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%u3ac's Semitic XTeyt a& translation Series. n

IDol IX.

I. THE HISTORY
OF

RABBAN HORMIZD THE PERSIAN.

II. THE HISTORY
OF

RABBAN BAR-'IDTA.

THE HISTORIES
OF

RABBAN HORMIZD THE PERSIAN

AND

RABBAN BAR-TDTA.
THE SYRIAC TEXTS EDITED WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
BY

E. A.WALLIS BUDGE, M. A, LITT. D., D. LIT.,

KEEPER OF THE EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES IN TUE BRITISH MUSEUM.

T H E SYRIAC T E X T S .

Hantmn:
LUZAC AND
igo2.
[All Rights Reserved.]

Co.

PRINTED BY ADOLPHUS HOLZHAUSEN, VIENNA

Y,9

preface.
The Syriac texts printed in the following pages

are edited from two modern manuscripts in my own possession which were copied at my expense by the deacon
c

Isa bar-Isha c ya at Al-Kosh some few years

ago. The original manuscripts were in the possession of a native gentleman of great age, who kindly permitted them to be copied, but who would not for a moment entertain the idea of selling them ; during his lifetime he took the greatest care of his manuscripts, but at his death they were scattered, and for all practical purposes they are lost. I never saw the manuscripts from which the copies that were made for me were taken, but both were, I was credibly informed, made in the Xllth or Xlllth century of our era. The earlier manuscript, which contained the Life of Rabban Bar- c Idta, was in a good state of preservation, as may be seen from the excellence of the

-110404

VI

PREFACE.

text, and was regarded by its owner as a most precious possession ; the later manuscript, which contained the Life of Rabban Hormizd, was not so well preserved, and contained a number of leaves written in a comparatively modern hand. I have printed the text of both works as faithfully as possible, having arranged certain passages in what I believe to be their correct order, for it seemed that some leaves in the original manuscripts had been bound u p . in wrong places. The texts, one in prose and the other in metre, here given are published for the first time and are of importance, for they describe the lives of two founders of great monasteries which became centres for the teaching of doctrine and asceticism at a critical period in the history of the Nestorian Church. The more interesting of the two is, perhaps, the Life of Rabban Hormizd, who may be regarded as the type of the fanatical Persian Nestorian of limited intellectual attainments, but endowed to the full with all the religious enthusiasm and mysticism which are characteristic of a deeply spiritual nature that has been developed by excessive fasting and prayer, and by the abstinence, and self-denial, and nakedness, and voluntary poverty which belonged to the stern rigour of a solitary life

PREFACE.

VII

lived among the savage fastnesses of the inhospitable mountains to the north-east of Nineveh. The facts given as historical must, of course, in all such documents be received with care, not because the original writer of the work wished to distort them, but because the copyists have often been wholly ignorant of the true chronology of events, and because their sole object has generally been to magnify, regardless of all probability or possibility, the actions of the object of their encomiums. In like manner too much importance must not be assigned to the opinions attributed to Nestorian saints or the subject of their theological opponents, especially when they were Christians who held doctrines unlike those of the Nestorians; to this day many Nestorians and Jacobites revile and hate each other with as great thoroughness and earnestness as they did in the days of Rabban Bar-'Idta or Rabban Hormizd. A few extracts from the prose Life of Rabban Hormizd will be found in my Book of Governors, vol. I, pp. CLVIICLXVI, London 1893, and the complete text of the metrical version of his Life by Sergius of Adhorbaijan was published by me in the Parts 2 and 3 of Semitistische Studien, Berlin 1894. The metrical version is of considerable interest from a philological point of view, but as it seems to have been com-

VIII

PREFACE.

posed more for the purpose of displaying the writer's skill in the manipulation of Syriac words, and the fertility of his imagination in the invention of verbal forms, than for making known the chief events of Rabban Hormizd's life, it is of less value historically than the prose version. I have, however, prepared a tolerably literal translation of it, and this will, it is hoped, appear in the second volume of the present work. E. A. W A L L I S
LONDON. M a r c h 29th, 1901.

BUDGE.

Content^
I. T H E L I F E OF RABBAN HORMIZD. CHAPTER I.
THE VALUE

T H E AUTHOR'S
AND

PREFACE,
OF

A DISCOURSE ON
THE MEOF RABBAN 39 OF RABBAN

IMPORTANCE

PRESERVING

MORIALS OF HOLY MEN, AND A COMPARISON HORMIZD WITH THE SAINTS OF OLD CHAPTER II. CONCERNING THE BIRTHPLACE

HORMIZD,

HIS PARENTS AND EDUCATION, HIS DECISION TO THE VISION WHICH HE SAW IN WHICH AND HIS 9II

BECOME A MONK,

AN ANGEL GIVES HIM A CROWN OF FINE GOLD, DEPARTURE FOR JERUSALEM CHAPTER I I I . THE MODERN

CONCERNING HIS ARRIVAL IN MAWSEL (MAWSIL, MOSUL, OR NINEVEH), HIS MEETING WITH

THREE OF RABBAN BAR-'IDTA'S MONKS IN THE CHURCH OF BETH HALA, AND HIS DECISION TO BECOME A MONK IN THE MONASTERY OF THIS HOLY MAN
CHAPTER IV. CONCERNING HIS ARRIVAL AT THE MONAS-

1213

T E R Y OF RABBAN BAR- C IDTA IN MARGA, HIS RECEPTION OF THE TONSURE, HIS STERN LIFE OF ABSTINENCE AND SELFDENIAL, HIS SPIRITUAL POWERS AND GREAT HUMILITY, THE VISIT OF THE DEVIL TO H I M , AND HIS TEMPTATIONS BY l320 V. CONCERNING THE CURES WROUGHT BY RAB-

DEVILS CHAPTER

BAN HORMIZD, THE RAISING TO LIFE OF THE YOUNG MAN, THE CONFESSION OF THE DEVIL, THE ANGER OF SATAN, THE TEMPTATIONS BY FIENDS, ETC 213o

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER V I .

HOW RABBAN H6RMIZD TURNED WATER

INTO

O L I V E . O I L , AND RELEASED TWENTY-SEVEN PRISONERS FROM THE PRISON OF THE GOVERNOR, AND HOW MAR SYLVANUS, BISHOP OF KARDO, VISITED THE MONASTERY OF RABBAN

BAR-'IDTA, H O W RABBAN HORMIZD LEFT THAT MONASTERY W I T H RABBAN ABRAHAM C H A P T E R V I I . H O W RABBAN HORMIZD WENT TO THE MONASTERY OF RISHA, AND CONCERNING THE CURES WHICH 3l43

HE W R O U G H T ; THE STORY OF THE YOUNG MAN OF BALADH WHO WAS CURED OF BLINDNESS; AND OF THE YOUNG MAN WHO HAD BEEN BITTEN BY A MAD D O G ; AND OF THE LEPROUS WOMAN FROM MAwSEL ; AND OF THE SHEPHERD WHO ATE POISONED FOOD AND D I E D , AND WAS RAISED TO LIFE AGAIN; AND H O W RABBAN HORMIZD WENT TO BETH <EDHRAI 4351

CHAPTER V I I I .

RABBAN H6RMIZD AND THE PEOPLE OF AL-

KOSH, THE CONSECRATION OF THE CHURCH AT ARSHAM, HOW RABBAN RAISED TO LIFE A YOUNG MAN W H O HAD DIED ON THE WAY FROM BETH KOPA, AND H O W THE MONKS OF THE JACOBITE MONASTERY OF BEZKIN HATED RABBAN CHAPTER IX. HOW TEN MONKS FROM THE MONASTERY OF 5760 5257

BEZKIN FELL UPON RABBAN AND BEAT HIM NEARLY TO DEATH C H A P T E R X . THE STORY OF THE MURDER OF THE HARLOT OF BEZKIN, AND H O W RABBAN RAISED HER UP FROM THE DEAD TO DECLARE HER MURDERERS, AND HOW HE MADE HER BABY TO SPEAK AND SAY W H O HIS FATHER WAS IN THE PRESENCE OF THE GOVERNOR OF MAWSEL C H A P T E R X I . H O W SHAIB1N T H E SON OF T H E GOVERNOR OF MAWSEL WAS HEALED OF HIS DISEASE, H O W THE JACOBITES OF BEZKIN TRIED TO LEAD THE GOVERNOR ASTRAY, AND H O W RABBAN DECLARED THE SUPERIOR POWER OF NESTORIAN BAPTISM CHAPTER XII. THE STORY OF THE MIRACLE WHICH HE

6065

6669

WROUGHT IN THE MATTER OF THE BAPTISM OF THE GOVERNOR AND HIS SON CHAPTER XIII. H O W RABBAN SHEWED KINDNESS TO MEN 7071

WHO HAD COME TO MURDER HIM FROM BEZKIN, AND H O W IT HAD NO EFFECT ON THEM 7273

CONTENTS.

XI
PAGE

CHAPTER

XIV.

H O W THE MONKS OF REZKIN WENT TO THE

IDOL IN THE MONASTERY OF MATTAI, AND HOW, BY MAGICAL MEANS, THEY STOLE AWAY THE GOVERNOR'S SENSES, AND HOW HE WENT TO VISIT THE MONKS IN THE MONASTERY OF BEZKIN C H A P T E R X V . THE STORY OF THE DESTRUCTION OF T H E MONASTERY OF BEZKIN AND H O W IT WAS PLUNDERED BY THE MONKS OF MAR A I T - A L L A H A AND BY THE VILLAGERS ROUND ABOUT, H O W CUKBE THE GOVERNOR TOOK UP H I S ABODE AT AL-K6SH, IN THE HOUSE OF THE DEACON GABRIEL, AND H O W THE MONKS OF MAR AIT-ALLAHA BEGAN TO BUILD A CHURCH FOR RABBAN C H A P T E R X V I . H O W THE BUILDING OF THE MONASTERY OF RABBAN HORM1ZD W A S BEGUN NEAR A L - K O S H , AND H O W RABBAN HORMIZD WENT TO THE MONASTERY OF MAR MATTAI, AND STOLE THE IDOL FROM THE SHRINE THERE 80 82 CHAPTER X V I I . HOW THE WORSHIP OF IDOLS GREW AND SPREAD IN MESOPOTAMIA THROUGH THE TEACHING OF A CERTAIN SORCERESS IN EGYPT, H O W RABBAN SHEWED GABRIEL THE IDOL WHICH H E HAD TAKEN FROM THE MONASTERY OF M A R MATTAI, H O W THE DEVIL CRIED OUT BEFORE RABBAN IN THE PRESENCE OF H I S DISCIPLES, AND H O W GABRIEL SHEWED THE IDOL TO THE VILLAGERS ROUND ABOUT 8284 7779 7477

CHAPTER X V I I I . HOW TUMARSA II. THE PATRIARCH AND CATHOLICUS CAME AND CONSECRATED T H E MONASTERY OF RABBAN, AND H O W H E EXEMPTED IT FROM THE JURISDICTION OF EVERY ECCLESIASTICAL DIGNITARY EXCEPT THE PATRIARCH . 8 4 8 9 CHAPTER XIX. HOW KH6DAHWI GAVE A GIFT OF MONEY 90

UNTO THE CATHOLICUS T U M A R S A I I C H A P T E R X X . H O W TWENTY JACOBITES WERE DROWNED IN THE TIGRIS THROUGH THE CAPSIZING OF THE FERRY-BOAT OF PITHldN CHAPTER XXI. HOW RABBAN WENT TO THE MONASTERY OF MAR MATTAI AND DESTROYED THE BOOKS OF JACOBITE DOCTRINE CONTAINED THEREIN CHAPTER XXII. H O W RABBAN TRIUMPHED OVER IGNATIUS

9192

9294

THE SORCERER, HOW IGNATIUS QUARRELLED WITH HIS DEVIL,

XII

CONTENTS.

AND HOW HE WORKED UPON THE MIND OF THE GOVERNOR OF MAWREL THROUGH HIS SORCERIES 95~97

CHAPTER

XXIII.

HOW IGNATIUS CAME TO THE GOVERNOR

AND MADE HIM HOSTILE TO RABBAN, H O W IGNATIUS PRETENDED TO BE ABLE TO HEAL THE SON OF r ALI THE GOVERNOR AND COULD NOT DO SO, HOW CALI SENT TO FETCH RABBAN FROM AL-KdSH, HOW RABBAN CROSSED OVER THE TIGRIS BY WALKING ON THE WATER, HOW HAVING SHEWN HIS POWER OVER THE DEVILS OF IGNATIUS HE CAUSED HIM TO DIE A TERRIBLE DEATH 98IO4

CHAPTER

XXIV.

THE LAST WORDS OF RABBAN HORMIZD,

IO4 107

HIS DEATH AND BURIAL

II,

T H E L I F E OF RABBAN BAR-TDTA.

1. THE AUTHOR'S DECLARATION OF HIS BELIEF AND HIS DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY 2. THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE, DESCRIBING HOW THE LIFE OF RABBAN BAR-'IDTA CAME TO BE WRITTEN 3. THE LIFE OF RABBAN BAR- IDTA, HIS BIRTHPLACE AND THE POSITION OF HIS PARENTS IN THE WORLD, HIS SISTER HANAHI S H O C , HE GOES TO NISIBIS, HIS EDUCATION, HIS LIFE IN THE GREAT MONASTERY, HIS LIFE IN A SEPARATE CELL, HIS
C

Il3

114

FRIENDSHIP W I T H M A R ABRAHAM, HIS KNOWLEDGE OF THE SCRIPTURES AND OF THE WORKS OF ABBA ISAIAH, ABBA

MARK, MAR EVAGRIUS, GREGORY OF NAZIENZENUS, PALLADIUS, BASIL, NESTORIUS, AND OTHERS, HIS DEPARTURE FROM THE GREAT MONASTERY AT NISIBIS I. RABBAN BAR-<IDTA LEAVES NISIBIS FOR MARGA AFTER A 115

SPIRITED ADDRESS BY M A R ABRAHAM, HIS FAREWELL TO HIS SISTER, HIS MEETING W I T H M A R ISHO e -ZEKHA II. BAR-'IDTA ARRIVES AT BETH RASTAK, HE . . . . . . 124

IS BLESSED BY

STEPHEN THE ABBOT OF THE MONASTERY OF RISHA, WHO FORETELLS WHERE RABBAN SHALL BUILD HIS MONASTERY, ZADHAN-PARRUKH AND HIS SICK SON, THE ARRIVAL AT THE SITE FOR THE MONASTERY, THE HELP RENDERED BY M A R JOSEPH AND NINE MONKS FROM THE MONASTERY OF TABHYA, THE MEASURING OF THE SITE FOR THE TEMPLE, AND THE

CONTENTS.

XIII
PAGE

FOUNDING OF THE MONASTERY OF RABBAN BAR-'IDTA A. GR. 873 . . . . III. THE STORY OF M E B H A R A K H AND THE CAMEL, AND OF THE MIRACLE WROUGHT BY RABBAN IV. THE DEATH OF MAR JOSEPH, RABBAN'S SISTER, HAVING FOUNDED A NUNNERY TO THE HONOUR OF PAMBRONIYA, DIES AGED 83 YEARS V. THE STORY OF ISHO'-SABHRAN FROM THE MONASTERY OF MAR MATTAI VI. RABBAN RESTORES THE SIGHT OF THE SON OF ISHO* APRI . VII. RABBAN EXPELS A DEVIL FROM THE SON OF ZADHAN-PARRUKH VIII. RABBAN'S VIEWS ON ASCETICISM IX. RABBAN AND MAR BABHAI SET DOWN THE NESTORIAN 141 142 l3g 140 tfj i38 l36 l35 129

FAITH IN WRITING FOR KHUSRAU, KING OF PERSIA . . . . X . THE STORY OF BISHOP Y A Z D P A N A H , WHO SINNED XL THE STORY OF THE DRIVING OF THE DEVILS OUT FROM MALBED'S HOUSE XII. THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MONKS IN RABBAN'S MONASTERY XIII. THE DEATH OF BERIKH-ISHO* XIV. THE STORY OF MATTHEW OF BETH GARMAI AND THE ENCHANTED WELL X V . THE STORY OF Y A Z D A D H AND THE BLIND WOMAN XVI. THE STORY OF TERlS-ISHO c AND THE SOLDIER . . .

144

145 145

146 147 147 148 149 149 . 150

XVII. THE STORY OF DADH-fSHO c W H O PLAYED WITH LIONS XVIII. THE STORY OF ZAKHAl AND THE SICK WOMAN XIX. THE STORY OF N I S A N A Y A AND THE LOCUSTS . XX. RABBAN BAR-'IDTA AND M A R ABHA, BISHOP OF NINEVEH XXI.

OF THE RETURN OF M A R ABHA FROM HIS JOURNEY W I T H KHUSRAU 151

IN 152

XXII. THE STORY OF T H E G R E A T FAMINE W H I C H T O O K PLACE T H E D A Y S O F P A T R I A R C H I S H O ' - Y A H B H I . A . D . 580595

XXIII. THE STORY OF THE DISPERSAL OF THE MONKS FROM BETH

C

ABHE
THE

,<....
ARCHIMANDRITE

155
156

XXIV. BAR-'IDTA ADMONISHES SAHDONA

XXV. BAR.'IDTA WARNS ISH6<-SABHRAN,

XIV

CONTENTS.
PAGE

OF

MAR MATTAI, OF COMING EVILS, AND

CONCERNING CONCERN157 160

T H E DESTRUCTION OF HIS MONASTERY, AND I N G T H E ORTHODOXY OF MARGA X X V I . Z A K H A I (NANA) A N D H I S T W E L V E D E V I L S

XXVII. THE DISGRACE OF NANA, AND T H E EXPOSURE OF THE VIEWS OF ZAKHAI, T H E F O L L O W E R OF SEVERUS . . . . XXVIII. DEVILS APPEAR TO RABBAN T H R O U G H THE AGENCY OF ZAKHAI X X I X . T H E STORY O F BAR-SAHDE AND H I S BOOKS, AND OF 162 161

. THE VEIL FROM THE MONASTERY OF A D D 6 N A , AND OF THE VISION WHICH MAR Y O Z A D H A K SAW XXX. OF THE PROPHETIC VISIONS OF RABBAN BAR-'IDTA . . . XXXI. RABBAN HORMIZD AND RABBAN MAR YOZADHAK
XXXIII. T H E STORY OF T H E SNAKE AND T H E WOODCUTTER X X X I V . MALBEDS MOTHER IS CURED OF H E R SICKNESS X X X V . RABBAN HEALS A DROPSICAL WOMAN X X X V I . T H E S T O R Y O F T H E J E W I S H T A I L O R W H O B E C A M E CONVERTED TO NESTORIANISM X X X V I I . RABBAN CAUSES A W O M A N TO HAVE T H R E E SONS XXXVIII. THE STORY TEWAYE X X X I X . T H E S T O R Y O F E M M A N U E L T H E D E A C O N A N D T H E LUSTFUL WOMAN XL. HOW THE STEP-MOTHER OF GAWS-ISHO* TRIED TO 176 175 OF JOB OF THE VILLAGE OF BETH . . . KAR173 172 IJ2>

i63 166 169

169 . 170 171 172

. . .
.

XXXII. T H E COMING OF SERGIUS INTO T H E MONASTERY . . . .

. . . .

POISON HIM X L I . T H E STORY OF T H E WOMAN W H O W A S POSSESSED OF A

DEVIL XLII. RABBAN STRAIGHTENS THE TWISTED FEET OF A YOUNG MAN

XLIII. RABBAN DRIVES A DEVIL OUT FROM A BRIDE X L I V . R A B B A N D R I V E S A D E V I L O U T F R O M A W O M A N O F BARSHIRA XL.V. RABBAN STAYS A P L A G U E AMONG T H E SHEEP X L V I . RABBAN GIVES YAZDIN A SON AND H E I R XLVII. T H E STORY OF T H E SINFUL VIRGIN X L V I I I . RABBAN H E A L S ONE O F T H E B R E T H R E N W H O W A S SICK ,

177 178
179

180 180 181 181 182

CONTENTS.

XV
PAGE

XLIX. THE STORY OF THE STOLEN BULL L . HOW RABBAN CAST OUT A DEVIL, AND H O W THAT DEVIL WENT INTO HIS CELL AND BROKE HIS STOOL AND SMASHED HIS WATERPOT, AND POURED THE CONTENTS OF HIS INK JAR UPON THE PAPER ON WHICH HE WAS WRITING .

l83

184

LI. HOW A MAGIAN WHO PERSECUTED A NESTORIAN MAIDEN FELL WITH HIS HORSE INTO THE RIVER zABH AND WAS DROWNED , 185 186

LII. H O W RABBAN TURNED A SKIN OF WATER INTO WINE . . . LJII. H O W RABBAN PROPHESIED THAT H A I L , D R O U G H T , AND MILDEW SHOULD COME UPON THE CROPS OF THE VILLAGE OF HARBATH NESPA BECAUSE ITS INHABITANTS HAD TURNED ASIDE TO THE DOCTRINE OF ZAKHAI, AND HOW THESE THINGS ACTUALLY CAME LIV. H O W RABBAN'S CROSS KEPT ERROR OUT OF A VILLAGE . . L V . THE STORY OF THE MONK AND THE LION LVI. THE STORY OF THE SICK MULE LVII. HOW A MONK WAS CURED OF THE LUST OF THE FLESH . . LVIII. THE STORY OF THE BROTHER WHO WAS CURED OF THE GOUT LIX. HOW THE WATER FROM RABBANS'S WELL KEPT AWAY

187 187 188 189 igi

igi

DEATH L X . HOW RABBAN KEPT AWAY THE WOLVES IN MARGA LXI. THE STORY OF THE NEWLY-MARRIED COUPLE LXII. THE PERIODS OF RABBAN BAR-'IDTA'S LIFE LXIII. RABBAN BAR-'IDTA'S EXHORTATIONS TO HIS MONKS . . . . LXIV. THE DEATH OF RABBAN BAR- e IDTA . . . .

192 ig3 194 195 195 197