Tartaria Magna Научный журнал Тартария Магна №1-2011

Tartar ia
Mag na
S tu d i a Tu r k i ca M o n g o l i ca Ti b et i ca M a n c h u r i ca S i b i r i ca R u s s i ca et c et e r a
1/2 01 1

x v i i
x

xix .
x
:
S t u d i a Tu r k i ca M o n g o l i ca Ti b et i ca M a n c h u r i ca S i b i r i ca R u s s i ca et c et e r a
201 1 201 2

S tu d i a Tu r k i ca M o n g o l i ca Ti b et i ca M a n ch u r i ca S i b i r i ca Ru s s i ca et c et e r a
S tu d i a Tu r k i ca Mo n g o l i ca Ti b et i ca M a n ch u r i ca S i b i r i ca R u s s i ca et c et e r a
1 / 201 1
Th e w o r l d o f
Own and Others
1 / 201 1

Shifting
the frontier
the theme
of issue

Ta rt a r i a M a g n a !
63.3(0)
94(111)
Ta r ta r i a M ag n a , , ,
, , . x v i

, ,
Oceanus Scythicus Mare Glaciale, .
, , , .

. Tartaria Magna ,
,
, . Grand Tartarie
. ,
, -
. Tartaria Magna ,
, , 1771 ,

. , , .
,
. A

w w w.Ta rta r i a- M ag n a . ru
i s s n 2 2 2 4 9 5 59
, 2011
, 2011
- , 2011

..
.-.
..
. .
..
. .
..
1 / 201 1
:

Editor i a l
boa r d
E d i t o r- i n - c h i e f
b o r i s b a z a rov
corresponding member of r a s
16
.
x i x x x
,
da r i m a a m o g o l o n ova
v s e vo l o d b a s h k u e v
b a i r n a n z at ov
pav e l va r n av s k y
n i ko l ay t s y r e m p i l ov
38
.
x i x x x

w w w.Ta r ta r i a- M ag n a . ru
M.

66

86
.
x v i i
-
104

x i x

124
:
,
138
-
(1941 .)

54
S tu d i a Tu r k i ca M o n g o l i ca Ti b et i ca M a n c h u r i ca S i b i r i ca R u s s i ca et c et e r a
1 / 201 1
:
, ,
150
C r e w s , Robert. For Prophet and Tsar. Islam and Empire in Russia and Central
Asia. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006. ISBN 067402164-9.
viiipp+463pp.8 illustrations, 2 Maps, Notes pp375-448, Index pp455-463,
no bibliography, no tables)

154
E lv e r s ko g, Johan. Our Great Qing: The Mongols, Buddhism, and the State in
Late Imperial China. (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2006.
ISBN 978-0-8248-3021-2. xvii+242 pp. (cloth))

156
. . .
(, , 2008.
ISBN 978-5-86793-561-0. 512 .)

158
Wa n g L i x i o n g, Ts e r i n g Sh a k ya . The Struggle for Tibet.

(Verso, 2009. ISBN 978-1-84467-043-7. viiipp+276pp., 1 Map,
Appendix pp271275, no bibliography, no tables)

163
.
. (. . . , . . , - ,
2010. ISBN 978-5-8062-0318-3. 384 .)

(self and
others) .
, , , , , , .
,
,
, ,
, , .
, , , () () , ,
. - :
//,
, ,
, , , -
Tartaria Magna 12011
10
. ,
.
,
,
.
, ( ) .
,
, , ,

,
.
, ,
. , ,
? ? , , ,
, , ?
, , - , .
, . ,
,
, .

.

,
, ,
w w w.Ta rta r i a-M agn a.ru
.
. ,

, , . ,
, .
.
.
,
- ,
.
-
.
,
.
- .,

, , .
,
,
- .

,
, ,
. ,
- .
,

, . ,
, ,
.
11
12

.
,
, , ,
. , -.

. , ,
.
.
, .

.
,
.
, , , .
,
,
. , , ,
.
,
.
, ,
-
, ,
. , ,

x v i i x v i i i ., x i x
.
, -
, , .
, , , ,
,
. , , ,
,
.
. ,
.

, , , , .

.
,
.
, .

, , . . ,
.
:
(
), , , ,

.
, . ,
, 1941 , ,
13
. -
,
,
, . ,
. ,
,
.
,
; ,
, . .

. ,
,
. ,
, , Tartaria Magna / :
. A
,

,
,

Tartaria Magna
/ :

14
15
.. ,
..
.
..

.
, 1914 .

,
, XIX XXI . - ( )
-

- .
- 20092013., No02.740.11.0347
16

xix xx
. . , . .
.
- ,

,
,
.
, x i x ,
.
, ,
,
. , ,
, , ,
,

.1
x i x . ,
, , ,
.
, .
, -
This paper is focused

on the history of Cossack colonization of
Russia. The authors
of the paper describe
the process of this
colonization examining the peculiarities
of adaptation of the
Cossack population
to the new regions of
their settlement: Siberia and the steppe
and revealing the
reasons of displeasure of the Russian
government with the
assimilation effects of
the Cossacks
. .: .,
.
:
, ,
.
., 2007. . 217260
17
..

( ).
., 1884. . 307
..,
..
.
, 1999. . 140

.
, 1995.
. 2. . 1517
18
,
. , - .
,
,
.
, ,
- ,
. ,
,
.. , , ,
[] .1
, .
, ,
.
.

, .
, -.2

,

,
, .
x i x .

,
.
. ,
-.3
. . , . .
, ,
, ,
. , ,
, , ,
. ,
, : , ,
, 1913 . . x i x . :

, ?1
, ,
.2
.
, - .
.

//
.
1878. 1. . 68
(
). . 400.
. 1. . 125. . 117118
,
, , ,

.
1865 . , , ,
, ,
- .
19

, ,
,
. . 400.
. 1. . 120. . 61
..
.
., 2004. . 75
.
.

//
.
1878. 10. . 308

1909 .
// (

). .
. .
487. . 762. . 472
20
.1
, ,
, , ,
.
,
. , - ..
, .2
, , 1868 .,
,
.
, - .
, 1873 .
, , , , .3
, ,

, ,
, .
, -
.
19011903 . , ..
, , ,
.4
-
. . , . .
,
. , ,
, ,
. ,
, , , .. , , .1
x i xx x .
.
.
, - ..
. , 100- , .
, , ,
, ,
,
.
,
, x x .
.

, , , .2 , ,

.
- ,
. , ,
. -,
.
.
-
..

. 18671869 . . : 1947.
. 226227
..

XVII XX .
(16401917). .
., 1985. . 151;
..
150 .
., 1990. . 21
21
..,
.., ..

// .

. .,
1903. . 18 (
). . 170
..

. , 1908.
. 174175
..

-
//
. 1869.
. 3637
.. .
.
//
XVI
XX . , 2006. .
VII. . 306
22
,
. ,
, , -, , . : ,
, , .
, ,
; ,
, , , , ; ,
. ,
, .1
,

. ,
, ,
,
. ,
, , , , , , ,
.2 ,
, . , .. ,
, ,
, , .3 , ,
.. , , .
, ;
.4
, ,
. ,
, -
. . , . .
.1

2 . ,
, ,
, .
,
, , .2
, ,
, , , , .
, ,
.
,
. .
. . .
., 1902. . 163164
.

//
.
1878. 5. . 111113
.
4. . 264
. , ,
, , ,
.3 , ,
. , ,
(, , , , , ). ,
, .
, , . , : ,
.
23

// .
1895. 22
.

//
. . 1895.
. 18. . 1. . 59
..

. /. . 103

,

-

(7 . 1910 .) // .
. .
.487. . 762. . 328337
,

.1
,
,
:
, - ,

, .2 1903 .
. ,
, . , , 5%
, .
1908 .
() .. , , :
.3 ,
45 ,
. , , ,
, ,
,
, , , .4
, ,
,

,
, ,
-, ,
, . -
24
. . , . .
, , -
.
,
,
.

,
. ,
, ,
.1 , , , , , ,
. , , , : , , ,

, .2 , , . , , ,
, , .3 .. ,
, .4
, .5 ,
, , ,
, ,
, .6
, ,
.
, ,
,
. , , , ,
, ;
, ,
. , . , ,
, , ,

. ,
1895 . 30.

, ,
//
XVIII XX (,
, ,
, ).
., 2000. . 273274
..
, ,
// .
. ., 1903.
. 18 ( ). . 198
.. . .
., 2008. . 45
.. //
.. .
., 1963. . II. . 1. . 332

1870- .

.: .., .. 1870-
. // ,

( ).
, 2010. . 4. . 4774
-

( ) // .
. 3. . 7. . 11587. . 56
25

(

) // . . 3.
. 7. . 11587. . 5758

. . 273
..

-
// -

. , 1994, .3239

, ,
.
.: ..

.
( -
XVI XX .).
, 2000
.. . . 188
.
() // .
1893. 9. . 148
26
,
, , , .
,
<> , ,
.

,
, , , .1
. .., ,
, 1910 . : ,
, , ,
, ,
, .. .2
, ,

.3 ,
, ,
.4
, , ,

. , - ..
, ,
, , , ,
.5

, . ,
, ,6 ,
, , ,
, . : , ;
, ; , , . -
. . , . .
, .1 ,
, ,
.
. ..
,
- ,
,
. , ,
.. , , , . ,
, ,
.

. ,
, .2
,
, .
, ,
,
-. , , , .
, -
..
//
. 1893. . XV.
. II. . 22

XVI XX . . 331

,

-
,
.
- , ,
.
, -.
27
.
// .

. ., [1911].
. 211212
.
?

, 18701914 //

.
. .,
2005. . 199227
.. //
. 1897. 16 .
, ,
. -
, . , ,

, - .
, ,
, , ,
.1
,
,
. - , , ,
, ,
-,
. - ,

.2 - .
.3
-

,

, (),
, , ,
, . ,
,
, .
28
. . , . .
, . , ,
.
, , , .1 ,
, .
, .. ,
, -? : -, --, , ;
- ;
, ,
, ,
, ;
, , , ; .2

. , .. , , :
. ;
.
, - -; .3 .
.. 1862 . ,
, .4 , .5
,
, .6 , . .
,
. ,
, ,
, , ,
.
, -
.

//
. 1878.
4. . 265266
..

// .
1893. . XV. . II. . 23
..

(, 22 . 1880 .) //
,

. .,
1883. . I. . 299300
.. :
.
., 1989. . 83

.
.2. . 135

// . 1874.
6. . 280
29
..

. . 299300
.

// . 1878.
4. . 265. . :
..

(
XIX .) //
:
.
, 2005. . 512525
.
,

. , 1928.
. 349350
30

.1 - ,
, , , .
, ,
.2
.
, , .

,
.
, , ,
.
, x i x . .. : ,
,
, , , , , .
, ,
; , , .
, ,

, . ,
,
, ,
, .., ,
.3 .
, ,
,
.
. . , . .
, , ,
; , , , ,
.1
:
, , , , . ,
, :
, ,
, , , , ,
, .2
,
, ,
.3 . ,

1845 . 18.

//

. 152
.
,

. . 345346

// . 1874.
6. . 277
. ,
. 1865 , , .. .
: , , et C,
. :
, -
31
..
.
., 1897. . 1. . 117
a priori. , ,
-, - , ,
.1
,
,
, . , , , ,
. , , ,
. ,
, .
, , , ,

.
, ,
.

, , .
, ,
, -,

, , . , -
32
. . , . .

,
, .
( ) ( ),
, (),
, - ( ).1
,
,
, ,
-. ( ) ,
, ( ) , .

,
. ,
,

, .
,
,
.
.
. ,
,
. , ,
, , -
.
,

. . 107
33
. . 400.
. 1. . 2952. . 137
.
,

. . 125

, .1
,
. C ,
.. :
, , : ;
.
,
.2
,
(middle ground),
.
XIX XX ,
. A
18 9 5 . 3 0 . ,
,
// XVIII XX
(, , , , ).
., 2000.
. .
. ( -
XVI XX .). , 2000.
. . , . .
. , 1999.
.. // . 1869.
. . // ..
. ., 1963. . II. . 1.
. . . ., 1897. . 1.
. . . . . ., 1902.
. . . . ., 2008.
// 1895.
22 .

, -
(7 . 1910 .) // .
. . .487. . 762. . 328337.
-
(
) // . . 3. . 7. . 11587.
1909 .
// (
). . . . 487. . 762.
. , 1995. . 2.
. . XVII XX . (16401917).
- . ., 1985.
. ,
. , 1928.
XVIII- (,
, , , ).
. / . .. . . . .. . .
, 2000.
. .
// . 1893. . XV. . II. . 124.
. .
// . 1878. 10.
.
// . 1878. 1. . 3569.
. .
( XIX .) // : .
: 2005. . 512525.
34
. . , . .
35
. . // - .
, 1994. .3239.
. , . :
, , . ., 2007.
. . . , 1908.
. . . ., 2004.
// . 1874. 6. . 277.
.
// . . 1895. . 18. . 1.
. . . //
XVI XX . , 2006. . VII.
..
(, 22 . 1880.) //
, .
., 1883. . I. . 299300.

. 18671869 . ., 1947.
. . : . ., 1989.
( - ). . 400.
. 1. . 125.
. . 400. . 1. . 120.
. . 400. . 1. . 2952. . 137.
. . , . .
1870- . // ,
(
). , 2010. . 4. . 4774.
. . 150 . ., 1990.
. ?
,
18701914 // .
. ., 2005. . 199227.
. .
, , // .
. ., 1903. . 18
( ).
. . , . . , . .
// .
. . : 1903. . 18
( ).
. . ( ). ., 1884.
. // .
. ., [1911]. . 211212.
. () // . 1893. 9.
.. . /. . 103.
36
. . , . .
37

, 1913 .
, 1914 .

The paper examines the issues of socio-cultural and economic

adaptation of three ethnic groups Jews, Poles, and Tatars in
Transbaikalia of the second half of the nineteenth-early twentieth
centuries. The author analyzes the process of adaptation of these
diasporas in the connection with both the peculiarities of their
integration into the host society and ability of retaining of their
ethnic, cultural, and religious identities
38

xix
xx .
..

, ..,

, .1 . ,
,
,2
, ( ) ,

. , -, - - , , , , .
, , ,
,
. , , ,
-
..
, ,
..
-

//
:
. .-.
., . -, 19 .
2008. -, 2008. .183

,
,
, .
,
.
. .
..
XIX
//
XIX- . . . .

20062007
. , 2007. . 8991;
..
(XIX .). //
. . 72
39
,

,

. ,
, .
., 2000. .8
..

//

1720 .
. . 2.
, 2002. . 44
40
.1

.
, , . ,
, , .

, ,
,
. - ,

, . ,
, , , , ,
-
, , .2
, ,
- , ,
.
,

, . ,
..
, , ,
,
. , , .1

.

x i x . ,
-
. ,

, ,
.
, , - , , .
..
, ,
.
,
,
. , -
,
.
, , .1
, ( ) , .
. .

I . .
. . . .
, 2006. . 15
..
(
).
., 2001. . 108, 45
41
( )
,
. , ,

.
,
( ) .
: ,
, ,
.
?
// Ab Imperio. 2003.
4. . 10
42

. : .
(, ,

)
.
( , )
.
-.
, , . .
, ,
.1
,

,
.
, .
..
,
. ,
. . ,
.1
,
, , .
,
, - , , - .

, (),
, .2
, , ,
x i x .,
, , ,
, .
., .
. ,
1915. .5051
.

(
) //
. ., 1999.
1. . 165
..
. ., 1871. . 1.
. 341; ..
,
//
. 1905. 1. . 278;
..

. ., 1905. . 1213
, ,
.3
, . ,
43
Kalmina L. Tradition and

Modernization among the
Jews of Siberia: a Change of
Places // Pinkas. Annual of
the Culture and History of
East European Jewry. Vilnius,
2006. Vol.1. P. 97113
. -
// Ab Imperio. 2003.
4. . 33
.. :

//
.
, 1996. 2. . 10
, , , ,
.1 ( )
,
, .
,
,
, , , . , . :
, ,
, .2
-
: .
, , , -, ,
. -,
, .3
,
Marks M.L. Jews among the

Indians. Tales of Adventure
and Conflict in the Old West.
Chicago, 1992
44
,
. ,
. ,
.4 -, , .

, .
..
-. ,
.
1831 1863 .
, , ,
.

,
.1
,
.2

. ,
. ,
.3
, , , . , ,
,
, ,
.4 .
, , : , . . . ,
18301850- . .5
, , .
,
, ,
. ,
,

..
18631864 . :

//

XVIII
.: . . ./
. .. .
, 2004. . 83
..,
..
(
) //
:
( ).
, 2001. . 47
..
1863
. :
//
:
: . . .
, 2005. . 505
4
..,
..

I . -,
2006. . 7576
5
.

XIX
. //

: . .
.-, 2009.
. 1. . 184
3
45
..
//

.
. .-.
.
2005
2006 . , 2006.
. 3738; ..
:
//
. -, 1996.
. 56
(
).
. 526. . 1. . 1
Masiarz W. Migracja
cholopow polskich na Syberie
w koncu XIX i na poczatku XX
wieku // Syberia w historii
i kulturze narodu polskiego.
Wroclaw, 1998. . 230237
.., ..

:
(
) //

. . 13
..

(19171922 .). ,
2009. . 76
..

. 16
46
.
, , ,
-.1
, , , ,
, ,
.

x i x ., .
.
, ,
, ,
, ,
.
- .2
, ,
.
.3
, , . ,

,
.4
-. , .
-
,5 . ,
.
, , ,
.6
,
,
,
..
.1 - ,
- ( ,
, ),2 . ,
, , ,
.
, , , ,
.
.3
,
:
, ;

;
, , ,

. i
. .
..

XIX . // :

. , 2008.
. 124125
. .

1910. .,
1912. . II. .V. . 1. . 100
. . 527.
.1. . 1, 2, 3

,
,
. i .

,
. , .
.

: , -
47
.

( ) //
. ., 2005. 3.
. 5354
..

XIX . . 96
..
VIII
I .
//
. . 58
Wernerowa W. Relacje
polskich misjonarzy z Syberii
poczatku XIX wieku //
Syberia w historii i kulturze
narodu polskiego. Wroclaw,
1998. .7071
.,
.
// .
.V. -, 2005.
. 37
,
, .

,
.1
, , .
, -, .2
, , .
,
, . ,
.3
.
,
. x i x .

, .4
1820 . , 1831 . -
.5

17 1905 . ,

48
..
,
.
:
. .1
.
,

.
, , , ,
.
, . .2
, , , ,
, .3
, - ,4 , ,
,
, , , ,
.

, .
,
, .
. 1862, 1871 .,
1876, 1882 . 1878 .
, 1907 . , 1909 .
. 1901 ., 1904 . , 1910 .
.5
,
.

..
( XIX
1917 ): .
. . . .
-, 2010. . 20
..

( XIX .
1917 ). -, 2003.
. 224; . . 102. .
. 241. 1911. . 74. . 27. . 1
.
//
. 1909. 7. . 37
. .
. 19
. .10. . 1. . 1877.
. 2; . 2346. . 2;
..
.
. 246247;
..
(1839
1930 .): .
-, 2009. . 84, 103;
. ,

.
, 1891. . 108
49
..
. 53

,1
.
. // . 1909. 7.
. 2861.
. , . //
. . V. -, 2005. . 3641.

.
, ,
,
.
,
. , , .

, (
) ,
( ,
), .
A
. . , . .
( ) // : ( ). , 2001.
. 4651.
. . : //
. , 1996. 2. . 1624.
? // Ab Imperio. 2003. 4. . 320.
. . , . . :
( ) //
: . - . -. .
20052006 . , 2006.
. 1116.
..
18631864 . :
//
XVIII . : . . ./ . .. .
, 2004. . 80112.

1863 . : //
: : . . . ,
2005. . 496509.
- //
: . - . -. .
20052006 . , 2006. . 3640.
. // Ab Imperio. 2003. 4.
. 2140.
. . XIX //
XIX .: . . .
20062007 . ,
2007. . 8999.
. . VIII I
. // : . - .
. . 20052006 .
, 2006. . 54 60.
..
(XIX .). //
XIX .: . . .
20062007 . , 2007. .69
74.

XIX . //
: . . . , 2009.
.180185.
. . , // .
1905. 1. . 278309.
. ( ) //
. . . ., 1999. 1. . 3456.
50
..
51
. . //
1720 . .
.2. , 2002. . 3649.
. .

//
:
. .-. ., -, 19 . 2008. -, 2008.
. 182189.

: // . -,
1996. . 367.
. .
( ) //
VIII . . . . . 4. ,
2003. . 420.
. (
) // . ., 1999. 1. . 16078.
K a l m i n a L . Tradition and Modernization among the Jews of Siberia: a Change of
Places // Pinkas. Annual of the Culture and History of East European Jewry.
Vilnius, 2006. Vol.1. P. 97113.
M a s i a r z W. Migracja cholopow polskich na Syberie w koncu XIX i na poczatku
XX wieku // Syberia w historii i kulturze narodu polskiego. Wroclaw, 1998.
. 230243.
We r n e r o wa W. Relacje polskich misjonarzy z Syberii poczatku XIX wieku //
Syberia w historii i kulturze narodu polskiego. Wroclaw, 1998. . 6978.
52
..
53
54
..
,
-,

,
19311932.
Perception
of the Landscape by the
Mongols:
http://mongol.tufs.ac.jp/
landmaps/

(

:

),
10-01-00495
The article is devoted to the problem of the Russian migrants political status
in Mongolia in the second part of the twentieth century. During the last three
centuries of her history Mongolia was a subject of close attention of the Russian
Empire, the USSR and contemporary Russia. In the early twentieth century Russians started to colonize the spaces of Mongolia. Among the first waves of Russian
migrants in Mongolia were traders, Old Believers, peasants (mestnorusskie-local
Russians) and, after the 1921 Revolution, Soviet specialists. Local Russian is a
generic term which was created by the Soviet specialists for the first wave of Russian migrants in Mongolia. This term was widely used in mass media and was
gradually adopted by the scholarly community. Up to 1971 the local Russians were
given permanent residence permits in Mongolia. However, only recently the Russian government recognized local Russians to be also citizens of Russia
..

. .. ..
. 2000- .,
, .

.1
: ,
,
.

. , :
;
;
/ .
..

,

// (

). 2006. . 1
-
.
19211974 .
.1. ., 1975. . 148
1966 2000 . 1966 .

, .2
,
(, . .).
55
( ). 2000- . -
, .
:

/ ;

( , ,
-);
( ,
www.ulaanbaator.ru, www.mongol.su);

(www.pravoslavie.mn, -
).

, .
, . ,
.
. Murphy, G. Soviet
Mongolia: A study of the
Oldest Political Satellite.
Berkley-Los Angeles, 1966
Kaplonski, C. Truth, history

and politics in Mongolia. The
memory of heroes. London
and New York, 2004. . 153
56
.1
(. , . , . , . ,
. )
,
.
()
. . , . .
.2

1960- .
.. ,
.. , .. , .. , .. -
..
.
.. . ,
, .1

. -,
- . ,
, ..
. -,

( ),
.

, (subaltern). .2
,
. ,
.3
, , .
, .4 .
., .,
., .,
.

//

. ., 2010.
. 383419, . 411
Baabar. From World Power

to Soviet Satellite. History of
Mongolia. Cambridge, 1999
:

.
.. : (
..) ,
, .
,
, , :

, .1 -
..

:

. , 2007.
. 72
.: ..
:
//

. 2009.
45. . 4250.
..
. . 44.
., 19581965. . 232
57
..

//
.
1998. 2. 1.
. 131145, . 134
.. (
). -,
1997. . 56
. .
: . .
. -,
2004. . 322

,
1 (- yy ).
, 1966 .
, . ,

. . 1986 . 5827
( 1986 . ).2 , , ,
.
. .
, 1961 .: 1961 . 990 ,
1962 . 2624, 1963 3770 ,3 , . 1960- . ,
: , , ,
. , :
,
, .
.
:
, .
,

, ,

..

:

. , 2007.
. 73
58
, 90% . 1922 1990 . 15

.
- ,
! (!)
510 .4 1980- ., .. ,

..
, :
, ,
, , .1
1980- .
.

.2

.
..

:

. , 2007. . 72
..
-:

//
/ Acta Eurasica, 2008.
2. C. 729
..
//

:
.
- .
. ., 2005. . 122

, , , . ,
. ,
.
, ,
1971.3
, 1950- . 10000 .4
, .
.
1950- . , , 2%. ,
, :
/ [.
]. -, 2009.
. 66
,
;
,
;
,
-.
1928 . , , , , , .5 1930- ., ,
. , 1940- .
. . 131
59
/ [.
]. -,
2009. . 75
,

. 1990 .
.
2000 . ,
(), 1400 .1
,
, .

( ), . ,
, -
.
/ [.
]. -,
2009. . 96
,
?
// URL: http://
www.ulanbator.ru/phpBB2/
viewtopic.php?t=413 &postd
ays=0&postorder=asc&high
light=%EC%E5%F1%F2%E
D%EE%F0%F3%F1%F1%EA
%E8%E5 &start=840 (
: 30.05.2009)
60
. ,
.2 :
.
, ..
, . , . .
. ,
1970- . , , , , .. .3
. . , , ,
.4
.
.
2000- ., -
..
( -
1927 .). .
, ,
.
, , . .1 ,
,2 , .

.
, .
,
. , 1990- . -
,
, . 2000- ,
.
,
?
// URL: http://
D%EE%F0%F3%F1%F1%EA
%E8%E5 &start=840 (
: 30.05.2009)
.: ..

, .
., 2001

1920-1950- . .
.
: , ,
.
, , , .
61
,
?
// URL: http://
D%EE%F0%F3%F1%F1%EA
%E8%E5 &start=840 (
: 30.05.2009)
.
. 133
. . 134
,
?
// URL: http://
D%EE%F0%F3%F1%F1%EA
%E8%E5 &start=840 (
: 30.05.2009)
:
. -, 2009.
. 125126
62
, , .1
.2 ,
.
.

.
. ,
, .3 ,
, . -,
,
.
. 1970-1980- .
:
( ..).
,
.3 1980- .
, . 1990-.
,
. , ,
.
,
, .
9 .. . 1990- . ,
, : , ..
-
,
(, . ,

1980- .).1
..
* * *

( ). ,
.
, ,
. , , ,
subaltern studies ( ).1

.
,
.
.
x i x , .2
2000- . . .

.
.A
. Mapping Subaltern Studies

and the Postcolonial. London
and New York, 2000
.: ;
.

//
, 2010. 1213
63
. . //
.
1998. 2. 1. . 131145.
. . - ( ).
-, 1997.
. , . , . , . , .
//
. . 2010. .383419.
. . . . 44. . 19581965.
. . :
. , 2007.
, ? // URL: http://
www.ulanbator.ru/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=413&postdays=0&postorder=
asc&highlight=%EC%E5%F1%F2%ED%EE%F0%F3%F1%F1%EA%E8%E5
&start=840.
..
-:
// / Acta Eurasica. 2008.
2. C.729.

:
// . 2009.
45. .4250.
: . -, 2009.
. .
, //
- (
). 2006. C. 1.
/ . . -, 2009.
- .
19211974. .1. ., 1975.
. . , .
., 2001.
. //
. 2010. 1213. C.12
. . //
: .
. ., 2005. C.121123.
. . : . . . , 2004.
B a a b a r . From World Power to Soviet Satellite. History of Mongolia. Cambridge,
1999.
M a p p i n g Subaltern Studies and the Postcolonial. London and New York, 2000.
M u r p h y, G . Soviet Mongolia: A study of the Oldest Political Satellite. Berkley
Los Angeles. 1966.
64
..
65
,
,

.
XV
,

,

,
.,1745 .
The paper is devoted to the ethnopolitical history of Altai from the eighteenth
to the twenty-first centuries. During this period relationships between various
ethnic groups and common system of values have been forming up. These values
have been determined by the correlation of good and evil categories through
the prism of ours and alien. Based on the controversial experience of the past,
nowadays the multinational community of Altai tries to produce the optimal
forms of co-existence. Actualization of ethnicity and mythologizing of the past
determine self-perception and inter-ethnic communication
66
..
..
.
. ,
,
, . , . , ,
.. , ,
.1

,
. ,
, , ,
v i i i .
; . v i i i .
.
, . .
..
.
. ., ,
1997. . 220228, 363366
67
..,
.. .

. -,
, 1992. .305312
..
- .
, 1883. .4. .218
..

VII I .
, - .
. -, 1999.
.178
v i i i .
.
v v i . (//); v i i .
1635 . ;

v i i v i i i .1
. ,
.
1883 . .. (. ..) ,
.2 i . , .
,
.
v i i i .
. - 17541758 . , ,
- . 1756 . ( ) ,
, ; , . , .2

VIII .

, 2 1756 .,
,

- (. ..) .
.
68
..
. , ,
17571758 .
, .
, .
,
,
. 1759 ., ,
; .
, , , .
, ,
. - 1759 . .1
. ;
. ,
, . , ,
, . , , ,
.2
1760 . , - . , , ,
.
.
.3
.
, , 1760- . .
.
v i i i . ,
.
..
VII I .:

. -,
-

, 1991. C.152
.
. 153
.
. 155
69
..

..

1910 .
, 1910. .45
..
. . 179
..
. 160
.. :
: .
. ., . . . .,
1989. .124
, . / , , .
1910 . .. ,
, , , ,
- ; (.
..)
, ,
, , . , ..
. , , - ,
.1
/ v i i i .
.., ;
,
,
, i .2
.. ,
, . 1760 ., .. , ,
, , .3
.. : / , ,
/ .4
, , .
/ .. 1910 .
:
, 18 ,
(. ..) ,

II. .
,
() () .
70
..
, () , ; (),
.
, ,
, .
, .
: iii
ii, i j- ( , , ).
. , : -. .
, .
.
, ,
.
, .
, ,
( ..) , .

-.

.
, , .
, ,
, .
,
,
,
.
, , , :
-, , , (. ..).
, , ,
. , . ?
71
- . ,
, , ,
, , .
, .
, .
, . , (, . ..),
- , : ,
?.

, , .
,
. .

, . , - (. . .)
.
, . , : , .
.
.
.
, , . , , , , .
.
,
:
( ..), . .
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
. ,
. , . .
72
..
-.
(), . - ( ,
, ), . , ,
,
, .

,
.
, , : - -
( ).
,
,
.
,
, . ( ).
.
, (
1- , .-).
, .

.
;
.
, : . ,
. .
, . 1- , . .
. ,
; ,
.
, , - ( ).
, - , -
73
: (), .
.. . , , .
.. .
. 11. . 1. . 141142.
.27
74
,

,

.
.
,
, , , , , , , , ,
j, , .1

II I.
(,
.. ).
, , .
, , , -;
, .
.
. .
. ,
() .
, - .
.
. , ( )
( ), , ,
.
..
, , ,
, . i . 1898 ., .
.
:
, ,
, (. . .) -. , . ,
.
, ,
, . , ,
; , ,
. ,
.
( ). , .
.
. , ,
() .
.
, .
- , :
; .
, ( ), ,
.
;
( , , ,
. , ).1
.
//
. 1898. . 34.
.499500
v i i v i i i ., i .
i .
,
, , -
75
. . - .,
, 1993
..
(
).
-, -,
1993. . 53
76
. i .
,
.
.
19121913 .
, .
. .
i . . - . , 1755 . -
, , ,
.
;
.
,
- , , , .
-
i . , .
1890- . , , ,
-.
-/ , - .1 ,
1906 . , .2
1911 ., . ,
,
. .
. -
,
. ,
..
, .
.. , .. , .. :
-- -; -, , . , .
; ,
, .
, . - , ,
. ,
, . , , . -
; , ,
1914 . -
.1
, , . -/
.
1913 . -
. , 1913 .
. ,
.2
1915 ., -- (
),
.3 -.
.
-
1920 . ,
; 1922 .
, .4
. -, , ,
.
. -/
.
-
.. -
,
// .
. 83. .1. . 63
..

19121915 . //
. 1996.
1. . 96105
.
-
77
-.
, .

() .. , .
. 1914 .
,
.
, :
, , .
, , , .
, .
-.
, , , . - .
.
, , - . ,
, ;
, . .
. , ,
, . , :
. ,
: , , , . .
! , , ,
( ..), , . , .
.
, . .
.
. .
, , .
,
, 1975.
. 274, 289290
78
( ..).
. ( ..): ,
, ,
, ! :
, . .
. ,
, ,
.1
..

. i .
.
, , , .
. - - 1990- .:
, , ; .
, . ;
, , . ,
, .
. .
;
, . : , . , . ,
. , .
, :
, , ,
. :
, ,
.
, ; .
, . ,
; : ; .
,
, . , . .
, .
,
. , .
: ,
. . , , 1941 .1
, , v i i i
. , , -
.
. - -
. 1998
79
,
,
..
j. -,
-

,
1984. .12, 280
. ,
, .
1984 .
.. j ( ).
,
VIII . / , , , ,
, ,
, .
,
. ,
, .1
, .
,
.
2006 .,
250-
, ,
:
1756 , , , , , -
.
XVIII , , .
,
. ,
, ,
. - .
80
..
, , , ,
.
, , . ,
, . ,
.

, .1

1990- . - - .. ,
- , .

v i i v i i i ., .
, .
,
( ) - ,

.
. , .. . ,

: -
- ,
.
, ,
. ,
. , , ,
, , . .
.2
,
: . , , .

.. (
) . .
. 2006
.., ..
.

//

: -
- . .;
[ . .. ,
.. ]. . 7.
, , 2008. . 39
81
.., ..
.

//

: -
- . .;
[ . .. ,
.. ]. . 7.
, , 2008. . 38
.. :
:
. . ., . .
. ., 1989. . 335
82
, . , , ,
, . , .1

. . , ,
. , .
: ,
, , , .
? , ,
, -, , , .
, .
,
. . (. ..) ,
, .. 1860 .2
, , .
.
1990- . - , .
, .
( 1920- .)
. , ; ;
: . .
,
. 1993-1995 . , () , , , - .
..
..
, ,
, . , ,
. , , ,
.
, -.
.
. 1930- . , - ,
. 1960- .
, , - .
.
.. . , 1970 .
, ,

. ,
-,
- .
, , , .
. . ,
. , 1990- .
- - -
83
.
. , ,
, -. ..
-,
; ,
. 1990- . .. ,
, ;
- , . ,
, .

. ,
. ,
, , , . , ,
,
,
, .
A
. . . . 11. . 1. . 141-142. .27.

. . 19121915 . //
. 1996. 1. . 96105.
. . ( -
). - : -, 1993.
. // . 1898.
. 34. .489500.
. . , . . .
. - : , 1992.
. -. - : , 1993.
. . . . . :
, 1997.
. .
..
1910 . , 1910.
. . - -
. 1998.
.. ( ) . .
. 2006.
. . - . , 1883. .4.
. . : : . . : . .
. ., 1989.
. . VII I .:
. - : -
, 1991.
. . , . . .
// : - . .; [ . .. , .. ].
. 7. : , 2008. . 3639.
. . VII
I . : - . .-, 1999.
. . , , . : , 1975.
. . j. - : -
, 1984.
. . - , //
. . 83. .1.. 63.
84
..
85

,
1833 .

..

(
, ).
,
, 1833
86

xvii
, ,

.

-,
-.

.
. ,
. , ,
,
, , . , 1990- ,

,
.

. (1889
2000) -,
This paper concentrates on the Tibetan

and Mongolian narrative discourses
which since the
early 17th century
contributed to the
Mongolians awareness of belonging to a
larger transregional
and transcultural
religious community.
The author argues
that in the early 17th
century the Mongolians formulated
their new Buddhist
self-understanding by
referring to Tibetan
images of themselves
on the one hand
and relying on them,
while on the other
hand challenging
and contesting these
ascribed images
through their own
historical narrative
87
,
. ,
. -
,
. ,
,
, . ,
,

. , , .
, ,
- .
,
,
, .1

.
x v x i x , , .
, , x v i i . ,
x v i i
, , , ,
,
,
.
Jackson, Peter. The Mongols

and the Faith of the Conquered.
In: Reuven Amitai and Michal
Biran (eds.), Mongols, Turks,
and Others. Eurasian Nomads
and the Sedentary World.
Leiden/Boston, Brill, 2005.
P. 260
- :

, x v i i ,
.
.
,
. x i i i ,
.
, -
88
, , .
- , , .

, , ,
.
,
1545 1565 ., .2 -,
(Deb ther dmar po gsar ma) 1538
,
23
.3 ,
- - - .
dPa bo gtsug lag phreng ba.

Chos byung mkhas pai dga
ston. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun
khang, 1986. P. 1415
bSod nams grags pa. rGyal

rabs phrul gyi lde mig gam
debt her dmar po ram deb gsar
ma zhes bya ba. In: Guizeppe
Tucci: Deb ter dmar po gsar
ma. Tibetan Chronicles by bSod
nams grags pa. Vol. I: Tibetan
Text, Emendations to the Text,
English Translation and an
Appendix containing two Minor
Chronicles. Rome: Is. M. E. O. P.,
1971. Fol. 45v56
89
Thuu bkwan Blo bzang chos

kyi nyi ma. Grub mtha thams
cad kyi khungs dang dod
tshul ston pa legs bshad shel
gyi me long. In: Collected
Works of Thuu bkwan blo
bzan chos kyi i ma. Vol. kha,
Indian reprint (pothi); Thuu
bkvan Blo bzang chos kyi
nyi ma. Hor li shambha la
rnams su grub mtha `byung
tshul grub don bshad pas
mjug bsdu ba dang bcas pa.
Fol. 2v14; .: Brag dgon
dKon mchog bstan pa rab
rgyas. mDo smad chos byung.
Langzhou: Kansuu mi rigs
dpe skrun khang, 1982:20
Gos lo tsa ba gZhon nu dpal

Deb ther sngon po. New
edition in 2 vols. Chengdu:
Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun
khang, 1984. P. 681
Ibid. P. 680
90

.

.
. x i x
- :
. ,
[] , .
, ,
.
. . , ,
[] . ,
.1

, , , .

. ,
,

. 1240 ,
-, ,
, . .
. (Deb ther sngon po) :
, [] ).2

,
. - , .
, , .3

,
,
,

, ,
.
- telos,
.
(Sa skya pai gdung rabs), 1629
. ,
- ( ,
, )
:
, , ,
, , .
, , Las kyi rdo
rje1, , , gNod sbyin2.
, ,
, [ ,] , , ,
,
. .
- , ,
, .3
,
, . ,
, ,
,
.
. ,
.
.
,
Schuh, Dieter. Erlasse und
Sendschreiben mongolischer
Herrscher fr tibetische
Geistliche. Ein Beitrag zur
Kenntnis der Urkunden
des tibetischen Mittelalters
und ihrer Diplomatik.
St. Augustin: VGH
Wissenschaftsverlag, 1977.
P. 16
91
-

. XVII

(.
Sog bzlog pa Blo gros rgyal
mtshan, 1975:
fol. 8v45, 9r2)
,

[]

;
, ,

,

(Miller, Robert
J. Monasteries and Cultural
Change in Inner Mongolia.
Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz,
1959. P. 127)
Ngag dbang blo bzang rgya
mtsho. rJe btsun thams cad
mkhyen pa bsod nams rgya
mtshoi rnam thar dngos
grub rgya mtshoi shing rta
zhes bya ba. In: Phags pa jig
rten dbang phyug gi rnam
sprul rim byon gyi khrungs
rabs deb ther nor bui phreng
ba. Dharamsala: Tibetan
Cultural Printing Press, 1984.
II. P. 140
92
,
(
), . dul ba
, , , , , , .
, , .

,
. , , , , .1
,
. , .

, . . x x 2,
.

,
, ,

.
,

- -
, , ,
- yul mtha khob gnas3. mtha khob -
:
(kijaar oron) , ;
(mi khom pa brgyad),1 ,
. ,
, , .
, .
,
.2
- -, , , - - - - ,
, 1578 :
,
, , ,
. , , .
[].3
.: Tsepak Rigdzin. TibetanEnglish Dictionary of Buddhist

Terminology. Dharamasala:
Library of Tibetan Works and
Archives, 1986. P. 312313,
180
Ngag dbang blo bzang rgya

mtsho. rJe btsun thams cad
mkhyen pa bsod nams rgya
mtshoi rnam thar dngos grub
rgya mtshoi shing rta zhes bya
ba. In: Phags pa jig rten dbang
phyug gi rnam sprul rim byon
gyi khrungs rabs deb ther nor
bui phreng ba. Dharamsala:
Tibetan Cultural Printing Press,
1984. II. P. 147
Ibid
-
. .
,
?
,
. , ,
,4 1662 -5.
,
(qarangui jg),
(sasin-u naran)6,
, .
, /
(mngke ajar).
;
. -: ,
(mongol ulus-un bilig ken. Omo yeke-yin tula;)7.

,

Haenisch, Erich. Eine UrgaHandschrift des mongolischen
Geschichtswerks von Seen
Sagang (alias Sanang Seen).
Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1955
- .
Ibid. Fol. 86v1015; .
Mostaert, Antoine. Eine UrgaHandschrift des mongolischen
Berlin: Akademie-Verlag;
Ibid. Vol. 2. P. 263268;
Mostaert, Antoine. Sur le culte
de Saang Seen et de son
bizaieul Qututai seen chez les
Ordos. In: Klaus Sagaster (ed.),
Antoine Mosteart (18811971).
C. I. C. M. Missionary and
Scholar. 2 vols. Leuven:
Ferdinand Verbiest Foundation,
1999. Vol. II. P. 497529
Haenisch, Erich. Eine UrgaHandschrift des mongolischen

Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1955.
Fol. 81v15/16
Ibid. Fol. 84r26
93

XIX .
.: Bawden, Charles R. The
Jebtsundamba Khutukhtus
of Urga. Text, Translation
and Notes. Wiesbaden:
Harrassowitz, 1961
Ibid. P. 11, 48
sMin grol no mon han.Dzam

gling chen poi rgyas bshad
snod bcud kun gsal me long
zhes bya ba. Copy of the
manuscript preserved at
Liverpool Museum, BELL Coll.
No. 9.1839. Fol. 77r12
.: Elverskog, Johan.
Tibetocentrism, Religious
Conversion and the Study of
Mongolian Buddhism. In:
Uradyn E. Bulag etal. (eds.),
The Mongolia-Tibet Interface:
Opening New Research
Terrains in Inner Asia.
PIATS 2003, Proceedings
of the Tenth Seminar of the
International Association for
Tibetan Studies, Oxford, 2003.
Leiden: Brill, P. 5980;
P. 62, n. 11
94
, Boda jebndamba qutu tu-yin namtar-a1

. ,
--
: (bi doora ajar-aca []
irebe).2
, , ,
,
,
,
, . ( )3

,
. ,
, .3

, , ,
, .
?
?
, ? , ,
,
? ,

.

,
, , , .
,
.1 , x i x ,
,
- , . ,
, x i x x x .2 , , ,
, .
, , , , , .
-
,
.
.3
. , - , ,
/ -. ,
- ,
. ,
.
:

,
(Elverskog,
Johan. Two Buddhisms in
Contemporary Mongolia.
In: Contemporary Buddhism.
Vol. 7. no. 1, P. 2946
C.: Heissig, Walter.

Geschichte der mongolischen
Literatur. 2vols. Wiesbaden:
Harrassowitz, 1994.
Vol. II. P. 740
C. .: Farquhar, David.
Emperor as Bodhizattva in the
Governance of the Ching Empire. In: Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. Vol. 38. no. 1. 1978.
P. 534; Hevia, James. Lamas,
Emperors, and Rituals: Political
Implications in Qing Imperial
Ceremonies. In: Journal of the
International Association for
Buddhist Studies. Vol. 16. no. 2.
1993. P. 243278; Crossley, Pamela Kyle. A Translucent Mirror.
History and Identity in Qing
Imperial Ideology. Berkeley/
Los Angeles/London: University
of California Press, 2002. P.
221246

-,
,
.

1756 .

-

(.: Veit, Veronika. Qalqa
1691 bis 1911. In: Michael
Weiers (ed.), Die Mongolen.
Beitrge zu ihrer Geschichte
und Kultur. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft,
1986. P. 454458
- , ,
, 5 -

, ,
.. (Marco Polo. Il
Milione. Die Wunder der Welt.
bersetzt von Elize Guignard.
Zrich: Manesse, 1994. P. 103)
95

.: Kollmar-Paulenz,
Karenina. Zur europischen
Rezeption der mongolischen
autochthonen Religion
und des Buddhismus in
der Mongolei. In: Peter
Schalk (ed.), Religion im
Spiegelkabinett. Asiatische
Religionsgeschichte im
Spannungsfeld zwischen
Orientalismus und
Okzidentalismus. Uppsala:
Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis,
2003. P. 276280
See: Hahn, Alois. Partizipative

Identitten. In: Alois Hahn
(ed.), Konstruktionen des
Selbst, der Welt und der
Geschichte. Aufstze zur
Kultursoziologie. Frankfurt
am Main: Suhrkamp, 2000.
P. 1379
96
, x v i i .1
, ,
.
, , , ,
. .
,
.
, , , ,
. ,
,
. ,
.2 , ,
,
.
: x v i i
x v i i
.
, , , .
,
.
.
- -
.

.
, , x v i x v i i
, .
x v i i
, ,
, -
, yeke mongol
ulus, , ,

.
yeke mongol ulus, ,
, ,1
,
aci qariulqu, .
, , ,
.
,
,
. ,
- 17181720 ., .

. Qutu-tu erdeni arquyin
oron neret yeke klgen sudur2 , olan sudur
( eldeb) , 3, ,
baatur cinggis qotala jg-i ilauci, ,
[]4. Qutu-tu drben nom uqaulqui

Erdeni tunumal neret sudur
Kollmar-Paulenz, Karenina.
Erdeni tunumal neret sudur.
Die Biographie des Altan
qaan der Tmed-Mongolen.
Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte
der religionspolitischen
Beziehungen zwischen der
Mongolei und Tibet im
ausgehenden 16. Jahrhundert.
Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2001.
P. 315, 272
. rya-ratnakranma-mahyna-stra, .
Phags pa dkon mchog byung
gnas shes bya ba theg pa chen
poi mdo. Kanjur No. 881,
Ligeti, Louis. Catalogue du
Kanjur Mongol Imprim. Vol. I:
Catalogue. Budapest: Socit
Krsi Csoma, 1942. P. 230
C.: Heissig, Walter. Zur

Organization der Kandjurbersetzung unter LigdanKhan (16281629). In:
Zentralasiatische Studien 7,
1973. P. 491, n. 7

Heissig,
Walter. Zur Organization der
Kandjur-bersetzung unter
Ligdan-Khan (16281629).
In: Zentralasiatische Studien 7,
1973. P. 481
5
Kanjur, No. 1006, Ligeti, Louis.
Catalogue du Kanjur Mongol
Imprim. Vol. I: Catalogue.
Budapest: Socit Krsi Csoma,
1942. P. 271
,
,

. ,

neret yeke klgen sudur (qututu baatur [])5.

sutu cinggis qaan.6 sutu , -
- , , . 27,
..

. ,
,
. : ,
1993. P. 137
97
. . .

-. :

., 1997. . 153; .
Rachewiltz, Igor de. The
Secret History of the Mongols.
A Mongolian Epic Chronicle
of the Thirteenth Century.
Translated with a historical
and philological commentary.
2 vols. Leiden Boston : Brill,
2004, P. I:355
. .
.
, ,

. . : ,
1993. . 137
, 1228/1240 .
, : Sutu , , ,

, , , . , sutu, su.1
(yeke umar-a jg-n ene ajar-tur;
Kanjur, Ym, vol. 27).2
(yeke mongol ulus)
3 . Siluun onul-tu
kemegdek sudur, 1626 , .4

,
x i i i . ,
,
.
Siluun onul-tu kemegdek

sudur, ,

, fol.
258v8/9 18/19;
.: KollmarPaulenz, Karenina. Eine
Schweizer Sammlung
mongolischer Handschriften
und Blockdrucke. In:
Zentralasiatische Studien,
2009. 38. P. 211226
98
. -
,
-
. -,
-
, . , -
chos skyong.
- 1.
-, jayaan, , -,
-
, .
,
. ,

, ,
.
Tngri-yin jayaatu ajar-un

esru-a cinggis qaan-u altan
uru-un sakiulsun sangkabala
baatur caan tngri-yin jalbaril
takil yeke amuulang besben
btgsen (Ngag dbang blo
bzang chos ldan. rJe btsun
thams cad mkhyen pa bsod
nams rgya mtshoi rnam thar
dngos grub rgya mtshoi shing
rta zhes bya ba. In: Phags pa
jig rten dbang phyug gi rnam
sprul rim byon gyi khrungs
rabs deb ther nor bui phreng
ba. Dharamsala: Tibetan
Cultural Printing Press, 1984.
gSung bum, VII, No. 75)

,
, ,
,
- .
,
. - , ,
, , , .2 ,
,
. ,
.3
, , , ,
, , yeke Mongol ulus,
.
, , , , , ,
.
Hall, 2008 Stuart

2008 Introduction: Who Needs
Identity? In: Stuart Hall and
Paul du Gay (eds.), Questions
of Cultural Identity. Los
Angeles/London/New Delhi/
Singapore: Sage Publications,
117.:5
C. Kollmar-Paulenz, 2008
Uncivilized Nomads and
Buddhist Clerics: Tibetan
Images of the Mongols in the
19th and 20th centuries. In:
Monica Esposito (ed.), Images
of Tibet in the 19th and 29th
Centuries. 2 vols., Paris: cole
franaize dExtrme-Orient,
Vol. II, 707724.:713716
99
-
. ,
,
,
. ,
,
, . A
, . .
, , . : , 1993.
, . -. :
, 1997.
B aw d e n , Charles R. The Jebtsundamba Khutukhtus of urga. Text, Translation and

Notes. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1961.
B r a g d g o n d K o n m c h o g b s ta n pa r a b r g ya s . mDo smad chos byung.
Langzhou: Kansuu mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1982.
b S o d n a m s g r a g s pa . rGyal rabs phrul gyi lde mig gam debther dmar po ram
deb gsar ma zhes bya ba. Guizeppe Tucci: Deb ter dmar po gsar ma. Tibetan
Chronicles by bSod nams grags pa. Vol. I: Tibetan Text, Emendations to the
Text, English Translation and an Appendix containing two Minor Chronicles.
Rome: Is. M. E. O., 1971.
C r o s s l e y, Pamela Kyle. A Translucent Mirror. History and Identity in Qing
Imperial Ideology. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California
Press, 2002.
d Pa b o g t s u g l a g p h r e n g b a . Chos byung mkhas pai dga ston. Beijing: Mi
rigs dpe skrun khang, 1986.
E lv e r s ko g , Johan.
Two Buddhisms in Contemporary Mongolia. In: Contemporary Buddhism.
2006. vol. 7, no. 1, p. 2946.

Tibetocentrism, Religious Conversion and the Study of Mongolian Buddhism.

In: Uradyn E. Bulag etal. (eds.), The Mongolia-Tibet Interface: Opening New
Research Terrains in Inner Asia. PIATS 2003: Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of
the Tenth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Oxford,
2003. Leiden: Brill. P. 5980.
Fa r q u h a r , David. Emperor as Bodhizattva in the Governance of the Ching

Empire. In: Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies vol. 38, no. 1, 1978. P. 534.
G o s l o t s a b a gZ h o n n u d pa l . Deb ther sngon po. New edition in 2 vols.
Chengdu: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1984.
H a e n i s c h , Erich. Eine Urga-Handschrift des mongolischen Geschichtswerks von
Seen Sagang (alias Sanang Seen). Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1955.
H a h n , Alois. Partizipative Identitten. In: Alois Hahn (ed.), Konstruktionen des
Selbst, der Welt und der Geschichte. Aufstze zur Kultursoziologie. Frankfurt
am Main: Suhrkamp, 2000. P. 1379.
H a l l , Stuart. Introduction: Who Needs Identity? In: Stuart Hall and Paul du
Gay (eds.), Questions of Cultural Identity. Los Angeles/London/New Delhi/
Singapore: Sage Publications, 2008. P. 117.
H e i s s i g , Walther.
Zur Organization der Kandjur-bersetzung unter Ligdan-Khan (16281629).
In: Zentralasiatische Studien 7, 1973. P. 477501.

Geschichte der mongolischen Literatur. 2 vols., Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1994.
H e v i a , James. Lamas, Emperors, and Rituals: Political Implications in Qing

Imperial Ceremonies. In: Journal of the International Association for Buddhist
Studies vol. 16, no. 2, 1993. P. 243278.
Ja c k s o n , Peter. The Mongols and the Faith of the Conquered. In: Reuven
Amitai and Michal Biran (eds.), Mongols, Turks, and Others. Eurasian Nomads
and the Sedentary World. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2005. P. 245290.
100
101
K o l l m a r - Pa u l e n z , Karnina.
Erdeni tunumal neret sudur. Die Biographie des Altan qaan der TmedMongolen. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der religionspolitischen Beziehungen
zwischen der Mongolei und Tibet im ausgehenden 16. Jahrhundert.
V e i t, Veronika. Qalqa 1691 bis 1911. In: Michael Weiers (ed.), Die Mongolen.
Beitrge zu ihrer Geschichte und Kultur. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche
Buchgesellschaft, 1986.
Zur europischen Rezeption der mongolischen autochthonen Religion

und des Buddhismus in der Mongolei. In: Peter Schalk (ed.), Religion im
Spiegelkabinett. Asiatische Religionsgeschichte im Spannungsfeld zwischen
Orientalismus und Okzidentalismus. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis,
2003. P. 243288.

Ts e pa k R i g d z i n . Tibetan-English Dictionary of Buddhist Terminology.

Dharamasala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1986.
Uncivilized Nomads and Buddhist Clerics: Tibetan Images of the Mongols in

the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Monica Esposito (ed.), Images of Tibet in the
19th and 29th Centuries. 2 vols., Paris: cole franaize dExtrme-Orient, Vol. II,
2008. P. 707724.
Eine Schweizer Sammlung mongolischer Handschriften und Blockdrucke. In:
Zentralasiatische Studien 38, 2009. P. 211226.
L i g e t i , Louis. Catalogue du Kanjur Mongol Imprim. Vol. I: Catalogue. Budapest:

Socit Krsi Csoma, 1942.
M a r c o P o l o . Il Milione. Die Wunder der Welt. bersetzt von Elize Guignard.
Zrich: Manesse, 1994.
M i l l e r , Robert J. Monasteries and Cultural Change in Inner Mongolia.
M o s ta e r t, Antoine.
Sanang Setsen dans la legende. In: Klaus Sagaster (ed.), Antoine Mostaert
(18811971). C.I.C.M. Missionary and Scholar. 2 vols., Leuven: Ferdinand
Verbiest Foundation, 1991. Vol. II. P. 263268.

Sur le culte de Saang Seen et de son bizaieul Qututai seen chez les Ordos.
In: Klaus Sagaster (ed.), Antoine Mosteart (18811971). C. I. C. M. Missionary
and Scholar. 2 vols., Leuven: Ferdinand Verbiest Foundation, 1999. Vol. II. P.
497529.
R a c h e w i lt z , Igor de. The Secret History of the Mongols. A Mongolian

Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century. Translated with a historical and
philological commentary, 2 vols., Leiden Boston: Brill, 2004.
N g a g d b a n g b l o bz a n g r g ya m t s h o . rJe btsun thams cad mkhyen pa bsod
nams rgya mtshoi rnam thar dngos grub rgya mtshoi shing rta zhes bya ba.
In: Phags pa jig rten dbang phyug gi rnam sprul rim byon gyi khrungs rabs deb
ther nor bui phreng ba. Dharamsala: Tibetan Cultural Printing Press, 1984.
S c h u h , Dieter. Erlasse und Sendschreiben mongolischer Herrscher fr tibetische
Geistliche. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Urkunden des tibetischen Mittelalters
und ihrer Diplomatik. St. Augustin: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag, 1977.
s M i n g r o l n o m o n h a n . Dzam gling chen poi rgyas bshad snod bcud kun gsal
me long zhes bya ba. Copy of the manuscript preserved at Liverpool Museum,
BELL Coll. No. 9.
S o g bz l o g pa B l o g r o s r g ya l m t s h a n . Sog bzlog bgyis tshul gyi lo rgyus
yod. Collected writings of Sog-bzlog-pa Blo-gros-rgyal-mtshan. Reproduced
from a unique but incomplete dbu-can manuscript from the library of the Ven.
Bdud-joms Rin-po-che by Sanje Dorji. 2 vols., New Delhi: Sanje Dorji, 1975. Vol.
I, 203259 (fols. 1r29r).
Th u u b k wa n B l o bz a n g c h o s k y i n y i m a . Grub mtha thams cad kyi
khungs dang dod tshul ston pa legs bshad shel gyi me long. In: Collected Works
of Thuu bkwan blo bzan chos kyi i ma. Vol. kha, Indian reprint (pothi).
102
103

xix .

,
xviiixx .
The paper deals with the issue of perception of the Caucasus and Caucasian highlanders by Russian writers, military officers, scholars of the eighteenth-twentieth
centuries. The author uses Edward Saids Orientalism concept and shows how the
image of the indigenous peoples of the Caucasus was distorted in the mirror of
civilization and culture stereotypes
104
..
. , ,
x i x .
.
, . ,
, ,
, .

.1
, ,
, .

,
. ,

.

.
XI
,

,

,
.,1745 .
..
..
. . I.
, 2002 (
1882.).
. 146148, 156; 339340
( ).
. II. . 167168;
311 (
).

. .:
..
: ,
, . ., 2002.
. 1640
105

XIX .
Layton S. Russian Literature

and Empire: Conquest of the
Caucasus from Pushkin to
Tolstoy. Cambridge, 1994
106
x i x . , ,
,
. (1817
1864), .
, ,
,
x i x .
I (18251855) II (18551881),
, . ,
.
:

,
, ,
,
;

;
;
, ;
, ,
, .
(-)
, , ,
1829 .
- ( ),

().
,
.
.-,
, -.
,
,
. , ,
; , . ,
-
. , ... ... , , ,

, , ,
, ?
, , ,
, , .1
.
. . 8.
., 1837. . 203204
,
, .
, x i x . .1
! . ,
, .
,
, . -
..
. ,
,
, -
107
XIX .
. .
. . .
. ... . 4.
., 1938. . 371372
.

,
(18561857) New York Herald Tribune. , , x i x . , ,
, - -
.1
-,
1858 . , - , ..,
, ,
.
,
,
.
,

,

[].. -

//
. . I.
, 1868. . 45
108
,
, ... , ,
, ...
, , -
, - , ,
,
. ,
!.. , - ,
-, .....2
, , .
,
..
.. (1871 .): , ,
,
.1
,
, , , , ,
.

. , .. , ,
... ,
, .2
, ,
1812. .., .
, - , .
, , ... ,
.3
: .
.., ,
, , ( .
..); . ,
, ,
(. ..)
, .4

XIX .
- (- , 18191895),
, .
: ,
, , , .5
..
.

-.
., 1995. . 31
[..]

,

,
,
.
., 1996. . 28
.
.
, 1997. . 3838

,

[] 1859
1862 //
.
. XII. , 1904. . 1422
-.
.
, 1995. . 24
109
-

,

() , ,
.

VIII .
(. 755). .
: ..,
..

( ) //
.

. .
.. ... ., 2003. .
154214

()
-.
. . 24
:
.

-

.
6
7
- .
-. , 1995. . 32. . .
. . 3233
[ .] //

. ..
.. . . XXXVIII.
., 1903. . 786
110
- .
200 (v i i i . .. ..) 1
, ,
, ,
, ,
..., , , , ,2

. ,
, ... ,
.3
- 1890 . ,
- :

4 , ...
, .5
-
, .
,
, ,
, .
.6 , ,
, .

. .
,
(1903), , .
, , , , ,
, ,
. .
, ,
.7
..

,
. I,
- .. : ...
.1
, ,
. , , , ,
.

x i x .
, .. (18611881)
(18621881), ,

.2
,

,

2050-. XIX.
. ,
1959. . 58

. .

.. 12
1864 .

//
. .
2. ., 2000. . 211

. , . 1851.
..
( ), . 2000 .

5070- x i x . 10- , ,
. :
(18681881), (18811915), (18721917).
.
111
,
,
,

.
: ..

. . 147156.

.
.: Knight N. Russian
Orientalism in the Service of
Empire? // Slavic Review. Vol.
59. Washington, 2000. No. 1
,
, , .1
..
,
(). (1868),
(1876).
.
,
.
, 1868
..
- , . , , .
Said E. Orientalism. New York,

1978; London, 2nd ed., 1995
112
,
?
, (19352003) .
1978 . ,

. 1995 . .2
..
,
,
. ,

, , , .
, ,
,
. , .
, .
,
. x i x .
, ,
,
,
.
, , , .
(Oriens),
, - ,
. -,
. , ,
, , . .
.
.
, ,
. , :
113

XIX .
Jersild A.L. Orientalism and

Empire: North Caucasus
Muslim Peoples and the
Georgian Frontier, 18451917.
Montreal, 2002. .

-,

(Russias Orient. Ed. by
D.Brower and E.Lazerini.
Bloomington, 1997)
114
... !
,

,..
, ,
, ...
.................................
!
!
-, , , .
,
. , .
,
.

. x i x . ,
, ,
.
, .
,
.
- . ,
, . , , ,
, - .

x i x .,
.1
,
. , 2000 . .

, ,
..
x i x .?1
, . , ,
, .
- (nesting orientalism),

. ,
- -. , ,
.2
,
.
.
,

.
Kritika. Bloomington, 2000.

Vol. 1. No. 4.

-
Ab imperio
(2002.1). . :
:

:

.
.
., 2005. . 273388
Bakioe-Hayden M. Nesting
Orientalism: The Case of
Former Yugoslavia // Slavic
Review. Washington, 1995.
Vol. 54. No. 4. P. 917

.
, . ,
.
.
, 1883 1890 . ( ). .. -
.., .
115

(
, 2005)
Glimpses of High Politics

Through War and
Peace, 18551929. The
Authobiography of
N.V.Charykov, Serf-Owner,
Ambassador, Exile. London,
1931. P. 173, 174175
, - .1
.
, .
.
..,
... ,

.2 , , , . , -, 1866 .
,
.

, .

, .
. 1917 .
,
,
.
. , .

, .

- . 20- 30- .
,
-
116
..
. x i x .

.

- . .. .1
,
.

. ,
.
,
x i xx x .
. - , ,
, 1920- .
,
, , , . ,
, , , ,
,
- ,
... :
.
,
, ,
. ,
,
, , , .2

30- 40- .
.
. x i x . .
-
., :
..
//
XIX .
., 1926
. .
., 1931. . 31
117

XIX .
..
, ,
// .
., 1983, 2; ..,
..
. ., 1994
118
, , - .

x i x . ( ) .
.
50- 80-
.
.
,

, .
, ,
.
. ,
,
. ,
.., .
1983 . .. . ,
,

, () ,
, , ( )
.

: ,
. ,
XIX . .1
, .
( ) ,

. -
..
. .
:
- ,
,
.
.. ,
.
: .
.
,
. , , .
.
.

, ,

,
, . , ( ,
119

XIX .
) , ,
, . , -,

.

.

, ,
.

. ,
, .
, -.
.
-,
.
,
.
, , ,
.
x i x . .
, 1851.

-. -
120
..
,
.
x v i i i
x i x .
x i x . .
, , , ,
x i x .
.
.
.
,
.
, x i x .
.

, . ,
,
. , , ,
, .
x i x .,
.
.
. , . . A
121

XIX .
. . , 1997.
. . , , //
. ., 1983, 2. C. 85-96.
J e r s i l d A . L . Orientalism and Empire: North Caucasus Muslim Peoples and the

Georgian Frontier, 18451917. Montreal, 2002.
. . , . . . ., 1994.
K n i g h t N . Russian Orientalism in the Service of Empire? // Slavic Review. Vol.

59. Washington, 2000. No. 1. P. 74-100.
.. : , ,
. ., 2002.
L ay t o n S . Russian Literature and Empire: Conquest of the Caucasus from

Pushkin to Tolstoy. Cambridge, 1994.
.. , . .
( ) //
. .
. .. ... ., 2003. . 154214.
S a i d E . Orientalism. New York, 1978; London, 2nd ed., 1995.
R u s s i as O r i e n t. Ed. by D.Brower and E.Lazerini. Bloomington, 1997.
[ . .] ,
, ,
. ., 1996.
: //
. . ., 2005.
. 273388.
- . . , 1995.
- . -. , 1995.
. . .
-. ., 1995.
- 2050-. XIX.
. , 1959.
,
[] 1859 1862 //
. . XII. , 1904. . 1490
1496.
X I X . . . . . . .
... . 4. ., 1938.
. . . . I-II. , 2002.
. . . 8. ., 1837.
. .
.. 12
1864 .
// . . 2. ., 2000.
. . //
XIX . ., 1926.
. . ., 1931.
[ ] . . - //
. . I. , 1868.
[ .] // .
.. .. . . XXXVIII. ., 1903. . 786.
B a k i e - H ay d e n M . Nesting Orientalism: The Case of Former Yugoslavia //
Slavic Review. Washington, 1995. Vol. 54. No. 4. P. 917-931.
G l i m p s e s of High Politics Through War and Peace, 18551929. The
Authobiography of Charykov N.V., Serf-Owner, Ambassador, Exile. London,
1931.
122
..
123
, .
. . ,

,
. , 1990. ,
2010 . , .

,
.

.
.
,
. , ,

, 2001 .

www.map-rf.ru
124
.. , ..
.. ,
..
,
-
The paper presents

the research results of
adaptation dynamics
of Chinese students at
one of the higher educational establishments of the Republic
of Buryatia. Based
on interviews the
authors analyze the
factors contributing
to and what hampering integration into
the host society
125
13%.
. , , :

.
.
.
,
, .
, , , ,
. ,
, , , ,
,

.
, ,
, , ,
, ,
, , .
, ,
, .

- , ,
.

() :
1. (
() ,
() ,
).
2. (

),

, .
3.
- .
. : , -,
, ..,
, , .

.
, ,
,
: -
126
.. , ..
()
,
, ,
. ().
,
:
.
;
; , (
), .

.
.

127
128
, : -;
( , , ).

( , - , ,
- ,
..)
.
.
.
- ( , ) . , ()
: ,
..
, ,
; , ;

..

,
() -

. 2010 . (151 .).
,
, . : , ,
.
-
, 104 ( ). -
.. , ..
-,
: 50, 35,6, 12% . ,
-.

.

. ,
, , , (38,5%), (22,1%) (17,3%).
,

,
- ,

- ?

. ,
,
, - , .
, (36,5%).

,
.
: , ;
- ; -.

.
129
. , .
.
, (20%)
, ,
- , . ,
.
, , -,
,

.
, ,
- .
,
,

. ,
,
. -

. ,

: ,
,
-. , ,
, . .
130
.. , ..

-
.
, , : (37%);
, (27%);
, (15,5%).
,
, :
, ,
.
, , .

. ,
, , , , .
-, . ,
. .
,
,
, - - ( ) 81%.
, , .
, . - .
, ,
, .
(38%), (28%),
.

,
. , ,
-. 15,4% -
131
132
, . ,

.

, - .
, . ,
(86,5%).
, (, , , ..)
(62,5%).
: , , (54,8%).
, , , ,
.
, : ; , , ,
(11,3%);
(9,8%). 6%, 20- (5,3%).
17,3%.
,
, , , . -
.
. ,
.
(21%).
,
.. , ..
,
. ,
, ()
, , .
:

(45,2%); (22,1%).
.

(31,7%);

(19,2%); ,
(19,2%).

,

,
, ,

, . , ,
, , 10,5
: 70,5% 6,7%. ,
.
(
30 ),
-
133
.
, () , ,
.

(). : , ,
(59,1%
41,7%). ,
- .
,
. ,

, , , .
,
.

()

, ,
()
. - , , . ,
, .
134
.. , ..

.

. : ()-, ,
.. . , ,
. ,

.

.
1.
, , ,
.
2 . , ,
, ( 67,3%),
92,4%
. , ()
, () . (
), , .
3 . ,
.
1
(); 2
-; 3
.
. -
135

. , , . .
1 -.
, , .. ; ,

,
.. .
- .
2 -:
,
. ,

.
, .
, ,
, , - , , .

.
: , - , , , ,
.
,

.
() . A
,
,
,
-
,
, .
, ,
,
.
136
.. , ..
137
(1941 .)
138
..

30- xx

, ,

. 1941
, () , .

, , ,
.
,
(- ). , ( )
. ,
-
, , .
,
, , ,
, , ,
.
-
..
,
-
The paper examines

the problem of adaptation of a simple
Buryat young man in
an urban area based
on an unpublished
novel by the Buryat
writer Platon Malakshinov. The author
raises the issues of
inter-ethnic communication, stereotypes
of mutual perception
and urbanization
139
, ,
,
. , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , , .
, , . ,
- -,
, , , .
- , .
, , :
, .

, ,

,
, , , .
, ,
,
, .
.
, . , -
, .
140
..

, , . ,

. ,
- .
,
,
, .

, .
, ,
, .
, - ,
. , . <> , , ,
, , ,
. <> .
,
.
,
, , -.
- , , -, -.
, .
. . :
. ! . , , , , :
.

. , .
, ,
.
, . <>
, . , , : , !.
141
-,
,
, , .
, ,
.
<> -
. <>
. , . ,
, <>, , ,
, .
, , .
,
, .
, , - ,

, . , , ,
. . , ,
.
,
, ,
. ,
,

( ). ,
, ,
.
, ()
, .
142
..
.
, , .
, , , ,
: :
, .
, , ,
, ,
, . ,
, , , , , ()
. , ,
, .
, , ,
, , , . , , , , .
,
. ,
: , .
, . , , , , , .
, -
,
. ,
.
, ,
, ! ?
, , , ,
.
, :
, , , , ,
, .
143
,
; , , .
, .
, , , ,
.
, , ,
.

. ,
()
, .
,
! . ,
- .
,
.
: ,
.
, ,
, .
, . : ! ,
- . ,
. , .
, . , .
: ?
. , , , ,
! !. .
. ,
, , . <>
, . ,
.
144
..
. ? (1957 .).

, . .
,
.
.
.
. ,

. , ,
. ,
, .

,
,

,
, ,

. , ,
,
( ), . ,
, - ,
. , .
,
145
. ,
, , .
, , ,
. . ,
() , , , ,
. . ,
, , , ,
, . ?
.
,
. , ,
-, ,
, , , .
,
.
: , . , , .
, .
! , , ,
,
. /, ,
. A
147
,

,

, . , , ,
. ,
, . , :
! ! ,
, . ,
, , , -
146
..
Book
Reviews
R o b e r t D. C r e w s . For Prophet and Tsar. Islam and Empire in Russia and Central Asia (Cambridge,
Mass.: Harvard University Press) 2006. ISBN 067402164-9. viiipp + 463pp.8 illustrations, 2 Maps,
Notes pp375448, Index pp455463, no bibliography, no tables
R o b e r t D. C r e w s . Fo r P r o p h e t a n d Ts a r , 2 0 0 6
,

,
. ,
,1 - 2, 3 4.
, ,

17801917, , -, , .
:
(349).
,
, ,
, , .
,

,

,

. ,

, , , ,
, , ,
.
,

. ,

, , ,
, ,
.
,

, .
:

,
, , , . (
), ,
- , .
(260272),
3 Moshe Gammer Muslim Resistance to the Tsar. Shamil

and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghesta (London:
Frank Cass, 1994); Austin Jersild Orientalism and Empire
(Montreal: McGill University Press, 2002); Michael
Kemper Herrschaft, Recht und Islam in Daghestan. Von
den Khanaten und Gemeindebnden zum gihad-Staat
(Wiesbaden, Reichert Verlag, 2005); Nicholas Breyfogle
Heretics and Colonizers. Forging Russias Empire in the
South Caucasus (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005)
,
,
(34). (31142) , 5,
,
,
,
.
, ,
, .
,

, ,
, . ,
, 3040- x i x
-
( , , )
. , ,
,

, , , .
, ,

,
. 1860
.,
.
, -
4 Adeeb Khalid The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform.

Jadidism in Central Asia (Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press, 1997); Daniel Brower Turkestan and the
fate of the Russian Empire (London: Routledge, 2003);
J.F.Sahadeo Russian Colonial Society in Tashkent,
18651923 (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007)
5 Robert D. Crews Empire and the Confessional State: Islam

and Religious Politics in Nineteenth-Century Russia The
American Historical Review Vol. CVIII No.1 (Feb. 2003).
P.5083
1 James Forsyth A History of the Native Peoples of Siberia

(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992); Yuri
Slezkine Arctic Mirrors. Russia and the small peoples of the
North (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994)
2 Allen J. Frank Muslim Religious Institutions in Imperial
Russia. The Islamic World of Novouzensk District and
the Kazakh Inner Horde 17801910 (Leiden: Brill, 2001);
Virginia Martin Law and Custom in the Steppe. The
Kazakhs of the Middle Horde and Russian Colonialism
in the Nineteenth Century (Richmond, UK: Curzon Press,
2001); Robert Geraci Window on the East: National and
Imperial Identities in Late Tsarist Russia (Ithaca, NY:
Cornell University Press, 2001); Paul Werth At the Margins
of Orthodoxy: Mission, Governance, and Confessional
Politics in Russia's Volga-Kama Region, 18271905 (Ithaca,
NY: Cornell University Press, 2002); Michael Khodarkovsky
Russias Steppe Frontier (Bloomington, IN: Indiana
University Press, 2002); Willard Sunderland Taming the
Wild Field: Colonization and Empire on the Russian Steppe
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004)
150

.
,

,
,
,
, 1860 ., ,
, ,

.
(
)6
. , ,
, .
(, ), ,

,
, ,
,
, .

, , ,
:
.

, ,

, ,
6 Robert Crews Islamic Law, Imperial Order: Muslims, Jews,

and the Russian State Ab Imperio Vol.3 (November 2004)
P.467490
151
R o b e r t D. C r e w s . Fo r P r o p h e t a n d Ts a r , 20 0 6
,
. ,
, , ,

.
,

.
, , ,
, .
,
, ,

. ,
, , 500
, 7.
, .. ,
(289), ,
,
, , :
, .
,
. ,

.8
- -
7 , ,
-

8 . . .

(, . . , 1914). . 20
152
R o b e r t D. C r e w s . Fo r P r o p h e t a n d Ts a r , 2 0 0 6
, ,
, ,
. (344), 80-
x i x 200 250 ,
,
150
,
:
,
. , , ,

, . ,
,

1868 (221240).
,
,
- ( ),

, ,
, ,

(178189).
, , , ,

, , ,

(279280,
329330). ,
x i x ,

, .

.
, 1910

, 1910
,

(346).
, ,
,
,
.
:
,
,
,
, , ,
. ,
, , , .
,

.
,
, ,

, , , .
,
, (369),
.
,
,
,

, , . , (
),
,
1860 .,
, .

Slavonic and East European
Review Vol. 86, No.3 (2008), pp. 55357.
153
J o h a n E lv e r s ko g . Our Great Qing: The Mongols, Buddhism, and the State in Late Imperial China.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2006. xvii+242 pp. $52.00 (cloth)
E lv e r s ko g , J o h a n . O u r G r e at Q i n g , 20 0 6
,
,
, .
,

.

,

(74).

, x v i i i ,
,
.
-
.
, , ,
.
,
.

, .
, 80-
, ,
,
,

.
,
.
, , ,
.
,

. Our Great Qing -
,

. ,

. ,

. ,
,

,
.
, , , (24, 93).
,
, , ,
(8).
,
, ,
.

, ,
.
2 ,

. ,
(14 ) Kke mngke tngri ( )
154
: ,

.

,

The Journal of Religion, Vol. 87,
No.3 (2007), pp. 48687.
155
. . . (, , 2008. ISBN 978-5-86793-561-0. 512 .)
.. ,
2008 ., , ,
. ,

!,
!, !.
,
:
,
,
,
, .

, -
, , , .
, , : ,
.

,
, . ,
, ,
. .
, :
,
.

, ,
, , ,
156
, ,
, . ,
.. , .
,
,

:

. ,

, ,
- -.
..
.

:
. ,

,

,
- .
, homo soveticus,
,
. , 2008
( ,
- ).
: ,
,

,
,
. , ,
:
,
.
, ,

. , .. :
.
; ,
, , ,
, ,

, ,
.
157
Wa n g L i x i o n g , Ts e r i n g S h a k y a . The Struggle for Tibet (Verso) 2009. ISBN 978-1-84467-043-7.

viiipp+276pp., 1 Map, Appendix pp271-275, no bibliography, no tables
2010 .
,

.

, .
,
.
( )
,
( ) .
,
, , .
,

(Tibet Information Network), , . . , ,
, .
, , .
, .
,
, ,

. , , ,
:
(1998 Sky Burial: The Destiny of Tibet (:
), Mirror Books Publishing), -
158
, ,

.
, .

1999 .,
, ,
. : , , ,
;

,

, .

2008 .

, 2008 .
,
300 .
, ,
.
,
. 1967 .,

, .
1978 .
.
,
1980- .
,
Wa n g L i x i o n g , Ts e r i n g S h a k ya . Th e S t r u g g l e f o r Ti b e t, 2 0 0 9
,
.
1998 ., .
,
,
. 1990 .

, 1999 . :
1947 . (1999 The Dragon in the
Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947,
London: Pimlico), .
,
,
, , , - .
,
,

. ,
,
, ,
.
, 2005 .
(Religion and Contemporary Society in Asia,
Institute for Asian Research, University of British
Columbia). ,
,

.
2002 . New Left Review (Reflections on Tibet). ,
,
,

. New Left
Review .
. (Initial Exchange) :

. :
.
2008 .,
, :

. , 2002 2008 .,
,
.

,
. , ,
, , , .
: ,
,
,

, .

,
.
, - ,

, . : ,
-
159
Wa n g L i x i o n g , Ts e r i n g S h a k ya . Th e S t r u g g l e f o r Ti b e t, 20 0 9
,
;
, .
, ,
, ,
. ,
, .
, ,
,
.
, . , ,
, , , ,
,
,
.
. , , 1950 . ,
1959 . - ( )
20 ,
. , ,

,
. , ,
.

. -
. ,
,
. 1980 .
, .
160
Wa n g L i x i o n g , Ts e r i n g S h a k ya . Th e S t r u g g l e f o r Ti b e t, 2 0 0 9

. -
1987 . ,
. , ,
80- . ,
, -
, , .
,
,
, , ,
. , ,
. , ,
, ,
, . , ,
. ,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
, ,
, . , ,
.
,
-,
. ,
, - . (.. 2002 .)
, . , ,
, 1987 .
,
, , . -
, ,
, .

.
- , . ,
,
,
,

. ,
.

. ,
,
. ,
, ,
.

(). ,
, .

, ,
,
, , . , ,
,
. ,
, ,
,

.

. ,
,

.

, ,
.
, ,
.
, . ,
, ,
,
, -, . : ,
,
, -, ,
; . ,

.

. ,

.
,
- . , , .

-
.

161
Wa n g L i x i o n g , Ts e r i n g S h a k ya . Th e S t r u g g l e f o r Ti b e t, 20 0 9
. ,
, - X,

,
. , ,
,
.
,
,
-
, , .
.
,
.
, , . , ,
.
. , , .
, . -
, ,
,
.
, .
,
, -
.
,
New Left Review,
.
162
. . . .
., . (- , ) 2010. ISBN 978-5-8062-0318-3. 384 .
, 2002 2008 . ,
. ,
, . :
,
,
, .
,
,
, , ,
.
:
New Left Review , .
, , ,
.
,

,
. ,
, , , .
(), ,
,
.
, ,

.
-,
-
.

, ,
, ,
.
,
. ,

, -.
,
,
. , (
, , ),
,
.
I
,
.

. , . ,
. , -
(. , . , . ) .,
, ,

.
,

, , . ,
- ,
,
.
. , ,
-
, , .
, , ? ,
?
,
, ,
.
(
)
. , , . ,
:
, ,
, . . ,
163
. , 2010
, , ,
,
.

,
: ...
( ) (
,
).

, , ,
, , -,
, .
,
. , /
.
.
.
,
, ,
, , . , ,

, (
1990- .). ,
,

; , , -
164

. , ,

, .
, ,
.
, , .
, .
,

,
, .

- .

.
,
, ()

, ,

.

1980- . .
,
:

, ,
. ,
. , 2 010

,

,
. -

, ,
, .

. , 7080- . x x .

. ,
1930- .,

. ,
, , , :

.
19701980- .
; ,

. ,
,
.
2 :
,
, ,
, ,
. , , , ,
, ,
. ,
- ,
. ,
, .

,
,
.
,
.
, ,
;
,
; ;
, , .
, .
,
,
. ,
;
,
; ,
;
, , , .
, -
165
. , 2010
,
.
, ,
.
. . ,
-
,
. ,
,

, ,
. ,
, .
, 1920- .
,
(, - ),
(, ) (, ).
: .
,
.
. , ,
. . , ...
, ( ), () ( )
,
-
... .
,
,

, . . ,
, ,
166
.

,
- , (
) .
,
- 1990- .

(

),

. ,
,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
.

(
) ,
,
,
. , ,

.
, ,
, .
, ,
, :
,
. , 2 010
.
, , ,
. . , : 1991 .
,

;
,

. ,
( ,
, , ), ,
, .

, ,
, , .

,
. ,
;
, , . ,
, , . , .

, 1990- .:
( ) , 3040%
(
). ,
(
,
).
-
, .

, . .
.
.
: , , ;
. ,
,
1990- . (
,
). , ,
, .
ii

,
. , ,
1990- .
. ,
, , , , ,
, ,
. : ,
,
, . , .
( ,

),

.
- ,
, , ,
.
167
. , 2010
,

,
1990- .
, -
; ,

. , ,
, . . :

. ,
, ,
( ),

- , ,
.
1990- . ,
. , , , .
.
.
1990- . ,
. .

, , ,

.
,
- : 1)
; 2) ; 3) ;
4) ; 5) ; 6) .

168

.
. .
, , .
, ,
:
, , ,
.

: ,

. ,
,
, , , . ..
, ,

, . -
.
, .
,

, - ,
. ,
...
iii
,
. , 2 010
,
.
.
,
. .
,
,
, .
,

.
1990- . .
,
. :
. ,
, ,
,
.
,
, , ,
.
, , , .
,
,
,
,
? ,
?
, ?
, ,
?
,
, -
?
...

:
;
;
. ,

,
. , ,
, ,
,
. . ,

, ,
. ,
,

, .

:
2001 .
: 1) ; 2)
, ,
;
3) ,
,
, ; 4)
. ,
169
. , 2010

; . , ,
. ,
,
,
- -1. ,
,
-, ,
, .
iv
-

. .
. , , .
, . ,
,

-.

,
. ,
. ,
.
.
,

. , - .
, ,
, , .
, , , -
170

;
. ,

,
. , ,
.
:
,
. ,
,
,

. , , , ,
,
.
,
, , - .
, , . .
,
: 1) ; 2)

, , ; 3) .

.
v
,
, - -
. , 2 010
. ,
. ,
,
- ,
, , ,
. ,
, .
,
: 1) ; 2) 3)
.
,

. ,

,
,

.
:
,
,
.
, , , .
,
:

.

.
, , , ,

? ,
,
, , ,
,
? , ,
:

, .
,
, .

-.
. . , ,
, ,
,
... . ,
, , .

. , ,
- , , .
, , ; ,
. -
, , , ,
.

;
. , .
, , ... ,

,
-
171
. , 2010
.
. ,

.
,

, .

; ; ,
, .
, ,
. ,
.
, ,
,
,
,
, .
vi
, -,
, ,

; , . -, ,

. -,
,

,
-
172
,
,
, ,
. , , , ,

, ,
. , . ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
, ,

, .

, . ,

.
, ,

. , , ,

.
173
S tu d i a Tu r k i ca Mo n g o l i ca Ti b et i ca M a n ch u r i ca S i b i r i ca Ru s s i ca et c et e r a
Tartaria Magna .
, , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , .
,
. .
w w w.ta r ta r i a - m ag n a . r u. , , ,
, email:
ta r ta r m ag n a @ g m a i l .c o m .
, .

.

,
(), ,
,
, .
, ( ) , , .
tiff,
jpeg, 300 dpi,
Adobe Illustrator 10 .
. A
,
,
, , .
Tartaria Magna
, .


science jour na l
1 / 201 1

Th e w o r l d o f O w n a n d O t h e r s

the theme of issue
Shifting the frontier

.

.

..
:
670047
, -
. 6 /
+7(3012) 57 33 93
tartarmagna@gmail.com
03.10.2011
6090/16

Charter

i s s n 2 2 2 4 9 5 59

Tartaria Magna Научный журнал Тартария Магна №1-2011

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Tartaria Magna Научный журнал Тартария Магна №1-2011

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Tartar ia

Wa n g L i x i o n g, Ts e r i n g Sh a k ya . The Struggle for Tibet.

Tartaria Magna 12011

w w w.Ta rta r i a-M agn a.ru

Tartaria Magna 12011

w w w.Ta rta r i a-M agn a.ru

Tartaria Magna 12011

w w w.Ta rta r i a-M agn a.ru

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

This paper is focused

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

The paper examines the issues of socio-cultural and economic

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Kalmina L. Tradition and

Marks M.L. Jews among the

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

1966 2000 . 1966 .

Tartaria Magna 12011

Kaplonski, C. Truth, history

Baabar. From World Power

Tartaria Magna 12011

, 90% . 1922 1990 . 15

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

. Mapping Subaltern Studies

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

Tartaria Magna 12011

. . . . 11. . 1. . 141-142. .27.

Tartaria Magna 12011

This paper concentrates on the Tibetan

Tartaria Magna 12011

Jackson, Peter. The Mongols

Tartaria Magna 12011

dPa bo gtsug lag phreng ba.

bSod nams grags pa. rGyal

Thuu bkwan Blo bzang chos

Gos lo tsa ba gZhon nu dpal

Tartaria Magna 12011

.: Tsepak Rigdzin. TibetanEnglish Dictionary of Buddhist