;&Drif;rSm? om;&if;toGif? pdwfuxif? NrdKifcGif&*kH?
awmarSmfkHukd? tukeftyfESif;? igwkdYykdifau? *EkdifwGif; ukd? pm&if;onfaeY?
oufZD0defav? aocsdefaphvkdY? ra&GUrSefpGm? oifwkdYrlav? wlokH;a,mufwkdY?
a&mufvv
Ydk mau? tpmtm[m&? igwku
Ydk vnf;? qmvSwHk vku
d ?f rGwv
f aYdk eau?
tckdufESihf? tvkdufoihfpGm? wkdY0rf;wkdufrSm? udef;ykduf umjzihf? aeyg&rnf?
jzpfwkHayvsuf? rxDav;pm;? oufcsrf;om&ef? tawmif; yefav? cHrajymbJ?
pum;armuf a rmuf ? rvef Y a Mumuf a u? avQmuf a vmwif avm?
tajymarmfysm? 0gr<um;ESihf? tpm;cHiSm? oifhtazmfukd? ac:umvnf;EId;?
pm;aumif;zG,af v? a&rk;d csK;d vk?Yd &Scd ;dk Ny;D cg? wkx
Yd rH mS vQi?f tpm;cHrnf? omt,m
jzih?f vmMuap[k? qko
d nfumv? avmif;ored af v? nDyef;cufau? vuPu?
yg;pyfukdukd;? bDvl;rsKd;wkdY? wefckd;ukdjy? ighukdaomfav? omrn[k? rSwfMuawmh

onf? wkdYEG,fvmav? jcif;Zmwdukd? rodacsav/
138/
rodacsav? [,f...bDvl;rsKd;? ;oGm;pG,frQifukd? tm;tif
uk;d vnf;? tusK;d b,fo?Ydk eifww
Ydk iG af v? xifEidk rf sKv
d rd ?hf igwkrYd sK;d EG,?f bke;f awmf
[kefESifh? *kPfowdukd? rodacsvkdY? armfayovm;? wefckd;awZm? rsKd;EG,fvmukd?
azmfum ajymrnf? rSwfom;NyD;vQif? rowfcifukd? eifwkdYem;vnf? wajymif
ajymifav? jra&mifxGef;vkdY? awmifuRef;ajrrSm? a&Tjynfkw&? Ou|wGif?
orwEG,fkd;? xD;eef;wnfysm? t&Snfpkd;au? ab;bkd;oefYpif? bkef;awZmESihf?
orm&Sdau? omuD0if[k? zcifrif;vS? '|&rSm? r*r[m? awmifnmaysmfau?
r,fawmf rddzk&m;? a&Tvifyef;wGif? csif;oefYpifysm? jrifajrmfzGm;au? om;BuD;
&mr? vuP[k? xGef;yawaZmf? wkdYnDaemifav? bkef;a&mifvif;vkdY? owif;
awmfu?dk rdpm bDv;l ? uka,mifyifav? oifweYdk m;rSm? rMum;bl;vm;? xl;0daoo?
rdwv
d mrnf? xD;eef;wnfau? jynfXme? t|pEm? av;pMumuk?d wifcgwke;f
u? rif;aygif;ai;rIdif? rBuHEkdifau? vufrIdifcsvkdY? ighaemifawmf&if;? &mrrif;u? aomif;wGif;pMu0Vm? odrfhodrfhcgatmif? pMuma&Tav;? qGJumiifysm?
wifEkdif a&;ESihf? a&Tav;ocif? EIef;Ekdifaygifav? bkef;a&mifxGef;vkdY? pGrf;*kPf
tifukd? eifwkdYOD;&D;? bDvl;BuD;ESihf? aMumufBudrf; usjim;? &Suftm;ESihfom?vuf
zsm;cgau? jyefumoGm;&/
tavmif;awmf&mr? vuPESihf 'ko?

c,wkdY ppfwkdufcef;
139/
jyef u moG m ;au? BuD ; rm;*k P f t if ? wk d Y n D a emif a v?
bke;f a&mifxeG ;f vk?Yd pGr;f jcif;tifu?dk eifwb
Ydk v
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NrdKifkdkdukd? rSDckdom? opfeef;omrSm? aemifawmf&mr? r&D;ausmfau?
oDwmvSESihf? wluG pufawmf? aysmfarGU&mwGif? kyf0gqkd;npf? om;pm;MuL;au?
bDvl;rkdufu? ukdufrnfpm;rnf? ajymvmayau? rxD;av;pm;? oHus,fus,f
au? ajrrajymESihf? aemifzGm;Muif&m? r&D;awmfvQif? Ekd;umvefYajrmuf? eifwkdY
kyfoGif? jzKwfacs; jrifaomf? r&TifId;aw? pkd;vefYaMumufrnf? okdYjzpfay?
taovwfvwf? wpfcgukd? igrowfbJ? oufvGwfapa&;? oifwkdYukdom?
ig&mZmav? csrf;omay;\? &yfa0;ukdonf? oGm;Muav[k? qkdonfumv?
nDtpfukdav? xkd,uwGif? 'koaemifawmf? ajymjcif;&mu? arSmfkHomarm?
igwkaYd wmrSm? tpm;cHimS ? oifwo
Ydk ;Hk a,muf? a&SUuHarSmuf? a&mufvv
Ydk mau?
aocgeD;vkduf? t&rf;qkduf? y&pfya'guf? rvefYaMumufbJ? vSefajcmufNcdrf;
um? ajymwkyH gvnf;? ighwrYdk vTw?f oGm;pMumESi?fh uku
d u
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vku
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f m? wkyYd idk &f muk?d
rSmumxm;vkdY? tpm;cHrnf? oem;aqGvQif? a&mufaywkHvsuf? onftwGuf
aMumihf? tdyfrfxifxif? tpmtm[m&? vmbfvmbau? pkwf&csifvkdY? jrifay
wkHjim;? r[mEG,fav? r[mzGm;ukd? pm;&rSmom? bkef;awZmav? wkd;ygawmh
rnf? olYpdwfwGifav? xifoabmukd? ajymMuonfav/
140/
ajymavygau? nDawmfrif;vS? vuPu? rmersufrmef?
xG u f w k H j yef ? aouH v nf ; qk d u f ? bD v l ; rd k u f a Mumih f ? tjypf a emif c g?
ra&mufomatmif? ygPmwdygwf? oufcEmuk?d igrowfb?J vGw&f moko
Yd nf?
oGm;Muav[k? qkad y wkv
H u
dk ?f olwu
Ydk adk v? tvkv
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fh nf? apumvTwv
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rnf [ k ? raevsif v sm;? qd w f v l ; jrm;uk d ? ,l j im;NyD ; vQif ? qG J u mwif ?
a'gifvQifvnf; wkduf? av;pEmESihf? a&mfumypfau? olrkdufbDvl;? nDtpf

ukad v? xkEd pS Of ;D vnf;? txl;tm;oef? &Sv
d jS yef? vsijf refcek o
f mG ;? opfyifi,f
uk?d EIwaf yjim;vsu?f qD;wm;umuG,?f 'kid ;f vTm;ES,o
f ?Ydk jzpfay&um;? vuP
rif;rGef? ypfjcif;[efukd? ckcHxm;vkdY? jrm;pl;axmif&m? r0ifomau? xkdcgumv?
jrm;awmfoHukd? Mum;jyefuvQif? &mraemifawmf? Ekd;avyg? Iajrmfumv?
ESpfOD;ppf&ef? wkdufMu[efukd? jrifjyefuvQif? tm*bDvl;? ighnDi,fav?
vTwfayjim;vnf;? jrm;rpl;bJ? txl;*kPf&Sd? okdYjzpfbd? owdxl;jrwf?
igwpfrlav? ulumwkduf vkdY? ypfcgvTwfrnf? BuHwkHay? BuD;us,fvufeuf?
odMum;qufau? jrm;puf ESihfonf? vTwfvkduf ayaomf? umuG,fqD;wm;?rcH
Ekid af u? vGiphf ifomG ;? jrm;awmfpMum? azmufvmygau? ajrrSmwk;H vk;H ? bDv;l
ESpaf umif? nDEiS afh emif rSm? awmifEpS v
f ;Hk ok?Yd qk;H ysucf Em? aoavygau?oDwm
ysKdacsm? av;jrm;awmf oH? BudK;jcif;[efaMumihf? Ekd;jyefjim;u? xl;jcm;kyfoGif?
awmbDv;l uk?d aoqk;H jrifaomf? wpfa,mufMuif&m? vSow
D muk?d jcif;&mpum;?
aMumif;rsKd;pkHukd? ajymwkHjim;u? pOf;pm;qifjcif? rdrdvifukd? wifumavQmuf
xG,f? bDvl;wkdY? ESpfOD;aoaomf? rsKd;aqGrdb? ppfum&Sm? vkdufvmMuu?
&efp-Bu;D us,?f aemiftcgav? rsm;pGmawGUau? &Sad wmhrnf[?k onfae&m?
opfeef;omu? vGwf&mwjcm;? &dyfNrdKifNrdKifESihf? *Ekdifawmukd? oGm;ygMurnf?
avQmufwkHavau? ae0ifcsdefus? r,foDwmESihf? nDawmfvSwkdY? nwpf&uf?
ae&mrSm? tdyfaysmfpufvkdY? aexGufa&mif0g? eufjzefcgrS? oGm;ygMurnf?
qkw
d aHk y? xko
d nfxadk eY? xkw
d pfnOfu
h ?dk ck
d arGUavsm?f xk*d Ekid af v? xkNd rKd i&f yd rf mS ?
tdyfpuf aysmfa&/
ar*rDbDvl;ronf
om;vSwkdYukd vGrf;wcef;
141/
tdyfpufaysmfau? a&SUrSmwpfcef;? rdrmwmrSm? AsmygyGm;au?
om;ukv
d rG ;f vk?Yd ,k&d rT ;f rsu&f nf? a&SUjcif;&muk?d vuFmqef;ESi?fh ed'gef;oG,rf nf?
a&Munfywf0ef;? rIdif;kdkdESihf? odCKuRef;ukd? pHjref;pkd;&? vGefBuD;us,fau?
acgif;q,fcGrSm? ESr*rD? bkHeef;tdrfwGif? arGUodrftdyfpuf? okydEmau? jyvm
csuu
f ? ESpzf ufvuf;Hk ? b,fEiS n
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tlu?dk cG,
J El w
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f ifxif? rk;d aomufcsed rf mS ? rNird o
f ufatmif? tdyrf uf
jrifau? r&TifEGrf;Id;? pdwfrNidrfau? pkd;&drfwkd;vkdY? Ekd; x-cg? arSmfkHawmu?
om;ESpfjzmwkdY? rvmrjyef? rMumwefbJ? Mum[efukdaxmuf? awGUvkdYBuHK?
pkHwpfckau? Oy'fa&mufvkdY? ESpfa,mufoufa0? ra&mufvmau? MumvDa&
vm;? wpfoG,fxkdrS? r[kwfurl? ykwnDaemif? arhom;armifwkdY? awmawmif
uEm? vSnv
fh nfumjzih?f aysmaf ysmyf g;yg;? *Ekid t
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upm;NyD;axG? om;oufa0wkdY? aeavovm;? r[kwfjim;vnf;? ighom;ykw?
'ko-c,? Ir0au? vSonf;csmukd? &ef&Smapmfum;? wjcm;olav? vlrif;om;
wkdY? rD;yGm;&efppf? av;ESihfwifysm? pD&ifypfvkdY? om;cspfESpfa,muf? wpf0rf;
aygufvkdY? ra&mufrvm? ray:vmau? MumvDa&vm;? om;aumif;&wem?
eef;avmif;vsmwkdY? aMumif;ZmwkdYukd? rod&[k? pdwfur,kH? tdyfrufykHukd?
wdwHKSESihfaxmuf? om;ESpfa,mufaMumihf? vefYaMumufpkd;&drf? pdwfNidrfNidrfESihf?
raeEkdifum? NrdKifawmeufukd? xGufvkdYvmysm? vrf;rSmwpfzef? ikdjcif;[efu?
oufESHywjrm;? a&SUaemufjrifysm? rdcifzGm;au? om;BuD;om;i,f? rsufpqif
ysm? vnfwGifqGJau? ykvJoG,fwkdY? ti,fuyif? jrif;rkd&f&Sifau? zcifr&Sd?
om;oufvsmwk?Yd I;d ZmwdEiS ?fh arG;rdigvQi?f okwo
f ifauR;vk?Yd arG;ygusiv
f nf;?
r&TifrsufESm? tol&defav? yl&SdefaiGUESihf? aeawGUMumokdY? ig\onf;tl? rdbESpf
yg;? &Sdaomom;ESihf? vm;rwlau? tm;vlvnf;,kwf? Zmwd*kPf&Sdef? raxmuf
xdefau? odrfvnf;EkyfvkdY? ykw&wem? rd&ifaoG;au? ykvJSmwkdY? onf;csmESpf
a,muf? rsufIozG,f? oufEke,fau? t&G,fa&mufvkdY? cspfavmufMuifem?
om;ESpfa,mufwkdY? BuD;ajrmufvmaomf? &mZmapmxD;? vufkH;ukdaxmif?
pufbkef;a&mifESihf? armifOD;&D;rSm? uaus;NrdKU&Gm? ay;wkHyg? 0emarSmfkH? NrdKif

&*ku
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dk f
usrf;ckdif? aemufay:xGef;atmif? armfuGef;wkdifukd? udk,fykdife,fjcm;? cspfouf
ESHwkdY? pkduf&efoGm;u? a&mufjim;csdefwef? oem;pavmuf? om;ESpfa,mufwkdY?
ra&muf[efrSm? Mum&eftcGifh? aroufESHwkdY? rSefroihf[k? axmufcsihfpmem?
a[r0gukd? ajc&mppfvkdY? vkdufvmvnf;? romonfpdwf? onf;b0ifrSm?
rD;wift;Hk ok?Yd ESv;Hk xdw
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f a,mif? om;nDaemifo?Ydk xifa,mifxifrmS ;?
arhrsuv
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f Qi?f vIyw
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Hk wf?
Oy'fjzpfrnf? edrdwftoGif? pdwfr&Tifau? xifoda&av/
142/
xifoad &au? NrKd iaf jcukad vQmuf? awm&*kaH v? arSmf aHk &muf
u? a&SUaemufarQmfac:? aeukdvSnhfvkdY? Munfhavygaomf? om;awmfESpfyg;?
jcm;em;pGmav? pkdufumxm;au? BuD;rm;usrf;ckdif? ausmufpmwkdifukd? ukdifum
vnf;Munh?f ighom;ykwm ? pku
d v
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fh rMum? arSm&f *kH
wGif? vmwkHcJu? olYonf;csmwkdY? ajrrSmvJvl;? 0dnmOfuG,fau? pG,fjyL;jyL;ESihf?
bDv;l ESpaf umif? zl;zl;a&mifv?Ydk awmifypl mrQ? olrY cd ifvQi?f jrifavurl? awG;q
qifjcif? ta0;jrif? toGirf nf;rnf;? oabmxJrmS ? awmuREJ pS Of ;D ? cku
d &f efjyK
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rSwaf vwkNH rKd U? ighom;armifau? nDaemifwu
Ydk ? okrYd [kw?f tdyaf ysmcf siv
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uRJ[k qkdau? xkdtem;rSm? tyg;csOf;uyf? oGm;csifygvnf;? igr0HhcJ? &yfwefYNyD;
jim;? ae&mu? vGJumoGm;vnf;? EGm;vm;uRJvm;? ruGJjym;au? cGJjcm;rkcs?
rod&bJ? 'Gd[rMunf? igarG;rdrSm? &Sdawmhrnfav? taecGJjcm;? om;rdcifrS?
odcsifjim;? roGm;0Hh0Hh oGm;0Hh0HhESihf? wGefY&GHUqkwfum? wqwfqwfvQif? [yf
vmau? 'Pf&mjrm;csuf? vufeuf&mu? xGufumpD;au? aoG;pufpufESihf?
,udKufrnfwGif? om;&ifaoG;ukd? arG;rdcifvQif? rjrif0Hh0Hh? jrif0Hh0Hhau? &ifGefY
vIdufql? 0rf;xJylau? onf;tloufpk? ESpfa,mufusLonf? om;OD;rdcif? ao
rnfoGifav? aovQifqkdYvkdY? a&TEkdY&SifrSm? &Sif&Sifvnf;<uD;? om;oufa0av?
i,ftBuD;aMumihf? cwfwD;&ifpnf? taqG;ayGysm? oJajrtxJ? bDvl;nDaemifd?
taoaumifESihf? ajymumvJvkdY? ylaqG;AsmvIdif? raeEkdif? vnfukdvnf;zuf?
om;b,ufau? toufyrm? rdcifcspf? vkdufvkdYvmau? r,fawmfESifhom;?

,aeYcgav? awGUyg jim;vsu?f pum;awmifyif? rajymusiaf u? rdcifr,fawmf?
a&SUtcgok?Yd ac:yg awmhvm;? wpf0rf;0ifav? wpf&ifaomufau? ESpaf ,muf
om;[k? rsm;pGm ylyif? arG;rdcifrmS ? ao&Sirf wwf? raeomatmif? ajrrSmvl;ysm?
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146/
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av? oDwmvS? jywkaH vau? jrifavorQ? a&Torifu?dk vkcd siMf uvk?Yd 'rif;
ausmf? qkdjcif;&mu? awmfayoy? oifhpGrf;tifukd? igjrif&NyD? vsifpGrae?
oGm;Murnf[?k qko
d nfumv? orifqadk u? kyf yl u? ,ursK;d pG,?f a&S;u[ef
ok?Yd rSepf ifppfau? jzpfwaHk vaomf? a&TjynfaoXfeif;? odCK rif;rSm? aMumif;&if;
rusef ? ajymjcif ; [ef u ? uk r P f u k a r m ? wmaem,u ? trnf & au?
aZ,soMwL? ig\xHrmS ? &efqnf;uyfau? rwfav;OD;wk?Yd ,cktcg? awmcEm
ukd? oGm;ygawmhrnf? okdYjzpfay? a&TjynfEkdifiH? atmifeufoHwGif? ab;&efcyf
odrf;? rsm;jynfolwkdY? rylNidrf;atmif? xdef;odrf;vkdufyg? rwf0efrsm;ukd? pum;
rSmysm? ESpjf zmwlu?G armifErS wk?Yd eef;uoufNy;D ? av,mOfysaH v? psmef&xm;rSm?
wufjim;pD;a&/
147/
wufvkdYpD;au? &yfa0;ajrwm? oGm;rnfcgwGif? &mZmpufoH?
bDvl;BuD; rSm? Ncdrf;y[efu? uRef;&He*kd? pdrf;pdrf;IdUau? odCKpkd;&? wefckd;yvkdY?
awZuGefY jrL;? rsKd;r[mav? ormjrwfau? ewfbDvl;[k? bGJYxl;onm? r
wpfaxmifrSm? wpfaumifzGm;au? a,musfm;igukd? jA[marG;z? Asm'dwfawmf
av? ESyd u
f mjyKau? atmifq&k vk?Yd rk;d 0aumif;uif? ajrjyifwpfvmT ;? av;uRe;f
ckid ?f awmifr@dKiu
f ?dk a&mufEidk jf im;au? &xm;Adrmef? av,mOfysu
H ?dk bke;f uH
awmufy? ig&mZmrSm? ykdifumrkd;au? tpkd;&vkdY? xufrSaumif;uif? ajrjyif
wpfavQmuf? pdwfvkd&mukd? igvQifa&mufvkdY? wpfa,muf&efol? xGufrjyLau?
vlomrn? &efoyl EHk iS ?hf rmef*P
k jf yKysm? wkNyKd iMf uu? yg;pyf&efciG ;f ? ighcw
H iG ;f rSm?
oif;ok omefajr? kyfemrfuG,fatmif? tpG,f0&Zdef? nmvufarmif;ukd?
wpfacsmif; csDau? yx0DyHok? awmifjrif;rkd&fav? uGJNydKvkrQ? ESpfpkajrvTm?xd
ckduftufvkdY? oGufoGufcgatmif? &efwumIyf? zufumNydKifysm? Iyfvmvkyf
vnf;? rIwZf ravmuf? rsm;Akv
d yf gav? vmoa&GUuk?d ig[Jah [mufu?acsmufcsm;
toH? atmuftxufav? b0*fysHrQ? xufoefyg&rD? trIa[mif;u? qk
awmif;nDau? Zm*Djznhfxl;? acgif;q,f>rmESihf? igbDvl;rSm? wpfOD;Muif&m?
vSow
D muk?d aqmifygawmhrnf? av,mOfysaH v? psmef&xm;ESi?fh oGm;wkaH vau?
jrLacGrIdif;rkdY? wkdYkdYESihf? pkdYpkdY&Tef;&Tef;? wdrfrdvmrSm? wdrfjymoef;vkdY? wdrfyef;
wdrfvTm? xyfukdcGmysm? wdrf0gtMum;? 0JumysHau? psmef&xm;ESihf? oGm;av
wkHajrmuf? yef;rsKd;pkHau? arSmfkHatmufukd? a&mufavaomcg? armifawmfESr?
jynfodCKu? xkd,uwkdY? awm0NrdKifapmif;? vSoDwmukd? tomacsmif;vkdY?
ykef;atmif;uG,fum? Munhfavygaomf? xkdcgumv? nDrif;ausmfav? avmif;
&mrESihf? tvSoDwm? pufarGUaysmfaomf? jrifvmtdyfruf? okyEmav?

jyvmcsuu
f ? vufvuf awmufxed ?f t&Sed af jymifn;D ? rD;ESpyf aHk v? avmif[ek f
BuD;vkdY? aemufNyD;wpfcg? ESpfzufMumrSm? rD;yGm;0gvQif? xGufay:NyD;xG,f? nD;
ajymifajymifav? a&mifrxkd;bJ? Id;i,fi,fESifh? wpfe,fwjcm;? rwm;Ekdif
atmif? vGifhpOfoGm;[k? jrifjim; avusif? xkdtaMumif;ukd? avmif;ocifxH?
avQmufwifumv? edrdwfykHukd? wdwHKusrf;ESihf? pOf;pm;url? ESra'0D vSr,foD
aMumihf? pkd;&drfp&m? tdyfrufxifysm? jriftaMumif;onf? raumif;ygav?
okaYd omfjzpfjim;? [kwrf eS &f muk?d xkwf azmfajymu? aomupk;d &dr?f aerNird af tmif?
rD;okdY&Sdefrnf? Id;ydefAsm,? aomu okydErsKd;? tdyfrufqkd;vnf;? aumif;usKd;
r*Fvm? jzpfapiSm[k? jcif;&mpum;? avmif;bke;f rkrd mS ? rdeq
Yf adk jyma&? arzGm;tdyf
ysu?f rD;ukyd ifav? jrifrufcsurf mS ? txufeyd gwf? tavmif;awmfav? ra[mf
Zmwf? trwfvdrm? ynmausmfvQif? xGufay:vkdaMumif;? rif;0da'ukd?
avQmufava&Smif;au? xkH;a[mif; vnf;&Sd? armifhcspfaqGau? artod[k?
0Dpdudpm? r&Sdygatmif? qkdawmfrlu?oD wmjzLau? vSlyvnf;? tm;&0rf;om?
aeaomcgvQif? ,um,u?rm,m aqmifau? armifESrwkdY? awm0NrdKifcGif?
ajymwkdifyif? orifra,mif?jyKrm,m av? ememkyfjzihf? vkyfumaqmifvkdY?
jrifatmifrkcs? a&SUwllrSm? olvQifjya&/
148/
olvQifjyau? tvSoDwm? jrifaomcgvQif? armifawmfrif;
zsm;? oufqkH;Muifau? vifbk&m;av? eDjim;ta&mif? om;aumifrSm?
apmifurvm? uwDygokdY? eDwsmawG;awG;? cyf&J&Jau? tarG;rSifqH? wajymif
ajymif av? ta&mifzdwfau? csdyf&nfvQHokdY? ESmwHvkH;vkH;? ESmacgif;0rSm?
wpfqHxkH;a,mif? ukef;xufawG? vuf,m&pfvkdY? 0kdufoef;acGau? oa0t
vm;? cGmav;vk;H 0,f? arSmufxm;ayau? a&Tzvm;ok?Yd oGm;pde&f wD? ykvpJ aD &mif?
eDeDawG;awG;? 0if;0if;0gau? tmcHwGif;rSm? [oFmaq;okdY? rnf;rnf;rsuf
awmif? kda&mifrsufckH;? rsufvkH;ywjrm;? wpGifhpGifhau? ESpfzufem;ESihf?
NrD;zsm;wkdwkd? olYe*kdrSm? OD;csKd cRef;cRef;? jcL;yef;jcL;EG,f? yrmES,fokdY? wGefYacGvdrf
aumuf? urf;yg;ajrrSm? awma[rmwGif? oGm;umavQmufvkdY? axmufokH;
acsmif;cGm? wpfacsmif;emESifh? pmr&Dvm;? {PDvm;ukd? jcm;em;wpfxl;? odrnf
jyifau? rjrifz;l ? MunfE;l p&m? eef;awmfomuk?d aqmifumaw;oD? om;vkv
d dk
av? ausmukdyGwfysm? okH;oyfNyD;rS? jynfBuD;Xme? arG;pm;&atmif? avmif;vS

armifawmf? om;aumifukd? aqmifvkda&;ESihf? zrf;ay;yg[k? oDwmEGJYaESmif;?
t&awmif;au? tavmif; &mr? xkdorif\? oGiftuJukd? Munhfumv?
rlvrwl? orif[l? r,kHwpf0uf? pdwftmkHwGif? ,kHwpf0ufESihf? tdyfruf
aMumif;tif? orif[k? txifpdwf&Sd? olYtqifav? oGifedrdwfaMumihf?
t&dyfruif;? okdYjzpfjcif;jzihf? oufESif;Muif&m? yifeef;olav? vSlyau? ESr
awmfav? rd*gwGifjim;? vSe*kdrSm? vkdr&SdESifh? aAm"davmif;vsm? qkdaomcgvQif?
armifawmfb&k m;? arhxyd x
f m;av? oem;p &m? wku
Yd o
dk mvQi?f b,fnm0ef;vS?J
jrufEkajrpm? olpm;&mu? armfumMunhfvkdY? zrf;,liif? arG;ygcsif[k? qkdvQif
umv? avmif;&mrrSm? aMumif;pwpfzef? ajymjcif;[efu? oufESHESr? okydE
vQif? jrifxwkHa&Smif;? xkdtaMumif;vnf;? raumif;vuPm? orifvQif?
NrKd icf iG af tmufrmS ? a&mufwv
Hk mau? axmufarQmpf Of;pm;? tdyrf ufaumif;yif?
orif[k? igxifjim;onf? armifh cspfaqGrSm? wu,f&-aMumif;? rm,mzef
ysm? BuHrawmif;ESihf? tavmif;&mr? oDwmysKdukd? qkdumv? omrduwGif?
arhxdyfwifrSm? ,cifyxr? okydEukd? okbr*Fvm? tdyfrufxif? jrift
aMumif;onf? aumif;vSyg[k? qkdawmfrlusif? ,ckwGifu? jrifonftdyfruf?
xkt
d wGuaf Mumih?f pdwpf ufu-av;? orifyif? txifaxG;au? tar;tajz?
vGJumoG,fvkdY? a&S;0,fwjcm;? pum;ukdav? qkdNyD;jim;rS? aemufum;wpfzkH?
ajymavwkHau? arrkefck0,f? b,fpum;ukd? em;rSmaxmifysm? aqmif&rnfav? rxDav;pm;? ajymjcif;&muk?d qku
d majymvk?Yd r,m;rrSw?f om;rrSw
f ?
cRwfwkHEkwfwkH? udkcsif&mukd? qkdumjim;au? ajymygwkH[k? r,kH rMunf? qkdwkH
avaomf? nDi,frif;vS? vuPukd? &mraemifawmf? ajymjcif;&mu? oDwm
wGiNf y;D ? vSxyd af cgifav? armifr&D;uk?d aMumif; a&omMunf? aumif;usK;d rsm;uk?d
ajymygonfukd? em;0,frem? ighukdomvQif? xG,f&mxdckduf? orifukdav?
vkcfd sijf im;[k? ajymrjzpf? nDcspo
f ufrQ? vuP u? em;csNy;D cg? a&S;jzpfwaHk v?
xkH;ykHrsm;ESihf? ajymprf;ygav/
149/
ajymprf;ygav? aemifawmf&mr? qkdumv? nDvSwpfzef?
r&D;ausmf av? ajcawmfatmufrSm? avQmufvwf[efu? tvGefrufarm?
onfNrdKif av? *Ekdifawm? ESajrmpkHruf? ESpfoufp&m? r[kwfygbJ?
rd*gac:wkH? orif[l aom? lygkHukd? pGJwkHuyfNid? edygwfawmfav? usrf;rSm&SdvkdY?
owdrxm;? wPSm t[ke?f umr*kPrf mS ? tmkyH mG ;? avSom;ig;&m? bDv;l pm;

vQi?f rsm;pGmjzpfz;l ? a&S;vGeaf vau? oufaoxk;H uk?d ESv;Hk rSmoGi;f ? orifu?dk
vkdcsifjcif;? jywf uif;pGefYypf? r&D;awmfvS? wd,au? rdef;rjzpfvnf;?
topfta[mif;? taumif;tqk;d ? aygif;ESprf sK;d wGi?f tusK;d tjypf? r&D;awmfrmS ?
aq;umppfu? tjypftvif;? jzpfwkHvQif;onf? t&if;tzsm;? tcg;tief?
rSm;trSefukd? {uef wdwd? rdrdOmPfESihf? a0zefSdu? odvsufESihfyif? orifukd
av? rvkcd siEf iS ?fh qifjcifoiho
f nf? avQmufwaHk vaomf? aroDwmvS? xku
d mv
? rd*r nfwiG ?f a&Torifu?dk vkcd sipf w
d w
f yf? Oyg'gefav? tvGeu
f yf? rwfvu
P? w&m; oabm? ajympum;ukd? em;rusbJ? pdwfurmefyg? ikdjcif;&mukd? ig
rdef;rqkd;? awmNrdKifcGifrSm? vifa,musfm;ukd? tm;vQifukd;vnf;? tusKd;r&Sd?
,ckrSom? rSm;jcif;&mukd? igvQifoda&? omrduoGif? vifocifu? rMuifrcspf?
okdYukdyifav? eiftrkdufrSm? NrdKifwkdufa[rm? vkdufvkdYvmau? igvQifvnf;rSm?
rdoDwmukd? arwmwkH;au? rkef;a&vm;av? vifom;Muif&m? xif&Sm;pGmvQif?
&SdygwkHa&Smif;? orifukd? vkdcsifaMumif;rSm? raumif;&mus? awmif;r&rS?
umvjrifh&Snf? aemifaemif0,f? BuD;us,f0wK? awGUvkdYBuHKau? pkHwpfckvQif?
trIudp? &Sdumv? &rnfta&;? ,ckESifhaomf? Ipmau? vGefpGma0;a&?
arQmaf wG;vku
d v
f Qi?f vlcY iG rf mS ? vifEiS rhf ,m;? taMumif;yg? aygif;azmfjim;
vnf;? tm;uk;d p&m? pkw
H pdrQ? r&Syd gav? Muifemroem;? ,ckcgav? jyK&mrsm;rSm?
ESpfyg;nDukd? oabmvkdrSm? ESpfukd,fwpfpdwf? rsufpdrSdwf? t&dyftjcnf? t"d
ym,fu?dk ruG,rf 0Su?f rdow
D mvQi?f odygvsuo
f m? vifrif;ausmu
f ? rrSwu
f sif
? arvQit
f rSe?f yrmykrH mS ? *ket
f w
d q
f ;dk avSmuf? zk;d rwefyg? {uefrck s? a&Torif
ukd? vkdcsifaMumif;ESihf? awmif;r&u? rxrSefpGm? ae&mrSm? oDwmrdonf?
kyfemrfuGm? cEmqkH;au? wkH;ygap[k? rsuf&nf,kdpD;? a&;wBuD;jzihf? nnf;
Lud,
k u
hf ?dk ajrurmrSm? a>cumvJau? vl;ikad omf? xkcd gumv? vifrif;ausmf
au? avmif;&mrrSm? tvSoDwm? ESrawmfukd? ajzazsmfr&? l;ovkdvkd? vl;vJikd
aomf? xku
d mv? aomuAsmyg? pdwrf om? xkcd gumv? vuPuk?d aMumif;
pomcsKd? wpfa,mufnDukd? okdYqkda&/
150/
okdYqkdau? tkd-tkfd ighnD? vSomuDav? aroDwmvS? jreef;
olau? vSlyu? rd*rnfwGif? orifukd? cifrifpdwfwyf? Oyg'gefav?
tvGefuyfvkdY? Oy'fjzpfrnf? ,ckjrifav? orifqef;ukd? rzrf;ay;aomf? awmf
rnfrxif? rsm;vl&SifwkdY? wifumtjypf? &mr-rif;ysKd? r,m;ukdvQif? tvkdvkduf

[k? aomif;wkdufajrjyif? ZrLcGif? ausmfwGifpum;? a,musfm;[lau? vlt
rsm;wk?Yd Mum;Muoa&GU? tjypfzv
YJG ?Ydk uJ&h UJ oN*K [?f igrif;ysKrd mS ? qkrd enfqufquf?
oku
Yd ydk ifav? xifjrifcv
hJ nf;? riJu
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D muk?d igvQirf eS pf mG ? vGew
f &m
av? Muifemcspfcif? xkdYtjyifukd? NrdKifcGifawm0? nDESihfigvQif? xGufvmMuu?
tvS oDwm? igrif;ausmu
f ?dk MuifemESpcf sp?f eef;&a0rSm? rae&pfb?J vku
d
f wl
uG? awm&*kHav? arSmfkH0rSm? rdef;rrwef? a,musfm;[efokdY? ylyef'ku? igh
wGuw
f maMumih?f cHyg&vk?Yd Muifqoem;? aemifBu;D &Sirf mS ? Muifr,m;u? rdz&k m;
tvsm? &wemau? awmifnmeef;avmif;? 0wfig;tifukd? pkHvifbdau? rdef;r
aumif;[k? i,faygif;vnf;jzpf? tjzmjzmav? jcif;&maygif;au? aMumif;oepf
aMumihf? vkdufygawmhrnf? nDrif;i,frSm? onfawm? r&D;aeau? onf
tyg;u? wpfz0g;om? xumoGm;vk?Yd rvm;ygESi?hf Nyw
d m pke;f zkw?f awma[rm
rSm? ememkyfwkdY? rsm;IyfvSyg? orif\? oGiflyukd? axmufqarQmfaomf?
ememkyfvkd? a00kpfvkdESif? wkdYukdwnfhwnfh? jrufEkajrpm? pm;&mu? armfarmf
Munhv
f ?Ydk ra&GUwpfyg;? vSnrhf oGm;bJ? awmrSmyif? olaeusiaf u? orifyl ?
rlrvSyg? okdYwGufwmaMumihf? nDrSmr&D;? opf&dyfNrHKwGif? apmifhwkHNyD;rS? ukdBuD;rSm
yif? orifESihf? NrdKifcGifawmwkduf? riJhpom? ,aeYcgwGif? Zmyifjzpf[k?
vku
d yf gawmh rnf? nDrif;ausmEf iS ?hf oDwmacsmuk?d rSmxm;ayrS? bke;f <u,f&mr?
t|pEm? jrvQ0H guk?d csu
D mrvk?Yd Ncrd ;f jyyvTm;? rwpfaxmifrmS ? &atmifaumuf
vnf;? wpfa,muf&mS ;au? a,mufsm;[Jih g? vl&Y mG rSm? aemifcgyGirhf ?l yg&rDu?dk
pkn
H D jynfah tmif? jznhu
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&[H? aAm"dOmPfu?dk
igyefawmif;au? tavmif;&mr? awmifoajyav? atmifajruRef;rSm? xGef;
umyvkdY? aevwEIef;? zufum,SOfau? NydKifolIH;vkdY? bkef;&SifuH&Sif? 0wykdif
av? udk,fwkdifqufau? pMum&Sifukd? orifr*d? igpGrf;tifukfd? eifrodvkdY? ZD0d
r&PH? b,ftuGufrSm? eifhouf-ESHrnf? ckcHrnfvkd? ESpfacsmif;csKdESifh? acgif;ukd
ndwfcg? arSmfkHNrdKifav? *EkdifatmufrSm? ajcmufwkHygvnf;? iga&Tav;&Sif?
xDrxifau? orifxef;? rkkdufow0g? rvG,fomatmif? vkdufcgzrf;rnf?
av;uRef;'Dyg? ajrurmrSm? cGm&mcsif;xyf? pu0gukd? 0Sufcgywfrnf? rvTwf
igonf? awmarSmfkHav? &*kHwkdufrSm? vkdufawmhrnfav/
&mrbk&if pMum&Sifonf
orifvkdufcef;
151/
vku
d w
f aHk vau? a&Torifa,mif? toGiaf qmifu? yke;f a&Smif
ajy; um? ajcav;bufrSm? wpfzufcGmukd? em[efvnf;jyK? rm,mzefysm? BuH
pnfrIaMumihf? NrdefvkNrdefcsif? awmNrdKifcGifrSm? orif,u? OmPfyvDESihf? *rDruk?d &mravmif;awmf vku
d af omcgvQi?f aovm*Ekid ?f a[rmNrKd irf mS ? awmifpidk f
ukad vQmuf? avmif;ausmx
f ifrmS ? orifaemufu? awmifatmufuw
dk uf? awm
&*kHrSm? vTm;ckefwufvkdY? awmifxufukda&muf? tacgufacgufjzihf? aemufxyf
ruGm? vkdufjcif;&maMumihf? anmif;nmarm[kduf? 0wfvJawmfav? wef;qm
aumif;ukd? cg;awmif;usKdufvsuf? vkdufykdifykdif? rrDEkdifau? awmiftifwkdif;?
awmarSmfkHav? jrLrIdif;rIdif;wGif? av;ukdif;ukdaxmuf? opf&dyfkdav? yifysKd
atmufrmS ? wpfa,mufwnf;om? nnf;Lumjzpf? rIid u
f maeusi?f xkad Mumif;
a&;ukd? a0ujrifaomf? orif-,u? bDvl;ru? &mr-rif;om;? vkdufvmysm?
rIid u
f m em;au? armovm;av? r,m;arsmuf r? olu
Y o
dk mav? ay;yg&atmif?
ighupdk u
dk pf u
dk ?f awmNrKd icf iG rf mS ? eifirku
d v
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d yf gawmhvm;? ajcvufacsmyf sm?
rawmfjim;u? r,m;wkdYonf? eifu-vQifav? orifighukd? &vdrfhrnfav?
wu,f{uef? &mr-rif;[k? vlwif;cHau? pdwfrmefarmufarmuf? ighukdawmif
yif? rrSdefusifau? ighzaemihfu? avmuf ysmvm;? &mrqkdau? tkdrif;om;
av? ig;yg;tmkH? umr*kPfukd? eifrkefEIdufcspf? r,m;ukdav? tvkdvkdufvkdY?
rdu
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dk rf rJ ?J *Ekid Ef iS ?fh NrKd iaf tmufrmS ? wpfa,mufwnf;vQi?f igvnf;wyf
&yf? eifhukdcHysm? jyefumcwfu? oufjywfZDa0? r&PHav? cEmqkH;au? wkH;&
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wnHnEH iS ?fh iko
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aeYrusefvQif? rcH&atmif? ighukdowfjzwf? ,ckyifav? pD&ifowf[k? vSewf
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cHau? rSefjymom'frSm? ckepfxyfuGefcsm? &HNyD;cgrS? om,macsmarm? trsm;
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ocifav? MuifrdwfuRrf;ukd? vGrf;tm;ykd? arysKdoDwm? ikdjcif;&mu?
Murma&S;uH? arhoepfukd? wGufppfjyefaomf? jzpf[efrvS? urmajru? arukd
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zcifrif;vS? ZeuvQif? ,k,jrwfav? arhukdyifav? okwfoifarG;vkdY? vla&;
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awma[rm wGif? igvQifrkdufr? a&Torifukd? vkdcsifvS? aMumif;pb,fhES,f?
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vsifcPvQif? vm&jyefvnf;? okH;wefpnf;wm;? r&D;ausmfukd? &Humwm; [k?
avQmufjim;umv? avmif;&mru? nDvSvkvif? ighrSmvQifav? orifr [kwf?
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Asm,rajyEkdifawmhbl;av/
160/
Asm,ra,rajy? usrsuf&nfukd? ajzqnfr&? oDwmjzLav?
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rdef;r&wem? Ir0au? vSoDwmaMumihf? igvQifwpfrl? uRwfuRwf qlatmif?
avmifyla<uuRrf;? tonf;pkdifrSm? rD;wkdifxGef;okdY? jreef;&dyfckd? vS,Ofkdau?
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&SmygMurnf? nDtpfukdav? xkdrif;om;wkdY? oGm;avonfav/
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pdwfnpfAsmykd? ikdawmhonfav/
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[mEkrmefac:? olESifhomvQif? ygcJh&au? ck0,ftcg? olYcrsmvQif? rsm;pGm
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avmif;awmfjrwfukd? ywfum&H? vkdufjyef&rnf? okBudwfrif;u? tjyif;ap
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ajrmuf? AEm;us,?f rsuaf wmif&n
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a&mufMucg0,f? ESpfjzmnDaemif? rif;om;armifwkdY? atmifr*FvH? aZ,swk[k?
csD;usL;jyef? [mEkrefac:? ausmay:xufrSm? wufNyD;cgrS? b,fnm0ef;&H?
arsmuftrsm;ESihf? oGm;avjyefau? ,ufoHrpJ? woJoJESihf? a&at;oDwm?
jrufurf;em;uk?d a&mufaomcgvQi?f r[mkau? &Gu
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odyg&atmif? vuPmly? kyfykHawmfukd? ajymumjy[k? xdyfpvufwif?
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ighocifrSm? MuifZeD;u? rBuD;ri,f? ZrL&pfau? OD;opfa&TokdY? r&Snfrwkd?
rkdrjzL? ,Ofeef; olvQif? rqlrBuHK? lygkHESifh? kyfykHuuGJ? um,ukd,frSm?
Mumkdyef;a&mif? &eHY arT;vsuf? *Grf;cJyrm? tom;awmfu? 0g0g0if;0if;?
usrkd;arSmifrSm? va&mifcsOf; okdY? ausmESihfyg;jyif? ezl;wGifvnf;? xGuf0ifr&Sd?
vuPmESihf? nDnmGwfau? ewfZmwdokdY? oD&dtoa&? tjrKawrSm?
taetxkdif? t,Oftaus;? uGrf;rpm; bJ? EIwfcrf;zsm;rSm? [oFmaq;okdY?
ykvJ&wem? oGm;vSpGmESihf? rsufESmyy? ykPrDav? 'drDaphau? jynfhonfhvokdY?
pdrf;jrauom? ckepfaxGrSm? oG,fumjrjr? ajzcsaomcg? zsm;wpfxGmrSm?
armfuGvkdY? oQw&0if? Sif;yGihfqif? tjrifEk xGwf? paewGifau?
a&T&ifbwfrSm? om;jrwfaus? yef;zl;ikHav? ykHwrQokdY? rdef;r"avh? ajEav?
vGefodrfarGUau? EGJYonfcg;rSm? udE&mau? raemfwrQ? ajcmufjypfpifau?
tif i g;0ES i h f ? l y uvsm? vS o D w mrS m ? nD n mxl ; qef ; ? vS r sKd ; pk H w G i f ?
,OfykHyef;au? wkdufcef;av;awmif? yef;MumanmifrSm? wefaqmifr ,Gif;?
rD;rajrmifbJ? ukd,fa&mifvif;? ajymif;0if;jrjr? vSwpfarrSm? vES,fy vkdY?
awGU&vdrfhrnf? xkdcg0,f? ESaroDwm? [mEkrefrSm? rSefrcRwfau? rSwfav
ygav? tomt,m? oDwmysKv
d Qi?f vku
d v
f u
dk vnf;? aqmifcighuRe?f rvdu
k jf yef
bJ? jiif;qefwkHjim;? igrif;ausmfvQif? rSmpum;ukd? ajymxm;cJhyg? r,kHaomfrl?
&wemausmufjrwf? e0&wfau? vufpGyfjynfwef? a0blysHukd? iguRefrae?
ESrawmfav? oDwmvSukd? xkwfjyav[k? axGaxGrsm;vS? aMumif;udpukd? &mr
rif;rGef? aroDwmav? Muif&mcspfukd? rSmvkdufjyefa&/
169/
rSmvkdufjyefau? rusefpum;? jcif;rsKd;pkHukd? tukefMum;au?
rS w f o m; om? oG m ;rnf c gwG i f ? arsmuf a usmf E k r ef ? rsm;Ak d v f y gav?

tazmfom;ukd? rSmxm; [efu? ckefysHayghyg;? odCKjynfukd? ig0,foGm;vkdY?
jyefjim;wkHajrmuf? bufurf; ukd? vSrf;a&mufrS? ,laumuftpm?
igpm;ygrnf? opm"d|mef? jyKavjyefau? <uif;usefonfarsmuf? [mEkrefav?
jyefra&mufcif? ajrmufokH;acsmif;ajc? wpfacsmif;0,fukd? ajrrSmaxmufum?
jrpf u rf ; ay:u? igwk d Y r sm;vQif ? apmih f j im; arQmf r nf ? qk d w k H a vau?
BuD;us,ftm;cGef? *kPfaygif;pkau? [mEkrefvQif? NrD;wHe*g;? ykH-tvm;okdY?
om;arG;awmfapmif? wpfukd,fvkH;rSm? vTrf;zkH;a,mifokdY? Nydef;ajymiftarG;?
eDawG;awG;au? jcaoFht[ef? ausmvnfwHrSm? rSifqH<u<u? rsufvkH;rSmav?
tmumo? vES i h f u ae? jrES i f h p d e f a &mif ? k d & G D S L ;S L ;? [mEk r ef r S m ?
tHpG,foGm;vQif? iSufaysmzl;okdY? xl;0daoo? iSuf[oFmav? MumtkdifwGif;ukd?
qif;umusa,mif? cPrae? ckefwkHavau? a&ewforD;? IrNiD;au? pHoD;a'
0g? arcvmu? avmif;awmf&mr? rIudpaMumihf? apxwref? ppfAkdvfrSL;au?
[mEkref[k? odjyefwkHajrmuf? aAm"dvsmav? olawmfaumif;ukd? taMumif;
axmufvkdY? ra&mufvwfrnf? rdewfEG,frSm? pkd;onfwGufwm? jrpfv,fcsmrSm?
&wema&mifoGif? oJjyifuRef;ukd? zefqif;jyaomf? jrifavaomcg? xkdarsmuf
ausmu
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rnf[k? xm;onf{uef? rm,mOmPfESihf? BuHumjyK[k? [mEkrefrSm? NrdefwHESihf
om? ork'jf rpfrmS ykwf u
dk yf gaomf? NyKd umxGm;nuf? xku
d Re;f pG,rf mS ? a&aemuf
usdESihf? wpfpdwfysufu? vSnufjzLysm? arcvmrSm? &,fumNyHK;NyHK;? cPwmukd?
em;ygOD;av;? bDvl;,kwfrm? jyKvkyfygu? rSefpGmr[kwf? a'0wDwH? arwpfzef
av? {uefvkyfau? ork'fjrpfwGif? arsmufvkvifau? ryifyef;atmif?
aomifuRef;jyif[k? ukd,fxifvnf;jy? xkdtcgav? qkdumv? &mrapuRef?
[mEkrefrSm? "d|mefopm? &SdwkHygvnf;? pdwfemrnfwGuf? vufwpfzufvsif?
axmufvsurf ae? ckeo
f mG ;avau? a&rSmusupf m;? jrpfyifv,frmS ? a&e*g;ESi?fh
om;ig;rsm;pGm? ay:umjyKv?Ydk IMunhaf rQmv
f su?f tmumopk;d ? bkrp ;dk [k? ewfwYdk
apmifr? kdqkdif;wdrfeD? rIefrIdif;&DESihf? oD[Vukd? &mrarsmufonf? aekdkdESihf?
okH;y[kd&favmufrSm? a&mufava&av/
170/
a&muf w k H a vau? xk d o nf t cg? avmif ; bk & if a v?
tifaxmifavmuf au? arsmufrif;ausmu

f ? i,fpmG aMumifyk ?f zefqif;vkyv
f ?Ydk
rdk;csKyfrSvQif? bDvl;aeau? a&TbkHeef;ukd? vSrf;vkdY0ifaomf? rGrf;jzihfrvsm;?
uk d , f v k y f u Ref a u? td y f z ef o m;wk d Y ? vS H " m;uk d i f q G J ? usuf o a&wG i f ?
taqmifcGifukd? ckd0ifMunhfu? aysmfarGUp&m? ovGefomrSm? rD;0gxGef;vif;?
ausmuf E S i h f p d e f a v? xd e f x d e f 0 if ; au? rS e f u if ; toG i f ? puf & mcG i f r S m ?
rsuf&Sifywjrm;? oOmaqmifav? Mum anmif,yfrSm? wyfcgxm;vkdY?
jrom;zefaiG? ok0aPwkdY? t&nfpufpuf? rD;t a&mifESihf? nD;ajymifxGufvkdY?
xdefvufauawmufvQH? ausmufovGefrSm? a>c&H rsm;jym;? odCKpm;vQif?
aysmyf g;pHvsu?f vufwpfzufrmS ? vSnufyk 0f g? ewfrd wmav? unmwpfusyd ?f
olMY uif&mwk?Yd arGUavsmaf Mumif;uk?d acgif;tk;H tdyv
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unmaygif;wkdY? pufavsmif;aysmfau? oDwmvS acsm? xkdae&mrSm? rygjim;vkdY?
wjcm;rS m &S m ? awmif n meef ; uk d ? vS r f ; arQmf a omf ? tol & mwG i f N yD ; ?
ewfrif;Bu;D rSm? orD;jzpfjim;? rdzd &k m;acgif? jrMumanmifrmS ? awmifnmxm;au?
raE m 'ed ? rnf & S d w G i f j im;? vS j rKauav? toa&&S d a u? rd z k & m;rS m ?
yw j rm;vuf p G y f ? vuf o l < u,f r S m ? a>cum0wf v k d Y ? jrwf a omae&m?
wkdufcef;aqmifwGif? MumanmifxufrSm? tdyfpufaysmfaomf? 0g0g0if;0if;?
ausmufta&mifav? awmufajymifvif;? arsmufrif;jrifvQif? ukd,fa&mif
xifvkdY? qifjcifBuHpnf? MunhfwkHavau? kyf&nfcsif;rl? vSuvsmav? oDwm
acsmESi?fh a,mqGw
J v
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av? bk&ifjim;ESihf? xm;&if;opm? yuwdau? &SdMuygvsuf? ,kwfrmqkd;npf?
bDv;l rku
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f Qi?f axmufarQmcf siv
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Yd yd w
f ifav? ocifrau? vSow
D monf? [kwyf grnfvQi?f igrxif
[k? awmifcGif'a0? ajrmuf'a0ESihf? aqmifi,faqmifBuD;? oD;oD;rsm;pGm?
wpf & mwk d u f a ygif ; ? eef ; &a0rS m ? &S m ava&S m if ; u? taygif ; ysKd a wmf ?
arGUavsmfpdwfESihf? tdyfpufaysmfvkdY? rawmf0wfpm;? wcsKdU[lav? eef;olrsm;okdY?
um;&m;arSmufvSef? ausmufuefukef;uG? wcsKdUolav? vQm&nfusvkdY? wcsKdU
uaomf? qHauomav? ajyvayumzm;vsm;? cg;0wfpm;vnf;? vyfjim;Avm?
rawmf & may:umuG u f u G u f ? arsmuf v k v if a v? tjrif c uf v k d Y ?
pyf,Sufa'Gabmf? igwu,fav? umarokukd? jyKvkdufygaomf? eef;awmftxJ?
,uarwkdY? arsmufi,farG;vkdY? oGm;usJrsKd;EG,f? ckwpfzefav? rSefpifppfau?
jzpfaernfav/
171/
jzpfaernfav? rzG,fr&m? pdwfvQif ul;au? jrL;xl;umjzihf?
igvQif wu,f? MumMumaeaomf? awmfrnfrxif? rk'drf;rIonf? jyKrdacsaomf?
&GHUzG,fjrif [k? aqmifcGifvnf;aph? &mrMuif&m? vSoDwmukd? &SmrawGU?nOfh
tkPfenf;? rkd;aomuf,HwGif? AdrmefxufrSm? pufaysmfarS;u? ay;tdyfrufjy?
okydErSm? aomfuO,smof? &eHYvIdifau? yef;ckdifysHUarT;? raemfrmvm? arpH
aysmfau? eef;awmfxJ[k? tdyfay;rufjy? owd&aomf? xvsifjref? oGm;av
jyefau? a>c&H0ef;ywf? oHuGefcsmav? umvkdY&pfau? ckepfxyfESihf? qif;ewf
a&TvTm? aroDwmukd? jrifawmfrlu? arsmufrif;ausmfrSm? tomacsmif;au?
wapmif;uvQif? ykef;x0SufuG,f? IMunhfaeaomf? xkdonftcg? aroDwmukd?
ajzazsmfem;cs? bDvl;[lau? okpdwrSm? &SifrarSmufawmf? ajcmufjypf pifau?
tifig;0ESihf? vSoDwmav? armifawmfbk&m;? odCKpm;u? r,m;om;aygif;?
onf;nnf;cHau? tvGefaumif;vkdY? EGJYaESmif;uvsm? BudKufygaomfu?
r[ma'0D? ra[oD[k? bGJUcsDowfrSwf? taphtajymif? &Spfaomif;aqmifwGif?
tacgifwyfvkdY? txGwfvnf;wif? acgif;q,fpau? &Sifrvifu? bk&if"dywd?
wkr&Sdau? oD&da,mufsm;? zyDwmav? jA[mBuD;au? &ifaoG;om;av? &xm;
pMum? xuftmumukd? ysHumwufEkdif? av,mOfysHukd? tykdif pkd;&? wefckd;yvkdY?
jrcJ pdecf ?J &wemrsm;ajrmif? wajymifajymifau? aMumifrsu&f EJG iS ?fh ykvyJ wjrm;?
ewftvm;okdY? 0wfpm;rukef? eef;a&TbkHrSm? pkykHxm;ajrmuf? wxdefxdefav?
pdeEf iS afh usmufu?dk Z,fawmufwrf;yif? upm;csiv
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okdY? cHpm;&rnf? cgwpfyg;vQif? ysif;jim;ayvnf;? ewfjynfokdYom? vnfcsifyg
vnf;? armifawmfbk&m;? av,mOfysHav? psmef&xm;ESihf? ysHoGm;&rnf? okdYjzpf
ay? jrifh&SnfrMum? wkdYocifav? &Sifrif;jrwf[k? ewf&mZmukd? BudKufyg&Sifr?
i,fuMuifonf? vifraumif;au? avmif;&mrESi?fh aygif;&uwnf;? 'kuc yH sm?
a[0efxJrSm? qif;&JcHvnf;? bkHAdrmefrSm? pHrnfwxl;? eef;O*ifukd? rjrifzl;bJ?
aus;Zl;ewd? &ykdifvifukd? MuifonfvkdYvnf;? &SdygusKd;r? qkd;bdkyfoGif? wkdY&Sifr
rSm? i,fuvifukd? orifcwfawG? awmarSmfkHav? &*kH&yfrSm? oufjywfao[k?
jynfolrsm; ajyma[moukd? trSefMum;vkdY? i,fom;i,fvif? aoygusif
vnf;? arvQifwpfrl? wpfyifvJu? wpfyifxlau? Muifoli,faygif;? wu,f

aumif;vnf;? ta[mif;ukdypf? i,fuvifukd? Muif rcspfbJ? vifopfwnf
axmifrlygOD;av/
172/
topfra,wnfaxmif? arukad vSmif? oG,af qmif pum;?
wajzmif ajzmifau? jzm;a,mif;ajymu? em;yg;vnf;qm? vSow
D mrSm? jyefum
rajym? uk,
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hf ,
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<uufau? wpfrsufESmrSm? ukd;&mr&Sd? cJcJrGefvkdY? owdukdqnf? pdwfukdajzysm?
raeyg&? BudKufygcspfyg? tcgcgvQif? ajymvmMuvkdY? Asm&BuD;armuf? rD;rao
cif? qDvQif avSmufvkdY? raysmufqufvuf? aeYESihf&ufukd? rsufcGufrsuf&nf?
ruif;ay? aovQifujrwf? vlYjynfrSm? aevQifuwfrnf? owfcyfESdyfeif;?
r&Prnfau? &Siaf orif;wk?Yd tjyif;vmrl? oDwmjzLuk?d aqmif,Ml uyg? bDv;l
[lau? &efolab;ESihf? a0;uGm&atmif? ZD0touf? ,ckyifav? arvQifxGuf
[k? pdwpf ufvnf;yl? ,Ofeef;olrmS ? wlvrG ;f vsu?f wMuLMuLau? csK;d jzLiSuo
f ?Ykd
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d m?
aroDwmau? ,aomftavmif;? vGrf;pdwfvnf;ykd? eef;&dyfckdau? kdEGJUaESmif;
rSm? za,mif;aexd? aysmif;umtdokdY? EGrf;&dId;okef? &wemukd? oGef;vmkyfokdY?
a&TkyfykHav? ydefBuHKavsmfyg;? pdk;&drfyGm;vsuf? pm;aomufrNrdef? pufaysmftdyf
vnf;? pdwfrNidrfau? aeraumif;? jrpfyifv,frSm? a&caemif;okdY? uajymif;
ujyef? jrovGefrSm? oufESHESr? pdwf'kuESihf? vifvSrif;ausmf? tb,fcgvQif?
a&mufygpEkd;? vSoDwmrSm? arQmfvifhckd;vkdY? wpfrkd;aomufvQif? wpfae0ifrSm?
vifukdvGrf;axG? nmESihfb,frSm? rsuf&nfusvkdY? ikdawaeau? xkdonftcg?
[mEkrefav? apuReaf umif;vQi?f acsmif;Munhyf gaomf? aMumif;&mZmwd? rsm;pkH
vifu?dk ukepf ifou
d ? aMumif\kyq
f if? zsuu
f mazsmufau? arsmuftoGijf zih?f
rjrifbufEIef;? yrmaqmifau? awmifwpfvkH;okdY? jzKef;ceJom? 0ifvmaomf?
rsm;pGm,u? oDwmxHrSm? 0ef;&HjyKau? bDvl;rwkdY? jrifuvefYaMumuf? ESvkH;
ajcmufrQ? awmifajrmuf,drf;um? oJoJqlysm? vJolvJvkdY? ajy;Muygau? xkdcg
trSef? [mEkrefrSm? usKd;EGHc,? aroDwmav? armifawmfvSukd? OD;csNyD;axG?
tapcHav? wrefarsmufrSm? avQmufvwfawav/
173/
avQmufvwfawau? kyf&nft*Fg? vuPmESihf? avmif;
awmf&mr? MuifoufrQau? ESroDwm? ajcmufjypfuif;au? qif;oufvsmav?

jcif;&mrsm;vS? aMumif;udprSm? avmif;vSocif? &Sifrvif[k? bk&if&mr?
vuPwkdY? &SifroDwm? &Sdr&Sdukd? odvkdyg[k? apawmfrlajrmuf? [mEkrefav?
tuRefarsmufvQif? wpfa,mufwnf;om? Xmeukd? a&muf&yga&? Muif&m
oufrQ? vifrif;ausmfESihf? rwfawmfvSwkdY? 'Dyatmifajr? oajyawmifuRef;?
jynfoC
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ay? aroDwmvS? uRefESihfomvQif? vkdufygawmh[k? xdyfpvufwif?
avQmufavusiaf omf? arhvifapuRe?f ighuo
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av? NrKd i,
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v? onfjynfu? acgif;q,fcGvQif? wmya,mif? toGifaqmif?
&atmifwpfcg? ighukdckd;au? okdYjcif;&maMumihf? armifawmfapuRef? oifqkdjyef
vnf;? trSefigrkef;? a&S;uBuHK? r,kHEkdifyg? qkdaomcgvQif? oDwmxdyfwif?
r,kHusifaomf? &Sifrvifjrwf? uRefYukdomvQif? ay;umtyfau? vufpGyfa&mif
vQH? zkd;jynfwefukd? xdyfyef &Sifr? ,ckcgav? Iygawmh[k? jyawmfrlvQif? ar
ujrifaomf? vifukdvGrf;qGwf? zkd;o*av? vufpGyfukd? 0wfqifau? arh
xdyw
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Iysm? rzl;&[k? wovQif? ikdNyD;usifrS? arviftxH? tokH;cHau? wref
wpfa,muf? tokH;cHav? apuRef arsmufav? razmufopm? arhukdomvQif?
arwmuJvGef? vifrif;ppfu? cspfkd; rSefvQif? EkdifiH&|? bDvl;aeau? jynfXme
ukd? vifvSrif;ausmf? ppft*FgESihf? csDumwkHa&Smif;? tpdrf;rsKd;au? odCKrSL;[k?
bDvl;acgif;ukd? xufaumif;uifu? xef;oD;usokdY? txpEm? av;pMumESihf?
cEq;Hk jzwf? bDv;l rku
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aqmifygcvkduf? rdoDwmvQif? rSmwkH vkduf[k? oepfaMumif;tif? eifhocifukd?
avQmufwifwkHav? bDvl;vQif? qkH;raoaomf? a&TjynfEkdifiH? arrjyef[k?
kyf[efly? rqlrBuHK? OPulav? ykHwrQokdY? vSoDwmar? avmif;ocifav?
vifrif;ppfukd? rSmvkdufawav/
174/
rSmwkHjyefau? wrefa,mufsm;? arsmufrif;om;vQif? pum;
Ok?H tvk;H pku
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um? ae&yg[k? uGecf smckepfxyf? aMu;ESio
fh aH v? &Honfwyfu?dk <uwf<uwfzsuf
csKd;? 0g;a&mif;qkd;ol? ykdif;csKd;ysufum? zsufNyD;cgrS? r[mEG,frsKd;? uRefYocifav?

MuifrdwfuRrf;au? yef;uwkd;rSm? wId;ydefydef? qHjrLusKd;rQ? rpkd;&drfESihf? rNrdef
pm;aomuf? tvkv
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igrxDau? XmeDwkdif;r? jynfodCKukd? NzdKNyD;rSvQif? &Sifrukdonf? armifawmf
ESio
fh m? aemifvQiv
f mysm? aqmifvmrnf[?k qkad yNy;D rS? ighowu
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umukid cf sK;d ? xif;vIid ;f yrm? rqkid yf gbJ? ykid ;f umusK;d rQ? zk;d z&m? av;rsuEf mS uk?d
BuJumvnf;ypf? tikwfxufrSm? csDwufppfwkdY? tjrpfESihfvQif? yef;yifBuD;ukd?
EkwfNyD;usifrS? NrdKUcGiftv,f? ypfvkdufayaomf? &a0odCF? acgif;q,fvkH;aysmf?
eef;a&SUrSmvQif? xkd;umusvkdY? vSoDwmrd? arhtxHwGif? 0ef;&H&Sdau? *krd*krD?
bGcYJ srD nf&? pG,jf yL;jyL;ESi?fh bDv;l rwk?Yd yke;f x0Suu
f ,
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awu? vGefavncg? igjrifcsufau? tdyfrufrSmvQif? ,umwGifNyD;? wkdYrif;ysKd
av? odCK rLS ;au? bDv;l Bu;D vQi?f yef;pde;f yefx,
G ?f ocsK i;f 0uk?d oGm;&onf[?k
jrifaywkHajrmuf? &mrapuRef? [mEkref[k? wkdYxHa&mufau? vefYaMumufp&m?
igwkdYomvQif? cEmqkH;rnf? ykef;Muyg[k? 0SufcguG,fcg? aeaomcgvQif? azG&Sm
wkHajrmuf? tavmif;awmfav? &mrarsmufu? ESpfa,mufwlNydKif? tkef;oD;ckdif
ukd? ukdifumxkcGJ? aoG;&J&JESihf? uGJcgOD;acgif;? wcsKdUwkdYrSm? 0SufwkHygvnf;? pGm'kH;
aygif;ESihf? csaigif;wkdYausmuf? [mEkrefav? apuRefarsmufvQif? arTaESmuf
zsufqD;? wcsKdUwkdYrSm? 0Sufae&mu? xGufumNyD;vkdY? rif;BuD;'o? bDvl;bk&if?
olwkdY&Sifukd? avQmufwifMuvkdY? {&arsmufBuD;? O,smOfawmfukd? zsufumqD;vkdY?
ysufpD;kwHkawG? uREkfyfrwkdY? ao&rnf[k? avQmufavumv? acgif;q,fcGrSm?
Epdw? tdrfa&SUaysmfav? om;awmfvSukd? vsifpGrae? tjyif;apaomf? Akdvf
ajc&Jruf? 0ef;&HNyD;cg? O,smOfawmfukd? csDumxGufaw/
175/
csu
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rSm? opfikwfxuf? wufNyD;cgrS? xkdifumaeusif? bDvl;rif;rSm? om;&if;jrif
aomf? t&ifpifppf? t0k"puf? xdefNydK;jyufau? vufeufypfu? arsmufppfxH
yg;? uswjHk im;vnf;? t,m;awmifyif? rajyusiaf u? wpfyiftarG; rvJacsb?J
aornfa0;vkdY? aeNrJwkdif;om? aeaomtcg? Akdvfyg,u? aMumufBudef;us
vnf;? rsm;vSom? 0ef;&HNyD;au? zrf;qD;ygaomf? eef;awmftxJ? ighpGrf;&Jukd?
tuJ*P
k jf y? bDv;l ysuw
f ?Ydk t&Su&f atmif? igurae? jyKawmhrnf[?k rSw&f nf
NyD;cg? xkdae&mrSm? rsm;pGmaMumuf[ef? jyKavjyefaomf? 0ef;&Hzrf;vsuf? NrD;wkH;

&if;zsm;? bDvl;rsm;wkdY? ig;usdyf&GufvkdY? eef;xuf0,f? qufMuavaomf? a>c
umywfjyK? olYNrD;wkH;ukd? wkH;okdYjyKvsuf? ckxkdcg? xkdifwkHygaomf? ,um'?
acgif;q,fcx
G uf? &mrarsmufvQi?f xked ef;aqmifwiG ?f wpfawmifavmufyif?
jrifharmufusifvkdY? bk&if'? rsufrmef&Svsuf? eihfbeifhbkd;? eifhtrsKd;ESihf?
EG,fkd;0Ho? eifvQifaeau? b,fXmevnf;? aeYna&rkd;? rvkduf&atmif?
pdu
k cf sysK;d vk?Yd rI;d ap&? aomfuckid Ef iS ?fh O,smOfvu
S ?dk eifunufpmG ? ysuu
f mpD;
atmif? zsufqD;umjzihf? vGefpGmrkdufvS? oufr&Sifau? eifhzifuvQif? eifht
oufukd? xGufapcsifvkdY? zsufusifovm;? odCKpm;vQif? rdefYjim;avusif?
arsmufvkvifrSm? *kPftifrId;? rdESihfzau? igwkdYrsKd;u? wefcdk;awZm? NzdK;a0
jzmvkdY? r[my&0? av[Zau? rdvSrmwm? ighrSmwpfzef? *kPfaygif;pkau?
[mEkref[k? EIdif;pH bufuif;? ighowif;ukd? oifrif; bDvl;? txufausmfav?
xkdumvu? rMum;bl;vm;? EIdif;wkrjrif? igh-t&Sifu? *kPftifowif;? |pEm
ukd? ykdifum&au? &mr-rif;rSm? oufESif;uRrf;0if? oDwm&Sifukd? eifbDvl;rif;?
arSmf NHk rKd iaf v? *Ekid f ;dk u? ck;d ,ljcif;aMumih?f tvif;odcsi?f ighuydk ifav? toif
oG m ;acs? ocif & if ; au? &S i f r if ; apvk d Y ? ig0,f a &muf b d ? pG r f ; ow d u k d ?
odygavap? aomfuckdifESihf? O,smOfqkd;ukd? csKd;zsufaw[k? qkdonfcsufcsif;?
bDvl;rif;rSm? xefjyif;trsuf? a'gormefav? tvGefBuD;au? ,rf;rD;pufokdY?
oufqkH;pD&if? igha&SUwGif? rsufjrifxif&Sm;? &mruRef[k? cHwkHajrmufau?
arsmufrkduftm;ukd? tom;ukdzsuf? axmifrSL;w&0g? oifwkdYrSmav? uifum
csuv
f ?Ydk t&uftek ;f &nf? arsmufom;ajcmufEiS ?fh aomufMuacsav? <uif;aywkH
a&Smif;? ajcav;acsmif;ESihf? OD;acgif;ukdzkwf? vufokyf okyf? ikwfqDaMumf?
MuufoeG af rT;uk?d xnfNh y;D cgrS? igvQipf m;rnf? xkad emuf0,f? <uif;aywpfv?D
olYta&ukd? aA[DpnfBuD;? ef;rSmvQif? 0ef;,mMuufysm? csufcsif;wD;av/
176/
csufcsif;wD;av? rif;BuD;tmPm? csaomcgvQif? 0ef;&Hukdif
Mu? arsmuf rif;ukad v? xkd ,uw?Ydk "m;raygufqed ?f olY &if0uk?d aygufMucsed f
vnf;? yJhvdrf usKd;axG? aygufqdef"m;wkdY? toGm;a<uau? tHhzG,f&um;? tcsKdU
rsm;rSm? a'gormef&pf? vTEiS w
fh ifysm? iifumwku
d v
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&GUJ vk?Yd yJw
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tvGefxufau? oefvsuf "m;ESihf? zsufjim;wkHNyD;? vufESihfukdifau? ukd,fwkdif

vS;D vnf;? tarG;wpfyif? ruRwu
f siaf u? &Sio
f Md um;xH? [mEkrefrmS ? qkreG o
f ;Hk
csuf? &onfhwGufaMumihf? vufeuf"m;vSH? xdrrSefau? rD;vQHrcspf? a&repfbJ?
{uefrck s? yuwdvQi?f &Sad vurl? ,utrsm;? rBuEH idk af u? vufridI cf sysm?tHMh o
jim;u? arsmufrsm;wHcGef? [mEkrefrSm? tvGefrkdufjim;? ighukdyifvQif? eifwkdYjyK
vnf;? rIrxm;wnf;? t,m;awmifonf? igrajy[k? qkad vaomcg? bDv;l Bu;D
rSm? rdefYonfrSmu? i&mrwGif? eifhocif0,f? eifuJhokdYom? arsmufrsm; pGmwGif?
t&mck0,f? "m;vSrH xd? pGr;f owEd iS ?fh &So
d ad &vm;? ar;avaomcg? Ekrefqadk u?
xk d o nf arsmuf r S m ? avQmuf j cif ; &mu? igvQif w u,f ? &S i f x H 0 ,f ?
xif;acGa&cyf? xm;avwkHjyef? tapcHvQif? rSefrcRwfau? owdAv? pGrf;y
um;ESi?fh q,fqaxmif&m? ighxufomau? rsm;pGm arsmufaygif;? igh&iS x
f 0H ,f?
&Sdjyefa&Smif;au? wpfaomif;ajcmufaxmif? rsm;ajrmifwkHbd? ig;&mausmfav?
pGrf;ay:arsmufau? wpfa,muf&Sd[k? "dywdarsmufrGef? ajcmufavjyefaomf?
tvGefaMumufvS? bDvl;BuD;rSm? MuufoD;xvkdY? &mrarsmufrGef? ajymvwf[ef
u? wrefwiG af jrmuf? ighwpfa,mufu?dk aoavmufatmifyif? jyKwu
Hk siv
f nf;?
ryifryef;? MumESihfa&oGif? ighrSmvQifav? om&Tifvef;vkdY? ZmrSef;wpd? ,rf;r
odvkdY? ZD0dwdajE? aovkdaprl? wpfxnfykqkd;? t0wfwkdYu? qGwfvkdYpGwfaxG?
axmywf&nfEiS ?fh qDpnfrmS ESp?f ihgukv
d Qiaf v? uk,
d w
f iG &f pfv?Ydk rD;wku
d af omcg?
ighcEmonf? jymvQifjzpfrnf? aMumif;jcif;tifukd? eif'd|dwkdY? rodacs[k? qkdav
onfwGif? bDvl;,kwfwkdY? t[kwfxif? qDwGifqGwfESpf? ykqkd;ukdyif? arsmuf
ukd,fwGifav? &pfusifNyD;au? rD;vQifwkdufu? pkdufpkdufajy;vsuf? uRrf;um
avmifatmif? eef;acgifxufukd? ckefwufNyD;cg? rD;wkdufygaomf? 0ef;&HvkdufMu?
bDvl;rsm;wkdY? a[maMumfMuau? xkduppfppf? pkdif'&pfjzihf? wkdufumwkdufum?
ckefavygau? rsm;pGm&dyfNidrf? NrdKUXmae? wkduftdrfAdrmef? ckrusefatmif?
EkrefAkdvfrSL;? wpftdrfuRrf;wkH? wpfeef;bkHukd? vSrf;ckeful;u? bDvl;xkdxkd? a<u;
aMumfikdvkdY? odCKNrdKUBuD;? NydKvkeD;atmif? rD;wajymifajymif? tvkH;pkHav? tukef
jyKef;au? NrdKUvkH;avmifa&/
&mrrif;xHokdY [mEkref jyefvSrf;

ausmufwef;qnfcef;
177/
NrdKUvkH;avmufau? ajymifwnD;nD;? Ekrefqkdau? xkdfarsmuf
Bu;D rSm?qDEiS rfh ;D pm? ukeaf omcgvQi?f ud,
k rf mS rxd? arG;wpfyifu?dk rD;0ifoef;au?
pGr;f rNib
d ?J yuwdat;pGm? &Sad vygu? oDwmtxH? vsiw
f aqmau? oGm;av
jyef? usK;d EGw
H yk af jrmuf? &mrxHu?dk vku
d jf yefaMumif;ESi?fh cGiahf wmif;avQmufu?
arsmuf [mEkausm?f ,ckcgav? igvQijf zpfu? rvku
d o
f mau? ,lygavusi?f arh
xHcGifu? qHyifq,facsmif;? arESihfMuifau? vifrif;aumif;au? i,faygif;
ukdonf? ay;qufav[k? rSmayNyD;cg? arsmufr[mESihf? rwfawmf&if;au?
vifrif;ausmfwkdY? usef;rmapaMumif;? yef;oajyESihf? anmifa&avmif;au?
qkawmif;vkdufrnf? qkdwkHavau? xkdonfarsmufrGef? &SifrxHu? vsifjrefr
Mum? jrpf,rkefukd? ckefumvTm;vkdY? oGm;avygau? 'DygawmifuRef;? buf
urf;u? rsu&f rf; arQmq
f ? arsmufrsm;pGmau? avmif;&mrESi?fh vuPnDawmf?
aeaomcgvQif ? arsmuf a usmf E k r ef ? a&muf a vjyef a omf ? rusef p um;?
oDwmrSmwkH? jcif;rsKd;pkHukd? avQmufwkHjim;u? rif;zsm;&mZm? &Tif0rf;omau?
rsm;pGmopfo;D ? [mEkrefu?dk qkreG af y;au? auR;arG;Ny;D ? trdet
Yf mPm? rSwjf cif;
&mu? v[mjyifus,f? yifv,fukd? ausmufq,fwef;xm;? jyKvkyfjim;?
igum;rae? bDvl;rkdufukd? wkdufawmhrnf[k? qkdavwkHajrmuf? ukd;uka#ay:?
ajcmufoef;ausmaf u? rsm;pGmarsmufw?Ydk ausmufucdk sx
D rf;? xku
d aeysm? qnf
kd;wef;ukd? pGrf;tm;vnf;oef? [mEkrefrl? vsifjrefoGm;um? awmifylpmav?
aovmausmufukd? wpfacgufrSmrkef? csDumvnf;&Guf? yckH;xuf? wpfzuf
wpfv;Hk ? bufrEI;H atmif? ,lusK;H xrf;aqmif? aemufvu
dk jf im;au? arsmufrsm;
ajrmifwkdY? wpfa,mufESpfa,muf? xrf;csDajrmufau? okH;a,mufwpfawmif?
&GufcsDaqmifvkdY? av;aumif 0kdif;0ef;? wcsKdUxrf;? ausmufwef;BuD;us,f?
ewfa'0gwkdY? ulumrau? NyD;Muavaomf? xkdonftcg? jrpfoDwmrSm? r[m
arsmufu?dk ESpaf ,mufuidk u
f m? ,lavygau? jyifrmS vnf;a&muf? bDv;l qkad u?
xkdESpfa,mufukd? arsmufiatmifuGwf? vufuwD;rSm? tNyD;Syf? rwfwwf
&yfum? ckefavygaomf? wpf*g0kwfrQ? jrifhNyD;cgrS? tmumou? atmufu
ausmufzsm? &S&d mvQi?f csvu

kd yf gau? ,umbDv;l ? xGux
f u
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xkdpum;ukd? Mum;aomcg? rsm;pgmrsufrmef? wkd;yGm;jyef? rusefoD;oD;?
rSL;rwfAkdvfyg? &Sdav&mukd? ac:wkHNyD;rS? bdbdoe? olYnDvSukd? 'rif;ausmf?
ar;onfrmS u? rsm;pGm ppfonf? &mr-wpfa,muf? awmom;arsmufEiS ?fh a&muf
Muonfu?dk tvG,w
f ul? atmifawmfral tmif? b,fyBHk upH nf? a&mufwjHk yefau?
&efppfukd? wkduf&rnfukd? ar;avaomcg? nDwpfa,mufrSm? avQmufjcif;
&mu? jA[marG;z? aemifrif;ausmfukd? qkawmfay;u? a&S;OD;pu? t|pEm?
pMumwpfql? arsmufESihfvlukd? onf;tla&Smifav? arG;onfzu? rSmcayau?
ck0,ftcg? a&mufonfrSmvnf;? rsm;pGmaomarsmuf? bkef;awmuf&mr? t|
pEm? rSefpifppfau? jzpfjcif;&maMumihf? oDwmwGifjim;? olYr,m;ukd? aemifzGm;
&mZm? rmefruJESihf? ay;qufyg rS? jynf&Gmat;csrf;? aqGcifyGef;au? rdwfuRrf;
jzpfrnf? tjzmjzmukd? arQmfum axmufau? avQmufwkHava&/
180/
avQmufwaHk vau? xko
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au? axG&mwpd? ynmuef;rSm? rSef;rodbJ? ukrdukarm? vGefxif&Sm;au? igh
om;ESpaf ,muf? emrfcEmav? rSepf mG a*smufv?Ydk arsmufatmifuw
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&mrbufukd? eif0ifvkd? ighukdvSnhfajrmuf? eifwrlav? &efolrsm;ukd? tm;
ay;avSmufvkdY? avmufawmifyif? igh&mrau? eifhzcifukd? cspfcif NyD; axG?
ol\uRev
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wkaH jrmuf? acgif;qHauuk?d ajcESiafh usmufau? a&SUaemuf0ef;ywf? txyfxyf
xd? rSL;rwftv,f? oliY ,fnrD mS ? rsu&f nfvnf;us? t&Su&f ? xavvsijf ref?
avmif;awmfvSau? &mrxHrSm? xdyfpGefvufrkd;? vGefkdusKd;? &Sdckd;0yfpif;?
olYaemifxHrSm? yefavQmufjcif;ukd? t&if;uyif? ajymNyD;usifrS? t&Sifrif;jrwf?
rSerf ,Gi;f au? uRe&f if;rSwyf g? uReaf wmfqufrnf? avQmufwHk avau? ,kMH unf
ojzih?f oihrf oifu

h ? axmufcsiphf Of;pm;? nDeef;pnfu?dk wkid yf if jim;u? oabm
vnf;wl? xkdcgrl? jynfolqDrD;? Ak'OmPfukd? yefumawmif;au? avmif;
aA"drSm? bdbdoe? jynfodCKu? xkd,uum;? ighukdEIwf>ruf? oifavQmuf
csufESihf? vufkH;ukdaxmif? ightusKd;ukd? o,fykd;aqmifvQif? aemufaemiftcg?
jynf&Gmukd? tyfygcrnf? opma&ukd? wkdufaywkHjim;? wH&if;awmfrSm? odrf;
umxm;rS? arsmufrsm;ocif? oDwmvifrmS ? qifjcifpOf;pm;?xkd arsmufrsm;wGi?f
a&G;jim;acgif;acguf? toD;oD;au? tBu;D aumuf? wpfa,mufwpfwyf?tyf
wkHay? wkdufavvTwfu? 0ef;ywfaomif;aomif;?jym;rkefY aqmif;rS? arsmuf
aygif;rsm;pGm? wkdufzsufygaomf? Empdu? Mo&oukd? ,u rif;BuD;? eef;a&T
bkHukd? ac:wkHNyD;rS? igpD;wkHjyef? &xm;ysHESifh? 0JysHoGm;vsuf?e*g; ywfau? ewf
vufeufESihf? wkdufzsufwkHav? arsmufwkdYaoaomf? ig0,fri? olr&[k? a0iS
rMunf? &Sad pESi?fh aemifnED pS 0f ? vuPESi?fh &mrukv
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au? vuP rif;ysKd? aemifbkef;rkdukd? udk,fukdzufysm? Idufvsuf ikdaomf?
xkdcg0ef;&H? okBudwfqkdau? ppfAkdvfrSL;au? [mEkrefwkdY? rBuHwwfaxG? rIdif
aeau? BuD;us,fynm? aq;q&m[k? wGifac:emr? rusef;rmaomf? csrf;om
jyKau? pukref[?k ajymjyefjcif;&m? wkrYd if;ausmu
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ok0PyAw? emrwGifac:? aq;wumwGif? a'0gokH;au? awmifvkH;ausmfukd?
ckefaomf wu,f? xkdXmeu? &Ekdifayaomf? bkef;<u,frif;vS? ,ckyifav?
&Sifumx[k? tmrigonf? cH0efa&av/
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cH0efa&au? tb,fov
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arsmuf rif;wHceG ?f *kPaf ygif;pkau? [mEkrefvQi?f cHonftmr? aq;uko
d mau?
odyg jim;atmif? ajymvkdYjy[k? wkyfuGkdao? ar;wkHavau? awmifajc*Ee?
yAw wGif? kd;vSoEm? t&Gufurl? jryrmokdY? &wemNiD;NiD;? toD;a&Ta&mif?
xk d o nf awmif r S m ? xd y f a cgif u om? a[mac:au? xl ; ygvd r f h r nf ?
vsifjrefpGmav? rMumapESihf? MumavwkHusif? rkd;vif;pifaomf? r&SifEkdifNyD?
ae0ifawmhrnf? ,ifvSpD[k? tvDvDrSm? [mEkrefrSm? ckefysHvTm;vkdY? oGm;avyg
au? *Erm'e? aovmawmifrSm? xdyfacgifxufukd? wufNyD;rSvQif? cPrae?
ac:wkHavau? awmifajcatmufyg;? wnHnHESihf? xl;oHMum;u? ckefvTm;qif
um? tjyif;vmau? azG&mS r&? xkad e&mu? ac:jyefuvnf;? awmifxyd u
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&Sirf nfr[kw?f Avoefau? cGet
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au? wpf[kefwnf;jzihf? vmNyD;a&mufcg? aq;q&mvQif? a&G;umEIwfNyD;? aq;
rif;r[m? awmifvkH;ausmfukd? aoG;umvdrf;u? rSdef;rkdufrl;a0? e*g;[dwfvQif?
tqdyfajy au? raecP? avmif;&mZmrSm? tomxvkdY? t|pEm? pkd;ykdifyg
vnf;? tmum xufwGif? aejcif;tifukd? igvQifrif;jrwf? olYukdyifav?

rjrifwwfvkdY? e*g;ywf pufacG? ypfav&[k? rdefY[avaomf? jynfodCKewf?
twKywfukd? MuwfMuwf pdpd? <uif;rusefatmif? tvGefod? bdbdoe?
avmif;bk&ifukd? OD;wifovkdY? ,u&mZm? rkd;wdrfwGif;? aejcif;&mukd?
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rdefYcGef;[\? cufvSwkHa&Smif;? taMumif;u? wpfaomif;ZrL? ajrtil0,f?
b,fol&Sdrnf? Id;i,fi,fESihf? qkdavaomcg? vuPrSm? >ruf[azmf?
aemifawmfId;yef;? r[maqGav? EG,fowkd;rSm? rpkd;&drfESihf? nDawmfoufrQ?
vuPvQif? &Sdygawmhonf? jrwf aemifawmfukd? q,fjzmajrmufysm?
avQmufawmhonfav/
183/
avQmufwkHavau? EG,foDuD,? rsKd;ordefau? ighnDvSav?
rQrsm; pGm? q,fEh pS Ef pS u
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arSmfkH awm? aysmfyg;Mu&m? r&D;ausmfukd? nDawmfrif;i,f? cgwpfaeYrQ?
rMunhaf vavm? ar;avaomcg? aroDwmuk?d nDawmfwpfx;l ? vSwpfrsuEf mS
ukd? armfum vSnhfau? rMunfhfzl;[k? &SdOD;yefxGm? avQmufavygau? auo&m
rsKd;? nDrif;i,f av? EG,fowkd;ukd? tm;ukd;avmufpGm? ,ckcg? vmygapav?
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pMumaerif;? awmifoajyrSm? a&mifjcnfcsifvkdY? rkd;vif;aomcg? odCKpm;rSm?
om;,umvQi?f t*Fgav;yg;? bD;vl;ppfonf? aomif;uka#au? Akv
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a0ay;awmhrnf? vmwkHavaomf? aroDwmvif? avmif;&mrukd? ,ujrif
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vTwfaomf? oufjywfZD0def? ajrurmrSm? cEmusvkdY? ,uaoau? Akdvfajc
trsm;? xkt
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"dym,fukd? ar;onf&Sdaomf? bdbdoe? aMumif;ukefpifukd? avQmufwif oa&?
rdb pOfvm? bDvl;rsKd;au? wkdYbmomrSm? jyK&mtxl;? aMumif;wpfcku? &efql;
&efajimihf? wkdif;jynfcGifrSm? 0ifumarSmihf? taESmihft,Suf? ppfruf t*Fg?
&efol pD;vkdY? BuD;aomcgvQif? ylaZmfkdGwf? ,Zfewfpmav? auR;ygav vwf?
ewfrif;&mZm? vmvkdYwkdufau? ppft*Fgvnf;? IH;yg&rnf? ,ck0,f? jyKzG,f
tusKd;? ,Zfewfpmukd? ylaZmfukd;? rD;ckd;ukdjrif? okH;&ufwGif;? atmifjrifvdrfh
rnf?okdYjzpfonfaMumihf? tb,folom? tcsufukd? zsufEkdifygrnf? ar;wkH
avau? Bu;D us,t
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184/
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au? pm;aomufraMu? wpfa,mufnD[k? *krD*E? bDvl;BuD;ukd? EId;NyD;rSvQif?
&mrukdonf? wkduf&rnf[k? apavaomcg? trwfBuD;wkdY? oGm;NyD;cgrS? rsm;pGm
pnfBuD;? em;teD;? cwfwD;wkHajrmuf? xkdonfaemufrS? tajrmufpdwfajymif;?
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umv? yE&[k? r0xac:yg? arsmufrsm;pGmwkdY? 0ifumxGufoGm;? wHcg;0rSm?
r&jim;u? "m;ESiv
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185/
uREkfyfawGUau? odMupkHaph? acgif;q,fvkH;rSm? bDvl;nDvQif?
*krD*E? xkdtcgav? cEmqkH;au? wkH;avuvQif? b&d,cspfaqG? umvd*E?
bDv;l rau? ,uarrSm? oaE&x
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cef;aqmifwkdufu? xGufvkdufvmau? tdrfay:wufu? vifocifukd? jrifcsif
l;au? vl;umusu? urZrnf? 0ga,mavvQi?f vIyaf yojzih?f tqifoihaf u?
t&ift
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raepifppf? z&efolukd? igrlwkdufrnf? rukd#fowkd;? acgif;q,fvkH;au?
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arsmufppfonfav? Akdvfajcrsm;ukd? xif&Sm;jrifau? av&Sifrkefwkdif;? cwfcsKd;
vIdif;okdY? &yfqkdif; jcif;iSm? rwwfomatmif? rsm;pGmvsifvsm;? arsmufrsm;

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tawmftwef? ysufpD;[efaMumihf? [mEkrefvQif? xGufumvkdufvkdY? wkdufav
usiaf u? zrf;iifr&? vGew
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rGraG Muysm? xk;H ES,jf zpfr?S ypfvu
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bGjYJ zLpufEiS ?fh txufuom? ypfcsygaomf? avmif;awmf&mr? a&Tu,
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uefumaxmufrS? bkef;awmuf&mr? a&TkyfoGifukd? jrifjyef&au? a'0aoXf
eif;? odMum;rif;ESihf? tqif;wpfrl? &mr-rif;onf? r,Gif;wl[k? EIwfysLomcsKd?
tbk;d tkrd mS ? qkad vNy;D rS? avmif;&mrrSm? tvSow
D m? ESrawmfu?dk aqmifum,l
ajrmuf? xkdtcgav? a&SUawmfa&mufaomf? tavsmufomMunf? rdefYvwfaw
u? jynfaoXfeif;? bDvl;[lav? &efolrif;ESihf? rSm;,Gif;pyf,Suf? arwpfrl
av? rpkrH ufvnf;? ajcvufEydS Ef ,
S ?f odCK pm;ESi?fh aysmyf g;,Supf yf? vGwrf vGwf
uk?d twyfocd si?f ar;avusiaf u? arhvifrif;jrwf? i,fuyifav? MuifoufrQ
au? avmuewf au? jypfviG cf yford ;f ? vSarysKrd mS ? ud,
k u
hf x
dk ed ;f au? r,dr;f bl;
yg? r,kHaomfrl? rSefpGm,ck? avmifrD;[kefav? ykHumjyKyg? aorIraMumuf?
aruomav? opmazmufau? rD;awmufavmifygap ownf;av/
187/
rSefpGmusau? 'o*D&fd? xef;oD;yrm? acgif;q,f>rmav?
a<uum&Sdu? bdbdoe? ol\nDvQif? avmif;ocifukd? avQmufwifoa&?uRef
uMunf?dk aemifbek ;f rku
d ?dk oN*K [o
f ihyf g? avQmufaomcgvQi?f avmif;awmf
jrwfav;? tcGifhay;u? jynfxJodCK? bDvl;aygif;ESihf? tavmif;ukdvQif? xkdcg
umv? ,Gif;r,kdatmif? oN*K[fMuu? &mr-rif;zsm;? arsmufAkdvfygukd? xkdcg
odr;f au? tNy;D xm;vk?Yd Bu;D rm;obif? cHwu
Hk siaf u? rsm;jzifaomaom? wcsKUd ol
av? trlw;l au? bDv;l rsm;wk?Yd awmMum;NrKd iaf jc? aMumufonfa&;ESi?fh ajy;Mu
av? ykef;uG,fNyD;vQif? aejcif;tifukd? ac:usif&rnf? &mr-rif;u?
tjyif;apau? acgif;q,fvkH;rsKd;? bDvl;wkdYu? owkd;&mr? avmif;&mZmukd?
aMumufygvS? tmvyawmif? awmNrdKifacsmifrSm? ykef;a&Smifaejim;? bDvl;
&mrrif;om;onf oDwmrdzk&m;ukd
aqmif,lay
odCKjynfu jyefavcef;
188/
awmuf v k d Y a uavmif a p? BuD ; t[k e f E S i h f ? rD ; yk H w G i f ; uk d ?
qif;jyrnf[?k qkad vNy;D cg? vSow
D mu? opm"d|mef? jyKavjyefau? tvQBH u;D pGm?
ay:avwkH au? rD;ykHwGif;ukd? qif;rnfcg? jcif;&mwpfxl;? odCKjynfu?
onfbDvl;ESihf? jrL;xl;{uef? raumif;&mukd? aygif;azmfrlvQif? jyKonfrSefvQif?
rDvQHajymif ajymif? r<uif;atmifvQif? avmifygapom;? "d|mefqkdysm?
xkdrD;wGif;ukd? qif; avjim;u? a&Tom;twl? oDwmjzLrSm? rylat; csrf;?
rD;ckd;yifav? xifrpGrf; au? MuifuRrf;csifvif? &mrrif;av? txifjriff
aomf? ,cifuxuf? arwm [kefESihf? cspfpkHrufvkdY? ESpfoufcsD;rGrf;? kw&rnf?
csufjrKyfa<uau? a&Tjynfeef; ukd? csDvSrf;awmhrnf? jyifwkHavau? xkdjynfpkd;
vku
d ?f avmif;&mZmESi?fh aygif; azmfjyKau? bDv;l ppfu? ruk#d yf wjrm;? rif;0wf
pm;ESihf? &xm;,mOfom? qufNyD;cgrS? oDwmurf;p? ausmufwef;usatmif?
aemufuvkdufcg? xkdtcg av? Akdvfygrsm;ESihf? ykdYjim;vmau? avmif;awmfrif;
zsm;? vSaroDav? nDrif;om;ESihf? okH;yg;nDnm? &xm;BuD;rSm? pD;NyD;cgrS?
ul;awmfrljim;? jynfodCKu? xkdbufa&mufaomf? arsmuftrsm;ESihf? oabFm
em0g? aemufaemifcg? oGm; vmcufrnf? oifwq
Ydk nfav? onf;ausmufrsm;
ukd? zsufxm;acs[k? qkdavaomcg? arsmufrsm;pGmwkdY? 0ef;&HukdifMu? csufcsif;
ysufatmif? zsufNyD;rSvQif? ududE&m? awmNrdKifvrf;rSm? eef;atmifcsmukd?
xkdcgvnf;a&muf? okBudwf arsmufESihf? xkdaemufwpf&yf? atmifuGwfEkref?
pukrw
H ?Ydk avQmufjyefvwfaw? rk;d ewfyrm? wefc;kd ausmaf u? uk,
d af wmfb&k m;?
&SifoDwmav? nDawmf&if;au? rif;okH;yg;wkdY? pHpm;aysmfajrmuf? orkdif;wnf
au? a&Tjynfa&mufatmif? aemufuvkdufaxG? arsmufrsm;pGmESihf? uRefawmf
wkdYonf? ykdYawmhrnf[k? avqmufav wkHusif? &mrrif;rSm? ajymjcif;tifu?
*kPftifrcsKdU? rIdif;kdYkdYESihf? odCKNrdKUrSm? oifwkdYBuHaqmif? ightrIvQif?
,ckatmif? rsm;ajrmifaus;Zl;? &Sdayzl;? &mxl;&mcH? [mEkrefav?
ighuRefarsmufukd? csD;ajrmufwef? OmPfESihfaxmuf csifh? csD;ajrmufoihfvnf;?

arsmufESifhuvl? b0cRwf? Zmwfrwlau? rSwf,l om? [mEkrefukd?
okBudwfrif;rSm? xH&if;ruGm? ppfolBuD;[k? jyKNyD;cgrS? arsmufbmomav?
tazmfrsm;ESihf? arsmfyg;ESpfcspf? ,cktcg? oifwkdYrSmav? aeygvkdufav/
189/
aeygvkdufav? avmif;ppf&mZm? qkdavygau? rsm;pGmcyif;?
arsmuf ocifav? bk&ifrif;ESihf? uRef&if;vnf;rSef? [mEkrefu? usKd;EGHc,?
tBudrfBudrf av? OD;ESdrfcsaomf? rsm;vSaomif;aomif;? arsmuftaygif;vnf;?
tavmif; &mr? vSow
D mESi?fh vuPwGi?f olw&Ydk iS u
f ?dk cspcf ifMunf?dk awmNrKd if
atmufu? arsmufxkdxkdwkdY? udk,fpDukd,fpD? vufOD;csD;? tnDtnm?
oJoJkwfkwf? pnf;a0;jyKvkdY? MunhfIarQmfau? oDwm&mr? nDrif;jzLrSm?
wlokH;yg;au? oGm; avMuu? igvrd*D? wmyD[k? pm*Dpkaygif;? &aohausmf
av? 0d[mausmif;ukd? ranmif;rnm? wlokH;yg;wkdY? a&mufjim;cg0,f? rsm;pGmp
um;? jcif;rsK;d pku
H ?dk tukeaf jymvk?Yd yef;armvnf;ajz? aeMuavau? a&TjynfXme?
kw&u? rsm;vS Akdvfyg? tavmif;awmf\? aMumif;Zmwdukd? odavygau?
r,fawmfrd zk&m;? aus;Zl;&Sifav? rdcifrsm;wkdY? &xm;jrif;qif? pDrHysm?
tkwt
f ifaomif;aomif;? eef;wGi;f olau? jyifval ygif;ESi?fh rSL;aumif;rwfawmf?
b'&uk d ? ac:Muyg? ruG m wl u G ? oG m ;avMuau? rsm;vS A k d v f y g?
ausmif;0d[mukd? a&mufawmfrlMu? nDtnmav? yefxGmjyKau? qHOD;avQmhvkdY?
uefawmhNy;D cg? avmif;awmfrif;uk?d avQmufjcif;&mu? pMumpk;d jim;? wkx
Yd yd w
f if
au? t&Sio
f m;av? onf;Mum; &ifaoG;? IrNi;D au? om;Bu;D vnf;rSe?f eef;a0
,HrSm? aysmfpHygaMumif;? rwfawmf0efwkdY? yefavQmufawmif;au? tavmif;
uk,
d af wmf? rsm;Akv
d yf guk?d arwmvnf;I? tcGijhf yKau? Akv
d pf Ek iS o
hf m? &aohausm
fukd? yZm,e? jyKNyD;rQvQif? vuPnD? vSaroDESihf? tnDruGm? rif;okH;qlwkdY?
qifjzLBu;D rSm? pD;Ny;D cgrS? jynfawmfu0dk if? rMumcifu?dk bk&if&mZm? a&mufavyg
au? &wemyvi?f bke;f Ouirf mS ? obif a&Teef;? a&S;xk;H pHjzih?f jynfobef;rSm?
qGwjf zef;a&pif? yka&m[dww
f ?Ydk bdou
d f wifau? bk&ifwpfq?l aqmufpu
dk x
f l
au? xD;jzLatmufrSm? ajrmufawmfrla&/
190/
ajr m uf a wmf r l a u? jynf o l j ynf o m;? rS L ;rwf r sm;ES i h f ?
okH;yg;rdcif? xkdcg wGif? Muifvif&Tifys? ya'omukd? ykdifumpkd;au? a&Ttkd;&okdY?

&mrbk&m;? avmif;rif;om;vnf;? oem;ajrmufcsD? vSaroDukd? a'0DbGJYwyf?
wajymifajymifav? taqmifcef;ESihf? awmifeef;tyf? rSL;rwf&Hum? eef;oD
[m rSm? nDawmf rsm;ESihf? pHpm;aysmfaomf? oDwmwGifjim;? nmeef;aqmifwGif?
acgifxGwfzsm;rSm? om;y#doef? &Sdavjyefaomf? xdyfpGefvufajrmuf? avmif;
bk&if uk?d OD;wif avQmufau? a&mufcu
dk v
f nf;BuKH ? oaEvaHI omf? r,kw
H pf0uf?
pdwftmkHwGif? ,kHwpf0ufESihf? 0dwuf0dZm? &Sdwkef;cgukd? NrdKU&Gmvlrsm;? ajymMu
onfukd? &dyfjcnfMum;u? pum;t&if;? Mum;onfwdwfvQif? pdwfruif;?
tvif;odcsif? cgwpf aeY0,f? nOfhtcsdefwGif? kyfoGifukdazsmuf? NrdKUjynf&GmrSm?
vnfumavQmuf? wpfa,mufwnf;om? penf;emaomf? jcif;&mrMum;? a&SU
rsuEf mS uk?d vSnv
fh mjim;u? r,m;ESiv
fh if? wpftrd w
f iG ?f ae0ifridI &f ?D tdyrf nfcsed f
wGi?f rNird o
f abm? onf;rcHb?J cJ&efppfvQi?f jzpfMujim;? a,musmf ;om;vif?
rae&bJ? tdru
f ESiaf u? rMuifr,m;? ajympum;rSm? igum;rme? tdrw
f iG ;f
u? qif;oGm;avau? jrifh&SnfrMum? wpmpmESihf? ac:vmjyefwkdY? jcif;&m
aMumihf? igrqif;au? jrifjyif;vkdY[k? xkdokdYqkdvQif? a,musfm;vifrSm? eifvQif
rcRwf? ighukdckyif? &mroGifokdY? txifuyf? rtyfr&m? pum;ukd? rajymyg
ESi?fh &Gmwkid ;f r? tpk;d &au? &mrrif;om;? aroDwmuk?d jyefum&rl? odCK jynf
rSm? ppfonfrsm;ESihf? wkdufjim;,la&? xkdYwlwpfzef? igwkdYrlu? olyefa[mif;ukd?
awmif;ryefESihf? r,kHaomfrl? uGmyifoGm;? wykdifpGmav? wkHjymrukd? rwjim;
bJ? r,m;ti,f? igwpfzefav? &SmBuHvwfysm? aeZwfrnfav/
rdzk&m;oDwmukd awm0okdYxkwfcef;
191/
aeZwfrnfav? qkad ywkjH im;? xkad Mumif;&muk?d avmif;awmf
vS au? &mrMum;u? r,m;oDwm? vSnufjymukd? arwmiJhuGuf? jyefjim;vm
xG,f? eef;rSmaeau? xkdonfcsufwGif? txuf&efp? jzpfcJhMuau? 'o*D&d?
rnf&Sdem r? jynfodCKu? xkd,urSm? okpdwrnf? ESri,fu? rajytrsuf?
igharmifawmfav? oDwmwGuaf Mumih?f toufao&? oifu
h ydk ifav? vifEiS u
fh JG
atmif? igcGJyrnf? odCKjynfu? vmayNyD;rS? jyKtrlESifh? awmolrokdY? ,uar
rSm? zefqif;umjzihf? oDwmxH0,f? cpm;av? xkdonftcg? wkdY&Sifrau?
vSarmufawmfav? kyf0gvGefxl;? odCKrSL;au? bDvl;,um? ukd,fwpfckrSm?
acgif;q,f>rm[k? a0g[mpum;? a[majymoHukd? uREkfyfrwkdY? Mum;&jim;vsuf?
xif&Sm;wpfxl;? wpfcgyifav? rjrifzl;? bDvl;kyf0g? acgif;q,f>rmukd? jyif
rsm;cP? vSow
D mav? a&;umjy[k? c,awmif;yef? vSoufEu
HS ? jiif;qefv;Hk
vk;H ? olY yk o
f iG u
f ?dk igvQirf ek ;f [k? rNyKH ;r&,f? ajymwkaH yvnf;? xkEd ,
S yf rm?aeYpOf
omvQif? cgcgrysuf? ,uarrSm? avQmufonfwGufaMumihf? ysOfysufrSmyif?
a&;jyusif? arvifa&mufcg? jcif;&mukd? odygvwfrnf? ckcsufcsif;vQif?
zsuyf pfacs qkad vaomcg? aocsmpGmvQi?f Munhyf g&ap? uREyfk rf wk?Yd a&ESiyfh w
G f
ysm? zsufypfrnf[k? avQmufonfwGufwm? vSoDwmrSm? aqmifawmfukd0if?
tdyaf ysmu
f siaf u? ,cifuRerf ? xkd yk yf u
Hk ?dk eef;bk0H rSm? &mrvmcg? aMumif;jcif;
&mukd? odygavap? arSmufxm;avau? bkef;<u,f&mZm? O,smOfawmfu?jyef
vmNyD;vQif? aysmfpHjref;au? eef;ukd0if? ysOfwGifajcpkH? &yfcgrkH? vkyfwkHqwf
qwf? oDwmvifrSm? qifjcifvwf? ysOfcsyfukdonf? vSefMunhfavaomf?
ESra&;vkyf? bDvl;kyfukd? t[kwfawGYjrif? aMumif;a&;&mukd? ar;ppfusifaomf?
,cifuRerf ? wjcm;olvQi?f rwifcifu?dk avQmufwifovk?Yd &Sirf oDwm? a&;Ny;D
cgrS? a&;Ny;D cgrS? IarQmaf phaph? aeYwidk ;f Munh[
f ?k rsuv
f n
S
fh om? avQmufavyg
au? avmif;awmf&mr? rsufrmef&SvkdY? igupkHruf? aroDwmukd? Muifemcsuf
aMumihf? toufESihfpyf? ppfBuD;qifysm? igvQifowf? av;jrwfcspfMunf?
aqmif,lavau? ol0,fwpfrl? umr*kPfrSm? tmkHpdwf? pdwfrukefvkdY?kyfykH
a&;um? waphaphESihf? IMunhfarQmfaomf? igomxif&Sm;? aqmif,ljyefonf?
tvGefrSm;[k? tm;us rukefEkdifawmhbl;av/
192/
tm;usra,rukef? oDwmwGifav? MuifZeD;ukd? ac:NyD;wkHrS?
eef;bkHu onf? opf&dyfNrHKESihf? &*kHawmukd? xGufoGm;av[k? rdefYa&TtmPm?
csaomcgvQif? oDwmwGifjim;? rdzk&m;rSm? om;y#doef? &Sdjcif;[efaMumihf?
awmif;yefwkyfuG? vifrif;ausmfav? ajcawmfOD;rSm? ezl;cvkdY? OD;csusKd;EGH?
taMumif;jyefysm? awmif;yefr&? awm*Ekdifav? pkHNrdKifeufukd? xGufzkdYusvkdY?
eef;roDwm? awmifnmaysmfrSm? aqmifawmfwGif;u? qif;oufvm?
vrf;rSmwpfzef? 0rf;enf;uGNJ yKd ? tonf;NyKd atmif? ikv
d wf[efu?oufEyHS wjrm;?
y#doefav? ud,
k 0f efom;uk?d jrifzmG ;csed w
f ef? eef;a0,HrmS ? trSerf ck s? pHwpfaqG
rSm? oaEom;ukd? rzGm;&bJ? awm0NrdKifcGif? cspfi,fvifvQif? ESifumxkwfypf?
arhuydk ifav? Muifrcspv
f nf;? 0rf;oaE? &ygonfu?dk aphi,frwGu?f vifrif;
ausmfav? arwmzsufvkdY? &ufpufpdrf;um;? ,ckcgav? jyK&mrsm;ukd? pOf;pm;
vkdufvQif? vlwkdY jynf? raecsifav? aovQifjrwfrnf? 'kuaumifrSm?
avmifpmxyfvkdY? rSwfawmhonfav? a&SU0,fyxr? arSmfkHNrdKifav? *Ekdif0rSm?
'kuylzef? ae&jyefav? {uefvnf;qkd;? EG,frwlav? wpfrlxl;au? bDvl;rsKd;
vQif? ckd;,laqmifav? wpfwkdif;aeau? wpfjynf&yfaus;? OD;xdyfwifau?
vifESihfuGJvkdY? qif;&JBuD;pGm? aeaomcgvQif? armifawmfbk&m;? ppft*FgESihf?
aqmifvmjim;vnf;? ,krH mS ;o uFm? &Sjd cif;&muk?d arom&Si;f vif;? Bu;D t[keEf iS ?fh
rD;ykHwGif;ukd? ckefqif;jy? vifrdwfaqGrSm? pdwfaeusvsuf? ckrSwpfzef? y#d
oefvQif? &SdjyefwkHjim;? udk,fhoaEav? wnfonfom;ukd? a,musfm;arhvif?
bDvl;rsKd;ESihf? ,kd;pGyfusif au? txifvnf;rSm;? oDwmysKdukd? awmvQKdjim;[k?
Id;yg;kyf0g? aroDwmrSm? rsufESmukd0Suf? vSoufESHrSm? tvGef&Suf? ,kdxGuf
rsuf&nf? pD;axGaxGESihf? oGm;avwkHajrmuf? 0gVrd*D? &aohqDukd? wyfrSDa&muf
u? yefavQmufO;D wif? aMumif;ukepf ifu?dk pkv
H ifpum;? &aohausmaf u? bk;d awmf
oMum;u? w&m;jyo? nmeef;aysmfau? oDwmvSrSm? EGrf;vQId;acG? pdwfi,f
i,fESihf? aeavwkHa&Smif;? vSNyHK;csKdav? kdEGJUaESmif;rSm? om;aumif;&wem?
eef;avmif;vsmukd? rmwmrdcif? rsufESmjrifau? okwfoifauR;arG;? rikdapvkd?
jreef;ckdrSm? EkdYcsKdauR;? wpfaeYaomcg? ausmif;0d[mESihf? ruGmteD;?
awmatmufNrdKifwGif? ausmuftkdifBuD;? tESD;avQmf&ef? oGm;vkdjyef?
ikdoHukdydwf? om;a&Tpifukd? rdcifvTJau? usL;{odyfaw/
193/
usL;{odyfau? tdyfygtdyfyg? ykvJSmav? onf;csmoufpk?
om;rsuf I au? aiGOykv?J xD;eef;pnfav? vnfqu
JG ?dk crnf;zcif? rcspMf uifb?J
xkwfESifwkHvkduf? ykH'EdrSm? tdrfMuufrvkd? OeypfokdY? rcspfrMuif? eifhzcifu?
xkwfESifwkHa&Smif;? yg&rDukd? pkHnDjznhfau? &aohausmif;rSm? eef;avmif;a,m
ufsm;? om;a&Tpifukd? rdcifzGm;vkdY? ywjrm;rsuf&Sif? ykcufjyifrSm? rwif&bJ?
ykqkd;ykd;csnf? umodefxnfukd? EG,fESihfqGJvkdY? {vnf;,if;,if? &aohaysmfav?
ausmif;awmfxJrSm? vTJ&usifau? rdcifuHqkd;? om;eef;pnfav? ckdifuwkd;rSm?
trsKd;oefYpif? auo&mokdY? EG,fZmwdau? omuD0if[k? a&Tpiftvm;? e&PD
av? od*xJrSm? aMu;ra&myg? &wemav? ppfygwkHvsuf? eifhzcifrSm? txif
rSm;? om;yef;cufonf? eef;quf{uef? zarGcv
H Qi?f rSeyf gwkv
H su?f ykq;dk xnf
ESihf? EG,fykcufrSm? tdyfpufarGUavsmf? eef;ESifhuGm? aysmfyg,ck? arG;rdcifrSm?
{,ifusL;? om;OD;tdyfcg? &aohausmfukd? Munhfygtyfxm;? prf;a&MunfrSm?
xnft0wfu?dk zGyrf nfomG ;u? awmom;arsmufr? om;ESpaf umifu?dk aqmifNy;D
rSvQi?f ausmuwjzm? &ifrmS wpfa,muf? ud,
k Ef iS w
hf rl? twlwal v? aqmif,l
ajrmufv?Ydk awmarsmufbmom? vmjcif;&muk?d oDwmjrifvQi?f ajymjcif;tifu?
eifvQirf u
dk v
f ?S awmarsmufrrSm? ausmuvnf;om;? eifrh mS vQiaf v? &ifuom;
ESi?hf oGm;vmrawmf? eifaeygau? a&rSmcP? rawmfaomfav? vTwu
f musu?
arsmufrrkdufau? tvkdvkdav? udk,f\om;ESihf? oGm;vmae[k? qkdavaomcg?
aroDwmukd? jyefumrae? ajymvwfawu? a[a[rdef;r? ighukdomav?
rkduf&mcsvkdY? eifuighxuf? rkdufjcif;[efukd? rSefrodbJ? rdef;rysufrSm? rxGufr
pm;? wjcm;rSmyif? om;a&Tpifu?dk eifvQix
f m;au? usm;om;uif;a>r? uku
d af v
onfu?dk eif0,frod? ighrmS vQiaf v? igh&ifMum;rSm? ighom;&Sv
d su?f arG;rdigvQi?f
aoNyD;usifrS? om;&Sifaemufu? rawmfauvQif? aoyg&rnf? qkdwkHavau?
rdaroDwm? wGufumpmaomf? enf;emjyGTef? arsmufrajymonf? pum;rSef[k?
jyefrae? ol\om;uk?d ,ljim;avau? xko
d nftcg? &aohausmv
f Qi?f tdyaf ysmf
aecku
d ?f xkjd cif;&mav? aMumif;Zmwdu?dk rodvu
dk
f ? pifppfrae? Ek;d wkaH vau?
oli,fr&Sd? &aohausmfau? ausmif;awmfxJrSm? cJcJrdGvkdY? olYrdoDwm? jyefvm
aomf? igwmy? olo
Y nf;csmuk?d uk&mG awmif;au? ausmif;uomvQi?f ajy;yg
&rnf? okjYd zpfonfaMumih?f ig0,fxif&mS ;? olo
Y nf;csmok?Yd ememkyv
f Qi?f vkycf g
xm;rnf? &aohausmfrSm? ausmfawmfwGif;u? qif;ca&av/

194/
qif;wkaH vau? xko
d nftcg? acgif;q,fv;Hk au? bDv;l ausmf
ukd? &mr rif;om;? av;pEmESihf? cEjywfatmif? owfavjim;u? a'gorajy?
aemifb0rSm? owf&ap[k? rSwf&nf"d|mef? jyKjcif;[efaMumihf? 0dnmOfqkH;um?
&aohausm\
f ? ausmif;awmfem;0,f? oref;jrufrmS ? toufwnf? oaEwp?
rsK;d Zmwf tEG,?f pGu
J yfaxGysm? wnfavuvQi?f wmyys?H &SmwkjH yef?oref;
jrufyif? xkdtzkwfukd? Ekwfavusifau? vufwGifvnf;jywf? bDvl;aoaomf?
oaE&
dS ? xdumuyfvsu?f jrwf&aohax&f? vsirf aeau? oli,ftky?f aq;
0g;rEef? *gxmysHESihf? pDrHvkyf? ref;rIwfaomcg? waMumfaMumfESihf? ikdumwrf;
,rf;? &aohausmu
f ?dk &Smumzufau? vufEiS pfh rf;vk?Yd a&mf&rf;Ny;D cg? rqdik &f muk?d
ukdifumzufpkyfd? EkdYcsKdcsKdukd? pkdYvkdjim;? om;jrufzkwfukd? jyKvkyfNyD;cg? ykcufay:
rSm? wifumodyx
f m;? twefMumaomf? uefawmfem;u? om;uk&d u
G u
f m? aroD
wmvQi?f vmua&mufusi?f jyKvyk jf yefau? oref;jrufu?dk ykcufwiG ;f ? jrifav
aomcg? rdow
D mu? bk;d awmfb&k m;? &aohausmrf mS ? arG;umxm;vm;? ar;aom
cgvQif? oDwmarvS? rawmf&mukd? azmfumar;onf? kdif;aypGmh[k? aMumif;p
jzpf[ef? ajymwkHjyef? oref;jrufukd? zsufrnfqkdaomf? nDukdESpfjzm? arhonf;
csmrSm? tazmftzuf? bkokdufBuHKav? pDrHovkdY? &wkHvsufESihf? rzsuf&xG,f?
xkdoli,fukd? ukd,f\om;ESihf? arG;pm;avau? trnfemr? armifavmeESihf?
*k&Sukrm? &aohax&frSm? emrnfrSnhfvkdY? zGJYNyD;cgrS? ausmif;awmfonf? arG;pm;
avaomf? t&G,fa&mufcg? wwfynmav? t|m&o? tppukd? jyooifrSwf?
ynm[keaf v? *kPjf 'yfEiS ?fh owpd rG ;f tm;? jynhpf jHk im;? om;vSnaD emif? vla&;
ajrmufjim;? a,musfm;om;au? ESpfyg;armifwkdY? awmawmifc&D;? NrdKiftilav?
vlreD;wGif? opfoD;yef;ref? prusefatmif? O,smOfpkdufysKd;? EG,f0Homav?
r[mrsK;d au? owk;d onf;csm? a'G;ESpjf zmESi?fh oDwmra[? &aoh&iS af v? ausmif;
ocFrf;rSm? pHjref;aea&/
195/
pHjref;aeau? a&TjynfomvS? kw&rSm? &mrrif;ausmf?
rsm;Akv
d v
f u
l ?dk xD;jzLrk;d vk?Yd pk;d pHaysmaf omf? wpf&mjynfaxmif? rif;ukeaf tmifo?Ydk
vufaqmif b@m? &wemuk?d yPmTwcf ? qufo&efav? xHawmfarSmufrmS ?
ra&mufMu vkdY? tZmenf? jrif;vnf0,f? pmacGqGJum? tjynfjynfav?
e,frv yf atmif? vSnhfywfcgjzihf? e*&mywfukef;? aerD;yrm? a0nD;jzmau?

ig\bkef;ESihf? vufkH;pGrf;tif? zufEIef;csifaomf? tvsifvnf;xGuf? r[kwf
aomfrl? b@mquf[k? *eufppfonf? tjynfjynfukd? pmacGESihfpGyf? jrif;onf
ausmu
f ?dk apumvTwu
f ? rSL;rwfAv
dk yf g? oGm;avyg? e*&mXmae? tjynfjynf
wGif? pmacGukdjy? bkef;awmf'Pfukd? rcH0Hau? aMumuf&GHUMuvsuf? qufo
b@m? ZrLajrav? e,fukdaphatmif? vSnhfvmaomf? NrdKifcsmawm0?
aroDwmrSm? onf;csm&if; au? om;rif;vSwkdY? pkdufxaeaysmf? O,smOfem;ukd?
a&mufaomcgvQi?f eif;um ckev
f mT ;? jrif;jzLpifu?dk 0ifumoGm;u? ukid jf im;NrNJ r?J
om;rif;ysKdwkdY? ZufukdqGJ vsuf? zrf;rae? xm;Muavau? wkdif;jynfuGyfESD;?
trwfBuD;wkdY? oGm;NyD;wkHa&Smif? taMumif;qkdysm? jrif;ukdawmif;u? jyefajymif;
r&? &mrrif;ausmf? trdefYawmfukd? xkwfumjyaomf? &mrukdum;? rqkdxm;ESihf?
odMum;ukdawmif? wkdYnDaemifrSm? ra&SmifraMumuf? om;rif;ausmfav? r[m
aoG;wkdY? &Jpdwfayguf? ESpfa,mufrif;om;? zcifjynfu? Akdvfajcrsm;ESifh?pGrf;
tm;NyKd iv
f u
dk ?f zufum ,SONf yKd i?f qkid v
f w
Ydk u
dk af u? jypfjypf;HI axG? ajy;Muavau?
wkdif;jynfa&mufvQif? ukd,fwkdY&Sifukd? avQmufwifumv? &mZrmefav?
tvGejf yif;au? rif;&mru? rsm;vSAv
dk yf g? ppft*FgESi?fh vsipf mG rae? vuPESi?fh
xGufMuavaomf? kyf&nfcsif;rl? om;&if;csmvQif? &mrrif;ESihf? r,Gif;wlnD?
nDvuP? rsKd;eef;EG,fukd? ar;avauvQif? &mrom;&if;? xkdtcgwGif? qkdyg
jcif;u? tcif;azG&Sm? ppfajrwmrSm? &if;csmaqGrsKd;? aMumif;tusKd;ukd? ar;kd;
r&Sd? pGrf;owdukd? od&atmifonf? vufkH;axmifysm? bkef;a&mifvIdufau?
wkdufMurnf[k? qkdavaomcg? &mrrif;rSm? jyif;xefpGmvQif? pnfaqmfwkH
ajrmuf? zppfonfav? Akv
d af jcaygif;au? ESpaf omif;avmufu?dk ESpaf ,mufcck ?H
wku
d af vjyefau? jyif;xefvufeuf? olaY rG;zau? &mrbufu? "m;pufuo
dk m?
ypfvu
dk yf gaomf? om;awmfa&SU? pm;p&mav? rsm;pGmrkeaYf u? pkyjHk zpfv?Ydk om;ppf
uom? ypfvu
dk yf gfvnf;? yDwmzxH? usavjyefaomf? yef;refaygufayguf?&Sad v
ajrmufau? cspfavmufMuifem? om;tzwkdY? awmfMu&mukd? rSefpGmrod? y&ef
vlav? &efolppfokdY? wkdufMuoda&/
om;ESihftz ppfa&;jy
wkdufMucef;
196/
wkdufMuodau? *D&d'o? pkawavaomf? oaE&vkdY? *koQ
wGifjim;? &aohysHav? oref;jrufukd? oufoGif;xm;au? xkdom;wpfzef?
ypfvu
dk jf yefaomf? jyif;xefvufeuf? &mrxHrmS ? rSeo
f nfwu
G af Mumih?f touf
ZDa0? aoi,faZmESihf? ajrmvkdYaeau? nDi,frif;vS? vuPu? r&BuHpnf?
usrsuf &nfEiS ?fh bke;f <u,f&mr? cspBf uKd ;aESmifau? aemifrif;vSu?dk ruGmwlw?JG
rBuEH idk f au? rIid u
f mai; vk?Yd aq;rif;r[m? awmifv;Hk ausmv
f nf;? oDwmarxH?
ygavjyef? tvGefcJcuf? r&D;ra[ oDwmarrSm? rae&bJ? jynfuxGuf?
awmeufNrKd iaf jc? b,fXmaerSm? &So
d nfaMumif;p? awmifeef;aysmaf v? oDwm
rdu?dk rod&? rsm;vSrLS ;rwf? txyfxyfEiS ?fh ES;D uyfwidk yf if? xkcd gwGif ? vkvif
&G,af &muf? vSow
D mav? jrifajrmfzmG ;au? om;ESpaf ,mufu? tm;ajrmuftm;
uk;d ? uk,
d Ehf ,
G f ;dk ESi?fh wefc;dk ukjd y? uk,
d u
hf u
dk adk v? xkNd crd ;f yvk?Yd tm*a,musmf ;?
igwkdYrlav? *kPfrcsKdUau? awmNrdKUom;vQif? xif&Sm;vnf;jzpf? tkd;t&m?
rsK;d EG,v
f muk?d &Smpdppfad omf? tjrpfrv
l ? wkaYd rG;zu? &mrac:wGi?f rdrmwmrSm?
oDwmwGijf im;? wkn
Yd aD emifrmS ? bke;f a&mifawmufau? ESpaf ,mufom;uk?d jrwf
zsm;bkd;awmf? &aohausmfu? ynmody? tjzmjzmav? |m&oukd?oifjy jynhf
pk?H wku
Yd dk rkeaf v? r,kv
H Qipf rf;? aemufaemifwpfzef? trSm;cHysm? rjyefwrf;av/
197/
rjyefwrf;aav? tpGr;f ukjd y? om;nDwu
Ydk ?dk qkNd crd ;f yu? Mum;&
jcif;&m? wkdY&mZmav? &mrrif;rSm? om;&if;csm[k? nDawmfup? vuPwkdY?
odMuaom cg? om;ESihfzwkdY? jzpfMu&mukd? a&Tpmo0Pf? p-r usefukd? ESHum
vnf;a&;? jrm;pl;rSmav? yl;umqGJvkdY? ay;urf;ypfajrmuf? jrm;pl;wGif? pmukd
jrifau? vkvifacsm[k? om;ESpfa,mufwkdY? ,laumufzwfusif? aMumif;jcif;
tifu?dk zcifom;csp?f {0uefav? trSejf zpfvsu?f wku
d cf u
dk Mf ujim;? wkw
Yd pfzef
av? tvGefrSm;[k? om;\bufu? vufeufcsaomf? &mrbufom;? xkdtcg
0,f? Akdvfygrsm;vnf;? csjim;vufeuf? ESpfOD;,Suf? jzpfysuforQ? wwfaus
yGeaf u? rwf0efrsm;ESi?fh ajyma[mMuvk?Yd om;zrod? &efppfral v? jzpfuek b

f
d ?
xdrSef vufeuf? zrif;ausmfav? cEmysufrnf? okdYjzpfay? ra[awmifnm?
armifhrmwmvQif? b,frSm&Sdonf? rwfav;0wkdY? ar;Muavaomf? om;i,fESpf
yg;? ajympum;rSm? arzGm;rmwm? rdoDwmvQif? a[rmNrdKifzsm;? a0;ryg;wGif?
awm&yfaeaysmf? &aohausmf\? ausmif;awmfonf? wkdYarG;rdvQif? &SdwkHay[k?
qkdavaomcg? rsm;AkdvfygESihf? nDawmfvuP? aemifrif;ausmfav? avmif;
&mruk?d aqmifxrMum? om;ESpyf g;ESi?fh oGm;avyg? ausmif;awmfa&mufvQi?f
oDwm&Sifukd? jrifonfumv? vuPrSm? pD;usrsuf&nf? ikdwkHav? axGaxG
rsm;vS? aMumif;udpE iS ?fh om;zrod? ppfobifrmS ? pGr;f tifjyau? wku
d Mf ubd?
xdreS v
f ufeuf? aemifrif;ausmaf u? cEmoufvQi?f ysucf gvke;D ? vufeuf'Pf
av? tvGeBf u;D au? r&D;oDwm? awmifv;Hk ausm[
f ?k r[mewfaq;? &Sjd cif;&muk?d
xkwu
f may;yg? awmif;aomcgvQi?f oDwmpifppf? vifrif;rGeu
f ?dk rsurf mef,pf
vnf;? rke;f cspo
f em;? aoab;vnf;BuKH ? ta&;qkyH sm? jzpfwjHk im;? vifzsm;rif;
ausmf? bDvl;&efukd? wkdufvSefjyKau? aus;Zl;awmfukd? arQmfumaxmufawG;?
aq;rif;r[m? awmifvkH;ausmfukd? xkwfumay;a&/
198/
xkwfumay;au? aoG;vsifpGm? orm;ausmfwkdY? avmif;
awmf&mr? vufeuf'PfrSm? vdrf;usHMuaomf? Moo|aq;ausmf? tmEkabmf
aMumihf? 'Pf&mBuD;us,f? aoi,faZmESihf? ajrmvkdYaevnf;? ajyumvsifqG?
&mrrif;ausmf? ab;bsrf;uGm? tomxau? om;vSESpfjzm? z-yDwmukd?
yOmeE&d? xkdig;yg;0if? arG;zcifukd? vufvQifxdu? t0DpduH? cH&aMumif;ukd?
usrf;a[mif; Tef? jypf'PfvGwfaMumif;? zcifxHrSm? awmif;yefa&Smif;au?
om;aumif;a&T pif? IrqkH;au? *rkef;yifwkdY? zcifESihfom;? {0uefav?
rSefukefjim;vsuf? oem;MunfjzL? om;onf;tlESihf? twlwuG? eef;a&TjynfrSm?
rae&bJ? tzwpfjcm;? om;wpfyg;au? uGJjym;wkHMu? ,ck0,fav? onfudp
aMumihf? om;zrod? y&efvlav? &efolppfokdY? jzpfMubd? awrdu&? aoab;
qkHysm? awGUBuHKMu vsuf? ckrScgvQif? om;a&TpifESihf? zcifvnf;od? okdYjzpfbd?
aeYup? om;vSonf;csm? zESihfrlav? wlwuGvQif? ae&ygatmif? a&Teef;
aqmifu?dk om;armifwu
l ?G rduadk c:ysm? jynfawmfxu
J ?dk vku
d cf MhJ u[k? arG;zcif
ausm?f acsmah rhac: au? ESpjf zmwlu?G om;a&Tpifw?Ydk vku
d cf siMf u? rdvrS mwm?
xHawmfyg;uk?d oGm;Ny;D cgrS? vku

d yf gMurnf? zyDwmav? rSmpum;uk?d ajymMuav
aomf? aroD wmr? vifrif;ausmfukd? pdwfemvS? &mrac:wGif? oihfzcifu?
rMuifrcspf? rdrmwmukd? ESifumypfvsuf? pifppfckcg? vkduf[kac:vnf;? r,f
awmfrvkduf? okdYqkdaomf? xkdom;cspfwkdY? vkdufygvkdufyg? tcgcgvQif?
ac:a0:umv? eifhzcifukd? oifwkdYcspfau? vkdufMuavm? ighukdcgcgrac:vSm
ESihf? rmefygpdwfnpf? t&mwpfcg? vmumac:aomf? ematmifkdufrnf? qkdw
kHayau? qkdonfpum;? taMumif;rsm;ukd? tztxH? rvkdufvkd[k? qkdpum;ukd?
ajymMujyefaomf? oufEHS nDv?S vuPu? oufrQMuifem? r&D;awmfu?dk vku
d yf g
vkdaMumif;? tzefzefav? awmif;yefa&Smif;au? rwfaumif;vdrm? oihfaemif
awmfvQif? rsm;pGm&ufpuf? r&D;arukd? jyKonfwGufaMumihf? &SufyvSonf?
wkdif;a&Tjynfukd? vkdufrnfpum;? r&D;awmfukd? rac:jim;ESihf? qkdajymavaomf?
xkdtcgwGif? Akdvfygy&dowf? vGefvdrmau? r[mrwfwkdY? xyfumwpfzef?
aroDwmav? xHawmfarSmufrmS ? avQmufvwf[efu? nmpHxw
G w
f if? wajymif
ajymifav? taqmifcef;ESihf? awmifeef;&Sifav? vifESihfr,m;? pum;xmrSm?
yrmcsifhau? vQmESihfoGm;odkY? rrSm;a&SUae? vlYjynfrSm? raoorm;? &SmwkHkjyef
aomf? tvGef&Sm;vsuf? vifom;{uef? usL;vGefcJhvnf;? onf;nnf;cHysm?
jyefygvkdaMumif;? rwfawmf0efwkdY? yefavQmufawmif;vnf;? olaumif;vdrm?
a&TBudK;oG,fysm? pvG,f0wfau? rwfr[mwkdY? &mZmjynf&Sif? igbk&if[k?
rMuifrcspf? pifpifppfau? ESifypfNyD;rS? ckwpfzefav? jyefumppfau? vkdufyg
awmh[k? rif;vS&mZm? ,ckac:vnf;? &Sufygawmhonf? wkdif;a&TjynfrSm?
ra[nmpH? arrcHau? edAm ef&rI? bduL eDav? ax&DjyKysm? ,ckaernf? av;yg;
rwf0ef? tawmif;yefav? rcHjim;ESi?fh tm;emonf[?k qkad vumv? oDwmjzL
uk?d pkw
H pfa,mufrQ? avQmufr&au? wmyac:? &aohausmv
f Qi?f awG;arQmf
jim;? ajymjcif;&mu? 'um 'umr? aroDwmESi?fh igh&mrwk?Yd 0g'uGjJ ym;?igvQif
qkdrnf? xkdpum;ukd? axmifem;vnf;em? aemufaemifcg? jcif;&mwpd? jypfr&Sd
bJ? jynfBuD;bk&if? xD;eef;&Sif[k? rif;yifjzpfjim;? i,fuRrf;0ifav? Muifr,m;
ukd? rif;zsm;jynf&Sif? a&Teef;cGifu? rESifaytyf? igq&mav? rSmpum;ukd?rif;
zsm;rSwaf vm? vSewfow
D m? ighajr;rSmvnf;? ac:vmonfppf? umvjrif&h n
S ?f igh
ausmif;0,f? raexkdufau? vkdufoGm;awmhav? &aohausmfav? q&mjrwf
rSm? ajymvkdufawav/
199/
ajymvwfawav? ESroDwm? &aohausmaf v? ajymygjcif;uk?d
rjiif;omvnf;? rsm;pGmpdwfnpf? eef;a0,Hukd? jyefvkdufbJ? aovdkufcsifbd?
pdwfvQif &Sdvnf;? odq&m? jrwfbkd;tkdav? qkdEIwfxGufukd? rzsufom?
vkdufygzkdYMu? rsm;AkdvfygESihf? rif;&mrESihf? om;vSESihfom? &aohausmfukd? nDnm
wluG? tOvDav? wifcsDjyKysm? qHOD;avQmhvkdY? uefawmhNyD;cg? awmuEmwGif?
oGm;&mvrf;au? pcef;rSm? wefqmvnf;qif? awmNrKd iaf jcu? a&Tjynfeef;uk?d
vSrf;um0ifvkdY? yvifoD[m? a&mufavygaomf? oDwmkdjr? om;rdcifav?
Muif&mvSu?dk a&SUuxufyif? ruMuifau? bk&ifrif;Bu;D ? t*a&Gn?D ra[oD[?k
a'0Dajrmufatmif? csD;ajrmufNyD;rS? om;BuD;wpfoG,f? om;i,fwpf0? vuP
ac:? tdrfa&SUaysmfau? nDawmfvSESihf? &mrowkd;? wkdif;jynfawmifukd? tacgif
csKyfysm? tkyfcg pkd;vkdY? wef;ckd;vnf;ay:? [kd;[kd;ausmfysm? bkef;awmfBuD;us,f?
oDwmjzLESi?fh wlwuGau? pHMuonf[?k oufaowpfc?k a&S;ya0PD? yk'H @Dav?
0wKukd? pyfjyKonfrSm? ykd'frsm;pGmvQif? ESpf&mausmf? xufus,fatmif?
csJUvkdzGJYu? okH;nOfhESihfyif? qkH;rnftifukd? rxifwkHjim;? ajymqkd &efvnf;?
tvGef rsm;vnf;? OmPf"m;csifhcsdef? BudK;od*ESihf? xkd;oDpkkH;? yef;rsm;pGmukd?
SmNyKd iu
f ;Hk ok?Yd pmvk;H rmvm? uAsmuk?d aZ,smcs;D usL;? xk;H ukrd
DS ? ukpH jD yKau?
OD;&mZf"mwfawmf? xGwjf rwfpmG vQi?f a&mif0gajymif&rT ;f ? omoemvQi?f ay:u
xGef;av? uRef;OD; &mZmawmif? xGef;opfajymifau? atmifajrr*Fvm? t&Gm
&GmwGif? aMumfjim[kd; [kd;? bk&m; w&m; oHCm? okH;jzmxD;ukd? nD;nD;umau?
&Gmwefckd;rSm? trsKd;EG,f,Of? wkdYtpOfvQif? &ckdifbmom? jzpfwkH&SpfESpf? ou
&mZfu? wGupf pftnD? aw;jcif;uAsm? omjcif;pmuk?d q&mvkyv
f ?Ydk uREyfk pf aD u?
cktcg? ig;q,fausmfau? ZD0gtm,k? oufarG;&efukd? OmPfESihfjyK? a&S;OD;
pmpD? aemufwpfvD? *rDa&Tpm? a'oemukd? Mum;emcsifjim;? tMuifolav?
ynmvkdvm;? upm;&G,fav? oli,frsm;ukd? oifMum;om? tpkd;&wkdY?
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