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Understanding Fallacies
Appealing to the fundamental beliefs, biases, and prejudices of an audience to sway opinion
Appeal to Ignorance
A lack of evidence is not evidence.
Persuading audience to accept a claim as true that hasnt been proven false
Persuading audience to accept a claim as false because it hasnt been proven true
Bandwagon
Arguments are not valid just because they are popular.
Appeal to Pity
Appeals to audiences sympathetic feelings to support a claim that should be decided objectively
Red Herring
Raising an irrelevant point to divert audience attention from the original issue
Ad Hominem
Poisoning the Well Godwins Law or the reductio ad Hitlerum Attacking the opponent, rather than the opponents argument
Straw Man
If you have a small business, you didnt build that on your own.
I did my math homework and got sick the next morning; therefore, math makes me sick.
Circular Reasoning
Begging the question
False Dilemma
Oversimplifying a complex issue so that only two choices appear possible
Slippery Slope
Asserting that one action will inevitably lead to other undesirable actions
If New York bans 20 oz. soda sales, all junk food will be next. Eventually, all sugar will be banned or taxed so high we cant afford it.
False Analogy
Comparing two things that are not really similar
Vegetables are healthy because they come from the earth. Poison ivy also comes from the earth, so its really harmless.
Loaded Label
Using terms with positive or negative connotations within a definition to sway an audience
Pharmaceuticals can help the mentally unstable. vs. Drugs are for psychopaths.