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quality construction of each equipment we manufacture.

This manual explains the working of equipment. Please read it thoroughly and have all
the occupants follow the instructions carefully. Doing so will help you enjoy many years
of safe and trouble free operation.

When it comes to service remember that K.C. Engineers knows your equipment best
and is interested in your complete satisfaction. We will provide the quality maintenance
and any other assistance you may require.

All the information and specifications in this manual are current at the time of printing.
However, Because of K.C. Engineers policy of continual product improvement we
reserve the right to make changes at any time without notice.

Please note that this manual explains all about the equipment including options.
Therefore you may find some explanations for options not installed on your equipment.

You must follow the instructions and maintenance instructions given in the manual
carefully to avoid possible injury or damage. Proper maintenance will help ensure
maximum performance, greater reliability and longer life for the product.



K.C. Engineers



Wetted Wall Column


Contents Contents Contents Contents



1. Objective 1

2. Aim 1

3. Introduction 1

4. Theory 1

5. Description 2

6. Utilities Required 2

7. Experimental Procedure 2

8. Observation & Calculation 3

9. Nomenclature .. 4

10. Precautions & Maintenance Instructions 5

11. Trouble Shooting 5

12. References 6





Wetted Wall Column 1
WETTED -WALL COLUMN
(Evaluation of Mass Transfer Co-efficient)
1. OBJECTIVE:
To study the evaluation of mass transfer coefficient in wetted wall column.
2. AIM:
Determination of the Liquid phase mass transfer coefficient in a wetted wall column
using Air-water system.
3. INTRODUCTION:
A wetted wall column is essentially a vertical tube with means of admitting liquid at
the top and causing it to flow downwards along the inside wall of the tube, under the
influence of gravity and means of admitting gas to the inside of the tube, where it
flows through the tower in contact with the liquid. In absence of ripple formation at
the liquid surface, the interfacial area, A, is known and form drag is absent.
4. THEORY:
The mass transfer coefficient, Ka, can be measured in a wetted wall column in which
the area of contact between two phases is known and boundary layer separation does
not take place. A wetted wall column also provides useful information on mass
transfer to and from fluids in turbulent flow.
Various dimensionless groups that control the phenomenon are:
Reynolds number,

G d
NR
e
=
Schmidt Number,
D
S N
c

=
Sherwood Number
D
d K
S N
h
=
G = Gas mass velocity, kg/m
2
s
D = diffusivity Coeff., m
2
/s
d = tube diameter, m
Ka = mass transfer coeff.
Wetted Wall Column 2
For turbulent flow mass transfer to pipe wall-involving evaporation of liquids in
wetted wall towers, Gilland and Sherwood proposed the correlation:
( )
44 . 0 81 . 0
023 . 0
|
|

\
|
|
|

\
|
|

\
|
=
d
dV
Pd
D
K
G



For N
Re
2000 - 3500
N
SC
0.6 - 2.5
P 0.1 to 3 atm
The known flow rate of air at a measured humidity is brought into contact with a film
of water at a certain temperature and vapor pressure. Moisture is absorbed by the air
from water film and the resultant humidity of the exit air and the temperature
and vapor pressure of the entry water measured.
5. DESCRIPTION:
In this system the air is firstly heated by passing through a heated chamber and then
directed to the column from bottom. Water pumped in from the top and flows down in
the form of a thin film. The moisture is absorbed from the wetted wall as the air
travels up through the column and then discharged to the atmosphere. Water is
recycled in the sump tank through the pump. The temperature of the air dry bulb and
wet bulb are measured by RTD 100 are provided.
6. UTILITIES REQUIRED:
1. Electrical supply: Single Phase, 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 0.5 kW with earth connection.
2. Water Supply
3. Drain required.
4. Compressed Air Supply at 2 Bar, 4 CFM.
7. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1. Feed Water to the column from top at a rate at which complete wetting with
minimum of ripple formation takes place.
2. Commence the operation with minimum airflow and after 15-20 minutes, the
humidity of the inlet air and the outlet air at this flow rate of air is noted and read
corresponding vapor partial pressure, from the psychrometric chart.
Simultaneously the temperatures of the water in and out are noted and flow rates
Wetted Wall Column 3
measured. From steam tables obtain Vapour presssure of water corresponding to
these temperatures.
3. Repeat step 3 for 3-4 airflow rates.
4. Calculate experimental value of K
G
by using humidity chart data.
5. Calculate predicted value of K
G
using Sherwood-Gilliland correlation, eq. (3).
6. Compare the experimental and predicted Value of K
G

8. OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:
DATA:
d = ---------- cm
L = ---------- cm
P = ---------- atm
W = ----------
= ---------- kg/m
3

From Psychrometric chart
a = -------------
b = ------------ (from data book)
From steam tables, corresponding to water inlet and outlet temperature, calculate the
Vapour pressure.
P
1
= ----------- bar
P
2
= ----------- bar

OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.no F,
LPM
T
1
,
o
C T
2
o
C BOTTOM
SECTION
TOP
SECTION
T
3
o
C T
4
o
C T
5
o
C T
6
o
C
1
2
3


Wetted Wall Column 4
CALCULATIONS:
ACTUAL VALUE OF K
G
( ) ( ) | | 29 / 1 18 /
18 /
1
+
=
a
a
y
= ---------
( )
( ) ( ) | | 29 / 1 18 /
18 /
2
+
=
b
b
y
= ----------
2
) (
2 1
P P
P
AV
+
= , bar = ------- bar
P
P
y
AV
i
) (
= = -----------------
L d A = , cm
2
= ------------ cm
2

= F M , kg/hr = -------------- kg/hr
W
M
V = , g mole/hr = -------------- g mole/hr
(

|
|

\
|

|
|

\
|

=
2
1
1
2
1
1
ln
1
1
y
y
y y
y y
y V
PA K
i
i
i
G
= ------------------
K
G
= -------------------- g mole/h cm
2
atm

THEORETICAL VALUE OF K
G
( )
44 . 0 81 . 0
023 . 0
|
|

\
|
|
|

\
|
|

\
|
=
D
dV
Pd
D
K
G


= ------------------------ g mole/h cm
2
atm
Then Compare the actual & theoretical value of K
G

9. NOMENCLATURE:
A = Area, cm
2
a, b = Inlet & Outlet humidity of air
D = Diffusivity coefficient
d = Column diameter, cm
F = Flow rate of air, m
3
/h
K
G
= Mass transfer coefficient, g mole/h cm
2
atm
L = Column effective length, cm
M = Mass flow rate, kg/hr
Wetted Wall Column 5
P = Atmospheric pressure, atm
P
1
,P
2
= Vapor pressure of water at inlet & outlet temperature, bar
(P)
AV
= Average vapor pressure, bar
T
1
= Water inlet temperature,
o
C
T
2
= Water outlet temperature,
o
C
T
3
= Dry bulb temperature of inlet air,
o
C
T
4
= Wet bulb temperature of inlet air,
o
C
T
5
= Dry bulb temperature of outlet air,
o
C
T
6
= Wet bulb temperature of outlet air,
o
C
V = Mass velocity of air, g mole/hr
W = Molecular weight of air
y
1
, y
2
= Mole fraction of water
= Density of air, kg/m
3

= Viscosity of air, kg/m h
10. PRECAUTIONS & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS:
1. For condenser the cold water supply should be constant.
2. Dont switch on the pump at low voltage.
3. Air should be moisture free.
4. Wet bulb temperature should be properly contacted with water.
11. TROUBLESHOOTING:
1. If any type of suspended particles are come in the Rotameters. Remove the
Rotameters clean the tube and fit that at its place.
2. If there is any leakage tight that part or remove that and refix that again after
wrapping Teflon tape.
3. If Rotameters fluctuating more than average tight control knob of that.
4. If D.T.I display 1 on display board it means sensors connection are not OK tight
that.
5. If switch ON the heater but temperature cant rise but panel LED is ON it means
bath heater had burned replace that.
Wetted Wall Column 6
12. REFERENCES:
1. Treybal, R.H., Mass-Transfer Operations, 3
rd
ed., McGraw-Hill, NY, 1981,
Page 70-72
2. Coulson & Richardsons, Chemical Engineering, Vol-2, 4
th
ed, Asian Books
Pvt. Ltd, ND, 1998, Page 539-542.
DATA BOOK
1. C.P.Kothandaraman, S. Subramanyan, Heat Mass Transfer Data Book, 6
th

ed., New Age International (P) Ltd., ND, 2007.

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