Jatropha Curcas (Tuba-Tuba) Leaves Extract Combined with Kerosene as an Alternative Fuel

Abstract
This study concentrates to the capacity and ability of the specie. It is used as a herbal medicine. In a way of deriving its use into alternative fuel. It focuses to the problem on how could the Jatropha curcas and kerosene turned to be a biofuel. We predict that it could happen with the use of the references in the internet and articles. The solution or product is significance into our environment especially in domestic and local areas. Is is only limited to the leaves of the said plant and nothing beyond this part and information. It is processed due to scientific principles such as decoction and etc.,preparing of the materials, grinding of the leaves, boiling of the leaves, mixing it with the amount of kerosene, followed by the observation and set-ups that are made foe the experiment. It uses tuba-tuba leaves, kerosene, alcohol lamp, match and water for boiling process. The result shown in table 1.1 and 1.2 proved that the solution is feasible in making an alternative fuel out of the leaves and kerosene.

Introduction
Background of the Study
The reason why i chose this study because this problem concentrates to the capacity and the ability of the specie. It is used as a herbal medicine.It also focuses to the expansion of the amount of solution but quality must dominate than quantity. This study is capable of helping the people in terms of pollution in regard to the transportation machines. In a way of deriving the use of this plant into a biofuel.

Statement of the Problem

General Objective:
This study aimed to answer this general problem. A. Do tuba-tuba (Jatropha Curcas) Leaves extract and distilled fuel mixture can be a good fuel?

Specific Objective:
Specifically it seeks to answer the following questions. A. Do the color and odor of the biofuel changes? B. Does the extract can expand the capacity to produce fire?

Significance of the Study

It is the improvement of the fuel into an environmental fuel that cannot destroy the nature. It can help conserve the energy igniting the use of the fuel in houeshold and domestic areas. The smell is not irritable compared to other plants that reflects to its composition. The color is pleasant and it can lessen the impact of air pollution.

Scope and Limitation

This study is only limited to the leaves of the said plant in which the researcher extracts the fluid inside the leaves through decoction or boiling within 15 minutes.It concentrates only on the quality of the said plant and solution such as smell, color and other environmental aspects and components of the plant.

Definition of Terms
Jatropha curcas- It is resistant to a high degree of aridity. It has a high quality to produce a fuel or diesel. A poisonous shrub. Distilled fuel-A material that is burnt or altered to obtain energy. It releases energy through chemical means such as combustion, nuclear fusion or fission.

Biofuel-It is defined as solid liquid or gas or derived from biomass. It can be used directly heating or power. Mixture-It is a substance made by two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs.

Review of Related Literature

Fuels are used today as energy sources fall into two general categories. these are fossil that comes from the origin of photosynthesis and nuclear fuel that comes from solar energy. Synthetic fuels are gaseous and liquid fuels produced by the conversion of others. less-desirably organic materials. They can be derived from oil shake. tar sands, coal and biomass source. Indirect process in which coal is converted to a synthesis gas( a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) to produce such as gasoline ,diesel and methanol. Direct process in which at high temperature and pressure converting it into a liquid that can be refine into conventional fuel. Biofuel can be broadly defined as solid liquid or gas or derived from biomass and gas fuel substance. it can be used directly for heating or power. It can be produce from any carbon source that can be replenished rapidly particularly to the plants. Jatropha curcas can be processed to produce a high quality fuel .Cultivation is uncomplicated. It can grow in wastelands and saline soils. It is not yet properly domesticated and, as a result, its productivity is variable, and the long-term impact of its large-scale use on soil quality and the environment is unknown. It is considered a means of reducing greenhouse emissions and increasing energy security and because of that it releases of nitrous oxide emissions in the production of biofuels that they contribute more to global warming than fossil fuels.

Methodology
Materials/Equipments:
A. B. C. D. E. 500g. tuba-tuba leaves 150ml. of kerosene 350ml. of extract of tuba-tuba Water Grinder F. G. H. I. Weighing scale Mixer Match Pot/Container

Procedures:
A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. Gathering of the materials needed. Weighing of the tuba-tuba leaves into 500g using the weighing scale. Getting of 150ml of kerosene into a container. Grinding of the 500g leaves of the said plant. Boiling of the tuba-tuba leaves into the pot within 15 minutes with 400ml of water. Preparing and washing the pot for the mixing process. Putting the extract of tuba-tuba and the 150ml of kerosene into the pot. Boiling of the two substances within 15 minutes and wait until it get dark or dim. Putting the solution into a container and wait until it gets cold. Measuring the solution according to the amount on each set-ups from A to E. Testing and lighting with the use of match into a lamp from A to E. Observing the set-ups according to its smell, color of the fire and the length of time that is being consumed.

Results and Discussion

Table 1.1
SET-UPS (ml) Tuba-tuba A. 50/50 B. 60/40 C. 70/30 COLOR (Fire) RED RED ORANGE ORANGE SMELL (Fire) PUNGENT ODOR SLIGHT SLIGHT EXTREME

D. 80/20 E. 90/10

PALE ORANGE YELLOW ORANGE

EXTREME EXTREME

The table 1.1 shows the results of the property of color and smell in different variations using 100% basis in taking up the samples or set-ups from A to E. In

column of color, orange is in common and it differs only in some amount and on the column of smell, extreme is in common but also differs only in some

amount. In set-up A, 50 / 50 is the most feasible result among the 5 set-ups that were conducted for the experiment in both color and smell.

Table 1.2
SET-UPS (SOLUTION) A B C D E LENGTH OF TIME (FIRE) Min/Sec 2:39 2:25 2:10 1:56 1:34

The table 1.2 shows the quantitative result which is the length of time of the fire burning from the solution. The results were on its appropriate amount, from highest to lowest. In set-up a shows the longest time.

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion
I therefore conclude that the set-up a is the most feasible one in making an alternative fuel out of tuba-tuba leaves extract also known as Jatropha curcas and distilled fuel. It has been proven by the results in chapter four which carries the property of smell, color, and the length of time on burning.

Recommendation
This study is not yet fully verified and tested, so, I want to recommend to the following researchers to improve the experimental design and with its results and further explanations about Jatropha curcas and kerosene.