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0 out of 1 points At the time Masters and Johnson did their groundbreaking research on sexual responses, society mostly thought that ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: sexuality should be openly discussed sexuality was a relatively forbidden topic
Question 2
1 out of 1 points What is the correct sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: alarm, resistance, exhaustion alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Feedback: Correct. The correct sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome is alarm, resistance, exhaustion. Question 3 0 out of 1 points A person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, easily annoyed, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger is said to be exhibiting a ________ personality. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 4 Type B Type A
0 out of 1 points A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment is known as ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: intrinsic motivation extrinsic motivation
Question 5
0 out of 1 points ________ is the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Distress Eustress
Feedback: Incorrect. Distress results from unpleasant events. Question 6 0 out of 1 points Refusing to acknowledge a threatening situation is a defense mechanism called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 7 repression denial
0 out of 1 points ________ is a disorder in which the person either prefers to, or must, achieve sexual arousal and fulfillment through sexual behavior that is unusual or not socially acceptable. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Traditional value erectile dysfunction Paraphilia
Question 8
0 out of 1 points People who exert less effort on a task when working in a group than they do when working individually are engaging in ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: groupthink social loafing
Question 9
0 out of 1 points In the section "Three Types of Needs," which of the following was not discussed? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: power sex
Question 10
0 out of 1 points Each of the following is a symptom of bulimia EXCEPT ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: recurrent episodes of binge eating refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimal normal weight for age and height
Question 11
1 out of 1 points People living under stressful conditions tend to get sick more often than they would otherwise. How do researchers in psychoneuroimmunology explain this phenomenon? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: The stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases. The stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases.
Feedback: Correct. Researchers in psychoneuroimmunology believe that the stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases. Question 12 0 out of 1 points Which of the following is the most stressful of all conflicts, causing many people to go back and forth between one decision and the other, or be unable to decide for or against the event? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: incompatible demands approach-avoidance
Feedback: Incorrect. An approach-approach conflict is the least stressful of all conflicts since both choices have only positive attributes. Question 13 1 out of 1 points The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: motivation motivation
Feedback: Correct. Motivation is defined as the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met.
Question 14
1 out of 1 points Mia is 15 years old and at a stage in her life where she is considering having sex for the first time. She comes to meet with you since you are a school nurse and she wants to find out how to protect herself from pregnancy and disease. What advice would you want to give her based on research? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Risks for contracting STDs are reduced if you use condoms and have monogamous sex with an uninfected partner. Risks for contracting STDs are reduced if you use condoms and have monogamous sex with an uninfected partner.
Feedback: Correct. Research suggests that this is an option that might be helpful in reducing risks. Question 15 The highest rate of obesity in the world is found in ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: the United States the United States 1 out of 1 points
Feedback: Correct. The highest rate of obesity in the world is found in the United States. Question 16 Events that cause a stress reaction are referred to as ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 17 hassles stressors 0 out of 1 points
1 out of 1 points Anna Nicole weighed about 125 pounds most of her adult life. However, it seemed like whenever Anna Nicole gained weight it was easy to lose and get back to 125. But when she wanted to go below 125 it took forever, and even the slightest deviation from her diet got her back to 125. What explanation would you give Anna Nicole? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Her weight, 125, is her set point. Leave it alone. Her weight, 125, is her set point. Leave it alone.
Feedback: Correct. The set point is the level of weight the body maintains. Question 18 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: a state of tension that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to the his or her attitude a state of tension that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to the his or her attitude
Feedback: Correct. Cognitive dissonance is a state of tension that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to the person's attitude. Question 19 1 out of 1 points Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S. Army's slogan "Be all that you can be"?
self-actualization self-actualization
Feedback: Correct. Being all that you can be is part of the definition of selfactualization. Question 20 0 out of 1 points Which of these is the correct sequence of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from the lowest to the highest? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 21 ________ occurs when people experience unpleasant stressors. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Distress Distress safety, physiological, esteem, belongingness/love, selfactualization physiological, safety, belongingness/love, esteem, selfactualization 1 out of 1 points
Feedback: Correct. Distress occurs when people experience unpleasant stressors. Question 22 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements correctly describes the rate of PTSD among combat-exposed military personnel since 2001? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: The rate of PTSD has tripled since 2001 The rate of PTSD has tripled since 2001
Feedback: Correct. PTSD is increasing over the past several years and there is no indication that PTSD is going away soon. Question 23 1 out of 1 points An urgent demand or expectation for our behavior that comes from an outside source is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: pressure pressure
Feedback: Correct. An urgent demand or expectation for our behavior that comes from an outside source is called pressure. Question 24 0 out of 1 points A response, either positive or negative, toward a certain person, idea, object, or situation is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: conformity an attitude
Feedback: Incorrect. Conformity is indirect compliance due to group pressure. Question 25 0 out of 1 points What is the correct sequence of events in emotional response according to the Cannon-Bard theory?
physiological changes stimulus emotion stimulus emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous)
Feedback: Incorrect. James and Lange theorized that physiological changes cause the emotion. Question 26 0 out of 1 points Which statement best describes an important finding of Milgram's classic research? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Agreeing to a small request makes it more likely you will agree to a big request. People will easily obey an authority figure and do harm to others.
Feedback: Incorrect. Milgram's study focused on obedience, not conformity. Question 27 0 out of 1 points What is the term for an improvement in performance caused by the perception that others are watching? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 28 social productivity social facilitation
1 out of 1 points Herbie and Irene have been married for almost 55 years. Through it all they have remained committed to each other and have been as close as two people can be. Over the years the passion has waned but they still stayed together. Sternberg would call this type of love ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: companionate companionate
Feedback: Correct. Companionate love has the components of intimacy and commitment but not passion. Question 29 0 out of 1 points In arousal theory, people are said to have a (an) ________ level of tension. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: high optimal
Feedback: Incorrect. In arousal theory, people are said to have a high level of tension. Question 30 1 out of 1 points ________ is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Stress Stress
Feedback: Correct. Stress is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging.
Question 31
0 out of 1 points Hermaphroditus was the Greek god whose name is the root of the term that has been used to describe ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: bisexuality intersexed individuals
Feedback: Incorrect. Homosexuals are not called hermaphrodites unless they are intersexed individuals. Question 32 0 out of 1 points What term refers to helping behavior that is performed voluntarily for the benefit of another person, with no anticipation of reward? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 33 humanitarianism altruism
0 out of 1 points ________ psychology is the field of study devoted to understanding the relationship between physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships and overall health and rates of illness. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Physiological Health
Feedback: Incorrect. Physiological psychology may be interested in these topics, but health psychology explores these relationships from approaches other than the physiological perspective. Question 34 0 out of 1 points Emotion has been defined to have three elements. Please identify which choice below is NOT one of the three elements. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Physical arousal Cognitive dissonance for the exhibited behavior
Feedback: Incorrect. This is exhibited when an emotion is experienced. Question 35 1 out of 1 points Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: the real, imagined, or implied presence of others the real, imagined, or implied presence of others
Feedback: Correct. Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by a group. Question 36 1 out of 1 points Which is the most socially acceptable form of sexual behavior in most cultures? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: heterosexuality heterosexuality
Feedback: Correct. Heterosexuality is the most acceptable form of sexual behavior in most cultures.
Question 37
1 out of 1 points The most extreme form of escape or withdrawal from frustration is ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: suicide suicide
Feedback: Correct. Suicide is the most extreme because it is permanent. Question 38 0 out of 1 points Rashid has just had an orgasm. However, his partner is still excited and wants Rashid to continue his sexual activity. Unfortunately, Rashid has lost his erection. Rashid is probably now in the ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: disruptive period refractory period
Feedback: Incorrect. He is now in the refractory period, during which men cannot achieve erection. Question 39 0 out of 1 points After we have decided that a certain event is a stressor, we must decide how we will deal with it and what resources are available for coping with the stressor. This process is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 40 primary appraisal secondary appraisal
1 out of 1 points You are in the market for a new car. You go from dealer to dealer and find they all follow the same procedure: every salesperson offers you a soda and asks you to take a test drive. Which two psychological techniques are behind the offer of the soda and the test drive? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: norm of reciprocity and foot-in-the-door norm of reciprocity and foot-in-the-door
Feedback: Correct. The soda is an example of the norm of reciprocity, as you are supposed to feel as though you owe the salesperson something in return; the test drive is an example of the foot-in-thedoor technique because you agree to a small request that the salesperson hopes will be followed by an agreement to buy the car. Question 41 0 out of 1 points Unconscious distortions of perception of reality are called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: problem-focused coping strategies psychological defense mechanisms
Feedback: Incorrect. Unconscious distortions of the perception of reality are known as psychological defense mechanisms. Question 42 1 out of 1 points Maria is unconsciously attracted to her best friend, Lydia, but she constantly talks about how much she hates homosexuals. According to Freud's theory of psychological defense mechanisms, Maria is demonstrating ________.
Feedback: Correct. A reaction formation occurs when someone's outward behaviors are the opposite of their underlying thoughts or impulses. Question 43 1 out of 1 points A sexual ________ is a problem with sexual functioning, or the actual physical workings of the sex act. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: dysfunction dysfunction
Feedback: Correct. A sexual dysfunction is a problem with the actual physical workings of the sex act. Question 44 Why do we engage in the stereotyping of people? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 45 to help us perceive people more accurately to reduce the amount of information we need to process 0 out of 1 points
0 out of 1 points Traditional views of gender roles are more likely found in ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: none of these collectivist cultures
Question 46
1 out of 1 points The pursuit of an activity for its own sake is propelled by ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: intrinsic motivation intrinsic motivation
Feedback: Correct. The pursuit of an activity for its own sake is propelled by intrinsic motivation. Question 47 0 out of 1 points The ________ nervous system returns the body to normal, day-to-day functioning after a stressful period. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 48 central parasympathetic
0 out of 1 points Linda's house was flooded in a hurricane. Upon losing her home, she had nightmares, disturbed sleep, and anxiety that lasted about two weeks. Linda most likely suffered from ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: post-traumatic stress disorder acute stress disorder 1 out of 1 points
Question 49
What is the term for the process of developing our first knowledge about another person? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: impression formation impression formation
Feedback: Correct. Impression formation is the term for the process of developing an opinion about another person. Question 50 1 out of 1 points Coping strategies can be either ________ -focused or ________ -focused in nature. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: problem; emotion problem; emotion
Feedback: Correct. Coping strategies can be either problem-focused or emotion-focused. Question 51 0 out of 1 points People who are attempting to become extremely thin by refusing to eat suffer from ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: obesity phobia anorexia nervosa
Feedback: Incorrect. People with bulimia eat but then force themselves to vomit. . Question 52 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is one of the ways in which religion helps people reduce or cope with stress? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Religion can provide a strong social support system. Religion can provide a strong social support system.
Feedback: Correct. Membership in a religious organization assists in not feeling alone with one's struggles. Question 53 AIDS CANNOT be transmitted through ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: breast milk tears 0 out of 1 points
Feedback: Incorrect. AIDS can be transmitted through vaginal fluid. Question 54 0 out of 1 points The practice of behaviors and lifestyle choices that promote both physical and mental health is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 55 health wellness
1 out of 1 points Bill has felt isolated and an "outsider" since coming to college for his freshman year. As a result, he decided to rush a fraternity and was very excited when he
was selected to pledge. According to Maslow, Bill may be attempting to meet the need of ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: belonging belonging
Feedback: Correct. By wanting to be accepted b y others and "fit in" this need would be met for Bill. Question 56 0 out of 1 points Sexual problems that result from physical causes are referred to as ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 57 cellular erectile difficulties organic dysfunctions
1 out of 1 points Expertise, attractiveness, and trustworthiness all relate to which factor of persuasion? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: source source
Feedback: Correct. Attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness are source characteristics, that is, characteristics of the persuader. Question 58 0 out of 1 points Which individual is most likely to experience acculturative stress? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 59 Min-Shek who is leaving home for the first time to attend the state college 100 miles away Oladipo who has moved from Nigeria to the United States
1 out of 1 points Drives that are most strongly influenced by stimuli within the body are called ________ drives. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: primary primary
Feedback: Correct. Primary drives are states of physical tension arising from stimuli in the body, such as the feeling of hunger or thirst. Question 60 1 out of 1 points When children observe their same-sex parents behaving in certain ways and imitate that behavior, a psychologist uses which theory to explain the situation? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: social learning theory social learning theory
Feedback: Correct. Social learning theory deals with observing behavior and imitating behavior. Question 61 0 out of 1 points All of the following terms are used in social identity theory EXCEPT ________.
0 out of 1 points ________ is a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food and water. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Instinct A drive
Feedback: Incorrect. An instinct is not a state of tension. Question 63 0 out of 1 points A person who thrives on stress but lacks the anger and hostility typical of some others who have the Type A personality is said to have a ________ personality. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Type B hardy
Feedback: Incorrect. Type B personality does not thrive on stress. Question 64 0 out of 1 points Voluntarily yielding to social norms, even at the expense of one's own preference, is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 65 obedience conformity
1 out of 1 points When members of a group give priority to the cohesiveness of the group over the facts of a situation, they are engaging in what social psychologists call ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: groupthink groupthink
Feedback: Correct. When members of a group give priority to the cohesiveness of the group over the facts of a situation, they are engaging in groupthink. Question 66 1 out of 1 points A car crash woke John from his afternoon nap. When he looked out his apartment window, he saw several people milling around two smashed cars. He decided not to dial 911 because he assumed someone had already called. John's reaction is an example of ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: the bystander effect the bystander effect
Feedback: Correct. The bystander effect is the phenomenon that occurs when people don't help because they think others will do so. Question 67 1 out of 1 points According to studies, people who are involved in a religion and attend services regularly are more likely to ________.
live longer than do those who do not have religious beliefs live longer than do those who do not have religious beliefs
Feedback: Correct. Some researchers suggest that people with religious commitments live longer than those who have no such beliefs. Question 68 What have twin studies told us about sexual orientation? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 69 They are clear in supporting that sexual orientation is influenced only by genetic factors. Although supporting a genetic influence on sexual orientation, they do not rule out environmental influences as a contributor. 0 out of 1 points
1 out of 1 points One of the most startling implications of Selye's theory is that ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: psychological stress may cause diseases such as ulcers and high blood pressure psychological stress may cause diseases such as ulcers and high blood pressure
Feedback: Correct. Selye believed that psychological stress may cause diseases such as ulcers and high blood pressure. Question 70 0 out of 1 points A ________ is a concept about males or females that assigns various characteristics to them on the basis of nothing more than being male or female. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: gender role gender stereotype
Feedback: Incorrect. A sex role is the assignment of characteristics based on being male or female. A gender stereotype is an assumption as to what a person or group of people is like based only on whether the person or group is male or female. Question 71 The concept of "comfort food" suggests that eating ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: may be influenced by emotional factors may be influenced by emotional factors 1 out of 1 points
Feedback: Correct. Comfort foods are foods that make us feel warm and happy because of past associations we have with them. Question 72 1 out of 1 points The part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, culture, or ethnic group or with gender or other roles in society is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: social identity social identity
Feedback: Correct. Social identity is the part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, culture, or ethnic group or with gender or other roles in society. Question 73 Actions meant to harm or destroy are referred to as ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: aggression aggression 1 out of 1 points
Feedback: Correct. Aggression is action meant to harm or destroy. Question 74 0 out of 1 points For the past six months, Dahlia's job has been extremely stressful, but she doesn't feel that she can quit because she needs the money for tuition. Dahlia has been having chronic headaches and is behind in all of her classes. According to Hans Selye, Dahlia is in the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: resistance exhaustion
Feedback: Incorrect. During the resistance stage, the body uses its resources to fight off the stressor. It is not until the next stage, exhaustion, that bodily resources are so depleted that stress-related diseases, such as chronic headaches, can develop. Question 75 0 out of 1 points "Look, Officer, I didn't see the stop sign back there because the sun was in my eyes." The police officer responds, "You were not paying attention." How would a social psychologist describe this situation? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 76 Both individuals were making situational attributions. The driver was making a situational attribution; the officer was making a dispositional attribution.
0 out of 1 points What do we call biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: drives instincts
Feedback: Incorrect. A drive is an underlying form of motivation that can be physical or learned. Question 77 1 out of 1 points In a(n) ________ conflict, a person must choose between two desirable goals. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: approach-approach approach-approach
Feedback: Correct. Approach-approach conflicts occur when a person must choose between two desirable goals. Question 78 1 out of 1 points Prejudice is a(n) ________, whereas discrimination is a(n) ________.
Feedback: Correct. Prejudice is a thought process, whereas discrimination is an action against a person or group. Question 79 0 out of 1 points Which division of the nervous system is working when we experience emotions? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: central nervous system sympathetic division of the nervous system
Feedback: Incorrect. The sympathetic division of the nervous system is involved in emotions. Question 80 1 out of 1 points Which of the following activities is inconsistent with drive-reduction theory? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: eating when you are not hungry eating when you are not hungry
Feedback: Correct. This behavior contradicts drive-reduction theory because there is no drive to be reduced if you are not hungry. Question 81 0 out of 1 points Many surveys have attempted to determine the number of people who consider themselves to be homosexual and/or the number of people who have had some homosexual experience. It is difficult to arrive at solid figures. The most likely reason is that ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 82 The abbreviation STD stands for ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 83 standard transmission of disease sexually transmitted disease All of these are true. people are reluctant to state that they had homosexual experiences or tendencies due to societal attitudes and discrimination 0 out of 1 points
0 out of 1 points Which statement is the best explanation of the fundamental attribution error? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: We tend to attribute our successes to our own efforts and failures to the shortcomings of others. We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes.
Question 84
1 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT one of the methods that people should use to keep a positive outlook? Selected Answer: scapegoating
Correct Answer:
scapegoating
Feedback: Correct. Scapegoating is an undesirable aggressive technique used by frustrated individuals who displace their anger. Question 85 0 out of 1 points One interesting thing about incentive approaches is that incentives ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 86 exist inside a narrow collection of internal stimuli exist independently of any need or level of arousal
0 out of 1 points In both social facilitation and social impairment, the key factor is ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: task difficulty arousal 0 out of 1 points Which of the following is a myth about suicide? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: People who intend to commit suicide may clear out desks and lockers and settle their finances. People who talk about committing suicide won't actually do itthey just want attention.
Question 87
Question 88
0 out of 1 points A culture's expectation of masculine and feminine behaviors can be defined as ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: gender typing gender roles
Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is gender roles and heterosexuality is not related to cultural expectations. Question 89 0 out of 1 points If gender differences in cognition are decreasing, this is probably due to ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 90 none of these the effects of more equal treatment of men and women in our society
0 out of 1 points Which of the following is the term used to describe unpredictable, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: major life events catastrophes
Feedback: Incorrect. Major life events are important personal events that are both positive and negative, such as marriage, job loss, or the loss of a spouse.