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Synchronous Generator Power and Torque

Design Basic Construction Open & Short Circuit Test

Stand-Alone

Parallel Operation

Power Lim its

Motors Phasor Diagram s Exam ples

Field Winding Sy nchronous Reactance

Arm ature Winding Power & Torque

Power and T orque

Using the simplified generator power flow diagram it can be seen that the difference between mechanical input power and electrical ouput power is the combined rotational loss plus I2R losses. If the field currend is provided by a pilot exciter and synchronous exciter, the power for the rotor I2R losses is supplied from the mechanical system and may be grouped with rotational losses.

Power converted, Pconv is the product of electromagnetic torque and speed

and will equal the power delivered to the armature circuit. Power and torque equations for balanced synchronous generators can then be obtained from analysis of the per-phase equivalent circuit and phasor diagram.

From the above circuit, the electrical output power output from one phase may be written as

For three phases

Similarly, reactive power output is given by

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Synchronous Generator Power and Torque

The electrical input power can be found from either the real part of the product of induced votlage phasor and armature current phasor or the output power plus armature I2R losses:

In large machines, the resistive losses in the machine are small as a percentage of the total power flow. (Note this does not mean they are small, 1.0 percent resistive loss in a 100MW machine is still 1MW losses and cooling must be designed accordingly). If this is the case, for approximate analysis purposes resistive losses can be neglected and input power will equal output power. The phasor diagram is also simplified accordingly:

From the above diagram it can be seen that

and therefore

Using the equation for power conversion, the torque may be written as

Andy Knight

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