GSM/GPRS/EDGE.
, 2013
...................................................................................................................................................... 4
1 ............................................................................................................................................. 6
2 .................................................................................................................... 9
3 ..................................................................................................................................12
3.1 ......................................................................................................................12
3.2 ................................................................................................................13
3.3 . ..........................................................................................................................13
4 ....................................................................................................14
4.1 . ................................14
4.2 . ..................................................................................18
4.3 . .............................................20
5
. .....................................................................................................................................................27
5.1 . .............................................................................27
5.2 . ...............................................................................27
5.3 ........................................................28
6 .............................29
6.1 . .............................................................................29
6.2 . .......................................................................................................29
6.3 . ....................................................30
6.4 . .................................30
6.5
. ...........................................................................................................................................31
6.6 . .......................................................31
6.7 . ............................................................32
7 ................................................................................................................36
7.1 . ..............................................................36
8 ...........................................................................................................................37
8.1 . ...............................................................................37
9 ........................................................................................................38
1. , /
GSM ...................................................................................42
2. ...................................................................46
3. .........................................................................48
4.
............................................................................................51
5. , . .......................53
6. ............................................................54
7. .........................................54
,
. 53732-2009
. [1],
.
,
113 27.09.2007 [2], ,
,
.
, , -
(
) ( 5%).
. ,
()
().
, ,
,
, ,
,
.
, ,
.
.
,
()
,
,
, .
,
()
.
.
:
GSM/EDGE (Global System for Mobile Communications/
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution),
,
;
, ;
;
,
,
, ;
,
;
.
,
.
:
, ,
;
,
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.
1
[3]:
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.
- ,
.
- -
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- ,
( ),
, % .
-
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, ,
.
- ,
- ,
, % .
-
Channel Request RACH,
; Alerting,
()
,
.
-
,
% .
, PDP (Packet Data Protocol
). PDP
("Activate PDP context
Request"). PDP , 150
PDP ("Activate PDP context
Accept"),
[9].
,
.
- ,
- ,
,
%
- -
:
"Activate PDP context Request"
"Activate PDP context Accept",
- /
.
-
.
-
.
2
:
ACMA
(Australian Communications and Media Authority)
ARCEP
(L'Autorit de rgulation des communications lectroniques
et des postes)
GSM (Broadcast Common Control
Channel)
BER
(Bit error rate BER)
BS
(Base Station)
BSC
(Base Station Controller)
CDR
(Call Drop Rate)
CI
(Cell Identity)
CSG
(Customer Service Guarantee)
CunSR
(Call unsuccessful rate)
dBm
dB, 1mW.
DTX
(Discontinuous Transmission)
EDGE
GSM (Enhanced
Data rates for GSM Evolution)
ETSI
(European
Telecommunications Standards Institute)
FER
(Frame Erasure Rate)
FH
(frequency hopping)
FTP
(file transmission protocol)
GERAN
EDGE (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network)
GPRS
(General Packet Radio Service)
GPS
(Global Positioning System)
GSM
(Global System for Mobile Communications)
HLR
(Home Location Register)
IDA
(Infocomm
Development Authority of Singapore)
IP
(Internet Protocol)
ISDN
(Integrated Services Digital Network)
LAC
(Location Area Code)
MCC
(Mobile Country Code)
MMS
(Multimedia Messages Service)
MNC
(Mobile Network Code)
MOC
( Mobile Originated Call)
MOS
(Mean Opinion Score)
MS
(Mobile station)
MSC
(Mobile Switching Center)
MTC
(Mobile Terminating Call)
OFCOM
(Office
of Communications)
PESQ
(Perceptual Evaluation of Speech
Quality)
PDP
(Packet Data Protocol)
RACH
(Random Access Channel)
SLA
(Service Level Agreement)
SMS
(Short Messages Service)
STQ
(Speech and multimedia Transmission
Quality)
SQI
(Speech Quality Index)
TRAI
(Telecom Regulatory
Authority of India)
QoS
(Quality of Service)
WAP
(Wireless Application Protocol)
WGS
( World Geodetic System)
3GPP
(3rd Generation Partnership
Project)
3
3.1
,
:
:
1.1 (..
) ;
1.2 /
;
1.3 /
;
1.4 /
;
1.5
, ;
1.6
.
1.7 ;
:
2.1
,
;
2.2 ;
2.3 ;
2.4 ;
2.5 ;
2.6 ;
2.7 ;
2.8 -;
2.9
;
2.10 ;
..
3.2
:
-
-
;
-
, ;
-
.
3.3 .
, :
- (-);
- (-);
- ( -).
(, , ,
, )
,
.
4 .
4.1
.
GSM (Global System for Mobile telecommunications ) 1991
. 1993 36 GSM 22 , 25
GSM. 1994 .
GSM 1,3 .
29% GSM.
GSM 2- .
(Study Group, SG),
- -.
- SG 12
( ),
- SG 8 ( , , ,
).
, ,
- M.1079-2 [10].
IMT-2000 /
QoS. /
,
IMT-2000.
,
(European Telecommunications Standards
Institute, ETSI). QoS
(Speech and
multimedia Transmission Quality, STQ). STQ, ,
QoS GSM/3G.
STQ
:
(Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking,
TISPAN), (3rd Generation Partnership
Project, 3GPP). 3GPP 1998 .
,
GSM.
ETSI
.
C 1997
ARCEP1 (L'Autorit de rgulation des communications lectroniques et des postes)
.
[11]. ARCEP
, ,
.
,
(
2 5 ) .
, ( ,
).
( )
,
. -
,
(, )
.
400 000
, .
;
, .
2/3 1/3 - .
GPS.
: 20%
, 30% , 50% .
, ,
, .
http://www.arcep.fr
7 (3 3
). , .
. .
6 (3 3 ).
- 10 .
, ARCEP
2G 3G ( ).
: SMS , MMS, WAP, FTP,
.
ARCEP,
[11].
(ACMA2 Australian Communications and Media Authority) 2002 CSG
(Customer Service Guarantee
). CSG
,
.
, , ,
QoS .
2000 , (TRAI3 - Telecom
Regulatory Authority of India) QoS
, .
2009 [12]. 2005 TRAI
QoS 121 23 .
(IDA4 - Infocomm Development
Authority of Singapore) QoS
.
[13]. -
IDA QoS ,
2
http://www.acma.gov.au
http://www.trai.gov.in/
4
http://www.ida.gov.sg
3
(IDA)
QoS
. , QoS ,
.
, ( , -, , ).
IDA
.
.
,
(Office of
Communications - OFCOM5)
QoS [14].
ETSI [15] QoS
, [16]. , 27 2005
OFCOM ,
QoS [16] .
QoS [12], [13] [16] 1.
http://www.ofcom.org.uk/
1. QoS
,
-95
>95%
:
: -95
: -100
: -87.5
(CDR)
(CunSR)
,
-71
, -85
R
CDR 100% ,
N
R -
, N
.
Q
CunSR 100% Q N
, N -
.
>85%
:
: -75
: -73,7
CDR < 5%
CDR <3%
CDR < 5%
CunSR <5%
: 5 ,
4.2 .
[17] 2.
2.
(
, ,
SMS)
;
;
,
;
;
;
;
;
/;
(
) -
;
(
) -
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
SMS;
SMS;
SMS;
(
)
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
(
);
[17], [18]
[17], [19]
[17], [8]
[17], [20],
[9]
4.3 .
, 3.
,
( 1).
3.
,
-95
,
-71 , -85
[8]
[8]
(CDR)
R
100% ,
N
R -
, N -
.
[8]
(CunSR)
Q
100% Q -
N
, N -
.
[8]
(RX_Qual_DL)
4
[21]
CDR
CunSR
(SQI) 15,
(MOS)
3
(SQI) 15,
(MOS)
3
[19], [22]
[19], [22]
[8], [23]
-
SS . , [24]:
SS. MS. IF FF BL
SS . - , []
MS. - , [] [25] .
IF - , []
FF - () , [].
BL - , [].
4
[24].
(downlink),
().
4.
[24]
(DL). RXLEV = 95
: , 95%
(DL). RXLEV = 71
: , 95%
,
(CDR)
R
100% , R -
N
, N -
.
CDR
[26], (call drop) :
;
;
(timing
advance);
;
( )
(1 2 5;
(
).
(CunSR)
Q
100% Q -
N
, N -
. , 40
,
, ,
.
CunSR
,
(network busy).
GSM RXQUAL,
6 (Frame Erasure Rate
- FER) (Bit error rate BER)
[21], 5:
5. RXQUAL BER FER.
BER
FER
RXQUAL
(%)
(%)
x<0.2
x4.5
0.2 x0.4
4.5 x 8.5
0.4 x0.8
8.5 x12.5
0.8 x1.6
12.5 x16.5
1.6 x3.2
16.5 x20.5
3.2 x6.4
20.5 x24.5
6.4 x12.8
24.5 x
12.8 x
24.5 x
, 6, RXQUAL
.
6.
(FH-frequency hopping) .
RXQUAL
0-3
0-3
4-5
: ,
,
.
67
:
,
.
6 -7
,
SQI (Speech Quality Index) [19], [22], [27].
: (BER),
(FER), ,
(DTX - Discontinuous Transmission) .
,
.
RXQUAL, BER .
1 SQI RXQUAL
EFR (enhanced full rate)
, [28]. 1
, SQI , RXQUAL , ,
,
.
1. SQI RXQUAL
1 , 0 /,
;
2 , 48 /,
;
3 , 12 /,
;
4 , 3 /,
.
SQI MOS (Mean Opinion Score) PESQ
[22]. 7 SQI, MOS
.
7. SQI MOS
SQI
MOS
20 30
15 - 19
10 - 14
5 -9
<5
4.0-5.0
3.0-3.9
2.0-2.9
1.0-1.9
<1
.
.1 .
,
40 ,
.
, 8.
,
( 1).
8.
G
PDPunSR 100% ,
P
G -
, P
:
Activate PDP Context Request
Activate PDP Context Accept
[9]
[9]
,
/
[20]
, /
[20]
G
100% , G -
P
, P -
.
PDPunSR
,
PDP (Packet Data Protocol ).
PDP
("Activate PDP context Request"). PDP
, 150
PDP ("Activate PDP context Accept"),
[9]. ,
.
.
-
:
"Activate PDP context Request" "Activate PDP
context Accept",
.
, 150
, .
.
(
) (file transmission
protocol - FTP) .
,
1 1.5 (,
). FTP-
.
,
[20].
5
.
5.1 .
:
, [23], [29] [12], [13], [16].
(.5.2 )
:
- ,
,
;
- ,
, ,
.
.
5.2 .
.
().
.
9 [3].
9. 7
7
- 95%-
2.
5%
10%
20%
0,01
39600
9900
2500
0,015
26200
6500
1600
0,02
19600
4900
1200
0,025
15600
3900
1000
0,03
12900
3200
800
0,035
11000
2700
700
0,04
9600
2400
600
0,05
7500
1900
500
10%. , 5%
1900.
20%. ,
5% 500.
,
10%.
, 5%
1400.
5.3 .
,
,
[30];
,
,
,
(
) "".
(, )
[30];
[31].
6.1 .
,
,
.
,
.
.
( )
ETSI [8] ,
:
10 17 , 18 22
12 20 .
6.2 .
/
:
- 90% , 1
[32] ( 4);
- 80% , 1 ;
- 60% , 2 ;
- 50% , 3 ;
- 10% .
. /
:
- , 90% , 6
[33] ( 5);
- , 80% , 1;
- , 60% , 2;
- , 50% , 3 4;
- 10% .
6.3 .
(),
ISDN
.
.
,
[20].
IP ( ).
( MOC - Mobile Originated Call),
( MTC - Mobile Terminating Call).
.
,
30 ,
[34]
[34]:
10 - ;
120 .
3 8.
6.4
.
, (.
6.2), (. 6.1.).
,
.
6.5
.
,
:
- , ,
, , ,
, ;
- ,
( );
;
;
( ,
, );
(
,
);
, :
;
; .
6.6 .
[35]
, ,
.
, .
,
, ,
. , ,
ISDN ip- .
:
, .
,
( ,
, );
;
(MCC, MNC, CI, LAC) (IMEI, IMSI),
;
,
;
(, , ).
.
[35]
, , (
ASCII, Microsoft Excel ..). GSM,
, 1,
, ,
. ,
( , , ,
..).
2:
2.
6.7 .
ETSI [35]
()
().
,
(, ).
, .
,
( QoS )
. (
) ; ,
,
;
3.
3. [35]
(1) :
(1n).
(2) : .
(3) : .
(4) : .
(5) : .
(6) :
.
(7) GPS:
(8) .
(1):
ETSI, 3GPP;
(, USB-);
;
,
(, ..);
,
;
.
.
(2):
.
.
,
. .
, ,
. , ,
.
, [36].
,
, .
(3), (4) (5):
, ,
.
(7):
ETSI [35] GPS NAVSTAR
. GPS-
GPS (DGPS).
WGS-84.
NAVSTAR
.
, ,
, ,
,
(MS) ( (BS), (BSC),
(MSC)) , 9.
3 ,
[27], [38], [39] [40].
7
7.1 .
, ,
,
[17], [8], [20], [9], [22], [23],
[11], [12], [13], [16], [41], [42].
, .
GSM 6 7.
8
8.1 .
,
,
III [43].
, ,
,
, .
9
[1] , 53732-2009 . , 2009.
[2] , 113 " -
", 2007.
[3] , 45.254-2002 " .
", 2002.
[4] , "
2005 . ", 2005.
[5] , 45.004-2000 " .
", 2000.
[6] , 9001, " . .", 2001.
[7] , 9000, " . ", 2008.
[8] ETSI, EG 202 057-3 " , : QoS,
, ; 3: QoS
", (Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); User
related QoS parameter definitions and measurements; Part 3: QoS parameters specific to Public
Land Mobile Networks (PLMN)), 2005.
[9] ETSI, TS 102 250-2," , : QoS
GSM 3G ; 2:
", (Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); QoS aspects for
popular services in GSM and 3G networks; Part 2: Definition of Quality of Service parameters and
their computation), 2006.
[10] -, " IMT-2000"
(Performance and quality of service requirements for International Mobile Telecommunications2000 (IMT-2000) access networks), 2003.
[11] ARCEP, " (2G 3G) " (La
qualit des services de voix et de donnes des rseaux mobiles (2G et 3G) en France
mtropolitaine), 2010.
[12] TRAI, "
" (The standards of quality of service of basic telephone service
(wireline) and cellular mobile telephone service regulations), 2009.
[13] IDA, " 2G" (2G Public Cellular Mobile
Telephone Service QoS Standards).
[14] OFCOM, " " (Statement on
providing Quality of Service information to consumers), 2004.
[15] ETSI, EG 201 769 " , : QoS,
; ", (Speech Processing,
Transmission & Quality Aspects (STQ);QoS parameter definitions and measurements;Parameters
for voice telephony service required under the ONP Voice Telephony Directive 98/10/EC), 2000.
[16] OFCOM, " " (Consultation on quality parameters), 2004.
[17] -, E.802, "
QoS", 2007.
[18] ETSI, EG 202 057-1 " , : QoS,
, ; 1: ", (Speech Processing,
Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ);User related QoS parameter definitions and
measurements;Part 1: General), 2005.
[19] ETSI, EG 202 057-2 " , : QoS,
, ; 2: , ,
, SMS", (Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects
(STQ);User related QoS parameter definitions and measurements;Part 2: Voice telephony, Group 3
fax,modem data services and SMS), 2005.
[20] ETSI, EG 202 057-4 " , : QoS,
, ; 4: ", (Speech
Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); User related QoS parameter definitions and
measurements; Part 4: Internet access), 2005.
[21] ETSI, EN 300 911, " ( 2+); "
(Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio subsystem link control), 1997.
[22] , P.862. " :
", (Perceptual
evaluation of speech quality (PESQ): An objective method for end-to-end speech quality assessment
of narrow-band telephone networks and speech codecs), 2001.
[23] , E.771 "
" (Network grade of service parameters and target values
for circuit-switched land mobile services), 1993.
[24] R. Pattuelli V. Zingarelli, "
" (Precision of the Estimation of area coverage by planning tools in
cellular systems),
(IEEE Personal communications), . 7, 3, pp. 50-53, 2000.
[25] ETSI, GSM 05.05. " ( 2+); " (Digital
cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission and reception), 1997.
[26] M. Ali, A. Shehzad A. Akram, GSM (Radio Access
Network Audit & Optimization in GSM),
(International Journal of Engineering & Technology), . 10, 1, pp. 75-79, 2010.
[27] Ascom, " TEMS Investigation" (TEMS Investigation. Users manual).
[28] Ericsson, TEMS Investigation (TEMS Investigation GSM Users
Manual), 2004.
[29] , E.431 "
" (Service quality assessment for connection set-up and release delays), 1992.
[30] .50.2.006-94 . .
[31] , 45.151-2000
GSM
.
[32] , 50597-93 " .
, ".
[33] 1 05 14 367/1 -
", 2011.
[34] ETSI, TS 102 250-5 " , : QoS
GSM 3G ; 5:
", (Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); QoS aspects for popular
services in GSM and 3G networks; Part 5: Definition of typical measurement profiles), 2005.
[35] ETSI, TS 102 250-4 " , : QoS
GSM 3G ; 4: ",
(Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); QoS aspects for popular services in
GSM and 3G networks; Part 4: Requirements for Quality of Service measurement equipment).
[36] ETSI, TS 100 910: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission and
reception (3GPP TS 05.05)".
[37] , , 1995.
[38] Agilent Technologies, " GSM
E7475A" (E7475A GSM Drive-Test System, Technical Specifications).
[39] Marconi Instruments Ltd., "
GSM 2966A" (Operating Manual Supplement. Radio Test Set 2966A for GSM Manual
part no. 46882-165V).
[40] Wavetek, STABILOCK 4032" (Operating
Instructions STABILOCK 4032 Communication Test Set).
[41] C. SARRAF L. KHAZAN, " GPRS"
(Measuring QoS for GPRS Mobile Networks), 4
(4th WSEAS International Conference on
Telecommunications and Informatics), Wisconsin, USA, 2005.
[42] Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, GPRS/EDGE
(GPRS/EDGE Network Key Performance Indicators), 2009.
[43] 50.2.014-94, . .
.
1. , /
GSM .
ARFCN BCCH
/
GSM 450:
259 ... 293
GSM 850:
128 ... 251
P-GSM 900:
1 ... 124
E-GSM 900:
0 ... 124,
975 ... 1023
GSM 1800:
512 ... 885
GSM 1900:
512 ... 810
ARFCN TCH
Attach Time
. ARFCN BCCH
0 ... 60000
BER Actual (%)
0 ... 26
%
(FH)
( Attach
Request Attach Complete).
,
(DTX)
BSIC
00 ... 77
(BSIC)
C Value
0 ... 63
GSM RxLev
C1
127 ... 127
C2
127 ... 127
Cell Id
0 ... 65535
1.
C2.
Cell Name
CGI
Channel Mode
.
MCC, (MNC), (LAC)
(CI). MCC
MNC LAC CI.
: , ,
.
Channel RxLev (dBm)
120 ... 10
Channel Type
. : TCH/F
+ FACCH/F and SACCH/M, BCCH, PDCH.
Ciphering Algorithm
Downlink Signalling
Counter Current
0 ... 45
(A5/1, A5/2, GEA/1, ..). . 3GPP
43.020.
(Downlink Signalling Counter - DSC).
Downlink Signalling
Counter Max
0 ... 45
DTX Rate DL
0 ... 100
%
FER Actual (%)
0 ... 100
(Downlink Signalling Counter - DSC)
(DTX)
. :
number of blocks not sent
-------------------------------------------------------------------- 100
total number of blocks
DTX: TCH (
SID) SACCH.
,
(DTX)
%
FER Full (%)
0 ... 100
%
FER Sub (%)
0 ... 100
%
Frequency Band
Frequency Band For
TCH
Hopping
Hopping List
HSN
0 ... 63
Ignore Cell Barred
0, 2
Fullset. :
number of erased blocks
----------------------------------------------------------------- 100
total number of blocks
.
Subset.
-, ..850, 1800,
900E, 900R.
, .. 850,
1800, 900E, 900R.
(FH)
(YES/NO).
. , 1, 10, 19, 28.
(HSN - Hopping Sequence Number).
(cell barred)
0:
2:
LAC
0 ... 65535
(LAC)
MAIO
0 ... 63
MCC
000 ... 999
,
(MAIO-Mobile
Allocation Index Offset).
.
MNC
000 ... 999
Mode
1 ... 7
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
MS Power Control
Level
0 ... 31
,
. .
MS Tx Power (dBm)
GSM 850:
.
.
5 ... 39
GSM 900:
5 ... 39
GSM 1800:
0 ... 36
GSM 1900:
0 ... 33
Neighbor ARFCN
Neighbor BSIC (Num)
Neighbor C1
. ARFCN BCCH
00 ... 77
127 ... 127
.
1
Neighbor C2
127 ... 127
2 .
Neighbor Cell Id
0 ... 65535
Neighbor LAC
0 ... 65535
Neighbor RxLev (dBm)
120 ... 10
Number Of Hopping
Frequencies
PESQ Echo
Attenuation
PESQ Echo Correlation
PESQ Echo Delay
0 ... 64
(FH)
0 ... 100
AQM:
0 ... 5
0 ... 1000
AQM:
AQM:
PESQ Echo Power
0 ... 100
AQM:
PESQ Score DL
1 ... 5
MOS-PESQ
PESQ Score UL
1 ... 5
MOS-PESQ
PESQ Sentence DL
0 ... 3
AQM: PESQ
, .
AQM: PESQ
, .
AQM: PESQ
.
0: 0 + 1
1: 2 + 3
2: 4 + 5
3: 6 + 7
PESQ Sentence UL
PESQ Volume
0 ... 3
100 ... 20
AQM: PESQ
. , PESQ Sentence DL
AQM:
Radio Link Timeout
Current
0 ... 64
(Radio
Link Timeout)
.
Radio Link Timeout
Max
4, 8, ..., 64
(Radio Link Timeout)
.
RxLev Full (dBm)
120 ... 10
FullSet
RxLev Sub (dBm)
120 ... 10
SubSet
RxQual Full
0 ... 7
FullSet
RxQual Full (%)
0 ... 26
RxQual Full.
%
RxQual Sub
0 ... 7
SubSet
RxQual Sub (%)
0 ... 26
RxQual Sub.
%
Timeslot
0 ... 7
Training Sequence
Code
0 ... 7
.
.
/
GSM
:
C31
127 ... 127
C32
127 ... 127
C31 GPRS.
C32 GPRS
Cell EGPRS Support
: Yes/No
EDGE
Cell GPRS Support
: Yes/No
GPRS
GAN GERAN Cell Id
0 ... 65535
GAN GSM Coverage
Indicator
0 ... 3
GERAN
GERAN
0:
1:
2: GERAN
3: GERAN ,
Neighbor C31
127 ... 127
C31 GPRS
2.
1. N.
N , .
(. 6.6 ).
2. - Po .
, .
, %, :
Po
Q
100% ,
N
(2.1)
Q - .
Q ,
.
(. 6.6 ).
3. - Pp
,
.
, %, :
Pp
R
100% ,
N
(2.2)
R -
.
R ,
(. 6.6 ).
4. , - R .
, ,
, .
%, :
N
N
100% ,
(2.3)
N - ,
, .
(. 6.6
).
5. ,
- Qco .
,
,
.
%, :
N
100% ,
N
(2.4)
N - ,
, .
(. 6.6
).
6.
2
1,96 (p 1) p
2
(2.5)
1,96 (p 1) p
,
n
p
(2.6)
p ,
- , -
( ), .
7.
PDPunSR . , %, :
PDPunSR
G
100% ,
P
(2.7)
G -
, P -
.
(. 6.6
).
3.
.
/,
915 - 980/870
TEMS Investigation
925
TEMS Pocket
5 33
-102 -47
1785-1920/1690-
TEMS Automatic
1805
890 - 915/935
960
Adgilent Tecnology /
+5 +33
-104 -47
1710-1785/18051885
Marconi
115 +13
-135 +50
Stubilock
-122 +13
-120 +50
0.1 3000/0.1
3000
0.4 1000/ 0.4 1000
890 - 915/ 935
960
Net Monitor8
+5 +33
-104 -47
1710-1785/18051885
, ,
. Marconi, Stubilock
, ,
.
Net monitor ( ) , .
Marconi Instruments
Stabilock
, , ,
.
TEMS Investigation, Adgilent Technology
,
.
,
ETSI [21].
GSM,
, 1.
TEMS Investigation
TEMS Pocket
Adgilent Technology
4.
, [32]:
- 1 - 10000 /
, (, ..)
, 5 ;
- 1 - 10000 /,
1;
- 1 - 10000, 3000 /
, (, ..)
, 5 ;
- 1 - 10000, 3000 /,
1.
, :
- 2 - 3000, 500 /
, (,
..) , 5 ;
- 2 - 3000, 500 /,
2.
, :
- 3 - 500 /
, (,
..) , 5 ;
- 3 - 500 /
;
- 3 - 500 /,
3 3;
, :
- 1 -
10000/;
- 1 -
10000
/;
3000 /;
, :
- 2 -
3000 /; 500
/;
, :
- 3 - , 2.
5. , .
1 [33] , ,
, .
2000-6000
.
2 ,
- .
1100-2000
.
3 , .
4 ,
( ) .
,
.
5 , ,
,
( , , .).
6 .
6.
85%
95%
70%
80%
,
(CDR)
5%
2%
(CunSR)
5%
3%
8%
4%
9%
4%
9%
4%
10 .
5 .
7.
,
,
6%
4%
1 .
0.6 .
80 /
120 /
20 /
40 /
