-

2011

 681.3.06
32.973.26-018.2
63
63

.
Ubuntu : . . .: ;
.: -, 2011. 464: . + DVD

ISBN 978-5-9775-0711-0 (-)

ISBN 978-5-7502-0403-8 ( )
Ubuntu. , , ,
, , . Linux, , , , , .
, , Ubuntu One.
OpenOffice.org, , , Windows- Wine.
.
DVD Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat.

681.3.06
32.973.26-018.2
OReilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol,
CA 95472.
Nutshell Handbook OReilly OReilly Media, Inc.
/ . .
, , , ,
, , .

Ubuntu

-

02429 24.07.00. 07.02.11.

70 1001/16. . . . . 37,41.
1500 .
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77.99.60.953..005770.05.09 26.05.2009 .
.

" ""
199034, -, 9 , 12
ISBN 978-0-596-80484-8 (.)
ISBN 978-5-7502-0403-8 ( )
ISBN 978-5-9775-0711-0 (-)

2010 Robin Nixon

, -, 2011
, -,
, 2011


............................................................................................................ 1
............................................................................................................................ 1
.......................................................................................................... 2
.................................................................................................................. 2
, .......................................................................... 3
........................................................................................... 3
O'Reilly ............................................................................. 4
Safari Books Online............................................................................................................. 4
...................................................................................................................... 5
1. U BUNTU ............................................................................. 7
Ubuntu? ................................................................................................................... 8
Ubuntu ..................................................................................................... 9
Debian .............................................................................................................................. 10
GNU................................................................................................................................. 10
Linux ...................................................................................................................... 10
Tux ................................................................................................................................... 11
Linux ...................................................................................................... 11
Ubuntu .................................................................................................... 13
X Window System ........................................................................................................... 13
Linux ...................................................................................... 14
Linux .................................................................................................................. 17
Ubuntu ....................................................................................................... 19
Ubuntu ................................................................................................................ 20
, ........................................................................................................... 21
, .................................................................................................. 22
......................................................................................................................... 22
2. U BUNTU ................................................. 23
Live DVD ............................................................................................................................ 23
Live DVD ............................................................................................................. 26
........................................................................................ 27
MD5- ................................................................................................................... 28
........................................................................... 29
CD- DVD- .................................................................................... 30
Active ISO Burner Windows XP/Vista .............................................. 30
ISO Windows 7................................................................. 32
ISO Mac OS X .................................................................. 33
ISO Ubuntu ....................................................................... 33
ISO- -USB .................................................................................. 33
..................................................................................................... 34
Microsoft Virtual PC ....................................................................................................... 34
VMware ........................................................................................................................... 34
Oracle VirtualBox ............................................................................................................ 35
.............................................................................. 45

VI

............................................................................................................... 45
Ubuntu Windows ................................................................................... 45
Ubuntu ........................................................................ 50
Ubuntu 10 ................................................................................................. 62
.................................................................................................................. 62
CD .............................................................................................................. 63
................................................ 63
10.10 ......................................................................................................... 66
......................................................................................................................... 66
3. ........................................................................................ 67
................................................................................................. 67
................................................................................................. 70
............................................................................................ 72
Ethernet........................................................................................... 73
................... 75
......................................................................................................................... 78
(General) .............................................................................................. 79
(Layouts) ........................................................................................ 80
(Accessibility) .................................................. 83
(Mouse Keys) ........................................................................... 85
(Typing Break) ................................................................. 85
........................................................................................... 86
.................................................................................................................................. 87
(General) .............................................................................................. 88
(Accessibility) .................................................. 89
............................................................................................................................... 91
(Display Preferences) ....................................................................... 91
..................................................................................................................................... 99
(Sound Effects) .............................................................. 100
(Hardware) ............................................................................... 100
(Input) .................................................................................................... 100
(Output) .............................................................................................. 100
(Applications) .......................................................................... 102
PulseAudio ..................................................................................................... 103
............................................................................................................................... 103
, ............................................... 105
......................................................................................................... 105
TV- ....................................................................................................................... 106
........................................................................................... 107
(Capture cards) ..................................................................................... 108
(Video Sources)............................................................................... 109
(Input Connections) ..................................................................... 109
MythTV ............................................................................................................. 111
Web-...................................................................................................................... 111
USB- .................................................................................................................. 112
Ubuntu 10 ............................................................................................... 113
....................................................................................................................... 113

VII

4. : ........ 115
................................................................................................................. 115
(Language) ............................................................... 116
(Keyboard) ................................................... 118
(Session) ................................................................. 118
(Accessibility).................................................. 120
............................................................................................. 120
(Applications) .............................................................................. 121
(Places) ................................................................................................ 122
(System) ............................................................................................. 128
................................................................................. 130
(Quit) ............................................................................ 131
, ..................................... 135
........................................................................................ 137
............................................................................................................. 140
................................................................................................. 142
(Appearance) ............................................................... 142
.................................................................................................. 149
................................................................................................. 154
.................................................................................................................... 157
, ................................................................ 157
............................................................ 159
.................................................................................. 159
....................................................................................................................... 164
5. , .......... 165
............................................................................................................. 165
............................ 168
...................................................................... 169
............................................................................................ 169
ISO ........................................................................................... 169
...................................................................................... 169
.................................................................................................................. 171
................................................................................................. 171
................................................................................................... 172
............................................................................................... 172
.................................................................................................... 175
................................................................................................... 175
....................................................................................... 177
.................................................................................................. 181
................................................................................................... 182
(Trash) ............................................................................................................ 186
....................................................................................................................... 186
6. N AUTILUS .................................................. 187
............................................................................................... 187
....................................................................................................................... 188
......................................................................................... 188
........................................................... 189
............................................................................................. 190
, ........................................................................................ 190

VIII

............................................................................... 190
............................................................. 191
........................................................................................... 192
....................................................... 192
.......................................................................... 194
................................................................................................... 194
........................................................................................................ 194
............................................................................................................ 195
............................................................................................ 197
(File) ......................................................................................................... 197
(Edit) ..................................................................................................... 199
.......................................................................... 202
(Preferences) ................................................................................................ 202
| | (Edit | Preferences | Views) ............................................. 202
| | (Edit | Preferences | Behavior) ............................. 203
| | (Edit | Preferences | Display) ........................ 205
| | (Edit | Preferences | List Columns) ........... 206
| | (Edit | Preferences | Preview) ................................. 206
| | (Edit | Preferences | Media) .................................. 209
(View) ............................................................................................................. 210
(Go) ......................................................................................................... 212
(Bookmarks) .......................................................................................... 214
(Help) ................................................................................................................. 216
.......................................................................................................... 216
- .............................................................................................................. 219
...................................................................................................... 221
................................................................................. 222
............................................................................................................. 222
(Configuration Editor) ............................................................. 222
10.04 10.10 ................................................................................ 224
....................................................................................................................... 225
7. ........................................................................ 227
...................................................................................................... 227
Bash ................................................................................................................................... 228
........................................................................................... 228
Bash .................................................................................................................. 231
cd, pwd ls ................................................................................................... 232
cp mkdir ..................................................................................................... 236
mv ................................................................................................................... 237
diff .................................................................................................................. 238
find ................................................................................................................. 239
cat more ..................................................................................................... 241
grep ................................................................................................................ 243
rm rmdir ..................................................................................................... 245
wc ................................................................................................................... 246
man .............................................................................................. 246
.............................................................................. 247
....................................................................................................... 248
PATH ........................................................................................ 249
. ................................................................................................. 250

IX

...................................................................................... 250
.............................................................................................. 251
Nano ............................................................ 252
......................................................................................................... 253
................................................................................ 255
................................................................................................... 255
........................................................................................ 258
............................................................................................ 258
............................................................................................... 259
...................................................... 259
.......................................................................................... 260
, ................................................................... 260
................................................................................................ 260
................................................................ 261
tee ................................................................................................................... 262
, ................................................... 262
.................................................................... 263
.................................................................................. 263
.......................................................................................... 264
................................................................................................................. 265
...................................................................................................... 266
....................................................................................... 266
, ............................................................... 267
chmod.................................................................................. 269
chown ...................................................................................... 270
chgrp........................................................................................ 271
sudo ............................................................................................. 272
root ............................................................................................. 272
....................................................................................................... 273
................................. 275
....................................................................................................................... 275
8. .............................................. 277
Ubuntu ............................................................................................. 277
................................................................................................. 280
................................................................................................... 282
.......................................................................................... 283
Ubuntu (Ubuntu Software) ............................... 284
(Other Software).......................................................................... 286
(Updates) ................................................................................... 286
(Authentication) .............................................................. 288
(Statistics) ............................................................................... 289
(View) ......................................................................................................... 291
........................................................................................................ 291
Synaptic (Synaptic Package Manager) ............................................. 291
Synaptic .............................................................. 293
........................................................ 296
................................................................................................... 296
Synaptic ..................................................................................... 298

Synaptic .................................................................................................................. 298

(file) .......................................................................................................... 299
(Edit) ..................................................................................................... 299
(Package) ............................................................................................... 300
(Settings) ........................................................................................ 301
(Help) .................................................................................................. 303
Aptitude ....................................................................................................... 303
apt-get ..................................................................................................... 305
...................................................................................... 305
....................................................................................................................... 306
9. .......................... 307
................................................................................................ 307
| ..................................................................................... 307
| ...................................................................... 316
- - ...................................................................................................... 323
..................................................................................................... 324
.......................................................................................................................... 324
root ............................................................................................ 326
...................................................................................................... 326
............................................................................ 327
......................................................... 329
.................................................................... 329
.................................................................................................................. 329
........................................................................... 330
Web- ................................................... 332
Wine ............................................................................................................................... 332
....................................................................................................................... 333
10. U BUNTU ................................................. 335
................................................................................................ 335
VNC ............................................................................................ 336
VNC-..................................................................................... 338
VNC- ........................................................................ 342
VNC ............................................................................. 342
....................................... 342
...................................................................................... 345
............................................................................................ 347
.................................................................. 349
........................................................................... 349
....................................................................................................................... 350
11. ....................................................................................... 351
Web ........................................................................................................................ 351
............................................................................................................................. 352
(Bookmarks) .................................................... 352
............................................................................................................. 353
............................................................................................................................. 353
Web-.................................................................................................. 353
........................................................................................................... 355

XI

............................................................................... 359
Pidgin .................................................................................. 360
- ........................................................................................................ 362
........................................................................... 363
Telnet SSH ................................................................................................. 366
Ubuntu One ....................................................................................................................... 367
.................................................................................... 367
Ubuntu One ......................................................................................... 368
....................................................................................................................... 369
12. O PEN O FFICE . ORG .................................................... 371
........................................................................................ 371
Writer............................................................................................................. 372
(Standard) ................................................................................ 373
(Formatting)....................................................................... 376
..................................................................................................... 378
...................................................................................................... 378
Calc ................................................................................................................ 379
(Standard) ................................................................................ 379
(Formatting)....................................................................... 381
Impress .......................................................................................................... 382
(Standard) ................................................................................ 382
(Line and Filling) ................................................................. 383
(Slides) ............................................................................................... 384
(Workspace) ............................................................................ 384
(Tasks) ................................................................................................. 385
(Drawing)....................................................................................... 385
............................................................................................................ 385
Draw .............................................................................................................. 385
Base ............................................................................................................... 387
Math............................................................................................................... 388
......................................................................................................... 390
Evolution ........................................................................................................ 390
Ubuntu 10? ................................................................................................. 391
....................................................................................................................... 392
13. .............................................................................................. 393
............................................................................................................. 393
PlayDeb ............................................................................................................................. 395
Linux- ........................................................................................................... 397
PlayOnLinux ...................................................................................................................... 398
KDE ......................................................................................................................... 400
Web- ................................................................... 401
" " Ubuntu ............................................................................................. 401
Ubuntu ............................................................................................................. 402
OpenOffice.org StarWars .............................................................................................. 402
Aptitude ................................................................................................. 403
Ubuntu 10? ................................................................................................. 404
....................................................................................................................... 404

XII

14. , ....................................................... 405

(Movie Player) .............................................................................. 405
................................................................... 406
VLC ............................................................................................. 408
Rhythmbox..................................................................... 409
............................................................................................................ 410
............................................................................................ 410
Last.fm ........................................................................................................................... 411
Ubuntu 10?.............................................................................................. 411
GIMP ......................................................................................... 412
? ................................................................................ 412
Ubuntu 10?.............................................................................................. 413
F-Spot .............................................................................. 414
Audacity............................................................................................ 416
Rosegarden .................................................................................................... 417
PiTiVi ..................................................................................................... 419
Ubuntu 10?.............................................................................................. 420
(Take Screenshot) ............................................................... 421
....................................................................................................................... 422
15. U BUNTU ................................................... 423
......................................................................................................................... 423
Ubuntu ................................................................ 424
Kubuntu ............................................................................................................................. 428
Xubuntu ............................................................................................................................. 430
Mythbuntu.......................................................................................................................... 432
Edubuntu............................................................................................................................ 432
Ubuntu Netbook Edition .................................................................................................... 432
Ubuntu 10?.............................................................................................. 433
Ubuntu Server Edition ....................................................................................................... 433
Ubuntu Studio .................................................................................................................... 434
Eeebuntu ............................................................................................................................ 435
......................................................................................... 436
....................................................................................................................... 436
16. W INE ........................................................................ 437
Wine? ............................................................................................................... 438
Wine ........................................................................................................ 439
Wine ........................................................................................................... 440
Wine ................................................................................................................ 440
Microsoft ........................................................................................ 442
Wine ............................................................................................................... 443
Windows- : .................................................................................... 444
......................................................................................... 444
....................................................................................................................... 444
..................................................................... 445
................................................................................ 446


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978-0-596-80484-8."

, , : permissions@oreilly.com.

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, , , :
O'Reilly Media Inc.,
1005 Gravenstein Highway North
Sebastopol, CA 95472
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707-829-0515 ( )
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Xfce

mythbuntu-10.10desktop-i386.iso

e191bae252490c8b7e33e1f0f30df24e
Mythbuntu

Mythbuntu:
Ubuntu,


Myth TV Personal Video Recorder

ubuntu-10.10netbook-i386.iso

6877bf8d673b87ba9500b0ff879091d0
Netbook

Ubuntu Netbook Edition: Ubuntu,

MD5-
ISO, . 2.1
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Windows ,
winMD5sum http://www.nullriver.com/index/products/winmd5sum.

 Ubuntu

29

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Edubuntu

http://www.edubuntu.org/download

Eeebuntu

http://eeebuntu.virginmedia.com

Kubuntu

http://www.kubuntu.org/getkubuntu/download

Mythbuntu

http://www.mythbuntu.org/downloads

Ubuntu

http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download

Ubuntu MID Edition

http://www.ubuntu.com/products/mobile

Ubuntu Netbook Edition

http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download-netbook

Ubuntu on ARM

http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu/arm

Ubuntu Server

http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download-server

Ubuntu Studio

http://ubuntustudio.org/downloads

Xubuntu

http://www.xubuntu.org/get

30

( 6.06) http://releases.ubuntu.com.

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31

32

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 Ubuntu

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34

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36

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 Ubuntu

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 Ubuntu

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40

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 Ubuntu

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42

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54

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56

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60

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62

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64

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70

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71

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72

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73

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74

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75

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76

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77

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78

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79

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82

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84

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88

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89

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93

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94

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( NVIDIA)

95

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96

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97

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98

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99

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100

.
(Sound Preferences) (. 3.37),
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101

. 3.38.

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102

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103

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Ubuntu PulseAudio,
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, .

| | (System | Administration | Printing), . (New)

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104

. 3.41.

, (Forward). , Ubuntu
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.

105

. 3.42.

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106

. 3.43. Ubuntu ,

Web- http://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupportComponentsPrinters
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TV-
Ubuntu TV- ( ,
), MythTV, Linux Windows Media Center.
apt://mythtv Web- Firefox (, apturl
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, , ,
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107

root
MySQL. , , , . , ,
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.
, <Enter>

108

. , (Capture cards), MythTV,

.

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, , . 3.45.

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: (Card type)
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(Capture cards)
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109

, - (): (Signal Timeout (msec))

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, ).

(Video Sources)
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. 3.46. TV-, , Listings grabber (
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. 3.46.

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source ()
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110

. 3.47. EIT

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. 3.48. MythTV, mythbuntu

111

,
MythTV | | MythTV Frontend
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. 3.48.

MythTV
MythTV
(Watch TV). , , . 3.49. .
, .

. 3.49. MythTV,

Web-
USB- UVC (USB Video Class),
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-USB , Web-. Ubuntu
Web- ( ).
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| (Applications | Accessories | Terminal) :
sudo apt-get install cheese
cheese

112

(
Ubuntu), ( , )
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,

USB-
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113

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.
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10.04, Nautilus
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116

. 4.1. Ubuntu

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117

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3.

118

. 4.3.

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, .

(Session)
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119

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. 4.4.

. 4.5.

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120

GNOME.
Recovery Console,
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, .

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3.

Ubuntu, Linux
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121

. 4.6. Ubuntu GNOME,

, , , , .
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122

(Accessories); (Games);
GIMP F-Spot (F-Spot
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Web Browser Empathy
(Internet); (Dictionary)
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(Home Folder)
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123

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. 4.8.

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.
(Documents) , -

, OpenOffice.org.
(Music) -

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124

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125

. 4.10. Windows

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. , , .

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ADMINISTRATION.

126

. 4.11.

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127

Windows , ,
(. 4.13). , ,
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,
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128

. 4.14 (Search for Files) (Recent Documents) (Places).

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: (Look in folder)
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,
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.

. 4.14.

(System)
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129

(Preferences)
3, | (System | Preferences) (. 4.16) , Ubuntu,
, .

. 4.16. |

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130

(Administration)
| (System | Administration) (. 4.17)
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, TV- Web .

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.

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. ,
(Remove from Panel) (. 4.18).

131

. 4.18.

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(Quit)
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132

. 4.20.

(Lock Screen)
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. 4.21.

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133

, ,
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, , -

134

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, , .

Ubuntu 10.04 10.10

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135

,
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, ,
, , , Twitter,
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,


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136

,
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, .

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,
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.

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137

(Network)
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,
, , , .
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, (. 4.24).
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, (Trash) (. 4.25).


Wastebasket Trash.

138

. 4.25.

(Trash)
, , (Trash) . , , :
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,
(. 4.26).

139

, .
(Empty Trash).

( 36) .
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, , .
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140

. ( NVIDIA
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, ,
(Preferences).
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,

.

. 4.27.

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<Ctrl>+<Alt>+<Shift>+<>.

1 2, , .

, .

141

. 4.28 , , .

. 4.28. ,

. 4.29.

142

. ,
,
, , (On Top) (Visibility),
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(Show desktop)

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, .
Ubuntu .
, , .

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.
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Ubuntu (Appearance Preferences), |
| (System | Preferences | Appearance). . 4.30 ,
, .

(Theme)
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(High Contrast Large Print Inverse). , .

. 4.30.

. 4.31. (Customize Theme)

143

144

, (Customize),
(. 4.31).
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(Colors) , ,
.
(Window Border)
.
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.

(Backdround)
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), . , . . 4.32 , .

. 4.32.

145

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, .
, , , , , 30- .

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, ,
, ,
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146

. 4.34.

. 4.35.

147

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, ,
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Ubuntu 10.04 10.10

Ubuntu ( Ubuntu 10.04)
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. GNOME, ,

, .
GNOME (Configuration Editor), <Alt>+<F2>
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desktop | gnome | interface ,
menus_have_icons.
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(Visual effects)
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. , , , , Aero Glass Windows Vista Windows 7.

148

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. 4.36.

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, , , . , .

149

. 4.37. ,
Cover Flow ()

, , Ubuntu,
(Delete this panel). ,
(New Panel). , .

- , , .
<Alt>+<F2>, gnome-terminal (Run).

150
(Terminal) :
gconftool --recursive-unset /apps/panel
rm -rf/.gconf/apps/panel
pkill gnome-panel
, recursive .

,
, ,
, (Properties)
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(Add to Panel), .
(. 4.38).

. 4.38.

, -

151

(Applications).
.
,
, , , , (Shut Down) (Restart) .
. ,
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(Quit) , .

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,
, , . , ,
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. , ,
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(
), (Properties) .
, . 4.39. , , -

152

(Calculator),
.

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, , (
) .

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153

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.

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,
(Entire menu). (. 4.40).

. 4.40.

154

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, , . ,
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, , ,
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, ,
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, . ,

155

(Show) , .

. 4.41.

(Programming), (System Tools) (Universal
Access), , .
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, .
(Properties) (

156

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, ,
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. 4.42.

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157

, , (New Menu). , , ,
, .
- (Cancel).
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, (New Item). (Create Launcher), , . 4.39, , .
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, , , .
, , , CD-ROM ,
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. 4.43.

158

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, , ,
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, ,
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, 6,
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. 4.44.

159

, , (Trash).

.

.
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, ,
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, Ubuntu ,

(Clean Up by Name).
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(Keep aligned), ,

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, Ubuntu ,

160

(
).
| |
(System | Administration | Users and Groups), , . 4.45.

. 4.45.

, Olga
(, olga).

Kokoreva

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2, Ubuntu, , , ,
root.
. , , :
sudo passwd root

root.
(. 4.46).

161

root :
sudo passwd -l root
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Windows 7, (Administrator) .

. 4.46. root Ubuntu

, ,
, (Properties) (
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(Add User),
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(Name) ,
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162

(Username) ,
. ,
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. 4.47.

. 4.48.

163

, , ,
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,
, .
(Close) , . (Quit).

164

. 4.50.

Ubuntu GNOME ,
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,

Windows, , CD-
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,
(root).

Ubuntu (filesystem) Filesystem,
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166

, , ,
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"" .

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/
/bin
/boot/
/cdrom
/dev
/etc
/etc/X11
/home
/home/user1/Desktop

/home/user2/Desktop
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/media/cdrom
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/proc
/root

/sbin
/selinux
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/usr/bin
/var

. 5.1. Ubuntu

. 5.1 , Ubuntu. -

167

, . 5.1, .
,
. ,
, , , .
/etc ,
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/etc/hostname.
/home , . , olga /home/olga (. 5.2).

. 5.2. home olga

.
Desktop ( ) ,
.
Documents () ,
OpenOffice.org .

168

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Public ,
.
Templates () , ; . 6.
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169

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,
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| (Places | Network),
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170

, ,
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, , , | (Places | Connect to Server),

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171

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, , , , ,
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172

. , (.).
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173

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man

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au

bmp

bz2

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cfg/conf

cc/cpp

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174

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OpenOffice.org

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175

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, . 5.2. 0 7
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176

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, ( ), .
.
(Permissions),
.

. 5.5.

Ubuntu, -
(username),
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, , , .
, , .

177

, Ubuntu
. , ,
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| | (System | Administration | Users and Groups),
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178

. 5.6.

,
, (. . 5.6).

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179

. 5.8.

. 5.9.

(Advanced settings),
,
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180

. 5.10.

. 5.11.

(Users Settings) , . :
, . .

(Users Settings) (Delete)

181

, (Delete), . , .
, , , , .

. 5.12.

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,
.

182

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, -

183

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184

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185

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. 5.18. ,

(Share)

, . 5.18. -

186

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, .
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188

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189

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190

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. 6.4 , ,
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 Nautilus

191

. 6.4. ,

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192

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 Nautilus

. 6.6. <Ctrl>+<A>

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193

194

. 6.7 .
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 Nautilus

195

. 6.8.

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196

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 Nautilus

197

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, , - , .

198

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 Nautilus

199

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200

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 Nautilus

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201

202

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 Nautilus

203

. 6.14.

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204

. 6.15.

(Behavior) 4,

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 Nautilus

205

, . . , .
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. , , ,
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206

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 Nautilus

207

. 6.17.

(Text Files) ,

, , , Ubuntu
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, .
, , ,

208

.
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.

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, .

.
(Folders)
, ,
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, , (Display)
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 Nautilus

209

| |
(Edit | Preferences | Media)
CD- DVD-, USB , Ubuntu , . , . . 6.19
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. 6.19.

, ,
-, -,
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210

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, ,
, , , -

 Nautilus

211

. , (Spatial mode) (. . " | |

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. 6.20.

(Reset View to Defaults)

, , .
(Show Hidden Files)
, . , , , .
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. . .
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(Clean Up by Name) ,
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212

.
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. . . "".
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, . ,
, (. 6.21).

. 6.21.

(Open Parent)

(Go) -

 Nautilus

213

. , (Documents),
.
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.
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. 6.22 /home/olga//.

. 6.22.

(Search for Files) , -

,
, .

214

. 6.23 "png"
PNG.

. 6.23. "png"

(Folder History) Ubuntu , -

, , .
(Go). , (Clear History).
, .

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Web- Web-.
. 6.24, ,
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, .
(Add Bookmark)
, . ,

 Nautilus

215

, .
.

. 6.24. Nautilus

(Edit Bookmarks) -

, (Remove).
(Jump to) , . 6.25.

. 6.25.

216

(Help)
, Ubuntu,
.
<F1> (Contents)
(Help). Web- launchpad.net, | (Help | Get Help Online),
Web- http://help.ubuntu.com.

, ,

( ).

. 6.26.

 Nautilus

217

, , , (), , . . . 6.26 .
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218

.
(Compression), ( ) .

. 6.27. logo.tif zip-

(Properties) (Properties),

. " " 5.
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.
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(Open with Other Application) , .
(Sharing Options) , ,
(Sharing service). . 10.

 Nautilus

219

-
, , .
, 5, . " ".

,
(Templates) .
, , ,
,
(Templates). . 6.28 - invoices.odt (
OpenOffice.org), .
(Templates) -,
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, - ( ,
invoices odt).

. 6.28. - OpenOffice.org

220

. 6.29.

. 6.30. ,

 Nautilus

221

, -,
, (. 6.30).
, , OpenOffice.org
, . ,
.
| (File | Create Document) . - .

Nautilus
,
(Browser). (Spatial) ,
(. . " | | (Edit | Preferences | Behavior)"
). . 6.31 , (Browser).

. 6.31.

222

,
.
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.
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.
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( ) .
, , ,
.

. ,
. ,
, , , 100%.
.
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view), (List view) (Compact view).

(Configuration Editor)
GNOME, , Windows.
,

 Nautilus

223

GNOME, .
, , .
<Alt>+<F2>, gconf-editor
(Run). . 6.32 , apps nautilus desktop.

. 6.32. ,

, (Configuration Editor),
, , Windows. ,
computer_icon_name .
computer_icon_visible ,
.
, volumes_visible, ,
.
Nautilus ,
.
, , .

224

10.04 10.10
Ubuntu 10.04 Nautilus , (. 6.33).

.
.
(Places)

.
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| (Go | Location) <Ctrl>+<L>.
- ,
,
<F3> |
(View | Extra Pane).
.

. 6.33. Ubuntu 10.04 Nautilus

 Nautilus

225

Ubuntu 10.10
Gnome 3.0, -
. , Ubuntu 10.10 2.32
.
, Gnome 2.32
Gnome 3.0, , (. http://www.opennet.ru/opennews/
art.shtml?num=26819).

Ubuntu
Linux,
(Terminal)
root,
. : , .

GNOME
Nautilus, Ubuntu
. , , ,

, .
, , , , , ,
.
,
. UNIX, Linux,
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, .

, Ubuntu
, (Terminal),
| | (Applications |
Terminal). , 24 80 (. 7.1).

. 7.1. Terminal

228

,
UNIX.
.
(Terminal) . (View) ,
, .
, . 7.1. : olga@ubuntu:~.
, olga ubuntu,
~ , ( ) ( olga). , : /home/olga. Bash.

Bash
Bash - , . Bash, "Bourne again shell" (" "), UNIX, 1970 .
(Stephen Bourne). Bash
GNU Linux, Ubuntu. , Bash
Mac OS X, ,
Mac OS X, .

, . .
,
<> (Up) <> (Down)
<Ctrl>+<N> (Next) <Ctrl>+<P> (Previous) , . 7.1.

229

7.1. , Bash

<Ctrl>+<A>

<Home>

<Ctrl>+<E>

<End>

<Ctrl>+<D>

<Delete>

.
<Ctrl>+<D> (
<Delete>)

<Ctrl>+<H>

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+<F>

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+<C>

(clipboard) Ubuntu ( Bash)

<Shift>+<Ctrl>+
+<V>

Ubuntu ( Bash)

<Ctrl>+<C>

<Ctrl>+<K>

<Ctrl>+<L>

. clear,

<Ctrl>+<U>

,
Bash (
Ubuntu)

<Ctrl>+<W>

Bash ( Ubuntu)

230

7.1 ()

<Ctrl>+<Y>

Bash (
Ubuntu)

<Ctrl>+<Z>

,

Stopped.
, fg,

<Alt>+<C>

<Alt>+<D>

,
,

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, ,

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+<Backspace>

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, , , #, Ubuntu
. ,
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, , Bash (clipboard), <Ctrl>+<U>, <Ctrl>+<W> <Ctrl>+<Y>. Ubuntu Bash
<Shift>+<Ctrl>+<V>
| (Edit | Paste), Ubuntu Bash <Shift>+<Ctrl>+<>, | (Edit | Copy).

231

Bash
Bash . , , pwd,
"print working directory", .
,
ls, "list
contents". . 7.2 , , .

.
UNIX, ,
, Ubuntu, .

7.2. ,

cat

file

file

cd

folder

( )
folder

chmod

{various} fname

{various}

cp

fname1 fname2

fname1 fname2

diff

file1 file2

file1
file2

echo

text

text

find

where name what

,
what, ,
where

grep

what where

,
where, , what

ls
ls

( )
pattern

(
), ,

232

7.2 ()

ls

-l

( )

ls

-a

( )

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( )

ls

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mkdir

folder

folder

more

file

,
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fname1 fname2

fname1 fname2

nano

file

file Nano (
, )

pwd

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fname

fname

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-rf folder

folder
( ,

; ,
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rmdir

folder

folder, (
, folder -
)

touch

file

file,
,

wc

file

,
file

cd, pwd ls

:
user@computer:~$

233

(user) olga, (computer)

ubuntu, . 7.1 :
olga@ubuntu:~$

.
, .
, cd, ( ).
:
cd /home

home .
<Return> <Enter>, (Terminal) :
user@computer:/home$

, , , user computer. :
cd /home
pwd

Ubuntu , home,
:
/home
user@computer:/home$

/, :
cd ..

" " " " , -. :
( ) , , " ", ,
.

.. .
, Ubuntu .
:
cd ~

, Ubuntu ,
~, . ,
, , :
pwd

234

,
:
ls

. 7.2. , , , , -
, (Desktop), (Documents), (Downloads), (examples.desktop), (Music),
(Pictures), (Public), (Templates), Ubuntu One
(Videos).

. 7.2.

ls
:
ls a

, :
.

.gnome2

.profile

..

.gnome2_private

Public

.adobe

.gnupg

.pulse

.apport-ignore.xml

.gstreamer-0.10

.pulse-cookie

.bash_history

.gtk-bookmarks

.qt

.bash_logout

.gvfs

.quicksynergy

.bashrc

.hplip

.recently-used

.cache

.ICEauthority

.recently-used.xbel

.compiz

.icons

.ssh

.config

.kde

.sudo_as_admin_successful

.dbus

.local

Templates

Desktop

.macromedia

test

( . .)

235

.gstreamer-0.10

.themes

..

.gtk-bookmarks

.thumbnails

.bash_history

.gvfs

.update-manager-core

.bash_logout

.ICEauthority

.update-notifier

.bashrc

.icons

.vboxclient-clipboard.pid

.cache

.local

.vboxclient-display.pid

.config

.mission-control

.vboxclient-seamless.pid

.dbus

.mozilla

.xsession-errors

.dmrc

.mythtv

.xsession-errors.old

.esd_auth

.nautilus

.evolution

.openoffice.org

examples.desktop

.printer-groups.xml

.fontconfig

.profile

.gconf

.pulse

.gconfd

.pulse-cookie

.gksu.lock

.recently-used

.gnome2

.recently-used.xbel

.gnome2_private

.ssh

.gnupg

.sudo_as_admin_successful

, , ,
, . , ( ) .
:
ls l

:
drwxr-xr-x

3 robin robin 4096 2009-10-05 14:12 Desktop

drwxr-xr-x

2 robin robin 4096 2009-09-07 15:29 Documents

drwx------

2 robin robin 4096 2009-09-02 10:15 Downloads

lrwxrwxrwx

1 robin robin

26 2009-04-16 17:56 Examples

-> /usr/share/example-content

drwxr-xr-x 12 robin robin 4096 2009-06-16 00:45 firefox

drwxr-xr-x

2 robin robin 4096 2009-04-16 18:07 Music

drwxr-xr-x

2 robin robin 4096 2009-10-05 13:45 My Projects

drwxr-xr-x

2 robin robin 4096 2009-04-16 18:07 Pictures

drwxr-xr-x

2 robin robin 4096 2009-04-16 18:07 Public

drwxr-xr-x

2 robin robin 4096 2009-09-23 15:13 Templates

drwxr-xr-x

2 robin robin 4096 2009-10-05 14:47 test

drwxr-xr-x

2 robin robin 4096 2009-04-16 18:07 Videos

:
ls al

236

cd,
(Pictures), :
cd

pwd, , ; , .
.. ,
(Downloads)
, :
d ../

d ,
(. . "
" ).

Windows , Bash (/), (\). Bash UNIX
Linux ,
, URL- Web- .
, , Linux , . . .

cp mkdir
cp : ,
, . , accounts.txt
, :
cp accounts.txt accounts.bak

accounts.bak,
.
. , ,
.
, /boot
, ,
, ( mkdir
"make directory" ( )):
cd ~
mkdir test

:
cp /boot/* test

Ubuntu test ,
/boot. *, " ".
, (,

237

grub), , .
r
:
cp -r /boot/* test

mv
Ubuntu . , Ubuntu ,
, . ,
DOS, MOVE, RENAME, Ubuntu mv.

:
mv accounts.txt accounts.old

, accounts.txt, accounts.old. , accounts.txt backups, (

, backups):
mv accounts.txt backups

, :
mv oldfolder newfolder

, , accounts.txt backups:
mv accounts.txt backups

backups , accounts.txt . accounts.txt backups.

, accounts.txt backups,
accounts.old:
mv accounts.txt backups/accounts.old

backups , .
( )
, :
mv oldfolder otherfolder

otherfolder , oldfolder . oldfolder otherfolder.

238

, , :
mv *.txt textfolder

txt textfolder.
, mv , :
mv *.txt *.jpg readme.doc destination

, , . , rm cp,
.

diff
diff . :
diff file1 file2

, , ,
, .
.
, . 7.3.

. 7.3.

,
. " Nano " .

, ,
<, . , , >.
. 7.3 , MyGlossary1.utf8
, MyGlossary.utf8 4. diff , , (
) .

239

. , , - , .

find
Ubuntu ( ), find
.
.
, :
find / -name blackjack

. 7.4. mahjongg

240

mahjongg.
, . 7.4, , ( )
(Permission denied).
, . 7.4, , 11
mahjongg, - ,
. ,
sudo,
root (. . " sudo" ); :
sudo find / -name mahjongg

, mahjongg /usr/games/mahjongg, .

. 7.5.

, Ubuntu |
(Applications | Games), - -

241

( ), .
, "" , . 7.5.
/usr/games/mahjongg

, "" (wildcard characters) * ?.

. " ,
". , ?
, * ( ).
, " " (blackjack) :
find / -name black*
find / -name *jack
find / -name bl?ck*

,
, more, .
, . ,
(.)
:
find . -name invoice*

:
find ~ -name invoice*

Ubuntu 10
Ubuntu 10.04 " "
(Blackjack), 9.10 10.04,
. , ,
.
10.04, , Web-

URL-:
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gnomegames/gnome-blackjack_2.28.0-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
,
<Enter> .

cat more
cat .
:
cat chapter7.txt

, , , more.

242

more , , .
, :
more chapter1.txt

. 7.6
.

. 7.6. more

, ,
, . ,
<Enter>, , . <q>.
more , .
Ubuntu ( ) , ( . . " " " "
). more ,
.
, , find, ,
, more
. :
find / -name OlgaCat* |more

243

| (), more. , | ,
, more.
( ) , find , more , . , more, . 7.7.
, more
Bash, , .
more:
(Permission denied), find, , more,
. ,
.

. 7.7. more ,
find

grep
grep .

244

, ( ) , . . . grep
, .
, (Documents) , invoice, :
grep invoice ~//*

~ ,
cp; . , cd . ,
~ , Ubuntu .
, fred, ~//*
/home/fred/.
, grep, invoice () ,
, .
, :
grep -r videos /usr/share/doc

. 7.8. , videos

245

r usr/share/doc videos . (
r,
, ,
, , , . .).
, i
,
( ):
grep -ri videos /usr/share/doc

, videos
, , videosettings (), w (. 7.8):
grep -rw videos /usr/share/doc

more, grep . , ls
, ,
Do, :
ls ~ | grep Do

, , Documents
.

Downloads,

rm rmdir
rm,
remove (). , tempfile , :
rm tempfile

:
rm ~/oldfile

rmdir:
rmdir EmptyFolder

, , rm rf:
rm -rf FolderWithStuffIn

,
. / root,
. (~)
.
, .

246

, , , <Enter>. rm,
- , ( ).

wc
, ,
. :
wc document

:
10 234 1319 document

, document 10 , 234 1319 . , , . ,

, .

man
,
, .
,
.
man , -
Bash. , man, , :
man wc

, wc,
, <Enter>, , .
< > (Up) < > (Down).
<q>.
, man. . 7.9
wc.
Ubuntu ,
, man.
, , info . info, man info.

247

. 7.9. wc

, , ,
man help.
man -help

, ,
.
, ,
.
, , /home/robin/Documents , ,
.., .
,
../ ../../../.
.. Ubuntu . ,

248

.. / ( ). ,
../../.. , .
,
, / Vacation/Cancun/Photos.
, , , , Vacation/Cancun/../Barbados, , Vacation/Barbados
Cancun .
, / . ,

.

Nautilus ,
. .
,
. ,
jenny My projects ( ), , cd :
cd /home/jenny/My Projects

Ubuntu , /home/jenny/My, :
bash: cd: /home/jenny/My:

, ( ,
):
cd "/home/jenny/My Projects"

Bash , , .

:
mkdir "/home/jenny/My Projects"
cd ~/"My Projects"
ls -al "/home/jenny/My Projects/January"
rm "Backups/Old|Report.doc"

, , |, , -

249

.
, >, < ;.
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
, !
, , , ,
, ~, .
- . ,
:
mkdir /home/jenny/"My Projects"
cd ~/My" "Projects
ls -al /home/jenny/"My Projects"/January
rm Backups/Old"|"Report.doc

PATH
, , , . ,
mkdir wc /bin.
, Bash , , . ,
,
.
Ubuntu , , ? , . PATH
echo ( $ ):
echo $PATH

, :
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games

Ubuntu
, , ,
. , ; .

, .
.

250

, diary.
, ,
, . (,
~ ):
~/diary

, . , diary , ,
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252

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Linux
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253

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254

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255

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258

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259

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260

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:
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261

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262

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263

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264

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265

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266

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267

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270

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4096 2009-11-30 10:38 Desktop

4096 2009-11-27 04:48 Documents
4096 2009-11-27 04:48 Downloads
167 2009-11-27 04:38 examples.desktop
4096 2009-11-27 04:48 Music
4096 2009-11-27 04:48 Pictures
4096 2009-11-27 04:48 Public
4096 2009-11-27 04:48 Templates
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271

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sudo,
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chown ,
. , ,
, root sudo, , ,
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272

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, :
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root sudo? Root , Ubuntu.
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273

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, .
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274

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275

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. 8.1.

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278

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. 8.1. Ubuntu

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279

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280

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281

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, . . , , (History), ,
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282

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283

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284

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Ubuntu (Ubuntu Software) (. . 8.7)

.
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(Universe).
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, ,
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285

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GNU , . , Canonical, " ,
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286

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. ,
300 . ,
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.

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, , ,
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, . 8.10.

Ubuntu (Ubuntu updates)

. Ubuntu, . , .

. 8.9.

. 8.10.

287

288

, ,
.

(Automatic updates)

(Daily), (Every two days), (Weekly)
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. , , ,
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. , , , -

289

. . 8.11 ,
, .
ubuntu.com, , , ,
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, , . 8.12. ,
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290

. 8.12.

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291

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,
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(Synaptic Package Manager)
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(System | Administration | Synaptic Package Manager).
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, , (Reload)
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,
, ,
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292

. 8.14. Synaptic

. 8.15.

293

8.15 , :

, .

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: (Installed), (Not installed) . . (. 8.16).

. 8.16.

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. , ,
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, ,
(Mark for Installation), . 8.17.

294

. 8.17. 3dchess

, Ubuntu ,
, , ,
, . 8.18, (
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. 8.18.
,

, , , (Mark). -

295

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, , ,
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296

| (Applications | Games), 3D Chess,

.

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, .
, ,
, , , .

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,
.
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, , . ( ), .
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(Apply), , ,
. 8.22. , .
.

297

. 8.20.

. 8.21.

(Apply) , , , , .
. ,
, , , , ,
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298

. 8.22.

, (Apply)
( ).
Synaptic , ,
, .

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, (Sections)
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, , .
, Ubuntu,
, , , ,
.

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Synaptic ,
.

299

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300

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, , , , ,
, ,
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. 8.25. Synaptic

, ,
. , Ubuntu
, ,

301

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, , ,
. , . 8.26.

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(Preferences) ,
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.
, , ,
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, ,
, , , ,

302

, , .

. 8.27.

. 8.28.

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303

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. 8.29.

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.
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.

(Help)
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| (Help | Contents). |
(Help | Quick Introduction) | (Help | Get Help Online).

Aptitude
Ubuntu Aptitude Package Manager, -

304

Advanced Packaging Tool (APT),

(Terminal) :
sudo aptitude

. ,
Synaptic,
. Aptitude (Terminal)
, . 8.30.

. 8.30. Aptitude Package Manager

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305

apt-get
. Aptitude, apt-get
.
,
. , ,
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, ):
sudo apt-get update

, sudo .
, 15
.

, , , , :
sudo apt-get upgrade

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, dist-upgrade, , :
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

, ,
chess :
sudo apt-cache search chess

306

, , , packagename:
sudo apt-get install packagename

, . packagename:
sudo apt-get remove packagename

apt-get
,
:
apt-get help

:
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,
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,
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.
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308

. 9.1. |

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309

. 9.2. ,
Ubuntu

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310

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311

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. 9.4.

(Internet)
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312

(Multimedia)
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. 9.5.

(Accessibility)
.
(Run at start), .

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Ubuntu, , Bluetooth, Network Manager ( ), , . . (. 9.6).

313

. 9.6.

(Startup Applications)
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(Edit). , (Remove)
(Edit) ( , ).
, ,
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. 9.7.

synergyc .
- Synergy,
Windows, Mac OS X Ubuntu.
iville.

314

10
.
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(Browse) .
. ,
Ubuntu ,
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Ubuntu ,
, (Remember Currently Running Application). ,
, ,
.
, ,
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Application).

Ubuntu . , Gedit (Terminal),
(Calculator).

315

| (Windows)
| (Preferences | Windows),
(Window Preferences).
(. 9.9).

. 9.9.

.
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.
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316

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;
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;
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327

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http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-users;
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http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users;
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http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/xubuntu-users;
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 10

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 10

336

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 Ubuntu

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 10

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 Ubuntu

339

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 10

340

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 Ubuntu

341

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 10

342

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 Ubuntu

343

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 10

344

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 Ubuntu

345

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 10

346

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 Ubuntu

347

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nautilus smb://iq500/transfer

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 10

348

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 Ubuntu

349

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 10

350

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 11

Web-, , , IP-, ""

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 11

352

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 11

354

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http://www.opera.com/download/index.dml?platform=linux

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 11

356

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 11

358

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 11

360

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 11

362

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 11

364

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 11

366

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 11

368

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 12

OpenOffice.org
Ubuntu , ,
.
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 12

372

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 OpenOffice.org

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 12

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 12

376

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 OpenOffice.org

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 12

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 OpenOffice.org

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 12

380

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 OpenOffice.org

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 12

382

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 OpenOffice.org

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 12

384

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 12

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 12

388

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 OpenOffice.org

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, . ,
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. 12.17.

Math .
,
(Selection).
. 12.18 ,
, , .

 12

390

. 12.18. Math

, OpenOffice.org,
| ? (Help | Whats
This), ,
.

Evolution
OpenOffice.org, ,

.
Evolution (Evolution Calendars), , , ,

 OpenOffice.org

391

( ) (. 12.19).

. 12.19. Evolution OpenOffice.org

Ubuntu 10?
Ubuntu - ,
, , 700- CD. , ,
. ,
Base CD, 10.04 GIMP.
Ubuntu,
Ubuntu (Ubuntu Software Center) . ,
, ,
.

 12

392

, OpenOffice.org
ISO-. ,
, Synaptic Ubuntu.

OpenOffice.org .
, , ,
, . 2006 .
.
,
, OpenOffice.org.
, ,
Ubuntu.

 13

, Windows Mac OS X 99%

, Linux
, . ,
Linux , Linux.
, Linux , . , Windows Linux.
, ,
, Ubuntu.

Ubuntu ,
| (Applications |
Games) (. 13.1).

. 13.1. Ubuntu

 13

394

(Games), ,
, (Logic).
Ubuntu Windows,
(AisleRiot Solitaire), Windows (Windows Solitaire),
, , Windows-
, (Klondike) (Three card deals) (. 13.2).
(Mines) (. 13.3), (Minesweeper)
Windows.

. 13.2.

. 13.3.

395

Windows Vista Windows 7 , , Ubuntu

(Mahjongg) (. 13.4).

. 13.4.

, (Chess), -- (Four-in-a-row),
(Sudoku) ,
. - ,
PlayDeb.

PlayDeb
PlayDeb , Ubuntu. Ubuntu PlayDeb ,
Web-.
,
, ,
Web- URL-:
http://archive.getdeb.net/install_deb/playdeb_0.3-1~getdeb1_all.deb

 13

396

0.3-1 ,
,
#,
<Return>, .

URL- , . 13.5,
URL GDebi (GDebi Package
Installer). ,
. PlayDeb .

. 13.5. PlayDeb

Web- http://playdeb.net.
Install this now ( ),
(. 13.6).
Ubuntu , apturl.
"apt" (Remember my
choice for apt links), . ,
, . Ubuntu 10.10
Ubuntu.
, , .
(Install).
- , ,
, Blood Frontier.
| (Applications | Games).

397

. 13.6. Install this now

Linux-
, Linux-, Ubuntu,
URL- :
http://help.ubuntu.com/community/Games
http://linux.about.com/od/ubuntu_doc/a/ubuntu_games.htm
http://linuxgames07.blogspot.com/2007/11/top-ubuntu-linux-games.html
http://gwos.org/doku.php
.

 13

398

PlayOnLinux
PlayOnLinux Windows- Wine ( Wine . 16).
, -, Windows-.

Ubuntu, (Terminal) . , , , O.
:
sudo wget http://deb.playonlinux.com/playonlinux_karmic.list -O
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/playonlinux.list

Ubuntu, , Karmic Koala, Lucid
Lynx, karmic lucid .
1
Ubuntu 10.10 , , karmic lucid
maverick.

:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install playonlinux

| (Applications | Games)
PlayOnLinux, ,
. 13.7.

. 13.7. PlayOnLinux

( ) Ubuntu,
(Install) . 13.8
1

http://www.playonlinux.com/en/
PlayOnLinux, Linux ( Ubuntu). ,
PlayOnLinux ( Ubuntu)
, ( maverick)
. . .

399

, (Games) Crayon
Physics.

. 13.8. PlayOnLinux

, ,
, .
, PlayOnLinux, .
. 13.9 Crayon Physics (Apply).
, .

PlayOnLinux. , , Google Chrome Internet
Explorer 7. . 13.9 Crayon Physics, PlayOnLinux
Google Chrome, ,
Internet Explorer 7.
PlayOnLinux , Ubuntu, Linux, . 13.9.

 13

400

. 13.9. PlayOnLinux Crayon Physics

Google Chrome. Internet Explorer 7

,
, . ,
, PlayOnLinux
.

KDE
KDE, 15, KDE (. 13.10),
, KDE,
GNOME. Arcade, Board
(Strategy) | (Applications | Games) 50 .

401

. 13.10. KReversi KDE

Web-
Web- , Flash, JavaScript
Java, Web- Ubuntu. ,
"flash games".

" " Ubuntu

, , , ,
Ubuntu , , -

 13

402

, , , " "
( ).

Ubuntu
<Alt>+<F2>
(. 13.11) :
free the fish

(. 13.12), , .

. 13.11. " "

. 13.12. " "

,
. ,
, <Alt>+<F2>
GNOME:
killall gnome-panel

" " GNOME, KDE Xfce.

OpenOffice.org StarWars
, -
OpenOffice.org Calc,
,
StarWars ( ) (. 13.13):
=Game("StarWars")

403

. 13.13. , StarWars OpenOffice.org!

Aptitude
apt-get aptitude.
(Terminal)
, :
apt-get moo
aptitude help
aptitude moo
aptitude -v moo
aptitude -vv moo
aptitude -vvv moo
aptitude -vvvv moo
aptitude -vvvvv moo
aptitude -vvvvvv moo

, !

 13

404

Ubuntu 10?
Ubuntu "",
, CD, DVD, , . , , | (Applications | Games) (AisleRiot Solitaire),
(Gnometris), (Mahjongg), (Mines) (Sudoku).
, , , ,
, .

Ubuntu,
. .

, Ubuntu Web- ;
, , , - .
, Ubuntu, , , , ,
USB . .

 14

,
Ubuntu . Ubuntu Studio -. , , MP3, Ubuntu Studio,
Ubuntu ,
, .
, Ubuntu
, , , - Ubuntu , -.
MP3-,
,
,
, . , , .

(Movie Player)
(Movie Player) Ubuntu
. | (Applications | Sound & Video) , . . 14.1
, Ubuntu.

, . -

 14

406

. 14.1. YouTube

,
, , BBC YouTube , , . (Sidebar)
.

BBC , , , Could not connect to server ( ). , , .

- ,
(MP3, WAV QuickTime,

407

), (Movie Player)
, (). ,
, , . 14.2, (Search).

. 14.2. ?

. 14.3.

 14

408

(Install Multimedia
Plugins) .
(Install) (. 14.3)
(Confirm).
.
, (Movie Player), ,
. , , .

, , . ,
Linux
.
. , , ,
, .

VLC
Ubuntu (Movie Player) ,
, VLC (VLC Media Player),
: vlc Ubuntu (Ubuntu
Software Center). | (Applications | Sound & Video).
. 14.4 , .
, VLC
, DVD- - (network stream). .

. 14.4. VLC

409

, ,
, VLC, (spatializer),
, , ,
. .

VLC
" VLC" (Open With VLC media
player). VLC,
,
(Properties), (Open With),
VLC (VLC
media player).

Rhythmbox
Rhythmbox , |
(Applications | Sound & Video). ,
(
, , ) (. 14.5).

. 14.5. Rhythmbox

, ,
, . 14.6, , .

 14

410

. 14.6. Rhythmbox

Rhythmbox | (Music | Import Folder) . ,
(File Manager) Rhythmbox.
,
, .

.
, , , , .
, ,
, -

411

.
(Library)
. , .
(Search)
. , , ,
(Album).
, ,
.
Linux, Rhythmbox , wma (Windows Media Audio) m4a (Apples iTunes
format), .

Rhythmbox,
; , , .
Rhythmbox ,
.

Last.fm

Last.fm,
Rhythmbox, Last.fm,
(Account Settings)
.

Ubuntu 10?
Ubuntu 10.04 Rhythmbox Ubuntu One Music Store. , Rhythmbox , , ,
(Stores) ,
Jamendo Magnatune . ,
(Digital Rights Management, DRM).
Ubuntu ,
, ,
, . -

 14

412

( )
.
Rhythmbox iPhone iPod.
USB- , ,
Rhythmbox. .
, iPhone 3GS
1.3.1. , Apple Rhythmbox.

GIMP
GIMP, |
(Applications | Graphics),
, Linux-
Adobe Photoshop. , (. 14.7).
, , , ,
,
,
GIMP , .
GIMP.

?
, ,
GIMP, ,
.
(Help) ,
(. 14.8). GIMP
, GIMP .

413

. 14.7. GIMP

GIMP- Web-
http://gimptalk.com, , . , , . , GIMP
Web- http://registry.gimp.org, http://gimp.org/tutorials .

Ubuntu 10?
Ubuntu 10.04 GIMP Ubuntu,
, , ,
. ""
.
, . GIMP

 14

414

Linux, Ubuntu,
gimp Ubuntu
(Ubuntu Software Center) , Staff Picks ( ).

. 14.8. GIMP

,
Ubuntu, , , GIMP ISO-
( - ) . , Ubuntu 9.10, 10.04 , GIMP
.

F-Spot
F-Spot, | (Applications |
Graphics), , (. 14.9).

415

. 14.9. F-Spot

F-Spot1 ,
, .
.
, ,
-.
, , , . ,
.
(Help) .

Ubuntu 10.10 F-Spot Shotwell,

- . Shotwell ,
F-Spot, , F-Spot. , ,
Ubuntu 10.10, , F-Spot Ubuntu. . .

 14

416

Audacity
Audacity .
Ubuntu, , audacity Ubuntu (Ubuntu Software Center). | (Applications | Sound &
Video). ,
"Audacity" (Open With | Audacity). .
14.10 Audacity.

. 14.10. Audacity

, , ,
. .

.
"" , ,

(Effect), , , ,
. .
,
|

417

(File | Import). ,
. , , 100 , (comb filter), (valve rectifier), (harmonic generator) .
(Help) .

Rosegarden
, MIDI
(Musical Instrument Digital Interface, ), Rosegarden Linux. . . 14.11
aveverum.rg, ,
.

. 14.11. MIDI- Rosegarden

 14

418

, .

.
,
.
.
, MIDI- (MIDI Mixer), . 14.12.

. 14.12. MIDI- Rosegarden

, (. 14.13),
. -
,
.
Help ()
, ,
Rosegarden .

419

. 14.13. Rosegarden

PiTiVi
, Ubuntu PiTiVi, . , pitivi
Ubuntu (Ubuntu Software Center).
,
( ,
) . ,
, ,
(. 14.14).

. , . , .
,
,

 14

420

. - ,
, .

. 14.14. PiTiVi

, , ,
, ,
, Web- http://pitivi.org.

Ubuntu 10?
Ubuntu 10.04, PiTiVi , . , ,
PiTiVi .

421

(Take Screenshot)
Ubuntu , (Take Screenshot). ,
(Applications),
. , . 14.15.

. 14.15.

, ,
, . , 0 99 . ,
, .
,
(Include the window border), .
, . : .
,
, .
, .
,
.png ( -1.png
. . ). . , (Save) .

 14

422

, Ubuntu -, Windows Mac,

, , . ,
- .
. ,
, .
, Ubuntu. , Kubuntu
Xubuntu, Wine,
Windows Linux.

 15

Ubuntu
Linux , Mac OS X Windows, , , , .
Linux, , , .
, Ubuntu, , ,
Debian.
Ubuntu . , Ubuntu Studio, Edubuntu,
Mythbuntu . .
Ubuntu, . DVD-,
, .

Ubuntu,
2,
. ,
ISO-.
distros DVD-, , ISO- Ubuntu, . 15.1.

 15

424

15.1. Ubuntu DVD-

Kubuntu 10.10

kubuntu-10.10-desktop-i386.iso

Mythbuntu 10.10

mythbuntu-10.10-desktop-i386.iso

Ubuntu 10.10

ubuntu-10.10-desktop-i386.iso

Ubuntu Netbook Remix 10.10

ubuntu-10.10-netbook-remix-i386.iso

Xubuntu 10.10

xubuntu-10.10-desktop-i386.iso

ISO- Ubuntu , wubi.exe ( ) Ubuntu Windows (. 2). CD-,

, DVD-.
,
Web-, ISO:
http://ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu/derivatives
ISO
Ubuntu Brasero, ,
, . Windows, distros Active
ISO Burner, ISO
.
,
. , , , 2.

Ubuntu
Ubuntu,
, , ,
, .
,
Ubuntu . , , , , .
"Megabuntu",
Ubuntu, ,
.

 Ubuntu

425

, , Netbook Remix (
Netbook Edition, 10.04), , , , .

, .
, .

Kubuntu
Kubuntu ,
(Terminal) , :
sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

, <Enter>, , (
. 15.1).

. 15.1. Kubuntu Ubuntu

 15

426

100
2- .
, . 15.2. KDM, <Enter>.

. 15.2. KDM Kubuntu

,
(. 15.3). GNOME, gdm,
KDE, kdm. , . , , <Enter> .

. 15.3.

(gdm kdm)

 Ubuntu

427

, , .
,
Kubuntu, .
. (Sessions)
GNOME KDE. ,
KDE.

Xubuntu
Xubuntu
, Kubuntu, (Terminal),
:
sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

, . 15.1.
: ?
, ,
, (Sessions), GNOME Xfce (
KDE, Kubuntu).

Mythbuntu
Mythbuntu
Ubuntu,
. (Terminal) :
sudo apt-get install mythbuntu-desktop

;
, .

Mythbuntu. ,
Mythbuntu (Sessions) .

Edubuntu
Edubuntu
. (Terminal) :
sudo apt-get install edubuntu-desktop

 15

428

, ,
10 . 2- . 10 .
. Edubuntu , .

Ubuntu Studio
Ubuntu Studio .
(Terminal) :
sudo apt-get install ubuntustudio-desktop

, - , , . , ,
Ubuntu Studio.

Ubuntu
Ubuntu (
)
(Terminal) :
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

.
Ubuntu
. GNOME (Sessions)
.


Ubuntu. , Ubuntu (Quit) .

Kubuntu
Canonical, ,
. Canonical,
, ,
.
Kubuntu KDE (K Desktop Environment,
K) GNOME, Ubuntu.

 Ubuntu

429

, ,
GNOME. KDE Kickoff (Kickoff Application
Launcher), (. 15.4),
(Start) Windows.

. 15.4. Kubuntu

KDE
K (. 15.5).
(,
), , .
(Quit) ,
. . ,
, , .
,
, -

 15

430

, , , . .

. 15.5. Kickoff

Kubuntu Web- http://kubuntuguide.org,

.

Xubuntu
Xubuntu Ubuntu, Canonical, . . Canonical
, . ,
, , , Xubuntu

 Ubuntu

431

, Ubuntu, ,
.
. 15.6 Xubuntu,
GNOME ( (Applications) (Places) ), Xfce.

. 15.6. Xubuntu

, (System)? , Xubuntu
, , .

.
, ,
Ubuntu, , Xubuntu. -
,
Web- http://xubuntu.org.

 15

432

Mythbuntu
Mythbuntu Ubuntu, Canonical. (personal video recorder, PVR),
Ubuntu,
.
3 MythTV,
, ,
Mythbuntu Xfce, OpenOffice.org.
Web- http://mythbuntu.org.

Edubuntu
Edubuntu Canonical
Ubuntu, , , , . ISO- ( 3 ),
CD- DVD ( USB , ).
, , . "
Edubuntu" , , 200
.
, Tux
Paint, |
(Applications | Education).
Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) (
, " "),
. , Web http://edubuntu.org.
,
Edubuntu.

Ubuntu Netbook Edition

Ubuntu ( Netbook Remix Ubuntu,
10.04) " ", -

 Ubuntu

433

, , ,
.
, , Netbook Edition , .
Netbook Edition
, , ,
, (Favorites).
Netbook Edition Ubuntu, ,
.
, .
Netbook Edition ISO- distros
DVD-, , CD USB-,
. ,
,
, .
, , Ubuntu, .

Netbook Edition , ,
,
, Macrium Reflect, Web- http://macrium.com/reflectfree.asp. . , ,
Ubuntu Netbook Edition ,
, , Sun VirtualBox.
. 2.

Ubuntu 10?
Ubuntu 10.04, Ubuntu Netbook Edition Ubuntu Netbook Remix. ,
.

Ubuntu Server Edition

Ubuntu Canonical 18 (Long Term Support, LTS) LTS, 10.04.

 15

434

,
Web- . Web- Apache Tomcat, MySQL PostgreSQL, PHP, Perl, Python,
GCC Ruby .
Web-
Ubuntu Server. Web-:
http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu/serveredition

Ubuntu Server Edition
, , ,
, ,
. " Ubuntu".

Ubuntu Studio
Ubuntu Studio Canonical,
. Ubuntu
, , Kino.
Linux, , PulseAudio
JACK.
. ,
, , .
ISO "" 1,4 , DVD USB, CD ,
, , .
Web- http://ubuntustudio.org
Ubuntu, , , .

 Ubuntu

435

Eeebuntu
Windows XP Xandros Linux Asus Eee PC, ,
Ubuntu , Eeebuntu. , ,
Canonical,
Eee PC, Ubuntu,
. .
Standard ( 860 M). , Firefox Web-, Pidgin
, Thunderbird , OpenOffice.org
,
VLC Banshee .
NBR ( 860 ). Netbook Remix Eeebuntu,
Standard Netbook
Launcher, Eee
PC. (main
launcher) .
.
Base ( 560 ). . Firefox ,
. , Eee PC Web-. Synaptic , , Ubuntu.
ISO- Web- http://eeebuntu.org. Eee PC Ubuntu | |
USB- (System | Administration | USB Startup Disk Creator).

Eeebuntu Ubuntu ,
(Update Manager) (Install Updates), (Upgrade), .
, Ubuntu, , , . ,
Eeebuntu ( Ubuntu), . , Eeebuntu
Ubuntu 6 (, Eeebuntu 3.0
Ubuntu 9.04), .

 15

436

, , , Ubuntu,
; , 50,
, ,
.
, , URL-,
Ubuntu , :
http://wiki.ubuntu.com/DerivativeTeam/Derivatives

, ( ) Ubuntu. , , Windows,
,
. Wine,
Ubuntu Windows-.

 16

Wine
, Ubuntu , , ,
, , . , OpenOffice.org
, , ,
Microsoft Office. Office,
- Office, - .
OpenOffice.org ?
,
, . , , , , Office.
, -, Office, OpenOffice.org? , , . ,
, . .,
.
Ubuntu Office Wine (. 16.1),
Wine Is Not an Emulator (Wine ), ,
.
Windows-, Ubuntu. Wine, , Windows-, .
Windows-, , , ,
Ubuntu. ,
, , Wine Ubuntu
Windows-.

 16

438

. 16.1. , Microsoft Word, Ubuntu

Wine?
Wine ! ?
, . 2
VirtualBox ( ). , ,
, , ,
.

, . ,
(), .
Wine .
Ubuntu ( Linux) "" -

 Wine

439

(API), Windows. Windows . ,

, ,
Windows , .
Wine,
Ubuntu. Windows- , , Wine . , Windows-, Ubuntu, Wine Windows.
Wine
.

Wine
Wine
Windows , VirtualBox, .
Windows, . Wine .
( Wine Microsoft Office
, .)
Wine Ubuntu, Windows- Linux- , ,
( )
.
. 16.1 , Ubuntu (Ubuntu File Browser),
C:, Wine. OFFICE11 , WINWORD.EXE, Microsoft Word,
.
Microsoft. ,
, Windows
. ,
Wine Ubuntu- Windows- .

 16

440

, Wine Mac OS X, : Linux, Mac OS X Windows.

Wine
Wine Windows, ,
. , Windows-
Wine, ,
, .
iTunes, ,
Windows, . .
, Windows Wine . ,
Wine . , Wine .

Wine
Wine Ubuntu (Ubuntu
Software Center) wine. .
, Wine Microsoft Windows Compatibility Layer (. 16.2).

-, , -,
.

.
, (Install)
. - ,
-, ,
, - .
. 16.3 Wine, .

 Wine

. 16.2. Wine
Ubuntu

. 16.3. , ,

441

 16

442

, Windows-.
, Microsoft Office ,
. , SETUPPRO.EXE ( , ).
, Windows.

| Wine | Programs (Applications | Wine | Programs)
(. 16.4), , , .

. 16.4. Microsoft Office

Wine Windows, . Windows-, , | Wine | Uninstall Wine Software (Applications | Wine | Uninstall Wine Software).

Microsoft
, Windows-,
,
Microsoft. , (Terminal), :
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts

 Wine

443

,
Windows-, ,
.
, PlayOnLinux (. 13),
Ubuntu 10.10, Microsoft Windows ,
, ,
Windows .

Microsoft . Web
Fontpack Internet Explorer.
IE Web-, Web-
Microsoft. , (End User
License Agreement, EULA)
, .
Web- Microsoft
http://microsoft.com/typography/fontpack/eula.htm.

Wine
Wine ,
| Wine | Configure Wine (Applications | Wine |
Configure Wine). , . 16.5, Windows-, Wine.

. 16.5. Wine

 16

444

, , ,
(Dynamic Link Librar, DLL) Wine, DirectX Direct3D, , , .
, DLL,
Windows, ,
, .

Windows- :
Wine C:
Windows, ,
.wine. , C:\ ~/.wine/dosdevices/c:. , (Terminal)
c:\Program Files, ( ,
- ):
cd ~/.wine/dosdevices/c:/"Program Files"

Nautilus, | Wine | C:
(Applications | Wine | Browse C:\ Drive).

Wine Wine Project
(http://winehq.org). URL- ,
. wiki-
http://wiki.winehq.org, ,
.

,
Ubuntu. , , ,
, Ubuntu.
, Web-
http://ubuntubook.net, Ubuntu
.
.


Ubuntu Linux, ,
Linux .
, , , :
1. Linux in a Nutshell, Sixth Edition (http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596154493) by
Ellen Siever, Stephen Figgins, Robert Love, and Arnold Robbins (OReilly).
2. Bash Cookbook: Solutions and Examples for bash Users (http://oreilly.com/catalog/
9780596526788) by Carl Albing, JP Vossen, and Cameron Newham (OReilly).
3. Linux System Administration (http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596009526) by Tom
Adelstein and Bill Lubanovic (OReilly).
4. Linux System Programming (http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596009588) by Robert
Love (OReilly).
5. . . Ubuntu 10. . :
-, 2010.


3
3D Chess 278

chkrootkit 330
ClamAV 330
ClamTk 330
Cover Flow 149
Crayon Physics 399

A
Active ISO Burner 30, 424
Adobe Photoshop 412
ADSL 327
Advanced Packaging Tool 304
Aero Glass 147
apt-get 329, 305
Aptitude 303, 304, 306
apturl 396
Arch 12
ARM:
30
Audacity 416

Edgy Eft 21
Edubuntu 12, 29, 423, 427, 432
Eeebuntu 29, 435
Ekiga Softphone 362
Ethernet 27, 69, 70
Empathy 359
Evolution 136, 355, 358
355
Evolution Personal Information
Manager 15

Base 387
Bash 228, 231
BIOS:
24, 327
24
BitTorrent 327, 364
Bluetooth 2, 136
323
Bochs 45
Brasero 33, 424
Breezy Badger 21
BSD 16

C
Calc 379
Canonical 1, 5, 9, 284, 291, 367
CentOS 12

Dapper Drake 21
Debian 10, 12, 14, 423
Debra Lynn 10
Digital Rights Management 411
Dimensional Research 7
DOS/Windows 3.x 97, 237
Draw 385
DVD 23

F
Fedora 12, 14
Feisty Fawn 21
Firefox 21, 67, 68, 145, 320, 352
Fluendo 51, 277
FreeBSD 12
Fridge 20
F-Spot 386, 414

447

GDebi Package Installer 354

Gedit 198, 314
Gentoo 12
GIMP 11, 412
GNOME 12, 13, 14, 28, 78, 115, 118, 164,
225, 227, 318, 426, 427
227
GNU 5, 8, 10, 11, 285
Google 351
Google Apps 351
Google Chrome 399
GPL 10
GRUB 66
GTK+ 14, 16
Gutsy Gibbon 21

Karmic Koala 21
KDE 12, 13, 14, 28, 115, 118, 318, 427, 428
Kontact PIM 15
KPackageKit 15
Kubuntu 12, 13, 15, 23, 28, 29, 30, 120, 422,
425, 428

H
Hardy Heron 21
Hoary Hedgehog 20

I
Ian Murdock 10
Image Viewer 145
IM- 360
Impress 382
Innotek 35
Intel Mac 25, 35
Internet Explorer 352, 399
Intrepid Ibex 21
iPhone 113, 412
IP-:
74, 340
IP- 351
ISO 23, 30, 32, 33, 42, 46, 169
-USB 33
iTunes 113

J
Jaunty Jackalope 21
Jollys Fast VNC 342

L
Larry Ewing 11
LGPL 10, 14
Linus Torvalds 11
Linux 1, 2, 5, 9, 34, 35, 53, 97, 115, 285, 320,
332, 335, 352
91
11
67, 91
330
10
Live DVD 23, 26
Local Delivery 357
lspci:
72
Lucid Lynx 21

M
m4a 411
Mac OS X 2, 7, 14, 22, 29, 30, 34, 35, 51, 60,
73, 115, 165, 228, 277, 285, 313, 335, 338,
344, 349, 423
ISO- 33
Mandriva 12
Mark Shuttleworth 7
Math 388
Maverick Meerkat 1, 21
MD5- 28
memtest86+ 60
MEPIS 12
Microsoft 11, 34
Microsoft Excel 379
Microsoft Exchange 357
Microsoft Office 9, 21, 371, 437
Microsoft Word 332

448

MIDI 417
Mint 12
more 242
Mozilla Firefox 351
MP3- 405
MySQL 107
Myth TV Personal Video Recorder 28, 106,
110
Mythbuntu 13, 28, 29, 423, 427, 432

PIM 15
PiTiVi 419
Planet Ubuntu 20
PlayOnLinux 398
POP 357
PPD 104
ppt 371
Puppy 12
PuTTY 366

Nano 252
Natty Narwhal 21
Nautilus 113, 187, 227, 248, 346
Network Manager 312
Novell 8, 12
Novell GroupWise 357
Nvidia 96, 140
94

Qemu 35, 45
Qt 14
QuickSynergy 344

O
odt 372
OpenBSD 97
OpenOffice.org 2, 9, 21, 123, 332, 350, 371,
437
Base 387
Calc 379
Draw 386
Impress 382
Writer 372
Word 373
373
OpenSolaris 97
openSUSE 12
Opera 353, 354
Oracle Corporation 35

P
P2P- 363
PCI 72
PCLinuxOS 12
PDF-
371, 374
Pidgin 359

R
RALink 2790 72
RAM- 23
RealVNC 340
Red Hat 8, 12
Rhythmbox 409, 411
Richard Stallman 10
rkhunter 330
root:
327
Rosegarden 417, 418

S
Sabayon 12
Safari Books Online 5
Samba 347, 349
Shotwell 415
Simple Scan 387
Skype 327, 362
Slackware 12
Solaris 16, 35, 97
SSH 366
sudo 326
Sun Microsystms 35
Symantec 7
Synaptic 15, 17, 103, 291, 296, 298, 299, 303,
305, 329, 351
Synergy 343, 344

T
tar 266
Telnet 366
Terminal 58, 72, 103, 314
Thawte 7
torrent- 364, 365
Transmission BitTorrent Client 365
Tux 11
TV- 106, 130
Twitter 135

U
Ubuntu 1, 2, 7, 12, 13, 15, 23, 28, 29, 30, 35,
67, 71, 73, 79, 166, 227, 285, 291, 300, 307,
313, 332, 338, 351
Long Term Support 8
- 323
34
Live DVD 26

314
60
DVD- 94
312
393
VirtualBox 97
78
105
63, 288
61
VN- 338

75
ISO- 33
80
20
349
335
19, 20
326
335
277, 282

52
103
Ubuntu 10.04 17, 62, 95
Ubuntu 10.10 17, 23, 80, 225, 277

449

277
Ubuntu 11.04 17

Ubuntu Foundation 9
Ubuntu Installer 46
Ubuntu Live CD 68
Ubuntu MID Edition 29
Ubuntu One 135, 367
Ubuntu Server 29
Ubuntu Software Center 17, 277, 278, 283, 329
Ubuntu Studio 12, 29, 405, 423, 428, 434
UNIX 2, 165, 227, 228, 231, 327
Update Manager 329
USB 111, 112, 124, 323
Usenet News 357

V
VeriSign 7
Virtual PC 34
Virtual Private Networking 137
VirtualBox 29, 35, 39, 44, 94, 97, 99, 438
37
97
VLC 408, 409
VMware 34
VNC 335, 336, 338
342
VOIP 362

W
W Window System 13
Warty Warthog 20
Web-:
311
Web- 111, 112, 130
WEP 40 72
WiFi 137, 349
Windows 2, 9, 14, 22, 28, 35, 51, 60, 73, 94,
115, 165, 277, 285, 313, 335, 338, 340, 344,
349, 423
349
VNC 340
Windows 7 7, 8, 30, 34, 147, 161
ISO- 32
Windows Media Center 106
Windows NT 97
Windows Vista 7, 30, 34, 147, 320, 345

450

Windows XP 8, 14, 16, 30, 34, 113

Wine 113, 332, 398, 422, 437, 438
winMD5sum 28
Wireless Ethernet Bridge 73
Wireless Gaming Adapter 73
wma 411
Writer 372, 373, 382
378
Wubi 30, 45, 49, 94, 424

X.509:
7
X.org 14
Xfce 12, 13, 14, 16, 28, 115, 118, 318
Xfwm 16
xls 371
XSane 387
Xubuntu 12, 13, 16, 23, 28, 29, 30, 120, 422,
427, 430

X Window System 13

YouTube 406

247
136
175, 182

135
261
159
122
:
95, 285

72

73
Ethernet 73
188

147
176
142
150
150, 253
115

133

151, 153, 155

313

"" 190

121
132
145
176

255
166
345
131

407
241
cd 233
chmod 253, 269
chsh 251
clear 254
chgrp 271
chown 270
cp 236
diff 238
find 239
grep 243
kill 275
less 257
ls 234
man 246
more 242
mv 237
ps 273
read 254
rm 245
rmdir 245
sudo 240, 272, 305
tee 262
top 273
unalias 265
wc 246
87, 199
189
137, 186, 198, 205
165

, 10

327
Bluetooth 312
323, 329
, 10
PulseAudio 103
Ethernet 73

451

202
GNOME 147, 222

125, 187
:
Ash 251
Dash 251
171, 218, 347
247
147

221
166
/etc 167
/home 167
/media 168
/tmp 168
100
78
87
315
324, 327
139
PATH 249
/ 258, 259
127
:
nobody 271
root 182, 270, 272, 326
175
311
248
273
320

157
92
81, 118

452

173
154, 389
Web- 204
237, 245
15, 302
PlayDeb 395, 396

349
Last.fm 411
:
335
217
172
172
195
157
168
/ 260
134
, 10
253

371
72, 103, 305, 314, 398
119
, 11
363

151
191
181
149
308, 312
177
/dev/null 259

326
-USB 24
() 265

219
, 7
327

, 11

152