3

2009


2009...............................................................................................................2
1 .................................................................................................4
1.1 ....................................................................................4
1.2 ............................................................................7
1.3 (
).............................................................................................................11
1.4 .............................................................................................15

 :
.

1 .


. ,

.
: ,
, ,
.
1.1 .
, ,
,
, .. ,
.
.
() ,

1, I, II, III.
, I I , I II , I III .
.
, ,

:
I1 = I I , I 5 = I II ,

I III = J .

(1)

I 4 = I I I II ,

I 2 = I I I III ,

I 3 = I II I III .

R6

a
I2

III

R2

I1

E1

(2)

J
R3

I3

I4
R4
R1
d

II

R5

I5
E5

1
,
.
( 1)
( ):
( R1 + R2 + R4 ) I I R4 I II = E1 R2 J
;

R4 I I + ( R4 + R3 + R5 ) I II = E5 R3 J

(3)

R11 I I R12 I II = E I
,

R21 I I + R22 I II = E II

(4)

R11 , R22 - , R12 , R21 - ,

E I , E II - .
E I = E1 R2 J = E1 + R13 I III
E II = E5 R3 J = E5 + R23 I III

(5)

R13 = R2 , R23 = R3 , I III = J .

, ,
I1 , I 2 , I 3 , I 4 , I 5 .
5

 :
R11
R
21

R12 I I E I

=
R22 I II E II

(6)

[ R] [ I ] = [ E ] .

(7)

[ R ] -
; [ I ] - - ; [ E ] - .
R11 , R22 [ R ]
,
, .

[ R]

, ,
, . -
, . ,
1
R11 = ( R1 + R4 );

R22 = ( R4 + R3 + R5 );

R12 = R21 = R4 .

(8)

(7)

[ I ] = [ R ] 1 [ E ] ,
[ R ]

(9)

- , [ R ] .

1.2 .

,
().
,
, .
( 2)
.
a

UR

)
a

UR

)
2
a b 2,
, :
U ab = a b = U R E = R I E .

(10)

(10) 2:
I=

U ab + E
= [ ( a b ) + E ] g ,
R

(11)

1
,
R

(12)

g=
- .
, U ab 2:
7

U ab = a b = U R + E = R I + E ,

(13)

U ab E
= ( a b ) E g .
R

(14)

I :
I=

, 3, .
(11) (14) 3:
R6

1
I2
I1
E1

R2
2

J
R3

I3

I4
R4

R5

R1
4

I5
E5

I1 = ( 4 1 ) + E1 g1
I 2 = ( 1 2 ) g 2

I 3 = ( 2 3 ) g3

(15)

I 4 = ( 2 4 ) g4
I 5 = ( 4 3 ) + E5 g5

g1 =

1
1
= ;
R1 + RE 1 R1

g3 =

1
;
R3

g6 =

1
=0
R6 +

g4 =

1
;
R4

g2 =

1
;
R2

g5 =

1
1
= ;
R5 + RE 5 R5

(16)

.
3 , 4 = 0 (
).
,

:
( g1 + g 6 + g 2 ) 1 g 2 2 g 6 3 = E1 g1 + J

,
g 2 1 + ( g 2 + g3 + g 4 ) 2 g 3 3 = 0

g6 1 g 3 2 + ( g 6 + g 3 + g5 ) 3 = E5 g 5 J

(17)

g11 1 g12 2 g13 3 = J 11

g 21 1 + g 22 2 g 23 3 = J 22 ,
g g + g = J
31 1
32
2
33
3
33

(18)

g11 = g1 + g6 + g 2
g 22 = g2 + g3 + g4

(19)

g 33 = g6 + g3 + g5
(
),
g12 = g 21 = g 2
g13 = g 31 = g6

(20)

g 23 = g32 = g 3
(
),
9

J 11 = E1 g1 + J
J 22 = 0

(21)

J 33 = E5 g5 J
(

).
(18) :
g11
g
21
g31

g12
g 22
g 32

g13 1 J 11
g 23 2 = J 22 .

g 33 3 J 33

(22)

[ G] [ ] = [ J ] ,

[ G]

- ,

[ ]

(23)

[ J ] - .
(23)

[ ] = [ G ] 1 [ J ] .

(24)

10

1.3
( ).

,
.

( ). ,
, ,

( )
.
, :

E R
J G ; , ,
.

( 4), ,
, R3 , ,
.
( 4)

R3

.
( 4) , ,
E = U xbc R . , U xbc -
b c (
)

11

R6

R2

E1

I3

R3

R4

b
c

R5

R1

I = I3

UR

R = R3

E5

)
4

:
1. U xbc .
4 R3
( 5).
U xbc I 2 5,
:
I2 =

a d
,
R2 + R4

E1
+J
R1
a =
.
1
1
+
R1 R2 + R4

(25)

(26)

d ( d).

12

R6

a
I2
I1
E1

R2

I2

Uxbc

R4

R5

R1
J

E5

5
U xbc :
E = U xbc = I 2 R4 + J R5 E5 .

(27)

2. .

, ,
,
.
( 6) , , :
R = R5 +

R4 ( R2 + R1 )
.
R4 + R2 + R1

(28)

13

R2

R
R4

R5

R1

3. I ( 4) :
I =

E
,
R + R

(29)

R = R3 , I = I 3 .

14

1.4 .
()
. ,
,

.
,
, .
7.

R6

a
I2
I1
E1

R2
b

J
R3

I3

I4
R4

R5

R1
d

I5
E5

7
.
1. ( 7) ,
( 3),
. ,
, .
, ( 8).

15

R6

I2'

I2'

R2

I1'

R3

I3'

R2

I1'

J
c

E1

I3'

R3

I4'

I4'
R4

R4

R5

R1
I5'

R5

R1
I5'

E5

E5

)
R6

a
I2'

R2

I1'

E1

I3'

R3

I4'
R4

R5

R1
d

I5'

2. .
3.

:
I1 = I1' + I1'' + I1''' ; ... ; I 5 = I 5' + I 5'' + I 5''' .

(30)

16