spool; currently spooling to E:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\BIN\anil\orcl.

doc SQL> select * from salesman; SID SNAME CITY SALARY PRODUCT ----- -------------------- --------------- ---------- -------------------TGTTOGET COMM COUNTRY ---------- ---------- -------------------s101 ajay patel ahmedabad 10000 monitor 65 1200 s102 chintan shah 783 1500 s103 vinay mehra 454 1200 baroda pune 8500 cpu 1500 keyboard

SID SNAME CITY SALARY PRODUCT ----- -------------------- --------------- ---------- -------------------TGTTOGET COMM COUNTRY ---------- ---------- -------------------s104 jay pandey surat 3000 monitor 567 800 s105 jimit dave 432 300 s106 manan gandhi 567 1200 6 rows selected. SQL> show linesize; linesize 80 SQL> set linesize; SP2-0267: linesize option 0 out of range (1 through 32767) SQL> set linesize 150; SQL> select * from salesman; SID TOGET --------s101 65 s102 783 s103 454 s104 567 s105 432 s106 567 SNAME CITY SALARY PRODUCT TGT COMM COUNTRY -------------------- --------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------ajay patel ahmedabad 10000 monitor 1200 chintan shah baroda 8500 cpu 1500 vinay mehra pune 1500 keyboard 1200 jay pandey surat 3000 monitor 800 jimit dave mumbai 2000 mouse 300 manan gandhi ahmedabad 3000 monitor 1200 mumbai ahmedabad 2000 mouse 3000 monitor

6 rows selected.

SQL> select * from salesman where sname like '%a%'; SID TOGET --------s101 65 s102 783 s103 454 s104 567 s105 432 s106 567 SNAME CITY SALARY PRODUCT TGT COMM COUNTRY -------------------- --------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------ajay patel ahmedabad 10000 monitor 1200 chintan shah baroda 8500 cpu 1500 vinay mehra pune 1500 keyboard 1200 jay pandey surat 3000 monitor 800 jimit dave mumbai 2000 mouse 300 manan gandhi ahmedabad 3000 monitor 1200

6 rows selected. SQL> select * from salesman where sname like ' a%'; no rows selected SQL> select * from salesman where sname like '_a%'; SID TOGET --------s104 567 s106 567 SNAME CITY SALARY PRODUCT TGT COMM COUNTRY -------------------- --------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------jay pandey surat 3000 monitor 800 manan gandhi ahmedabad 3000 monitor 1200

SQL> select ucase (sname) from salesman; select ucase (sname) from salesman * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00904: "UCASE": invalid identifier SQL> select upper(sname) from salesman; UPPER(SNAME) -------------------AJAY PATEL CHINTAN SHAH VINAY MEHRA JAY PANDEY JIMIT DAVE MANAN GANDHI

6 rows selected. SQL> select * from customers; CID CNAME CITY STATE PINCODE PRODUCT C ----- ----------------------------- c101 nirav b c302 kiran a c303 sapan b c304 saurabh c c305 smrity b c306 hars a c307 sunil b c308 bimal c 8 rows selected. SQL> select * from customers order by desc; select * from customers order by desc * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00936: missing expression SQL> select cname from customers order by desc; select cname from customers order by desc * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00936: missing expression SQL> select * from customers order by name; select * from customers order by name * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00904: "NAME": invalid identifier SQL> select * from customers order by cname; CID CITY STATE PINCODE PRODUCT C ----- -------------------- --------------- --------------- ---------- ------------------- c308 bimal surat gujrat 39110 processor c c306 hars mumbai maha 23456 speaker a CNAME

--------------- --------------- ---------- ---------nadiad delhi bangolore baroda ahmedabad mumbai kolkatta surat maha up karnataka gujrat gujrat maha gujrat gujrat 4000534 ram 110001 keyboard 560001 mouse 383001 monitor 300001 cddrive 23456 speaker 39500 printer 39110 processor

c302 kiran a c101 nirav b c303 sapan b c304 saurabh c c305 smrity b c307 sunil b 8 rows selected.

delhi nadiad bangolore baroda ahmedabad kolkatta

up maha karnataka gujrat gujrat gujrat

110001 keyboard 4000534 ram 560001 mouse 383001 monitor 300001 cddrive 39500 printer

SQL> select * from customers order by cname desc; CID CNAME CITY STATE PINCODE PRODUCT C ----- ----------------------------- c307 sunil b c305 smrity b c304 saurabh c c303 sapan b c101 nirav b c302 kiran a c306 hars a c308 bimal c 8 rows selected. SQL> select * from customers order by cname dsc; select * from customers order by cname dsc * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended SQL> select ascii('2'); select ascii('2') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected SQL> select * from customers where state=null; no rows selected SQL> delete from customers where state='gujrat';

--------------- --------------- ---------- ---------kolkatta ahmedabad baroda bangolore nadiad delhi mumbai surat gujrat gujrat gujrat karnataka maha up maha gujrat 39500 printer 300001 cddrive 383001 monitor 560001 mouse 4000534 ram 110001 keyboard 23456 speaker 39110 processor

4 rows deleted. SQL> select * from customers where state=null; no rows selected SQL> select * from customers; CID CNAME CITY STATE PINCODE PRODUCT C ----- ----------------------------- c101 nirav b c302 kiran a c303 sapan b c306 hars a

--------------- --------------- ---------- ---------nadiad delhi bangolore mumbai maha up karnataka maha 4000534 ram 110001 keyboard 560001 mouse 23456 speaker

SQL> update customers set state=' ' where cid='c101'; 1 row updated. SQL> select * from customers; CID CNAME CITY STATE PINCODE PRODUCT C ----- ----------------------------- c101 nirav b c302 kiran a c303 sapan b c306 hars a

--------------- --------------- ---------- ---------nadiad delhi bangolore mumbai up karnataka maha 4000534 ram 110001 keyboard 560001 mouse 23456 speaker

SQL> select * from customers where state=null; no rows selected SQL> insert into customers( 2 '&cid', 3 '&cname', 4 '&city', 5 '&state', 6 '&pincode', 7 '&product', 8 '&class'); Enter value for cid: c307 old 2: '&cid', new 2: 'c307', Enter value for cname: anil old 3: '&cname', new 3: 'anil', Enter value for city: indore old 4: '&city',

new 4: 'indore', Enter value for state: old 5: '&state', new 5: '', Enter value for pincode: 452010 old 6: '&pincode', new 6: '452010', Enter value for product: rom old 7: '&product', new 7: 'rom', Enter value for class: c old 8: '&class') new 8: 'c') 'c307', * ERROR at line 2: ORA-00928: missing SELECT keyword SQL> / Enter value for cid: old 2: '&cid', new 2: '', Enter value for cname: old 3: '&cname', new 3: '', Enter value for city: old 4: '&city', new 4: '', Enter value for state: old 5: '&state', new 5: '', Enter value for pincode: old 6: '&pincode', new 6: '', Enter value for product: old 7: '&product', new 7: '', Enter value for class: old 8: '&class') new 8: '') '', * ERROR at line 2: ORA-00928: missing SELECT keyword SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 insert into customers values( 2 '&cid', 3 '&cname', 4 '&city', 5 '&state', 6 '&pincode', 7 '&product', 8* '&class'); 9 / Enter value for cid:

old 2: '&cid', new 2: '', Enter value for cname: old 3: '&cname', new 3: '', Enter value for city: old 4: '&city', new 4: '', Enter value for state: old 5: '&state', new 5: '', Enter value for pincode: old 6: '&pincode', new 6: '', Enter value for product: old 7: '&product', new 7: '', Enter value for class: old 8: '&class'); new 8: ''); ''); * ERROR at line 8: ORA-00911: invalid character SQL> / Enter value for cid: old 2: '&cid', new 2: '', Enter value for cname: old 3: '&cname', new 3: '', Enter value for city: old 4: '&city', new 4: '', Enter value for state: old 5: '&state', new 5: '', Enter value for pincode: old 6: '&pincode', new 6: '', Enter value for product: old 7: '&product', new 7: '', Enter value for class: old 8: '&class'); new 8: ''); ''); * ERROR at line 8: ORA-00911: invalid character SQL> 2 3 4 5 6 insert into customers values( '&cid', '&cname', '&city', '&state', '&pincode',

7 '&product', 8 '&class'); Enter value for cid: old 2: '&cid', new 2: '', Enter value for cname: old 3: '&cname', new 3: '', Enter value for city: old 4: '&city', new 4: '', Enter value for state: old 5: '&state', new 5: '', Enter value for pincode: old 6: '&pincode', new 6: '', Enter value for product: old 7: '&product', new 7: '', Enter value for class: old 8: '&class') new 8: '') '', * ERROR at line 2: ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SYSTEM"."CUSTOMERS"."CID") SQL> / Enter value for cid: c307 old 2: '&cid', new 2: 'c307', Enter value for cname: old 3: '&cname', new 3: '', Enter value for city: old 4: '&city', new 4: '', Enter value for state: old 5: '&state', new 5: '', Enter value for pincode: old 6: '&pincode', new 6: '', Enter value for product: old 7: '&product', new 7: '', Enter value for class: old 8: '&class') new 8: '') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for cid: c044 old 2: '&cid', new 2: 'c044', Enter value for cname: anil old 3: '&cname',

new Enter old new Enter old new Enter old new Enter old new Enter old new

3: 'anil', value for city: indore 4: '&city', 4: 'indore', value for state: 5: '&state', 5: '', value for pincode: 29912 6: '&pincode', 6: '29912', value for product: rom 7: '&product', 7: 'rom', value for class: c 8: '&class') 8: 'c')

1 row created. SQL> select * from customers; CID CNAME CITY STATE PINCODE PRODUCT C ----- ----------------------------- c101 nirav b c302 kiran a c303 sapan b c306 hars a c307 c044 anil c 6 rows selected. SQL> select * from customers where state=null; no rows selected SQL> select * from customers where state='null'; no rows selected SQL> select * from customers where state=null value; select * from customers where state=null value * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended SQL> select * from customers where cname=null; no rows selected SQL> select * from customers where (state=' ') or not (state=' ');

--------------- --------------- ---------- ---------nadiad delhi bangolore mumbai up karnataka maha 4000534 ram 110001 keyboard 560001 mouse 23456 speaker

indore

29912 rom

CID

CNAME

CITY

STATE

PINCODE PRODUCT

C ----- ----------------------------- c101 nirav b c302 kiran a c303 sapan b c306 hars a

--------------- --------------- ---------- ---------nadiad delhi bangolore mumbai up karnataka maha 4000534 ram 110001 keyboard 560001 mouse 23456 speaker

SQL> select * from customers where not (state=' '); CID CNAME CITY STATE PINCODE PRODUCT C ----- ----------------------------- c302 kiran a c303 sapan b c306 hars a

--------------- --------------- ---------- ---------delhi bangolore mumbai up karnataka maha 110001 keyboard 560001 mouse 23456 speaker

SQL> select * from customers where (state=' '); CID CITY STATE PINCODE PRODUCT C ----- -------------------- --------------- --------------- ---------- ------------------- c101 nirav nadiad 4000534 ram b SQL> select * from customers where (state= ); select * from customers where (state= ) * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00936: missing expression SQL> select * from customers where (state=''); no rows selected SQL> select * from customers where (state=' ') or not (state=' ') or state is nu ll; CID CNAME CITY STATE PINCODE PRODUCT C ----- ----------------------------- c101 nirav b c302 kiran a c303 sapan b CNAME

--------------- --------------- ---------- ---------nadiad delhi bangolore up karnataka 4000534 ram 110001 keyboard 560001 mouse

c306 hars a c307 c044 anil c 6 rows selected.

mumbai

maha

23456 speaker

indore

29912 rom

SQL> select * from customers where state is null; CID CITY STATE PINCODE PRODUCT C ----- -------------------- --------------- --------------- ---------- ------------------- c307 c044 anil c SQL> select * from customers where state null; select * from customers where state null * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00920: invalid relational operator SQL> spool off; indore 29912 rom CNAME