PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE

A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TO HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERCITY BY NAME OF STUDENT
PATEL NARESH PATEL JAYMIN BHUTAKA ASHWIN OZA NIRAV

SEAT No.

GUIDED BY PROF.V.K.PANDYA PROF.B.T.PATEL

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING L.C. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHANDU - 384120. GUJARAT, INDIA JUNE -2011

L.C. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHANDU - 384120. GUJARAT, INDIA DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work presented in the project entitled PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE has been carried out by Student name (Admission Year -2011) Seat No. (Year 2011)

1. PATEL NARESH 2. PATEL JAYMIN 3. BHUTAKA ASHWIN 4. OZA NIRAV

They have successfully completed their project work in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of the Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering. This is a bonafide work done by the student and has not been submitted to any other University/Institute for the award of any other Degree/Diploma.

Guided By PROF.DIPAK.M.PATEL PROF.B.K.PATEL

Head of Department PROF.V.K.PANDYA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING L.C.INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHANDU-384120

GUJARAT,INDIA JUNE-2011

Project approval Sheet

The Project Entitled PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE Submitted by Name of the students
PATEL NARESH PATEL JAYMIN BHUTAKA ASHWIN OZA NIRAV

Of L. C. Institute of Technology, Bhandu is approved for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical) of Hemchadracharya North Gujarat University.

Date:Examiners 1. Internal Examiner 2. External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our gratitude to all people who have helped and guided us to accomplish our project efficiently and successfully. Small but an important and timely help can prove be a milestone in ones life. Events human being has such kind of experience. Being human, we also have the same feeling of gratefulness of today we also have achieved an important milestone in our life. This project is dedicated to all the people, whom we met, took guidance, talked interviewed and learned something from them, at this occasion we sincerely thank all of them while submitting this project report. We would like to heartily thank PROF.V.K.PANDYA and PROF.B.T.PATEL who has provided us necessary information and guidance for the success of the project. Last, we would like to extend thank to all our class mates also. On this occasion and we would like to PROF.D.M.PATEL (HOD, OF MECHANICAL ENGG. DEPARTMENT), librarian, Principal without whom this would have not been possible. We always have felt the invisible help from the almighty, without the blessing of almighty, we could not have succeeded.

Yours sincerely PATEL NARESH PATEL JAYMIN BHUTAKA ASHWIN OZA NIRAV

ABSTRACT
Peddling washing machine is a very great innovation in its own. Peddling washing machine is specially made for the purpose of its utilization to wash the cloth by means of applying pedal. Today due to non renewable energy cries its basic need to utilize the energy from other way or save the energy. This project includes the construction and utilization of the peddling washing machine which can with any amount of requirement. The following pages in the report includes about the constructions of peddling washing machine, its raw material, its working, benefits of the peddling washing machine with respect to actual electronics washing machine save the time,water,electicity,and not very expensive. Its main expect is exercises with applying the pedal to wash the cloth.

PREFACE
Our eager effort to choose the PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE for our project work promised to be very exciting from the point of view of both the manufacture and application.PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE is the most efficient. It is used for wash the cloth by means of applying pedal. Peddling washing machine is one of the most compact and efficient models. Its find useful application in the wash the cloth by means of applying pedal in very less time.

CONTENTS PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE

1) INTRODUCTION ... 1

2) HISTORY 2

3) WASHING MACHINE....4

3.1) TYPES OF WASHING MACHINE......5 3.2) FURTHER COMPARISONS.......11 3.3) WORKING PRINCIPLE OF WASHING MACHINE..13 3.4) WASHING MACHINE DETERGENT...17 3.5) WASHING MACHINE MANUFACTURES..19
4) PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE....20

5) BACKGROUND.21

5.1) NEED.21 5.2) PROBLEM STATEMENT..22 6) DESIGN SPECIFICATION.23 7) DESIGN ALTERNATIVES..27 8) FINAL DESIGN CHOICE...28

9) ANALYSIS.29 9.1) SHAFTING.29 9.2) GEARING...29 9.3) BEARING30 9.4) FLYWHEEL....31 9.5) FINS 32 9.6) DRUM. 32 9.7) WATER USAGE.... 33 10) WORKING OF PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE.34 11) COST.36 12) EASE OF USE..37 13) JUSTIFICATION.37 14) CRITIQUE OF PROTOTYPE...38 15) NEXT STEP.39 16) ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE...41 17) COMPARISION 42 18) APPLICATION43 19) CONCLUSION45

20) REFERENCES46

1. INTRODUCTION:
Pedal power washing machine means applying the pedal rotate the drum attached with the shaft by means of chain drive and create the resistance (Turbulence) between inside drum water, cloth, powder to wash the cloth. To support the basic family economy, through the design and distribution of bicycle machines, providing an efficient alternative for the rural development of India. Women in GUJARAT (also in India) wash clothes manually, but the detergents are chemically harmful to their hands, and the motion of scrubbing is straining to the muscles. Our goal is to design an inexpensive and durable pedal-powered washing machine for use in rural areas to gently wash clothes. Due to cost constraints, the washing machine is to be shared among several families or can be used by a local entrepreneur to run a laundering service. The washing machine must be easy to build and maintain locally with local materials, easy to operate (minimal required steps), and easy to power by women or children. It must also be more comfortable to use than manual methods and culturally acceptable in GUJARAT.

Fig.1 peddling washing machine 1

2. HISTORY:

One of consequences of globalization is that there is great competition in the market and it is increasingly specialized. Every day, there are more types of washing machines. The available models get more and more effective, noiseless, economical, light and their design adjusts to the place where you want to place them. That is why you should exactly know the type of machine you are looking for, its particular features and the key questions you should ask the salesperson.

Fig.2 19th-century metropolitan washing machine model

Fig.3 a vintage German

There are many kinds of washing machines. Some of them are for industrial use and others for consumer use; some have top-loading and others front-loading design; some of them include spin dryer and others do not. Nowadays, many washing machines offer digital technologies that help you control details such as time, speed and vibrations during the drying process. Modern machines' goal is to finish a great load of work in a short time, with the less possible users' help.

As a consequence of the great variety of machines in the market, you should take many fundamental aspects into account, such as what you will use it for -for industrial or consumer use-, how often you will use it -daily or weekly-, and the room you have for it -large or tight. 2

Fig.4 Industrial w/s m/c The origin of washing was a consequence of different changes in the clothes materials and the new esthetics of the fashion world. The different materials that appeared required different ways of washing them. All fabrics could not be washed the same way -each type required specific cares. 1. At first, clothes were washed in vats with hot water and soap, and the fine fabrics were kept soft. 2. In 1780, technology began to appear with Robinson Lancashire, who invented the washing machine, which also dripped clothes. 3. In 1855 a machine to wash and dry clothes was invented in Crimea's hospitals. 4. In 1880 the first washing machines were built. They heated water with gas and coal. 5. In 1888 the electro-technical engineer Incola Tesla invented a compact electric engine which joined electronics with washing. 6. In 1901 the American engineer Alva Fisher invented the first washing machine, adding to the already existing machines an electric engine which impelled a cylinder. An automatic mechanism inverted the spinning sense from time to time so that the clothes did not compress, which frequently used to happen. The next step was to add some rollers to drip clothes. This is the date when the first washing machine was born.

7. After the Second World War, in 1945, washing machines started being highly sold in the Western countries. The washing machines were sold in series, and manufacturing was distributed. They were cheaper. 3

8. In 1960, important industrial companies began to manufacture huge amounts of washing machines, and others turn them into their main source of prestige and earnings -as Kelvinator and Zanussi. 9. In the 70's, the washing machine was definitely a well known product in Europe and America.

Fig.5 washing machine The esthetic and functional evolution of the washing machine has developed, especially during the last years, with the use of microelectronics. Some of the elements that have been added and have enhanced the washing machine are:

Nowadays, drain pipes let dirty water go out and let clean water come in without the need of doing it with the hands like some years ago. Besides, the city plumbing system is involved here too.

Nowadays, the door has a mechanism which is connected to the microprocessor to avoid dangers. The machine does not start until the door is closed. We can also watch the interior process to check if it is taking place normally.

Their materials are lighter today. Many years ago, wood materials were used, but now washing machines are built with stronger materials such as aluminum or enameled materials. Today's trend is to join material's quality with lightness and design.

4 3. WASHING MACHINE:

Although the breakthrough technology of the different brands turns each washing machine into a unique device, we can define the minimum and basic function of a washing machine. The washing machine has a central loading cylinder with holes and a spinning system on its own axis. Once it is filled with water, the process ends and throws the machine contents out.

Its function is based on a spinning movement over a container, generally of cylindrical shape. Inside of it, water, detergent and dirty clothes are mixed. This movement mixes the detergent with dirtiness and the relative movement between water and clothes, which develops the cleaning process. Automatic washing machines have a program system that allows the machine to perform different cleaning processes. According to the one you chose, spinning speeds vary as well as the time and the chosen temperature.

The basic components of the machine are:

An electric engine which transmits movement to the cylinder so that it spins in the right way. A microprocessor that controls the function of the different cleaning choices as well as the programs. This device orders the priorities. A cylinder or tube which mixes the clothes, water and detergent and which acts as a container for the elements. A small vat which protects and supports the tube or cylinder, allows water and temperature changes, and supports all the elements while the process changes.

Fig.6 5

A housing which supports the small vat and muffles the cylinder's vibrations. A couple of buffers which help support the cylinder's weight and muffle the vibrations. A resistance system in charge of heating water. Water inputs which transport and evacuate clean water. A filter, which chooses the conduct's content avoiding the obstruction of the drain pipe. A belt which transmits the engine's movement to the sheave. A blocking automatic system which does not allow the door to open while functioning.

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3.1 TYPES OF WASHING MACHINE:

Nowadays, there are two types of washing machines. This classification depends on the place where clothes are introduced: top-loading or front-loading washing machines. Top-loading machines are frequently found in the United States, Canada, Australia and many African and Asiatic countries. They are tighter, which means that they occupy less space. They are perfect to use when you have space problems. The front-loading machines are found in Europe and they are more popular ones. Both of them have the same capacity to load clothes and the same functions. There are also different types of washing machines according to use and frequency of use. There are industrial washing machines -with more capacity- and machines for home use. There are some washing machines with complex services that include the temperature of the drying water. They are ideal for people who live alone. There are also washing machines which include minimum processes and they are cheaper. It all depends on the needs and user's choices.

Finally, we can find automatic and semiautomatic washing machines. The difference is the number of elements that you have to bear in mind to wash clothes. This classification has to do with the user's dedication when washing. 7

3.1.1 TOP-LOADING VS. FRONT-LOADING WASHING MACHINES Washing machines come in two types: top-loading and front-loading. Top-loading washers have a lid on the top of the machine, and most use an internal agitator that spins on a vertical axis to churn the water and clean the laundry. Top loaders are easier to load and unload than front-loading machines (since you don't have to stoop over to unload them), and they cost around $400 less on average than front loaders. However, top-loading washing machines are less efficient than front loaders because they use more water and energy. Since energy efficiency is such an important shopping consideration, a number of manufacturers now make energy-efficient top-loading washing machines. According to EnergyStar.gov, Energy Star-rated washing machines use about 30 percent less energy and 50 percent less water than nonqualified machines. Replacing a 10-year-old washer with a new Energy Star machine, they say, can save the average person about $135 per year on utility bills. The construction of energy-efficient top-loading washers can vary. Some, like traditional top loaders, use a central agitator, but many rely on different mechanisms such as impellers, which reside on the bottom of the washing tub and move laundry throughout the wash in a circular motion.

These eco-friendly appliances are more expensive than traditional top-loading washers, with prices that rival those of front loaders. They may also require high-efficiency (HE) detergent, which produces fewer suds. High-sudsing regular detergent may not be rinsed out completely in highefficiency washing machines due to their low water use. Another problem: These new energyefficient top loaders, with their high spin speeds, can tangle and wrinkle laundry. Front-loading washing machines are the most popular option. In addition to using far less water and energy, they demonstrate the best overall washing performance in comparison tests. These washers, which look like those found in professional laundries, have a door on the front; laundry is put into a stainless-steel drum that spins on a horizontal axis. These washers typically feature higher spin speeds than top loaders, wringing out more water so that laundry requires less time in the dryer. They also tend to offer more bells and whistles, such as additional wash cycles and high-temperature cycles. Some front loaders also include special deep-cleaning steam cycles.

3.1.2 TOP-LOADING WASHERS

TRADITIONAL TOP LOADERS ARE CHEAPER Old-style top loaders aren't as "sexy" as more stylish front-loading washing machines, but they still have some advantages. First, they are generally cheaper than front loaders, often hundreds of dollars less. Although less efficient, top-loading washing machines can be easier to load and unload than front-loading machines, since you don't have to stoop down. They also make it easier to add items in mid-cycle (you can't do this at all with a front loader). Another major advantage top loaders have over front-loading washers: They aren't prone to mold and mildew buildup in the door gasket. Many manufacturers of top-loading washing machines are aiming to make their washers more energy efficient. In terms of cleaning performance, energy-efficient top loaders fall somewhere between conventional washers and front-loading washing machines. Pricewise, however, the newest top-load machines can cost as much as more efficient and generally better-cleaning front-load machines. Even so, many owners prefer top loaders for their easy loading and unloading and for the ability to add items to the cycle after it's started. Unlike traditional top loaders, which use an agitator to circulate laundry in the water, the Maytag Bravos has an impeller at the bottom of the washtub that moves laundry through the water. As

Maytag describes it, "The load is moved from the outside toward the middle with items coming up in the center and down on the outside edges." It requires high-efficiency (HE) detergent, which produces fewer suds than regular detergent. The Maytag Bravos MVWB750WQ excels in independent testing. In one test of top-loading washers, it was among the top-ranked products, with good to excellent scores in every category. This machine gets high marks from owners as well. Over 50 reviewers at HomeDepot.com, roughly 30 at BestBuy.com and another 25 or so at Sears.com give the Maytag Bravos MVWB750WQ average ratings of approximately 4 stars out of 5. Users rave about the washer's high capacity, with one reviewer saying that this machine can do in one load what others do in three. They are also enthusiastic about its quiet operation and the fast spin speeds that wring clothes out nearly dry.

3.1.3 FRONT-LOADING WASHERS

FRONT-LOADING WASHING MACHINES GET THE BEST REVIEWS Front loaders are both the most efficient washing machines and the best overall performers, according to professional tests. Their horizontal tubs tumble clothes into and out of the water, making it possible to wash a full load without filling the tub completely. On average, front loaders tend to be gentler on clothes than top-loading machines, as well as more efficient. The bad news is that front loaders cost more than traditional top loaders (though not much more than high-efficiency top loaders), and they still get complaints for reliability. On average, however, the differences in reliability between top loaders and front loaders are not significant, according to owner surveys at ConsumerReports.org. Front loaders use about half as much water and two-thirds as much energy as conventional toploading washers, according to the National Geographic Green Guide. In addition, their fast spin speeds remove more water from clothing, thereby reducing drying time and resulting in further energy savings. However, this high-speed spinning can also cause clothes to become tangled and wrinkled. Because these machines use so little water, they require special low-sudsing highefficiency (HE) detergents that can cost more than regular laundry detergent.

Another caveat is that because of their design, front-loading washers require more daily attention. For example, we've read many reports that front loaders can develop mold and mildew problems caused by moisture and dirt being trapped in the door seal after a cycle. Some users say that wiping away water after a cycle and leaving the washer door open when the machine is not in use will prevent the problem, but others have tried this approach without success. Afresh Washer Cleaner Tablets, developed by Whirlpool, are supposed to combat mildew and odors in high-efficiency washers. These tablets get a 4-star rating in over 50 reviews at Amazon.com. Some owners report great success and improved freshness, but others say the tablets don't make a dent on odor. Whirlpool and Maytag, in their high-end front-loading washers, are now including a small fan that can blow air inside the empty washing machine. Company representatives told us that using the internal fan is supposed to dry out any water that might remain in the washer and gasket after a cycle, but since this feature is so new, we haven't seen many reports from owners on how well it works. 10

3.2 FURTHER COMPARISONS

Top-loading washers do not suffer from continued maintenance problems and needs no regular freshening. During the spin cycle, a top-loading tub is free to move about inside the cabinet of the machine, using only a lip around the top of the inner basket and outer tub to keep the spinning water and clothing from spraying out over the edge. There are many variations of these two general themes. Top-loading machines in Asia use impellers instead of agitators. Impellers are similar to agitators except that they do not have the center post extending up in the middle of the wash tub basket. There is also a variant of the horizontal axis design that is loaded from the top, through a small door in the circumference of the drum. These machines usually have a shorter cylinder and are therefore smaller, but offer the efficiency of a front-loader while eliminating the problems of the flexible bellows. This kind of washing machine is sold and popular in Europe, especially in small households, because it offers the same drum system as front-loaders, just with a smaller footprint. WATER LEAKAGE Top loading machines are less prone to leakage. Front loading machines require a seal on the front door, and similarly the front door must be latched during operation to prevent opening, lest large

amounts of water spill out. This seal may leak or require replacement. Many current front-loaders, though, can be stopped and added to or removed from, by way of keeping the water level in the horizontal tub below the door level. ENERGY USAGE Front loaders use less energy, water and detergent and clean more effectively than the best top loaders. WATER USAGE Front loaders generally use less water than top-loading residential clothes washers. Estimates are front loaders use anywhere from about one third to one half (Consumer Energy Center) as much as top loaders. 11 COMPACTNESS Front loading machines may be installed underneath counters. A front loading washing machine, in a fully-fitted kitchen, may even be disguised as an ordinary base cabinet/unit. They may also be convenient in homes with limited floor area, since the dryer may be installed directly above the washer. SPIN-DRY EFFECTIVENESS Front loaders also offer much higher spin drying speeds of up to 2000 RPM. This makes it possible to dry clothes very quickly by hanging them on washing lines or airing racks or can substantially reduce the length of time required in a tumble dryer. NOISE Front loaders tend to operate more quietly than top loaders, since there is less of a tendency to imbalance. ACCESSIBILITY AND ERGONOMICS Front loaders are more convenient for little people and those with paraplegia, as the controls are front-mounted and the horizontal drum eliminates the need for standing and/or climbing.

For people who are sufficiently tall and can stand, top-loaders may be easier to load and unload, since reaching into the tub does not require stooping. However, this issue can be mitigated due to the offering of risers (usually with storage drawers underneath) to raise the front loader door opening closer to the user's level. MAINTENANCE WASH Most, if not all consumer washing machines, now use a plastic outer shell instead of stainless steel to contain the water. Washing machine manufacturers are now advising users, due to the plastic's adhesion properties with laundry detergent and mold, to perform a regular maintenance wash which cleans the inside of the washing machine. A maintenance wash is performed without any laundry on the hottest wash programme, using either one of the following: white vinegar, a detergent with bleaching properties or you could use a proprietary washing machine cleaner. The purpose of a maintenance wash is to remove any mold, bacteria, old detergent residue and gunge. 12

3.3 WORKING PRINCIPALE OF WASHING MACHINE:

A washing machine has become a vital household item that most people simply cannot do without these days. For one, it is designed to make washing clothes a lot easier. If you have already tried washing your clothes by hand, then youll certainly understand what it means not to have this appliance with you. A washing machine is a pretty straightforward piece of contraption which can be run by practically anybody. It is designed to remove dirt and stains from your clothes and make them suitable for wearing again. The machine moves the clothes about in soap suds and spins them around to separate water later on. One thing that you should understand about how washing machines work is that these contraptions are actually made of two drums instead of one. The inner drum works to let water in and out to spin your clothes and clean them and has a lot of small holes on it for that purpose. The bigger drum, that you really dont see works to hold water while the inner one works on spinning your clothes around.

The machine also has an electrically-powered pump which works to remove water from the drum after youre done with the laundry. All these parts are controlled by a central programmer. The programmer is an essential part that will explain how washing machines work. You can probably think of it as the brain of the whole machine because it regulates all sorts of tasks. It makes the machine goes through the whole process of washing clothes wash, rinse, and spin. The programmer also dictates the wash cycle to use according to your specifications. Clothes have different wash requirements so its important for the programmer to be given specific instructions to enact. Once the detergent has done its job in removing dirt from your clothes, the drum opens to drain the wastewater and then replace it with a cleaner one. This will then be used to rinse your clothes. After rinsing, the drum will rotate at high speed to spin your clothes around, separate water from them and dry your laundry.

13 3.3.1 WORKING STAGES:

Generally, the washing machines are 60 cm. broad and deep (23 inches), and 85 cm. (33 inches) - 1 meter (39 inches) tall. In some special occasions, we can find 60 cm. deep washing machines. The main feature of these types of machines is that they have a helix deep inside with a rotation system which twists the clothes and helps them wash filth with specific detergents. The vast majority has a timing control and a draining system.

The cloth capacity is measured by kilograms. A standard machine has a capacity to store between 5 and 7 kg. This capacity changes according to particular needs and the clothes' fabric. It is important to bear in mind that the kilogram capacity is an industrial parameter reference between the manufacturers, not a limit for the user.

The washing process is divided in two stages. You need to follow them in order and carefully to get a good cleaning. The steps to follow are: 1. In the first place, clothes selection. You need to select and distinguish white and colored clothes. The colored clothes should not dye the others. You should separate clothes according 14 2. To the material they are made of, size or use. You need to read the brand's instructions on the clothes (some of them can be washed in a washing machine, others cannot) and the washing machine's manual as well. 3. The next step is to use the detergent and the smoothing products -if they are necessary. You need to buy washing machine detergent and, if it is possible, a low-foam one. Following the instructions, the idea is to use the same amount of detergent as the amount of clothes included in the machine. Detergent overuse does not wash the clothes better. As regards smoothing products, they are specially used with cotton or fine clothes. 4. Next, the washing machine process begins. It includes three steps: washing, clearing and spinning. In some occasions, it also includes drying. The first step is the input of water and the wash. Water fills the machine up to the necessary level for the process depending on the loading amount. If there is a timer, it will be filled according to the accurate temperature. While this happens, the machine starts washing, setting its engine. Detergent is mixed with water and clothes are twisted by a pressing system.

5. After some time and after the washing process has been carried out, the clearing process begins. The already used water is eliminated by means of an internal filtering system. A series of rinsing steps is carried out; some of them can be programmed. Generally, four or five rinsing steps are carried out until detergent is fully eliminated. To the end of the process and if you have indicated so, smoothing products are added. You need to tell the machine how you want to wash your clothes. That is why you need to select the program, temperature and type of loading. 6. The last step in the process is the spin process, which helps get the clothes even drier. As there are more revolutions, the clothes will be drier. Some machines have a double spin system and some allow you to choose a soft spin or even avoid it. 7. Finally, and in fewer cases, the drying process is included. Washing machines which offer this type of service are very expensive, so this step is usually ignored. However, we should highlight that some clothes are damaged due to high intensity drying.

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We could summarize the process in the next steps:

Open the door. Pour the detergent in the right place. You should use low-foam detergents and, in case water is very heavy, you could use a smoothing product. Classify clothes: Clothes with different types of fabrics or colors should be washed separately from the others. Select the program. Introduce the clothes. Close the door. Press the on/off button. When the washing process ends, press the same button again.

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3.4 WASHING MACHINE DETERGENTS

Washing Machine Detergents are solutions used for cleaning the laundry items such as the clothes, towels and bed sheet. Washing machine detergent is used in the washer, a mechanism designed for cleaning the clothes in a washing machine. Water is used as the main source for cleaning of clothes and washing machine detergent is used as a cleaning fluid that helps in the removal of stains and dirt from the clothes. The energy created in the washing machine induces the washer to wash the clothes and the washing machine detergent cleans the stains in the process of washing. There are two types of detergents used for washing purposes, cold water detergent and hot water detergent.

These detergents has to be used depending upon the temperature of the water. Washing machine detergents play an ultimate role in keeping the clothes fresh and dirt free. It is compulsory to wash the clothes using detergents and this process provides clean clothes. DIFFERENT TYPES OF WASHING MACHINE DETERGENTS Washing Machine Detergents are available in the market in different forms. Some of the popular types of washing machine detergents are washing powder, washing liquid, washing soap and washing tablets. Washing powder comes in a powdered form and they are easily soluble in water. The washing powder provides lot of bubbles and fragrance to the washing water. Washing powder is easily dispensable and protects clothes from germs and dirt. Washing liquid is something which is watery in nature and it can be used by pouring the liquid into the water, it easily combines with the water and removes tough stains and grime from the clothes. Washing tablet comes in the form of small buttons and they are easily soluble in water, these tablets can be dropped inside the washing tub and on rotation of the tub the tablet dissolves and merges with water. It protects the clothes and provides fragrance too.

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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE TOP FIVE DETERGENT BRANDS Some of the popular brands of detergents used in America are

Tide with Bleach Alternative- This detergent is found to be costlier than other detergents but ranks first due to the removal of tough hard stains and odor removal. The detergent is professionally tested and has gained many good reviews from the customers.

Great Value Ultra-The washing detergent is little cheaper than compared to Tide. It removes stains to certain extent. The detergent has gained popularity due to the low price and it is generally suitable for normal clothes.

Cheer color guard HE-This is a highly concentrated soap and it is recommended for usage in front loading washing machines and high proficiency top loaders mostly. It has a color guard and works well on stains.

Seventh Generation Free and Clear-This detergent is an eco-friendly detergent and it is made out of vegetable oils instead of petroleum products. The detergent is friendly to the environment and gentle to the clothes. Acts well on stains and provide good fragrance.

Cheer Free and Gentle- This is a mild detergent and the usage of chemical is also very low in this case. It is suitable for babies and children. The chemicals are harmless and do not react upon the skin of the babies.

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3.5 WASHING MACHINE MANUFACTURERS

Alliance Laundry (Speed Queen) Amica Antonio Merloni under the brand names Asko, Ardo, Philco and Servis Arelik - including the brand names Beko, Blomberg, Altus and Arctic Bendix Bosch - including the brand names Siemens, Neff, Balay, Profilo and Constructa Candy - including the brand names Hoover and Zerowatt Continental Girbau Dexter Laundry Dyson (no longer produced)

Electrolux - including the brand names AEG, Frigidaire, John Lewis, Rex, Tricity Bendix, Zanussi and Zoppas Fagor - including the brand names Brandt, Thompson, Ocean and SanGiorgio Fisher & Paykel GE - including (in the United States) the brand name Hotpoint Godrej (India) Gorenje Haier Hitachi Indesit - including the brand names Hotpoint-Ariston, Creda and Scholtes LG Pellerin Milnor Samsung Schulthess - including the brand name Merker Smeg Staber Videocon (India) Washex Whirlpool - including the brand names Admiral, Amana, Inglis, Kenmore, Maytag, Magic Chef, Estate, Kirkland and Roper. 19

4. PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE: Mission:

To support the basic family economy, through the design and distribution of bicycle machines, providing an efficient alternative for the rural development of India.

It all started around 3 months ago, we are going around scrap yards, local dumps, and could not believe how much was being wasted. So we thought about trying to make something out of waste washing machines. A washing machine that was eco friendly also helps get you fit so we built the pedal powered washing machine. It took about twenty weeks tinkering in the evening and many failed attempts to start with. But after a few attempts we noticed that the machine wanted to build itself so we worked with it, and after each hurdle we faced we just sat down and looked, and out of the blue the problem was solved this carried on for quite a while so you could say the machine built itself. 20 The workings of the washing machine are so simple. All you need is an old washing machine to strip down, just the drum and shocks, we made a frame for the machine to sit on. We made a frame for the bike to sit on using the brazons on the bike connected the whole machine together and it worked! This could help many people in developing nations, eco villages, conserve water, and of course get you fit.

5. BACKGROUND

5.1NEED

In developing countries, rural women are among the least privileged. Women are both essential to The family unit and integral to the economy, yet they rarely have equal opportunities for education, Career development or social status when compared to men. One factor behind the inequality is the long list of responsibilities that traditionally fall to Women. Not only do women perform agricultural duties and care for livestock alongside men, but Women are also responsible for many domestic chores. Usually, new technology improves people Efficiency, but women benefit less from new technology for several reasons. First, womens duties Are neglected by technological improvement efforts because domestic chores are often seen as cultural Obligations for women so little effort is expended to diminish them. Second, foreign aid in the Form of appropriate technologies is unevenly distributed because women are often considered less technically competent than men. Factors like these tend to prevent the development of improved Technology for womens uncompensated, timeconsuming, and laborious tasks. Our team intends to directly address the plight faced by women by developing a pedal-powered Washing machine. . The success pedal power is effective and applicable To their community. Womens cooperatives that use a pedal-powered washing machine that would allow them to spend more time on profitable tasks and less time doing chores. An Average woman may do two to three loads per week for a family of about five children and her Husband. It generally takes at least 8 hours of washing time, not including the extra time needed to Walk to the public washing reservoir or hang up clothes to dry. 21 Additionally, while washing clothes By hand, women spend hours leaning over a concrete basin. Clothes are washed by laboriously scrubbing each section of cloth over a cement washboard with their hands immersed in detergents Those are harmful to the skin. A pedal-powered washing machine would allow women to wash clothes faster and with less Strain. When asked what they would do with their free time, women said that they would try to Generate income by making crafts or food to sell. Young daughters who help their mothers with Domestic chores may also have the opportunity to concentrate more on their studies. Laundromat

Micro-enterprises may even arise if our washing machines are successful. Conditions vary in Developing countries, but women in many regions are washing clothes manually while they could Be doing more profitable or rewarding work elsewhere.

5.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTS

Women in India (Gujarat) wash clothes manually, but the detergents are chemically harmful to their Hands and the motion of scrubbing is straining to the muscles. Our goal is to design an inexpensive And durable pedal-powered washing machine for use in rural areas to gently wash clothes. Due to Cost constraints, the washing machine is to be shared among several families or can be used by a Local entrepreneur to run a laundering service. The washing machine must be easy to build and Maintain locally with local materials, easy to operate (minimal required steps), and easy to power by women or children. It must also be more comfortable to use than manual methods and culturally Acceptable in India.

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6. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
The most important aspect in the design of the machine is its ability to perform as a device that eases the task of washing clothes. In order to be a viable solution in rural areas, the machine should be able to deliver the same quality of washing without adding excessive overheads (in terms Of water use, clothing wear, effort required to operate, etc.). Thus the design and operation of the Machine should be firmly grounded in the physics of clothes washing, with a special emphasis

on the mechanical aspects (since water temperature and detergent composition are likely to vary). The group also identified a number of secondary goals with varying degrees of importance that could help make the machine more useful and thus more successful. The ability to spin-dry clothes would increase water economy by requiring fewer wash cycles, and could relieve the strenuous task of manually wringing the clothes before they are hung to dry. If the layout of the machine allowed the user to perform manual work (hand-craft, food preparation, etc.) while pedaling, we could further reduce the amount of time consumed by washing. A number of safety features should also to be included in order to mitigate the inherent safety issues involved in a chain-driven machine. If the machine was to be used in a home, insuring its portability of would allow it to be shared among families, transported close to a water source for operation, or used in households where space is limited. Another set of specifications for load sizing, water usage and pricing, depend on the targeted Community. Since we are expecting the amount of laundry to vary between families, an initial size was selected based on existing washing machines, and designs allowing for easy re-sizing were preferred.

ANALYSIS: Cleaning: Machine-washed clothes must be as clean as those hand-washed for 5 minutes [color] Gentleness: Must wear clothes at slower rate than hand-washing [hole/tear growth] Capacity: Minimum 3kg of clothes/load should be easy to re-size.

23 Water: Effective washing must occur in soft and hard water at temperatures from 70-120_F Water usage: Maximum 5L water / 1kg clothes Active pedaling time for effective washing: Maximum 20 minutes each for wash and rinse cycles Total operation time:

Maximum 1 hour, including fetching water, filling, washing, draining, and cleaning machine Power: Maximum 100W (comfortable level of human-power output) Lifetime of structure: 10 years, assuming daily use Manufacturing capital cost: 5000 Rs. (welder, metal cutter, shop tools) Manufacturing location: lcit, Bhandu Materials: Local (shaft, bearing, weld able metals, galvanized drum, cycle parts, etc.) Dimensions: [Less than combined size of a cycle and commercial washing machine] Weight: Maximum 30kg or 45kg if it has wheels (1 woman can move it indoors so it cant Be stolen or damaged). Culturally acceptable: Suitable appearance, user position and motion such that most Women are willing to use the machine. Drum maximum rotation: 400 rpm without cloth and water, with 250 rpm.

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7. DESIGN ALTERNATIVES:
The team evaluated a number of mechanisms that could serve as the basis for the washing machine. Initial concepts were developed starting from the mechanical requirements of laundry washing, with inspiration drawn from existing and historical washing machines. Refer to the Appendix for diagrams of the design alternatives.

 Vertical-Axis Agitator: The usual washing machine found in American homes consists of two vertical-axis concentric tubs. The inner tube, which holds the clothes, has densely-spaced perforations which allow the water to run in and out easily. Soap and water are kept inside the outer tub during the was cycle. A central agitator alternating directions induces friction between the clothes to mechanically remove dirt and stains. For the spin cycle, water is emptied from the outer drum and the inner drum is spun to centrifugally extract water from the clothes. 25 HORIZONTAL-AXIS TUMBLER:

Commonly used in European homes, this washer also uses two concentric tubs, however their revolution axis is horizontal. Instead of using an agitator, the horizontal washer utilizes fins along the inner barrel that lift the clothes on the side of the drum, and let them fall back in the water on top of other clothes. Cycling the clothes through the water in this fashion eliminates the need for rapid changes in the direction of rotation of the agitator, which results in lower energy requirements. Since the drum is only filled up to one third with water, the machine realizes a sizeable water economy. Crank-shaft piston: Rather than using rotational motion to agitate the clothes, we were considering using a crack-shaft to convert the rotation of the pedals to vertical translation of a piston. There are several possibilities for the piston design. The clothes can be held in a container with holes that is plunged into and out of the water. The piston can also be a solid block pushing the clothes underneath it through the water. Two plates with holes could hold clothes between them as they plunge in and out of the water. We did not select this design because it seemed inefficient to convert the rotation of the pedals into vertical motion since commercial washers operate on rotational motion already. 26 TILTED-AXIS TUMBLER:

A tub spinning at a inclined axis using a helical fin would perform the same kind of action, in a fashion similar to a cement mixer. The tilted design would allow for easier addition of water and clothes. No known commercial washers use this mechanism. Manufacturing of the helical fin proved to be problematic, and the other construction benefits we were hoping for in the tilted axis design did not end up materializing themselves. No conclusive cleaning experiments were performed using this design.

Pressurized Bubbler: A rather new concept is pressurizing air and bubbling it forcefully through the clothes. This may lift the dirt off the clothes without requiring them to be scrubbed against one another. Heated water has also been shown to increase cleaning efficiency. Since this idea is not common in commercial washers, we thought it would be too risky to base our prototype on it without having a good understanding of the cleaning mechanism or how to implement it with cheap, available, easy-to-maintain components.

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8. FINAL DESIGN CHOICES:

Our final design resembles a commercially available horizontal axis washer. The inner drum which holds the clothes is currently constructed by modifying a plastic utility tub. Tubs like these are widely available in anywhere, but could easily be substituted for other types of buckets, perforated sheet metal or mesh, depending on availability. The inner drum is perforated, so that spinning the drum will extract water from the garments. There are also three triangular fins inside the inner drum that agitate the clothes during the wash cycle. The main structure of the machine consists of a simple tube frame. The frame can be built by modifying an existing bicycle frame. The inner drum is mounted on one side of a pedal shaft. Rotational force turns the drum via a drive gear attached to the opposite side of the pedal shaft. A bicycle chain connects the gear at the drum to a set of pedals mounted on the its frame. The pedals are mounted close to the ground so that the operator can pedal the machine while seated In a regular chair. There is an outer barrel that surrounds the inner drum and contains all the water. In our current design, the outer barrel is constructed using a common plastic oil drum. The operator loads and unloads clothing from the inner drum through a cutout on the side of the outer barrel. The operator drains the soapy water and rinse water by opening a drain value at the bottom of the barrel. A convenient feature of the peddling washing machine is the optional table mounted above the structure. The operator can use her hands to do manual work like weaving while pedaling the machine. Women are expressed interest in this particular feature.

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9. PART OF THE WASHING MACHINE:

9.1 SHAFTING:

Here we are using a iron-hollow shafting. It is a main base for the mounting the flywheel, fins and both the drums. It is shown in figure .first of all when we applying the pedal this shafting is rotated by means of chain drives.

9.2 GEARING:

The machine uses a regular mountain bicycle transmission which can provide gear ratios between 1:1 and 3.5:1. 29 The user is expected to turn the pedals of the machine at about 60 rpm for the wash Cycle and a higher 80 rpm during the dry cycle, where the lack of resistance from water makes Pedaling easier (continuous pedaling is not necessary in this case). With a inner drum diameter of 19in, at a 1:1 gear

ratio, pedaling at 60rpm results in a centripetal acceleration on the clothing of about 0.87 g, which results in efficient clothing tumbling. For the spin cycle, the user would switch to the highest available gear, and a pedal speed of 80 rpm results in an acceleration of 18.5 g. This has been shown to extract 50% of the water from wet cotton clothing (remaining water weight in clothing is approximately 90% of the dry fabric weight - comparable to commercial vertical axis washing machines). 9.3 BEARING:

SLIDING BEARING AND ROLLING BEARING:

Bearing are used as a mechanical component to transfer the power and to move a certain part, and is done by utilizing the small frictional forces of the bearing, which makes rotates easily withstanding the force and weight load acting against them. 30 Bearing house be classified into two major groups, namely, sliding bearings and rolling bearings, depending on their friction type.

Three types of bearing are shown in fig. and ball bearing has balls between inner ring and outer ring and roller bearing has rollers instead of balls. Either balls or rollers of rolling bearings serve the same purpose as the lubricating oil in the sliding bearings. Rolling bearing have some advantages as listed below, compared with the sliding bearing. Because bearing specifications are standardized internationally, most rolling bearing are interchangeable, and could be replaced easily with the made by different manufacturers. Surrounding structures of a bearing could be simplified. Easy to diagnose and maintain. Comparatively easy to be used even under the high or low temperatures. The rigidity of bearing could be increased by applying preload.

9.4 FLYWHEEL:

Here we are using a 20 teeth back wheel of the cycle flywheel. It is attached with the shafting and another end with the cycle big flywheel by means of chain drive. It is shown in figure. 31 9.5 FINS:

We are using an opposite shaped fins to creates the turbulence inside the drum water and cloth. We are using second hand fins of the A.C. It is attached with the shafting by means of gas welding. When we applying the pedal shafting is attached by means of flywheel there for fins also rotated with the shaft in the drums.

9.6 DRUM:

32 Here we are using a galvanized drum. First of all we are thinking about the plasting drum, but after practice we are failed. Then we decided the used heavy structure drum of the galvanized drum both inner and outer. Drum is shown in figure. It is a main important part of the peddling washing

machine because of all load of water; cloth is rotated by with drums. So its required heavy structure.

9.7 WATER USAGE: The diameter of the outer tub is 23 inches, and depth 22 inches. Our machine is not optimally efficient in terms of water use, since the plastic construction of the inner drum required larger clearance between the two tubs in order to prevent contact during the spin cycle. The front of the Outer drum also extends considerably past the front of the inner drum to provide easy access for Clothes. With approximately 1/3 of the capacity of the outer drum filled with water, the machine requires about 10 gallons of water. Total water usage for one load of laundry adds up to approximately 20 gallons, half of which is used for the wash cycle, while the other half is used for the first rinse cycle. The water from the second rinse cycle, containing just soap, can be reused for washing the next laundry load. We expect that clever design would allow for sizeable reduction in the water Requirement in the next prototype.

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10. WORKING OF PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE:

The main important thing is how the pedal powered washing machine works? Here after manufacture we are starting a working of the peddling washing machine. First of all open the both the door of the inside and outside drums. Then put up the cloth in the drum. After put up the cloth according to requirement put the 5 to 10 liters water and the washing powder.

Now close the both the door. And sit on the cycle and starting up to applying a pedal with slowly .After 15 to 20 minutes applying the pedal stop the applying the pedal and see whats happens. Then removes the inside water with the help of below pipes in the one doll or other objects. After removing the water apply the some pedal its gain the heat inside the drums and its help into the drying the cloth. Then remove the cloth from the drum. 34

This way working of the peddling washing machine is done .also working is easily understand showing the above figures.

10.1 SAVINGS (OR ADVANTAGES):

Loads per Week 6 8 10 12 14 16

Gallons of per Year 8,856 10,824 13,777 16,729 19,681 22,633

Gallons of Saved per Year 8 10 12 15 17 20

kWh of Electricity Saved per Year 839 1,025 1,305 1,585 1,864 2,144 35

Total Savings in Rs./- per Month 1020 1372 1666 2009 2303 2597

Total savings in Rs./per Year

Water Saved Detergent

12838 16464 19992 24108 27636 31164

VALUE AND SERVICE:

Uses 66% less water than a top load agitator washer Uses 50% less energy than a top load agitator washer Uses 75% less laundry additives than a top load agitator washer

11. COST:

MATERIAL
Hollow shafting Flywheel Bearing Bearing bush Fins Inner and outer drum Bicycle Frame structure Gas and electrical Welding Transport and colour Total (Rs.)

QUANTITY
1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 ---

RS.
100 50 200 150 1000 3000 700 1000 200 600 7000

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12. EASE OF USE:

It is easy to use by younger and older women. After loading the machine, Washing requires three cycles. Between each cycle, the drum spins quickly to draw the water out Of the clothing, as it

drains out of the drum. In the first cycle, water and detergent are added to the drum. The operator pedals the machine for roughly 25 minutes, spins, and drains the water. The next two cycles are rinse cycles. In each rinse cycle, the operator pours clean water into the Machine, pedals for 10 minutes, spins, drains the drum. After the last rinse cycle, the operator Spins the clothes dry and saves the slightly soapy water for the next wash cycle. Our research into existing washers and our earlier prototypes indicate that the power required for washing and spinning is relatively low. We demonstrated that it is not difficult to spin a perforated Plastic drum up to extraction speeds with clothes inside. For these experiments, we used a Geared transmission from a bicycle. Both younger and older women can generate enough power for the wash and spin cycles. We Estimate this power to be 50-75 watts. While familiarity with pedaling in general and the machine In particular will reduce the effort expended by the user, no prior experience will be necessary for Its operation. The ability to change gearing ratios will allow some level of tuning to individual Users and also allow for shorter wash times with more power input or conversely less strenuous Operation if the user can pedal for a longer amount of time.

13. JUSTIFICATION:
EFFICIENT: It is much more efficient to wash clothes using than to use the manual washing tanks. Its also requires less energy when compared to vertical axis washing machines. The horizontal axis of rotation uses less power because it rotates continuously without changing directions. The operator does not need to combat the momentum and drag forces of a barrel full of water. The operator does Not need to lean over the washing tank and submerge her hands in the soapy water. Instead, the operator sits on the seat and pedals most of the time. She only needs get up to load the machine, change the water and unload the machine. This leaves her hands free to work on making crafts and keeps them out of the harmful detergent. 37 EASY TO BUILD AND MAINTAIN: Unlike any of the other alternatives, its uses locally available materials or recycled bicycle parts. It can be produced in any area that has prevalent bicycle technology and things like plastic buckets. Since the parts are widely available, it can serve as a basis for local entrepreneurs to start

microenterprises which would stimulate the local economy. Another advantage of using locally available parts is that easy to repair. It is mechanically simple enough that any bicycle repair shop would be able to service the pedal-drive.

14. CRITIQUE OF PROTOTYPE:

INNER BARREL INSTABILITY:

The inner barrel was cantilevered from a rotating shaft supported in a bicycle bottom bracket. Since the plastic was so flexible, the inner barrel distorts quite a bit during rotation and needs a large clearance within the outer barrel to avoid collisions. Frequent use would probably lead to fatigue failure of the bucket, shaft, or bearing. 38

VIBRATION:

Our structure of our initial prototype was made primarily out of wooden planks bolted to each other and the frame because we wanted it to be easy to disassemble for design changes, and light for portability. However, using removable fasteners increases the assembly time and leaves possibilities for tampering since the machine is used in public spaces. Also having a light-weight structural frame makes it difficult to prevent vibrations during the spin-dry cycle when clothes may gain a centripetal acceleration of up to 20G. We had been putting removable 50lb weights on the structure to allow it to remain portable, but the final design should have the weight incorporated into its structure so it will not be misused.

15. NEXT STEP

15.1 NEXT GENERATION PROTOTYPE
DOUBLE SUPPORTED INNER BARREL: The inner barrel will be supported at both ends fixed to a rotating shaft. Since the first prototype had one open end to allow for side-loading, alternative loading mechanisms must be designed. One option is to have a trap door in both the inner and outer barrels. Another is to make one of the support for the inner barrel movable so that the inner barrel can still be opened and accessed from the side.

WELDED STEEL STRUCTURE: To reduce the assembly time and prevent others from tampering with it in public areas, the structure will be made out of welded angle iron. Welding fixtures may be designed to make it easier to weld several structures with proper alignment of components. The welded structure will add to the weight of the machine, making it inherently less likely to vibrate. The steel structure may also be cemented into the ground to ensure stability and security of the machine from theft. 39 DIFFERENT MATERIALS FOR OUTER BARREL:

We are considering using a steel oil drum so it can be welded directly to the structure. Welded attachment points would not require any bolt holes that need to be sealed. The oil drum may also be shortened by cutting off the end, and welding on a steel lid. Steel would also be more rigid than the plastic drum we used for the initial prototype, so it would be easier to align the barrels and avoid collisions during rotation. We are also considering using a cement basin that has the structure incorporated into it. This would make the machine much easier to manufacture because most of the machine would be a single intact piece.

STEERING COLUMN OR INDUSTRIAL BEARINGS: Since we does not currently have a use for the steering columns they receive, it would nice to incorporate it into the washing machine design so the component would not go to waste. Industrial bearings are also available everywhere. If we find that bicycle bearings are not suitable to support the load, we may use industrial bearings with greater tolerances and load capacities.

EXTEND BARRELS AXIALLY: We are assuming that extending the barrel axially will not greatly increase the effort that must be exerted to rotate the barrel. Having longer barrels would increase the capacity of the machine and the amount of clothes that may be washed at one time. There are possibilities for dividing the outer barrel so that there are two compartments, which would allow for washing to occur on one side and rinsing occurring on the other with the same shaft rotating two separate inner barrels. FAUCET DRAIN SPOUT: To maximize the ease of use, we will use a faucet spout rather than a rubber stopper so the outflow of water can be better controlled. Leakage may be less of a concern if there was a fixed spout rather than a removable stopper which could be easily lost or may not fit properly after repeated use. 40

16. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE: ADVANTAGE:

Having a washing machine will make you forget about Laundromats. If you buy one, you will have enough freedom to wash clothes when you need to with comfort. The greatest washing machine's advantage is time. Just think about all the things you could be doing while clothes are being washed. Although prices are high, your time is precious. Specially, if you are with your family or performing activities you like. If you have your own washing machine, you can determine what kinds of washing procedures you need for each piece of cloth and you do not need other people to do it for you. Uses less water, power, and soap Cleans as well as commercial washer with similar capacity Spin dries so no wringing needed Comfortable to use Enables women to do more rewarding things Technology for women Community investment that also benefits the poor Sustainable with local production and maintenance Replicable anywhere with bicycles Save the water. It is a non-polluting, as well as not using any types of electricity. Also we get the advantage of exercises with washing the cloth by means of applying the pedal.

DISADVANTAGES:
The washing machine needs detergent, and water. This means an increase of consumption and expenses in your house. If you are about to buy a washing machine, you should bear these items in mind as future expenses and analyze your economic possibilities. The washing machine occupies too much space. If you generally change spaces or live in small apartments, having a washing machine will be a disadvantage for you to move around and for the machine too. 41

17. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE WASHING MACHINE AND PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE:

WASHING MACHINE
1. Its cost is high.

PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE

1. Cost is lower.

2.

Making

is

required

complicated 2. Making is easy anyone can make at home.

programmers.

3. Electricity working.

is

necessary

for

the 3. Not electricity is required.

4. Life is longer.

4. Life is little bit shorter.

5. Maintenance is costly.

5. Maintenance is easy and not costly.

6. Required less space.

6. Required more space.

7. Design is complicated.

7. Design is simple.

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18. APPLICATION:

It is very useful into the local rural areas. Saving in detergent and the water Scale free tub Reduced traces of detergent on clothes Better wash quality Softer clothes Easy to operate and the less effect of chemical on the women hand. Exercise is also done with the applying the pedal.

43 19. SOME ANOTHER IMAGES OF PEDDLING WASHING MACHINE- IDEAS:

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20. CONCLUSION:

From the above project, it can be concluded that the peddling washing machine is a very simple yet very powerful design of washing cloth which if brought into application in the rural areas of the developing countries can aid a lot of plight and the suffering of the poor peoples who find it very difficult to wash cloth by means of hand. Thus it is used as a application keeping in mind the social welfare of the peoples of the rural areas. Also It is safe in working condition and hence it does not require any safety guards during operation. The cost of maintenance is a low and it has a long life.

45 21. REFERENCES: Http://en.wikipedea.org/wiki/washing machine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bearing_(mechanical) www.google.com www.ecofriend.com/entry/another-pedal-powered-washingmachine/

www.igreenspot.com/laundering-a-pedal-powered-washingmachine/

Web.mit.edu/teresab/www/bicilavadora/index.html www.ibike.org/library/tech.htm Www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-advantages-of-a-front-loadingwashing-machine.htm

 Www.circuitprotection.com applications

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