1) Port - Cng giao tip

Vi dn qun tr mng chuyn nghip, m hay ng cng giao tip (port) l vic lm thng xuyn thit lp hay ngn cm mt dch v mi no . Bn cnh , vic quan st, theo di hot ng ca h thng thng qua cc port cng l cng vic kh quan trng nhm bo v s an ton cho ton b h tng mng. Tuy nhin, vi ngi dng gia nh nht l nhng ngi mi lm quen vi mi trng mng - vic kim sot cc port gn nh th ca, hay ni c th l mc nh trn router nh th no th ngi dng nguyn th (d hu ht router thng ng hoc n tt c port, nhng cng c vi router m cc port thng dng nh 21 dng cho tnh nng ftp, 23 cho telnet). C th khng nh, iu ny tim n nhiu nguy c, nh b ngi ngoi xm nhp h thng bt hp php khai thc thng tin, ph hoi... Vy lm th no bit c router/my ch ca bn ang m, ng hay n port giao tip no, cng nh lm th no m ng port cn thit khi mun trin khai ng dng mi? Trong giao thc TCP v UDP, port l s nguyn 16 bit c chn vo phn u (header) ca mi gi tin. Chng hn, pha ngi dng (client) c th yu cu mt my ch no trn Internet cung cp dch v chia s tp tin (file) qua my ch FTP. p ng yu cu ny, lp phn mm TCP trn my ca bn phi nhn din c port s 21 (ng k sn cho dch v FTP) trong s cc port 16 bit s nguyn c ghp theo gi tin yu cu ca bn. Ti my ch, lp TCP s c port 21 v chuyn tip yu cu n my ch FTP. Hay ni cch khc, vi mt a ch IP, chng ta ch c th xc nh c mt my tnh duy nht trn mng, tuy nhin khi mt my tnh chy nhiu dch v khc nhau th chng phi c phn bit bi khi nim port. V d, my ch A (Server A) c dch v web, DNS v FTP server, c a ch IP l 210.245.126.14. Cc my tnh khc khi mun n Server A th cn n a ch IP (hay tn min), nhng phn bit dch v l web, DNS hay FTP, cn xc nh thm port. Chng hn, khi my B mun truy nhp dch v web trn server A, trong gi tin gi i, IP ch s l 210.245.126.14 v port ch s l 80. Cng lc c my C truy nhp n dch v DNS trn server A th trong gi tin IP gi i, IP ch vn l 210.245.126.14 nhng port ch s l 53. Tng t, my D truy cp n dch v FTP trn server A, IP ch s l 210.245.126.14 v port l 21. Thng thng cc ng dng thng n cc port ny gim tnh phc tp ca giao thc TCP/IP. C tt c 65535 cng (port) v c chia thnh 3 on: Well Known Port (WKP), Registered Port (RP) v Dynamic/Private Port (D/PP). WKP gm cc port t 0 n 1023 v c gi cho cc ng dng ph bin nh web (port 80), mail (port 25), ftp (port 21)... RP gm cc port t 1024 n 49151. Cn D/PP l cc port t 49152 n 65535. IANA qui nh WKP v RP phi c ng k vi IANA (iana.org) trc khi s dng. Cng ph bin (Well Known Port 0-1023) Trong tm t 0-1023, hu ht cc port c ng k, tham kho ti iana.org/assignments/port-numbers. Trong , ni bt c cc port ph bin c lit k theo danh sch bn di. Vi mng c nhn, mun trin khai c cc dch v, chng

hn web server, ftp server... h thng ca bn phi m cc port tng ng. ng vi mi thit b nh tuyn (router) ca tng hng, bn s c cch m port khc nhau. d dng m cc port cng nh hng dn chi tit trn tng router, bn c th vo trang portforward.com tm ng router ang c. Trang web ny lun cp nht danh sch router mi nht ca nhiu hng. Mt iu cn lu trc khi m port l bn nn kim tra li h thng m sn cng ny cha bng cch vo trang www.grc.com (nh tt firewall trn Windows) hoc dng lnh netstat -an bit my ca bn ang s dng v "lng nghe" nhng port no. Danh sch cc port thng dng 20TCPFile Transfer - FTP data21TCPFile Transfer - FTP control22TCP/UDPSSH Remote Login Protocol/ pcAnywhere23TCPTelnet25TCPSimple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)38TCP UDPRoute Access Protocol (RAP)42UDPHost Name Server - Microsoft WINS45TCPMessage Processing Module (receive)46TCPMessage Processing Module (send)50TCP UDPRemote Mail Checking Protocol (RMCP)66TCP UDPOracle SQL*NET69TCP UDPTrivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)88TCP UDPKerberos Network Authentication Service101TCP UDPNetwork Information Center (NIC) Hostname Server110TCP UDPPost Office Protocol (POP) Version 3118TCP UDPSQL Services119TCP UDPNetwork News Transfer Protocol130TCP UDPCisco FNATIVE143TCP UDPInternet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) Mail Server161TCP UDPSNMP211TCP UDPTexas Instruments 914C/G Terminal280TCP UDPhttpmgmt314TCP UDPOpalis Robot333TCP UDPTexar Security Port742TCP UDPNetwork Revision Control System747TCP UDPFujitsu Device Control749TCP UDPKerberos Administration767TCP UDPPhonebook777TCP UDPMultiling HTTP800TCP UDPMDBS Daemon, Remotely Possible (Remote Control)989TCP UDPFTP Data Over TLS/SSL990TCP UDPFTP Control Over TLS/SSL991TCP UDPNetnews Administration System992TCP UDPSecure Telnet (over TLS/SSL)993TCP UDPSecure IMAP4 (over TLS/SSL)994TCP UDPSecure IRC (over TLS/SSL)995TCP UDPSecure POP3 (over TLS/SSL)996TCPVsinet / Central Point Software Xtree License Server Cng ng k (Registered port: 102449151) Cc cng TCP v UDP c s t 1024 n 49151 c gi l cc cng ng k (registered ports). IANA qun l danh sch cc dch v s dng cc port trong tm s ny gim thiu vic s dng trng nhau. Khng ging nhu cc port c s thp hn (0-1023), nhng nh pht trin dch v TCP/UDP mi c th chn mt s mi ng k vi IANA thay v dng trng s ng k. Cng ng/Cng ring (Dynamic/ Private Port: 4915265535) Cc cng TCP v UDP c s bt u t 49152 n 65535 c gi l port ng (dynamic port), port ring (private port) hay port tm (ephemeral port). IANA khng qun l Dynamic port cng nh khng gii hn vic s dng ca ngi dng. Cc dch v c th chn mt hoc vi port ngu nhin min ph trong tm s ny khi cn truyn trn nhiu socket. Khi nim ng dng port Hy tng tng, my tnh ging nh ngi nh ca bn v port s ng vai tr ca ra vo. Bn mun mi mt ngi no vo nh th bn phi ch cho h bit cn i vo t

li no (a ch nh), ri phi m sn ca n khch. Do , vi my tnh, bn phi cho bit my ch (server) ca mnh ang i khch (lng nghe) port no, t my khch bit v gi yu cu n ng port tng ng. Router trong m hnh nh hnh minh ha bn di s gi vai tr nh ngi gc cng, c nhim v m cc port dch v trong mng.

Hnh 1: M hnh ng dng port Quan st

Hnh 2: Trng thi ca tt c cc port quan st router/server ang m/ng hay n port no, bn c th chn mt trong cc cch kim tra sau. Lu , khi kim tra, bn phi tt tnh nng/dch v Firewall trn HH Windows. D nht, bn vo trang web www.grc.com, nhn vo ShieldsUP!, tip tc chn ShieldsUP!> Process> All Service Ports (chn qut tt c cc port). i khong vi giy (nhanh chm ty thuc vo tc Internet), ShieldUP s hin ra bng thng bo trng thi ca 1056 port u tin (Hnh 2). Theo hnh trn, bn s xc nh c trng thi ca cc port thng qua mu sc: l port ang m (Open), xanh dng l ng (Closed) v xanh l cy l n (Stealth). bit s ca port ang m port , bn c th m theo hng ngang (t tri qua phi, t trn xung di), nhng d nht l r chut vo , chng hn ti mu hng s 2 (hnh 3) bn s bit c h thng ang m cng 53 cho dch v tn min (DNS) Hay xem nhanh kt qu, bn nhn vo Text Summary. Bng ny s tng kt c bao nhiu port ang m/ng/n v s hiu ca port ...

Hnh 3: Xc nh v tr cng ang m n gin hn, bn vo http://www.canyouseeme.org v g s port cn kim tra, i giy lt xem thng bo. lit k tt c port vo/ra trn my tnh s dng HH Windows, bn nhn Start.Run v

g vo lnh netstat -an (lit k tt c port m my ang kt ni hay lng nghe, a ch dng IP) bit my tnh ca bn ang s dng v lng nghe nhng port no.

Hnh 4: Kt qu kim tra cho thy port 21 ang m

Hnh 5: Kt qu sau khi g lnh netstat an trn cmd Ngoi ra, bn cn c th ci t phn mm Atelier Web Security Port Scanner, Active Ports, CurrPorts, Free Port Scanner v2.0... thc hin vic kim tra trng thi ca cc port trn h thng. M port Thc t, router cho m tt c port (cho php LAN kt ni ra WAN theo bt k port no, v ngc li). Tuy nhin vic ny kh nguy him v virus dng trojan trong LAN c th to v m ca hu (backdoor), t lm bn p tn cng v chim quyn iu khin my tnh v ton b h thng mng ca bn. Nu m dch v (m mt s port no ) cho bn ngoi (Internet) truy cp vo th h thng ca bn phi c c ch bo mt hp l bo m an ton cho h thng.

Hnh 6: M port 8080 cho dch v web trn my c a ch 192.168.1.10 m port cho router, u tin phi bit a ch IP mc nh ca thit b (thng l 192.168.1.1 hay 192.168.0.1), sau , bn g a ch (chng hn 192.168.1.1) vo thanh Address trong trnh duyt, ng nhp vo router (ti khon ng nhp cng xem trong ti liu hng dn). m cng (Open port), bn vo mc NAT.Open ports (Hnh 6). 2) DVI - Giao tip tn hiu video s

c t k thut ca DVI (Digital Video Interface) do DDWG (Digital Display Working Group) pht trin nhm cung cp tn hiu hnh nh analog v digital cho mn hnh trn mt kt ni duy nht. Kiu giao tip ph bin nht hin nay l gia mn hnh LCD v card ha loi mi. y l ng giao tip th 2 hoc thay th chun Plug & Display trc y. DVI ngy cng c s dng ph bin hn cc hng sn xut card ha v mn hnh LCD. Cho n nay card ha v LCD thng h tr 2 ng giao tip l DVI v VGA (ng D-Sub) v trong cc thit b cao cp cn c thm ng HDMI. Ngoi vic s dng nh chun giao tip trn my tnh, DVI cn l la chn trong vic truyn cc tn hiu s cho HDTV (High Definition TV), EDTV (Enhanced Definition TV), mn hnh Plasma v mt s thit b cao cp dnh cho TV, u DVD. Tng t, vi u c DVD cng trang b ng DVI bn cnh ng Component. Xut hin trn th trng cha bao lu, DVI li c mt i th cnh tranh mi, l HDMI ng giao tip s cao cp cho c hnh nh v m thanh. Tuy nhin, v qu ph bin cng nh gi thnh thp nn n nay DVI vn cn nhiu ngi a chung. Hin c 3 loi u ni DVI: DVI-Digital (DVI-D), DVI-Analog (DVI-A) v DVI-Integrated (Digital & Analog hay cn gi l DVI-I) DVI-D nh digital trung thc Cp DVI-D c dng ni trc tip gia ngun video (card mn hnh) v mn hnh LCD (hay rt him vi mn hnh CRT). u im ca ng giao tip ny l thi gian p ng nhanh, cht lng hnh nh tt hn so vi ng VGA analog (tng t). Tt c cc card ha u xut ra tn hiu video s sau mi c chuyn i thnh tng t xut qua ng VGA. Tn hiu tng t di chuyn qua mn hnh v c chuyn li thnh tn hiu s (digital). DVI-D loi b giai on chuyn i tn hiu tng t do cht lng hnh nh c ci tin ng k. DVI-A nh analog phn gii cao Cp DVI-A dng kt ni n mn hnh analog, chng hn mn hnh CRT hay LCD gi thnh thp. DVI-A dng ph bin cho thit b h tr ng VGA v DVI-A v VGA tng t nhau. DVI-A c th gy tht thot tn hiu trong qu trnh chuyn i t s sang tng t, v th tn hiu s lun c khuyn dng. DVI-I Tt cho c hai Cp tch hp tn hiu digital v analog DVI-I va c kh nng truyn tn hiu s-s (digital to digital) va c kh nng truyn tn hiu tng t- tng t (analog to analog). iu ny to nn s linh hot cho ngi dng trong tng tnh hung. Tt nhin DVI-D v DVI-A

khng giao tip trc tip vi nhau c. kt ni tn hiu tng t n mn hnh s, bn cn c u chuyn t VGA sang DVI-D hay DVI-A v ngc li. Single-Link v Dual-Link nh dng s c trang b sn trn u ni DVI-D Single-Link v Dual-Link cng nh DVI-I Single-Link v Dual-Link. Cp DVI gi thng tin bng cch s dng tn hiu s c gi l TMDS (Transition Minimized Differential Signaling). Cp Single-Link dng mt b pht TMDS 165MHz, cn Dual-Link dng 2. Do DVI Dual-Link c cng sut pht gp i Single-Link nn tc v cht lng hnh nh cng tng gp i. Chng hn, mn hnh LCD c ng DVI Single-Link 60Hz c th hin th phn gii 1920x1200, DVI Dual-Link l 2560x1600. Chiu di ti a ca cp DVI Theo c t k thut, tt c cc loi cp DVI phi m bo tn hiu trong khong cch 5 mt. Nhng nhiu hng sn xut card ha c tc x l mnh hn i hi mn hnh ln hn nn khong cch ti a c th khng chnh xc. D ch h tr tt trong phm vi 5 mt, nhng trong nhng trng hp cn thit, bn vn c th dng cp di hn bng cch dng thm b DVI Inline Repeater & Booster tng tn hiu. Cng nn lu rng, khi dng cp DVI-D m rng khong cch, c th bn s gp trng hp tn hiu hnh nh khng r rng. Do tn hiu tng t truyn tc chm nn mn hnh t chuyn sang tn hiu s s yu hn. V l do ny, vic ko di cp ch nn thc hin vi VGA (ng tng t) hay HDMI (ng s). Nu khng c la chn khc ngoi DVI, bn nn chn ng DVI-D t cht lng hin th tt hn. Cch nhn dng cp DVI

DVI-D Single-LinkDVI-ADVI-I Single-LinkDigital AnalogDigital & Analog

2 khi 9 chn (pin) v mt thanh ngang mt khi 8 v 4 pin cng vi khi 4 pin bao quanh thanh ngang2 khi 9 chn cng vi khi 4 pin quanh thanh ngangDVI-D Dual-Link DVI-I Dual-LinkDigital Digital & Analog

Ba hng 8 pin v mt thanh ngang 3 hng 8 pin v khi 4 pin quanh thanh ngang 3) Cng USB

USB (Universal Serial Bus) l chun kt ni giao tip gia my tnh c nhn v cc thit b in t dn dng. Cng USB cho php cc thit b in t dng cp kt ni n my tnh. USB cho php truyn d liu gia cc thit b, ng thi cng l cng cung cp ngun qua cp cho cc thit b m khng cn n ngun ring cho chng. USB c pht trin bi mt nhm gm cc thnh vin "go ci" nh Intel, Compaq, Microsoft, Digital, IBM, Northern Telecom v c chnh thc cp chng nhn vo u nm 1996. USB c th h tr cho hn 127 loi thit b ngoi vi khc nhau vi tc tng dn: 1,5Mbps (USB u tin), 12Mbps (USB 1.0), 480Mbps (USB 2.0) v 500Mbps (USB 3.0 sp xut hin). USB c th dng thay th cc cng giao tip ni tip (series) v song song (parallel). Bn cnh , USB cn kt ni n cc thit b ngoi vi trn my tnh nh chut, bn phm, PDA, thit b chi game (gamepad, joystick), my qut, my nh s, my in, thit b nghe nhc, bt lu tr v rt nhiu thit b gn ngoi khc. Cc loi u ni USB

USB-A v USB-B

Nhiu thit b c sn u ni "A" hoc "B" Trong , u ni "A" (USB-A) lp vo my tnh (upstream) cn u ni "B" (USB-B) ni vo cc thit b c nhn (downstream). Vi 2 loi u ni khc nhau, gip bn d dng phn bit chng. Ngoi USB-A v USB-B cn c Micro-A v Standard-A cng tun theo cc chi tit k thut ca USB kt hp vi cc u ni khng theo chun. Mini v micro

Hai loi u ni loi ny thng dnh cho cc thit b nh nh PDA, in thoi di ng hay my nh s. Cc u ni chun nh Mini-B, Micro-A, Micro-B v u ni c chun ha Mini-A. Chn cm Mini-A v Mini-B c kch thc khong 3x7mm cn chn cm Micro c chiu rng bng loi Mini nhng mng ch bng na, do chng thng tch hp vo cc thit b cm tay mng hn. Ngoi tr trng hp c bit chuyn t chun sang Mini-A v chun-Micro-B, mt si cp USB lun c u A v B kt ni n cc ng cm (socket) tng ng. Tt c cc socket ny tr thnh cc phin bn chun, mini v micro. USB On-The-Go (OTG) h tr cc loi socket khc nhau nh: AB, Mini v Micro. N c th chp nhn u ni A v B. Phn mm OTG pht hin s khc nhau bng cch dng ID pin (chn tip t trn u ni A). Khi u ni A kt ni n socket AB, cc socket s cung cp ngun VBUS cho cp v bt u thc hin nhim v. Khi u ni B c s dng, socket dng ngun VBUS v bt u giao tip vi thit b ngoi vi. OTG cho php c hai bng cch dng phn mm chuyn khi cn. Cc phin bn USB

USB 1.0 c trnh lng vo nm 1994, c tc 12Mbps, gip thay th nhiu cng kt ni trn my tnh c nhn. USB 2.0 ra mt vo nm 2000 v c USB-IF (USB Implementers Forum) chun ha vo cui nm 2001. Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Lucent Technologies (nay l Alcatel-Lucent sau khi sp nhp vi Alcatel nm 2006), Microsoft, NEC v Philips cng pht trin ln mc tc cao hn, 480Mbps. USB 3.0 c Promoter Group cng b vo 2008, c tc nhanh gp 10 ln USB 2.0, 5Gbps - SuperSpeed USB. Sn phm chnh thc s ra mt vo nm nay hoc 2010. Chiu di cp Chiu di cp ti a ca USB 1.1 l 3m v USB 2.0 l 5m. S hub ni tip ti a l 5 v s thit b kt ni ti a l 127. USB 3.0 cha a ra tiu chun chiu di cp, tuy nhin theo electronicdesign.com c on, chiu di cp ti a cho chun ny cng s gii hn trong khong cch 30m tc ti u nht. Kh nng cp ngun PinTnMu cpM t1VCCRed+5V2DWhiteData 3D+GreenData +4GNDBlackGround USB cung cp ngun trong khong 5,25V- 4,75 V (5 V5%). Mt n v ti (1 unit) l 100mA trn USB 2.0 v 150mA trn USB 3.0. USB 2.0 h tr ti a 5 unit (500 mA) v USB 3.0 l 6 unit (900 mA). C hai loi thit b: ngun thp (low-power) v ngun cao (high-power). Cc thit b low-power cung cp 1 unit v cp ngun ti thiu l 4,4V i vi USB 2.0 v 4V i vi USB 3.0. Cc thit b high-power devices cung cp s unit ti a. ch mc nh, tt c cc thit b u low-power nhng phn mm i km thit b c th yu cu cung cp high-power min l c ngun sn trn bus. 4) IEEE 1394 - Giao tip media tc cao

c Apple Inc. cng b vo nm 1995 c tc 400Mbps3200Mbps v h tr 63 loi thit b khc nhau. FireWire l tn do Apple Inc. t cho cng giao tip IEEE 1394 High Speed Serial Bus v pht trin bi IEEE P1394 Working Group. Bn cnh s ng gp ch yu ca Apple cn c s tham gia ca cc k s t Texas Instruments, Sony, Digital Equipment Corporation, IBM v INMOS/SGS Thomson (hin nay l STMicroelectronics). Cng giao tip IEEE 1394 l chun giao tip ni tip (serial bus) cho tc cao v truyn d liu thi gian thc c s dng trn my tnh c nhn cng nh thit b m thanh s, video s, my mc t ng v cc ng dng thuc lnh vc hng khng. Cng giao tip ny cn c mt vi tn gi khc: FireWire (Apple), i.LINK (Sony) v Lynx (Texas Instruments). IEEE 1394 thay th giao tip song song SCSI trong nhiu ng dng do chi ph thp hn, lp t n gin hn. Vi tc truyn dn cao v n nh, IEEE 1394 thch hp cho vic bin tp, chuyn i video vn i hi ng truyn bng thng cao. FireWire cho php cc thit b ni ngang hng (peer-to-peer) vi nhau; chng hn, bn c th giao tip gia my qut, my in... khng s dng thm b nh hay b x l. Cng giao tip ny cng c thit k h tr "cm v chy" (UPnP) v cm nng. Cp FireWire thng c chiu di khong 4,5m v linh ng hn cp Parallel SCSI. Cp FireWire thng c 6 chn (6-circuit) hay 9 chn v c th cung cp cng sut 45W/cng vi in p 30V cho cc thit b c mc tiu th in nng va phi (khng cn cm thm ngun bn ngoi). Cc chun v phin bn Cc chun trc y v 3 phin bn cng b gi hp nht thnh chun IEEE 13942008. Sau y l cc tnh nng ring c b sung vo trong tng giai on pht trin ca sn phm. FireWire 400 (IEEE 1394-1995)

Loi u ni 4 chn (tri) v 6 chn (phi) ca FireWire 400

Phin bn IEEE 1394-1995 u tin l FireWire 400. Cng giao Loi u ni 4 chn (tri) v 6 chn (phi) ca FireWire 400 Phin bn IEEE 1394-1995 u tin l FireWire 400. Cng giao tip ny c th truyn d liu gia cc thit b vi tc 100Mbps, 200Mbps hay 400Mbps (thc t l 98,304Mbps, 196,608Mbps v 393,216Mbps). Vi cc tc truyn khc nhau, FireWire c gi

tng ng l S100, S200 v S400. Chiu di ca cp cng gii hn trong khong cch 4,5m v c th h tr n 16 cp kt ni theo m hnh "daisy chain" dng cc b lp ng; hub gn ngoi hay hub gn trong thng c mt trong cc thit b FireWire. Chun S400 gii hn chiu di cp ti a l 72m. u ni 6 chn thng thy trn my tnh bn v c th cung cp ngun cho cc thit b khc. FireWire ci tin (IEEE 1394a-2000) IEEE 1394a c cng b nm 2000 vi cc ci tin v lc li cc tnh nng ca phin bn gc. IEEE 1394a h tr thm kh nng bt ng b, bus nhanh hn, ghp ni cc gi tin v ch tit kim in nng. 1394a cng l chun u ni 4 chn c Sony pht trin v c s dng rng ri trn cc thit b nh my quay s, my tnh xch tay v mt s thit b khc. u ni 4 chn c kh nng tng thch vi 6 chn nhng ngun cung cp yu hn. FireWire 800 (IEEE 1394b-2002)

u ni FireWire 9 chn

FireWire 800 (1394b) hay "S800 bilingual" cho php truyn vi tc 786Mbps hay 432Mbps (tng ng 800Mbps) song cng qua ch m ha mi (beta-mode). FireWire 800 c kh nng tng thch ngc vi thit b c tc chm hn nh u ni 6 chn ca FireWire 400. Tuy nhin, ch chun IEEE 1394a v IEEE 1394b l tng thch nhau cn u ni FireWire 800 (phin bn beta) khc vi u ni FireWire 400 th khng tng thch. c t k thut y ca IEEE 1394b h tr tc ln n 3200Mbps trn u ni beta hay cp quang vi chiu di 100m. FireWire S1600 v S3200 Cui nm 2007, 1394 Trade Association thng bo cc sn phm FireWire S1600, S3200 s c mt trn th trng trc nm 2008 (c nh ngha trong 1394b v tng lai l IEEE Std. 1394-2008). Cc thit b 1,6Gbps v 3,2Gbps s dng u 9 chn ging FireWire 800 s tng thch vi cc thit b S400 v S800. y l cng giao tip c th cnh tranh vi USB 3.0 sp ra mt. FireWire S800T (IEEE 1394c-2006)

Cp 1394c c th thay th cp Ethernet

FireWire S800T (IEEE 1394c-2006) c cng b vo thng 6/2007. Ci tin chnh ca FireWire S800T l c tc ln n 800Mbps qua u ni 8P8C (RJ-45) ca cp CAT 5e da trn IEEE 802.3 clause 40, v kh nng t ng chuyn i cho php mt port c th kt ni n thit b IEEE Std 1394 hay IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet). Mng qua FireWire FireWire c th c s dng cho mng my tnh m hnh ad-hoc (ch cc thit b u cui, khng cn router s dng hub FireWire). c bit, RFC 2734 qui nh cch lm vic trn IPv4 qua giao tip FireWire v RFC 3146 trn IPv6. Mac OS X, Linux, FreeBSD, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP v Windows Server 2003 u h tr kt ni mng qua FireWire. C th thit lp mt mng gia 2 my tnh bng cch s dng mt si cp chun FireWire hay nhiu my tnh qua hub. iu ny c ngha l tng t mng Ethernet vi im khc bit chnh l tc , chiu di mng v chun cp FireWire s dng truyn im n im. Cui 2004, Microsoft thng bo s khng h tr IP networking qua giao tip FireWire trn tt c cc phin bn ca Microsoft Windows, do d tnh nng ny cng s vng mt trn Windows Vista v Windows Server 2008. 5) HDMI

HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) l ng giao tip vi cc thit b nghe nhn (audio.video) th h mi vi kh nng truyn lung d liu khng nn. S dng n gin, ch cn dng mt si cp HDMI, tt c cc kt ni s c th truyn hnh nh v m thanh cht lng cao. HDMI chnh thc pht hnh vo nm 2003 nhng n nay mi bt u c ng dng rng ri. Cng giao tip ny dn thay th cc loi cp video analog nh ng component, composite hay S-Video tr thnh ng ch lc truyn tn hiu hnh nh v m thanh trong hu ht cc thit b gii tr. u im ca HDMI l cho m thanh hay, hnh nh cht lng cao, loi tr vic gim cht lng khi chuyn i hay nn tn hiu video v audio. Hnh nh pht qua HDMI s bng mt v sc nt do gim nhiu trn cc tn hiu nh. Nhng hin tng nh m hnh, bng ma s khng xut hin, ng thi tng phn v chi tit hnh s tt hn nhiu. m thanh chnh xc v tt hn, hn ch tnh trng m.HDMI ch dng mt ng cp duy nht truyn c tn hiu hnh nh cht lng cao v m thanh a knh.V d nhin, vic s dng cp HDMI s loi b c rt nhiu cp "rng rn" xung quanh cc thit b gii tr. Tn hiu mc nh ca HDMI l s, nn ph hp vi cc thit b c phn gii c nh nh mn hnh LCD/Plasma, my chiu.c bit cp HDMI c th t ng xc nh chnh xc phn gii thc ca mn hnh kt ni. HDMI trang b mt vi tnh nng thng minh gip bn iu khin bt k thit b no kt ni qua HDMI. Ng giao tip ny c th t iu chnh v chn tn hiu ph hp (v d nh 720p hay 1080p, t l 16:9 hay 4:3) cho thit b thay v yu cu ngi dng t thit lp. HDMI h tr c ch bo mt ni dung s HDCP. Cc thit b h tr HDMI hin kh nhiu, ph bin l u DVD, Blu-ray, set-top box, my nh, my quay phim TV, card mn hnh... Cc phin bn ca HDMI Ng giao tip HDMI

u ni HDMI c th h tr cp Single-Link (Type A/C) hay Dual-Link (Type B) v c th t tc t 750Mbps n 10,2Gbps (tng ng 25MHz n 340MHz) cho kt ni Single-Link hay t 750Mbps n 20,4Gbps (tng ng 25MHz n 680MHz) cho DualLink. HDMI h tr 8 knh audio trn mu 16-bit, 20-bit v 24-bit vi tc 32kHz, 44,1kHz, 48kHz, 88,2kHz, 96kHz, 176,4kHz v 192kHz. HDMI cng h tr chun nn audio IEC61937 nh Dolby Digital v DTS vi 8 knh DSD audio one-bit dng trong Super Audio CD (c tc nhanh 4 ln so vi Super Audio CD). Phin bn HDMI mi nht l 1.4 (cha pht hnh). Hin c 5 phin bn chnh ph bin trn cc thit b 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 v 1.3c. HDMI 1.0 Phin bn HDMI u tin pht hnh vo thng 12/2002, h tr bng thng ti a 4,9Gbps (1080p, 60Hz hay UXGA), m thanh 8 knh; gii m hu ht cc phin bn audio gm cc tn hiu DVD v truyn hnh s, trong c Dolby Digital v DTS. HDMI 1.1 Phin bn pht hnh vo thng 5/2004, h tr thm DVD-Audio nn ngi dng c a v u a tng thch loa 5.1 khng cn dng cp RCA tch 6 knh audio. HDMI 1.2/1.2a Phin bn 1.2 chnh thc pht hnh vo thng 8/2005, h tr thm One Bit Audio, s dng trn Super Audio CD (SACD) vi 8 knh. Phin bn ny cng c thm u ni HDMI Type A h tr PC nhng ch vi dy bit mu sRGB. Cn 1.2a pht hnh vo thng 12/2005, h tr y cc tnh nng ch nh ca CEC (Consumer Electronic Control). HDMI 1.3/1.3a/1.3b/1.3c HDMI 1.3 pht hnh vo 6/2006, bng thng c tng ln 340MHz (tng ng 10,2Gbps) h tr cc chun HD mi trong tng lai. Bn cnh , HDMI 1.3 cn h tr tnh nng cho php ty chn Deep Color vi su mu 30-bit, 36-bit v 48-bit xvYCC, sRGB hay YCbCr so vi 24-bit sRGB hay YCbCr trong cc phin bn HDMI trc. Phin bn 1.3 cng h tr Dolby TrueHD v DTS-HD Master Audio gii m tn hiu bng cc thit b thu AV; t ng kt hp cht ch vic ng b audio (Audio video sync); cho php s dng cp CAT 1, CAT2 v c thm u ni mini Type C dnh cho thit b di ng. phin bn tip theo l HDMI 1.3a, c chnh thc cng b vo 11/2006 vi s thay i v Cable v Sink cho Type C. Phin bn 1.3b, 1.3b1 v 1.3c ln lt c gii thiu sau nhng hu khng c thm tnh nng mi so vi 1.3a. HDMI 1.4 c cng b vo thng 5/2009, tuy nhin cha c sn phm thng mi cho chun ny. HDMI 1.4 h tr phn gii ti a n 4Kx2K (xem thm HDMI 1.4 thn tnh ng truyn, ID:A0907_107), thm nhiu chc nng mi s lm bin mt cc kt ni Ethernet cho nhiu loi thit b khc. Thay v cn nhiu cp pha sau TV, chic HDTV s hot ng nh mt hub Internet vi tc 100Mbps v chia s vi nhiu thit b khc nh u Blu-ray, my chi game, set-top box... HDMI 1.4 s h tr nhiu nh dng 3D ti phn gii 1080p.

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