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vkSjaxtsc us fueZerk ls mudh gR;k dj nhA nkjkf'kdksg us vius le; osQ Js"B laLr
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foHkkx% o`QrLrku~ foHkkxku~ lIr vvfDye bfr onfUrA ikSjkf.kdkLrq lIr }hikfu

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Lox ifjrks es[kykor~ ifjHkzeUrhfr onfUr_ u LoxZL;ksifjA vFk LoxZL; ;fn
eu vkdk'ka tkufUr vLenh;kLre'kZ bfr onfUrA LoxZHkwe oqQ'khZfr onfUrA

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vowQyhu ([k.M vFkok VqdM+k)
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fulsuh vFkok lh<+h
fulsuh esa ,d leku nwjh ij yxus okys NksV&s 2 dk"B&[k.M
dhysa

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vkos"Vu:ik
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vkoj.k djus okys


xUus dk jl] lqjk vFko efnjk
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L;kgh
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vkdk'k vFkok xxu] LoxZ osQ ij dh Nr (iQkjlh 'kCn)
ijes'oj dk lgklu vFkok LoxZHkwfe] ^oqQ'khZ* dks vkBok
vkleku Hkh dgk x;k gSA (iQkjlh 'kCn)

vH;kl%
1-

laLrsu mkja nh;rke~&


(d) i`fFkO;k% dfr Hksnk%\
([k) i`fFkO;k% lIriqVkuka ukekfu dkfu lfUr\
(x) ioZrk% dfr lfUr\
(?k) leqnzk% dfr lfUr\
() nf/leqnz% dL; }hiL;kojd%\
(p) ^v'kZ* bfr ina dLeS iz;qDre~\
(N) ^oqQ'khZ* bfr ina dfLeUuFksZ iz;qDre~\
(t) ^vLe}sn* bfr 'kCn% nkjkf'kdksgsu dL; xzUFkL; rs iz;qDr%\

2-

fgUnhHkk"k;k vk'k;a fy[kr&


,rku~ [k.Mku~ iyk.MqRoXonqi;Z/ksHkkosu u Kk;Urs] fdUrq fu%Js.kh&lksikuoTtkufUrA
lIrioZrku~ lIroqQykpyku~ onfUr] rs"kka ioZrkuka ukekU;srkfu&izFke% lqe#s eZ;s] f}rh;ks fgeoku~]
r`rh;ks gseowQV%] prqFkksZ fu"kk% ,rs lqesjks#kjr%A

3-

v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka LolaLrokD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r&


iqVkfu] roku~] vkos"Vu:ik] losZH;%] czk.Mkr~] ifjHkzefUrA

77

Hkw&foHkkxk%

4-

v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r&


iqVkU;qP;Urs] vLeUers] iyk.MqRoXonqi;Z/ksHkkosu] lksikuoTtkufUr] lqesjks#kjr%] leqnzksfi]
fdfpfgjLrhfr] vLenh;kLre'kZ

5-

v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;okfpinkfu fy[kr&


i`fFkoh] ioZr%] leqnz%] xxue~] LoxZ%

6-

fjDrLFkkukuke~ iwfrZ% fo/s;k&


(d) ikSjkf.kdkLrq ---------------- }hikfu onfUr
([k) lIr ---------------- lIroqQykpyku~ onfUr
(x) ---------------- tEcq}hiL;kojd%
(?k) LoxZHkwe ---------------- onfUr

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) laLrok~e;s Hkwxksy&[kxksyfo"k;oaQ Kkua izkpq;sZ.k miyH;rsA
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dfoHkkxk dFka pk=k lIrikrkyHkwe;%AA
vgksjk=kO;oLFkka p fon/kfr dFka jfo%A
dFka i;sZfr olq/ka Hkqoukfu foHkko;u~AA
dFka i;sZfr olq/ka Hkqoukfu foHkko;u~A
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([k) ^oqQykpyk%* lIrioZrkuka ekyk vfLrA laLrok~e;s ,rs lIr ioZrk%
egsUnzks ey;% l% 'kqfDreku~ {kioZr%A
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lg dj.kh;kA
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,de~] f}] f=k] prqj~] ip] --------

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